Academic literature on the topic 'Narrm (Port Phillip Bay)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Narrm (Port Phillip Bay)"
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Tran, Huy Quang, David Provis, and Alexander V. Babanin. "Hydrodynamic Climate of Port Phillip Bay." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080898.
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This study is dedicated to the hydrodynamic climate of Port Phillip Bay (PPB)—a largest coastal lagoon system in Victoria, Australia. Novelty of the present study includes long-term hydrodynamic hindcast simulations integrated with a spectral wave model. Specifically, a coupled unstructured grid wave–current modelling system (SCHISM + WWM) was built upon a high resolution and advanced wave physics (ST6). This coupling system was thoroughly calibrated and validated against field observations prior to applying for 27-year hindcast and case scenarios. Data from these simulations were then used to investigate the hydrodynamic climate of PPB focusing on three main aspects: water levels, waves and currents. For sea levels, this study shows that tidal and extreme sea levels (storm tides) across a large part of PPB have a similar magnitude. The highest storm tide level is found along eastern coasts of the bay in line with the wind pattern. In the vicinity of the entrance, the extreme sea level slightly reduced, in line with wave decay due to coupling effects. This extreme level is lower than results reported by previous studies, which were not built on a wave–current coupled system. For the wave field, the mean wave direction inside PPB is strongly affected by seasonality, in line with wind patterns. The 100-year return significant wave height is above 2 m along the eastern coasts. At PPH, waves get refracted after passing the narrow entrance. For currents, this study shows that both mean variations and high percentile currents are not affected by seasonality. This highlights the fact that tidal currents dominate flow movements in PPB. However, in extreme conditions, the circulation in PPB is also driven by wind patterns, forming two gyre systems. Based on case scenarios simulations, the strongest magnitude of wind-driven currents is above 0.5 m/s and found in the confined shallow region in the southern portion of PPB.
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Hamer, Paul A., Gregory P. Jenkins, and Bronwyn M. Gillanders. "Chemical tags in otoliths indicate the importance of local and distant settlement areas to populations of a temperate sparid, Pagrus auratus." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-221.
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Understanding geographic origins of fish is essential to the management of fisheries and protection of critical juvenile habitats. We used natural chemical tags (Mn, Sr, and Ba), characterized from otoliths of 0+ snapper (Pagrus auratus) (approximately 13 months postsettlement), to determine the origins of 1- and 2-year-old (subadult) fish about to recruit to the Victorian fishery. We sampled subadults from eight areas across 700 km of coastline and within the major Victorian fishery, Port Phillip Bay. Maximum likelihood analyses indicated for both cohorts that most subadults in Port Phillip Bay and a significant proportion from west Victorian coastal waters had settled within Port Phillip Bay. The contribution of the Port Phillip Bay settlement area to coastal populations, however, decreased with distance to the west, varied between cohorts, and was negligible at locations over 200 km to the east of the bay. Comparison of elemental tags between 0+ fish of known settlement origin and the subadults indicated that unknown settlement areas may have contributed recruitment to one of the cohorts. These results have highlighted the importance of local settlement areas to sustaining the major Victorian fishery, but small juveniles can migrate large distances from this settlement area and contribute to coastal populations.
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Langdon, JS. "Haemosiderosis in Platycephalus bassensis and Diodon nicthemerus in south-east Australian coastal waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 5 (1986): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860587.
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The degree of haemosiderin deposition in the spleen, liver, and kidney of P. bassensis and D. nicthemerus was compared in specimens from Port Phillip Bay, and Lakes Entrance, Victoria, Bass Strait, and the Derwent estuary, Tasmania. D. nicthemerus displayed extensive visceral haemosiderosis and fatty infiltration of the liver at all sites, apparently as normal conditions. P. bassensis from Port Phillip Bay displayed severe visceral haemosiderosis, whereas specimens from the remaining sites had only low background levels of haemosiderin deposition. It is suggested that high levels of visceral haemosiderin in fish species normally displaying low levels are indicative of a suboptimal health status in fish populations. No infectious cause of the haemosiderosis in Port Phillip Bay fish has been identified, and toxic or pollution-related causes are thus considered likely to be responsible.
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Ball, David, Mariela Soto-Berelov, and Peter Young. "Historical seagrass mapping in Port Phillip Bay, Australia." Journal of Coastal Conservation 18, no. 3 (April 27, 2014): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0314-3.
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Berelson, W. M., D. Heggie, A. Longmore, T. Kilgore, G. Nicholson, and G. Skyring. "Benthic Nutrient Recycling in Port Phillip Bay, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 46, no. 6 (June 1998): 917–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0328.
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Cohen, Brian F., David R. Currie, and Matthew A. McArthur. "Epibenthic community structure in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00027.
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Epibenthic community structure in Port Phillip Bay was examined from quantitative diver samples collected at 30 depth-stratified stations during 1998. Analysis of variance showed a strong trend of decreasing epibenthic abundance, biomass and species diversity with depth. Reductions in these three parameters were most pronounced over shallow inshore waters and could be attributed largely to decreases in the abundance of the heavy, mat-forming ascidian Pyura stolonifera with depth. Four epifaunal community groupings, closely reflecting differences in sediment and habitat type within the bay, were identified from ordinations of species abundance and biomass data. The four epifaunal groupings also closely matched distributional patterns observed in other studies in both demersal fish and infaunal communities. Epifaunal communities in the bay were dominated by filter-feeding organisms which accounted for nearly 95% of the total species abundance and 98% of the total species biomass. Seven of the 63 epibenthic organisms collected during the survey are exotic introductions to the bay (Sabella spallanzanii, Ascidiella aspersa, Styela clava, Styela plicata, Ciona intestinalis, Pyromaia tuberculata and Asterias amurensis). As many of these species are widespread and abundant (35% of all individuals), their effects on the ecology of Port Phillip Bay are likely to be significant.
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Mason, Suzanne, Chandra Salgado Kent, David Donnelly, Jeffrey Weir, and Kerstin Bilgmann. "Atypical residency of short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis ) to a shallow, urbanized embayment in south-eastern Australia." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (September 2016): 160478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160478.
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Short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis ) are typically considered highly mobile, offshore delphinids. This study assessed the residency of a small community of short-beaked common dolphins in the shallow, urbanized Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia. The ability to identify common dolphins by their dorsal fin markings and coloration using photo-identification was also investigated. Systematic and non-systematic boat surveys were undertaken between 2007 and 2014. Results showed that 13 adult common dolphins and their offspring inhabit Port Phillip Bay, of which 10 adults exhibit residency to the bay. The majority of these adults are reproductively active females, suggesting that female philopatry may occur in the community. Systematic surveys conducted between 2012 and 2014 revealed that the dolphins were found in a median water depth of 16 m and median distance of 2.2 km from the coast. The shallow, urbanized habitat of this resident common dolphin community is atypical for this species. As a result, these common dolphins face threats usually associated with inshore bottlenose dolphin communities. We suggest that the Port Phillip Bay common dolphin community is considered and managed separate to those outside the embayment and offshore to ensure the community's long-term viability and residency in the bay.
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DUCKER, SOPHIE C., and T. M. PERRY. "James Fleming: the first gardener on the River Yarra, Victoria." Archives of Natural History 13, no. 2 (June 1986): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1986.13.2.123.
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James Fleming, a convict gardener, was a member of the party in the Colonial Schooner Cumberland, on a journey of exploration to Bass Strait and Port Phillip Bay in 1802 and 1803; they were the first Europeans to visit the northern part of the Bay and discovered the River Yarra. The acting Surveyor General of N.S.W., Charles Grimes mapped the whole Bay. Fleming wrote a journal of the expedition and the descriptions of the country on Grimes's map. Later in 1803, he compiled a list of plants introduced into the colony of New South Wales and returned to England on H.M.S. Glatton in charge of a collection of Australian plants and seeds: A note sets the work of the Cumberland's expedition in the context of early discoveries and charting of Port Phillip Bay.
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Jenkins, GP. "Composition, seasonality and distribution of Ichthyoplankton in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 4 (1986): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860507.
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Plankton samples were collected on monthly cruises over 1 year from May 1983 to April 1984, to investigate composition, seasonality and distribution of ichthyoplankton in Port Phillip Bay. Fish egg numbers were dominated by the southern anchovy, Engraulis australis; clupeoids and gobiids were co-dominant larvae. Other common fish larvae were the cobbler, Gymnapistes marmoratus, greenback flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, and callionymids. Egg abundances were highest in summer, resulting mainly from high abundances of E. australis eggs. Abundances of fish larvae were highest in summer and winter-spring. The summer period was dominated by clupeoid and gobiid larvae, together with callionymids, monacanthids, platycephalids, the blenny, Pictiblennius tasmanianus, the snapper, Chrysophrys auratus, and a number of rarer species. The winter-spring period was almost entirely dominated by four taxa: gobiids, G. marmoratus, R. taplrina and the long-snouted flounder, Ammotretis rostratus. Eggs of E. australis, Sardinops neopilchardus and A. rostratus, and larvae of all common taxa except monacanthids and C. auratus, were distributed widely throughout the bay. Abundance of eggs of E. australis at the mouth of the bay was significantly lower than within the bay proper. Larvae of P. tasrnanianus were significantly more abundant in the shallow, northern region of the bay than in the deeper, central region. Most monacanthid larvae were collected towards the mouth of the bay, whereas C. auratus larvae were only collected at stations well inside the bay. Analysis of winter samples revealed multispecies patchiness of fish larvae, and a positive correlation between larval abundance and volume of net zooplankton. Although juveniles of King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctatus, and yellow-eyed mullet, Aldrichetra forsteri, are abundant in Port Phillip Bay, larvae were virtually absent. It is proposed that these species spawn offshore, and that immigration into the bay occurs at a late larval-early juvenile stage not detectable by plankton sampling.
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Walker, S. J. "Coupled hydrodynamic and transport models of Port Phillip Bay, a semi-enclosed bay in south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98071.
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Coupled hydrodynamic and transport models of Port Phillip Bay were developed as part of the Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study. Model coupling was achieved via a particle tracking method, giving great flexibility in both geometry and time step for the transport model. This technique allowed ecological (water quality) modules to be included efficiently, so that long-term management scenarios could be adequately addressed. Validation of the hydrodynamic model was done primarily against observed sea-level and current meter data. For the transport model, comparisons were made with data on salinity in the bay observed over five years. Despite some disagreement between the hydrodynamic model and observations of longer-term (non-tidal) currents, the transport model provided good simulations of salinity throughout the bay. Transport-model flushing time for the bay was about 270 days (similar to estimates obtained from salinity and radionuclide measurements), varying with model geometry and with position inside the bay. As well as providing physical forcing for ecological simulations (described elsewhere in this issue), the models identified a systematic bias in the known freshwater budget for the bay.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Narrm (Port Phillip Bay)"
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Wheatley, Melissa Jane 1969. "Ecology of populations and assemblages of temperate reef fish in Port Phillip Bay, Australia." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8776.
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Smith, Timothy Malcolm. "The importance of edge effects in determining fish distribution in patchy seagrass habitats /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7071.
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James, Darren Stuart, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Environmental site assessment for abalone ranching on artificial reef." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060914.100744.
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This study investigated the feasibility of ranching the abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach) and Haliotis laevigata (Donovan) on concrete artificial reefs at a site chosen by industry investors on silty bottom off Altona Beach, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. The study started from the premise that artificial reef deployment combined with abalone stock enhancement may achieve the dual purpose of habitat and stock improvement. It evaluated the hydrodynamics of the site in relation to artificial reef structural stability and drift algal transport, the development and ecology of the artificial reef assemblage, and abalone enhancement by seeding the reefs with hatchery juvenile abalone and transplanting adult broodstock abalone.
Despite a scarcity of reports on culturing abalone on artificial reef, a literature review examined broadly the functions of artificial reefs, particularly in the context of abalone enhancement, and the relationship between artificial reefs, hydrodynamics and ecology. The major finding was that the success of artificial reef projects is highly dependent on the environment of the chosen site, and that preliminary studies are essential to predict their likely success. This consideration alone provided strong justification to undertake this study.
The topography at the Altona site was generally flat, with natural patches of low basalt boulder reef, offering low habitat complexity, yet supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna, including a low-density wild stock of H. rubra. Water depth was a mean of 3.3 m at low tide and 4.4 m at high tide.
A single, uncomplicated, concrete artificial reef of H-shape design, was tested as abalone habitat.
The hydrodynamic analysis confirmed previous studies of Port Phillip Bay, with mild current speeds
of mean 0.045 m.s-1, and maximum-modelled wave height (H1/3) of 1.21 m and period (T1/3) of 4.51 sec. Water temperature ranged from 9.9ºC during July to 23.8ºC during January, with salinity averaging of 35.5 ppt. The site had a low probability of receiving drift algae, necessary as a food source for abalone, because of its geographic location, potentially affecting ranch productivity.
Ecological monitoring of the three-year old artificial reef shows complex changes in the flora and fauna over time, particularly in respect of the sessile fauna. Key differences between the artificial reef and a nearby natural reef community were: lower cover of corallines and late colonisers, such as sponges. High levels of sedimentation were recorded at the Altona site.
Hatchery juvenile H. laevigata, with mean survival of 15% after two years and a mean annual growth rate of 39 mm, showed the most promise for outplanting. In comparison, for hatchery juvenile H. rubra, mean survival was 9% after three years and mean annual growth rate was 22 mm. No natural recruitment of H. laevigata was recorded on artificial reef despite transplants of adult broodstock on the reefs. Natural recruitment of H. rubra was also low and insufficient to reliably contribute to abalone ranch stock.
Having examined the hydrodynamic, ecological and enhancement attributes of the Altona site, the study concluded that the site was marginally viable for abalone ranching, and that an alternative site near Werribee, 20 km further southwest, had superior attributes for growth and survival of abalone.
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Grigg, Nicola Jane, and nicky grigg@csiro au. "Benthic Bulldozers and Pumps: Laboratory and Modelling Studies of Bioturbation and Bioirrigation." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060228.104425.
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Aquatic sediments are the recipients of a continual rain of organic debris from the water column. The decomposition reactions within the sediment and the rates of material exchange between the sediment and water column are critically moderated by the transport processes within the sediment. The sediment and solute movement induced by burrowing animals bioturbation and bioirrigation far exceed abiotic transport processes such as sedimentation burial and molecular diffusion. Thalassinidean shrimp are particularly abundant burrowing animals. Living in high density populations along coastlines around the world, these shrimp build complex burrow networks which they actively maintain and irrigate.¶
I used a laser scanner to map thalassinidean shrimp (Trypaea australiensis) mound formation. These experiments measured rapid two-way exchange between the sediment and depth. Subduction from the sediment surface proved to be just as important as sediment expulsion from depth, yet this is not detected by conventional direct entrapment techniques. The experiments demonstrated that a daily sampling frequency was needed to capture the extent of the two-way exchange.¶
I derived a one-dimensional non-local model accounting for the excavation, infill and collapse (EIC) of burrows. Maximum likelihood analyses were used to test the model against 210Pb and 228Th profiles taken from sediment cores in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne. The maximum likelihood approach proved to be a useful technique for quantifying parameter confidence bounds and allowing formal comparison with a comparable biodiffusion model. The EIC model generally outperformed the biodiffusion model, and in all cases best EIC model parameter estimates required some level of burrow infill with surface material. The EIC model was expanded to two and three dimensions, which allowed the representation of lateral heterogeneity resulting from the excavation, infill and collapse of burrow structures. A synthetic dataset generated by the two-dimensional model was used to demonstrate the effects of heterogeneity and core sampling on the mixing information that can be extracted from one-dimensional sediment core data.¶
Burrow irrigation brings oxygenated water into burrow depths, and can affect the nitrogen cycle by increasing the rates of coupled nitrification and denitrification reactions. I modelled the nitrogen chemistry in the annulus of sediment surrounding an irrigated burrow using a radially-symmetrical diffusion model. The model was applied to three published case studies involving thalassinidean shrimp experiments and to field data from Port Phillip Bay. The results highlighted divergences between current theoretical understanding and laboratory and field measurements. The model further demonstrated potential limitations of measurements of burrow characteristics and animal behaviour in narrow laboratory tanks. Activities of burrowing animals had been hypothesised to contribute to high denitrification rates within Port Phillip Bay. Modelling work in this thesis suggests that the model burrow density required to explain these high denitrification rates is not consistent with the sampled density of thalassinidean shrimp in the Bay, although dense burrows of other animals are likely to be important. Limitations of one-dimensional representations of nitrogen diagenesis were explored via comparisons between one-dimensional models and the full cylinder model.
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Amerena, Massimo. "Something before, that still remains: experiential treaty-making on Kulin Country." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42145/.
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Narrm, later named Port Phillip Bay by colonisers, shapes Aboriginal politics. This thesis is a place-based
examination of the forms of treaty-making practised around Narrm. It aims to deepen the understandings of
settler-Australians and historians of the political sophistication of the Kulin federation, a group of allied
Aboriginal nations whose Country covers what is now central Victoria, Australia. Drawing on Aboriginal oral
histories and colonial primary sources, as well as anthropological and archaeological scholarship, I use
knowledge of Kulin culture and philosophy to explore, imagine, and decolonise the history of their politics from
14,000 years ago to the end of 1835. The forms of treaty explored in this thesis have been continuously practised
for thousands of generations and exist within, and as an expression of, Kulin law. This thesis is divided into two
parts, each consisting of two chapters. Part I examines the Kulin’s pre-colonial traditions of treaty-making,
showing political relations were performed with Country, the non-human world and humans. Part II builds on
this and shows that when encountering settlers in 1835 the bayside Kulin continued, and evolved, their treatymaking traditions.
To describe these forms of Kulin political agreement-making, highlight Kulin agency and the political role of
women, I introduce the term experiential treaties. An experiential treaty exists within the Indigenous oral
tradition and is a political accord between a sovereign Aboriginal group and another party, be they a
neighbouring Aboriginal clan, a refugee, a group of settlers as guests, or the non-human world of Country and
animals. Exploring the Kulin world through experiential treaties centres Aboriginal political agency and selfdetermination. It is important to highlight that the practice of treaty-making does not have to include the modern
or colonial settler-state. Experiential treaties are characterised by reciprocity and repetition, as they require
iterative renewal through personal interactions between host and guest.
With an imaginative approach based on Greg Dening’s historical methodology, I explore experiential treatymaking on Kulin country to decolonise Victorian history and highlight the silences and absences within current
revisionist historiography of 1835. Rather than analyse the founding of Melbourne, I turn to the underresearched and unacknowledged political agency of the Waddawurrung living around present-day Geelong.
Through exploring interactions with John Batman and his crew, I examine the exclusion of women from the
narrative of 1835. Re-interpreting the political relations between the Waddawurrung and settlers camped at
Indented Head shows that Kulin political traditions were continued, not disrupted, through what I term the
Geelong Treaty based on the principle of iterative renewal and reciprocity.
This thesis has significance in expanding the narrative of 1835 to include Kulin women and the Waddawurrung,
but it also gives new depth to understandings of modern treaty-making and Indigenous activism in Victoria. As
Wiradjuri legal scholar Mark McMillan states on the history and custom of Indigenous treaty-making: “There
was something before, that still remains”.
Key Words: treaty-making, Geelong Treaty, Kulin Treaty, Batman Treaty, Aboriginal treaties, decolonisation,
Victorian colonisation, experiential treaties, Indigenous sovereignty, settler-colonialism, Kulin agency,
Waddawurrung (Waddawurrung, Wathawurrung), Narrm (Port Phillip Bay), Beangala, Indented Head, William
Buckley, cross-cultural lawful relations, environmental history, the Yarra camp.
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Filby, Nicole E. "Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis) tourism in Port Phillip Bay, Australia: effects, implications and management." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32312/.
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In Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, the endemic and vulnerable Burrunan
dolphin (Tursiops australis) is the target species of a non-consumptive,
economically important, dolphin-swim industry. This industry commenced in
1986, and southern Port Phillip Bay is now a key eco-tourism destination in
Victoria, with 8 permitted trips daily targeting swimming with Burrunan dolphins.
Although this industry has been in operation for 29 years, understanding of the
occurrence, demographics, habitat use, behaviour and effects of tourism on
Burrunan dolphins is limited. This lack of empirical data is of concern as it has
impeded management of the Port Phillip Bay dolphin-swim industry. To ensure
the sustainability of this industry, it is imperative that sound scientific data be
provided so that management can make informed decisions. This study
assessed the potential effects of the dolphin-swim industry on Burrunan dolphin
behaviour whilst simultaneously assessing the efficacy of different management
strategies.
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Smith, Timothy Malcolm. "The importance of edge effects in determining fish distributions in patchy seagrass habitats." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7071.
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Boundaries between adjacent habitats can create unique biotic and abiotic conditions, varying species compositions and abundances between the edge and interior of habitats. As habitats become fragmented, the relative amount of edge increases. Understanding the role that habitat edges have in determining species compositions and abundances is fundamental for conservation and management of habitats, particularly those under threat from fragmentation. Seagrass habitats are common nearshore habitats that harbour a rich and diverse faunal assemblage that are under threat worldwide from human disturbance. Human induced fragmentation, and the propensity of seagrass to form naturally patchy landscapes, makes it an ideal system to study the effects of edges on fauna.Evidence of fish displaying edge effects in seagrass habitats is equivocal. Assessment of fish edge effects was done by sampling seven positions within seagrass habitats at fine spatial scales. Strong, consistent patterns in fish distributions demonstrated clear edge effects both within and alongside seagrass at these sites. The total number of fish sampled was greater at the seaward seagrass edge than the seagrass middle, but there was little difference between the seagrass middle and the shoreward seagrass edge. Four individual fish species showed preferences for the seagrass edges. Further investigation revealed that patch size could influence the magnitude of edge effects in seagrass beds. Fish were sampled in ten variously sized seagrass patches in three positions within each patch. Two species showed variations in edge effects across patches which could be attributed to the area of the patch. Changes in patch size can influence the magnitude of edge effects that species display, suggesting that patch area effects (fish density varying with patch size) could be caused by edge effects.
Food availability and predation are mechanisms commonly used to explain edge effect patterns. Gut analysis was done on Stigmatopora nigra sampled at the edge and middle of patches to determine if prey consumption varied between positions, and explain S. nigra distribution. There was little difference in prey consumed by S. nigra at the edge and middle of patches, suggesting that food was unlikely to be causing S. nigra edge effects, or that the influence of prey distribution was being masked by other factors such as seagrass structure. Predator abundances and foraging efficiency may vary at the edge and middle of patches, and consequently influence the distribution of prey fish within patches. Underwater videos were placed at four positions within seagrass habitats to assess predator distributions. Predatory Australian salmon, Arripis spp., spend more time over adjacent sand than other positions, while small potential prey species (King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctata, recruits) appear to prefer the middle of seagrass patches, possibly to avoid encounters with salmon. To test if the predator-prey distributions reflected actual predation pressure, a tethering experiment was done to determine if predation was causing edge effects in small fishes.
King George whiting recruits and pipefish (Stigmatopora spp.) were tethered at each of the four positions at different depths. Survival time of whiting recruits was greater in the middle of shallow seagrass patches than other positions. Few pipefish were preyed upon, and survival time was lower over sand adjacent to seagrass than at the seagrass edge or middle. Video footage revealed that salmon was the dominant predator of both whiting recruits and pipefish. The distribution of predators and associated predation can explain edge effects for some species (whiting) but other mechanisms, or a combination of mechanisms, are determining edge effects for other species (pipefish).
Edge effects were common amongst fish species in seagrass habitats, and included permanent, temporary and predatory species. Patch size was found to influence the extent of the edge effect. There was little evidence to support prey consumption as an underlying mechanism causing higher fish abundances at the interior or edge of patches, however there was evidence that predation could be causing edge effects. Changes in fish distributions within seagrass patches due to patch size and predation when seagrass undergoes fragmentation need to be considered by not only ecologists, but also by managers in the development of plans for seagrass conservation. Future studies should investigate the relative contribution of different edge characteristics in determining the degree of seagrass edge effects.
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Bité, Juanita Saulé. "The ecology and demography of the introduced macroalga Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17923/.
Full textAbstract:
Information from this thesis provides a critical understanding of the environmental
factors that influence the growth and reproduction of different life stages of Undaria
pinnatifida in Port Phillip Bay. Such information is important towards understanding
the potential spread of this invasive species and may provide insight into methods that
can be used to limit its expansion in southern Australian waters.
In 1996 Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar (Laminariales: Phaeophyta) was found
growing in coastal waters of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Undaria pinnatifida
is an opportunistic colonizer capable of high rates of reproduction and fast growth
rates producing high density populations. It is the dominant macroalgal species at the
site of invasion during winter and spring and has the potential for further spread from
its current distribution in the northern part of Port Phillip Bay. This is the first in Australia examining the effects of temperature, nitrogen concentration, photon flux
density and photoperiod on germination of zoospores, gametophyte growth and
reproduction of U. pinnatifida in culture. Information on its recruitment, growth and
reproductive capacity in the field is also presented for the first time for a population Australia.
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Grigg, Nicola Jane. "Benthic Bulldozers and Pumps: Laboratory and Modelling Studies of Bioturbation and Bioirrigation." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47121.
Full textAbstract:
Aquatic sediments are the recipients of a continual rain of organic debris from the water column. The decomposition reactions within the sediment and the rates of material exchange between the sediment and water column are critically moderated by the transport processes within the sediment. The sediment and solute movement induced by burrowing animals – bioturbation and bioirrigation – far exceed abiotic transport processes such as sedimentation burial and molecular diffusion. Thalassinidean shrimp are particularly abundant burrowing animals. Living in high density populations along coastlines around the world, these shrimp build complex burrow networks which they actively maintain and irrigate.¶ I used a laser scanner to map thalassinidean shrimp mound formation. These experiments measured rapid two-way exchange between the sediment and depth. Subduction from the sediment surface proved to be just as important as sediment expulsion from depth, yet this is not detected by conventional direct entrapment techniques. The experiments demonstrated that a daily sampling frequency was needed to capture the extent of the two-way exchange.¶ ...
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Bunce, Ashley. "Population dynamics of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria; competition with fisheries and the potential use of seabirds in managing marine resources." 2000. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2843.
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Increasing exploitation of pelagic fish populations worldwide has often resulted in overfishing and the collapse of commercial fisheries and associated serious declines in many marine predator populations, including seabirds. These events highlight the competing demands for limited marine resources. Recent emphasis for the ecologically sustainable management of commercial fisheries has stimulated attempts to manage fisheries by incorporating knowledge of trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning, known as ecosystem-based fisheries management. Seabirds are often highly visible, wide-ranging upper trophic level consumers that aggregate in areas of increased ocean productivity and therefore be used as natural monitors of marine environmental conditions. Further, many seabirds commonly fed on commercially-exploited fish stocks (often targeting prey of similar size). In this study, the population dynamics of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, is investigated and competition between gannets and commercial fisheries is determined. In addition, the potential use of seabird reproductive and population parameters as indicators of the abundance of commercially exploited fish stocks, and pelagic conditions generally, is assessed.
Books on the topic "Narrm (Port Phillip Bay)"
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Lewis, Raymond V. Bayside beaches of Port Phillip: Port Melbourne to Portsea. South Yarra, Vic: Greypath Press, 2007.
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McCrae, George Gordon. Recollections of Melbourne and Port Phillip Bay in the Early Forties. Adelaide: Sullivan's Cove, 1987.
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Matenson, Winsome E. Sullivan Bay and beyond: A short history of two port Phillip Bay first fleeters and some of their descendants. [North Balwyn, Vic., Australia: W. E. Matenson, 1988.
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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. Port of Melbourne channel deepening project: Achievement of objectives. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2012.
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Victoria. Office of the Auditor-General. The Channel Deepening Project. Melbourne, Vic: Victorian Government Printer, 2009.
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Harris, G. P. Letters of G.P. Harris, 1803-1812: Deputy Surveyor-General of New South Wales at Sullivan Bay, Port Phillip and Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land. Sorrento, Vic: Arden Press, 1993.
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Barbara, Hamilton-Arnold, ed. Letters and papers of G.P. Harris, 1803-1812: Deputy Surveyor-General of New South Wales at Sullivan Bay, Port Phillip, and Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land. Sorrento, Vic: Arden Press, 1994.
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9
P, Harris Graham, and CSIRO (Australia), eds. Port Phillip Bay environmental study: Final report. Dickson, Australia: CSIRO, 1996.
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1960-, Hewitt Chad LeRoy, Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (Australia), and CSIRO Marine Laboratories, eds. Marine biological invasions of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Hobart, Tasmania: CSIRO Marine Research, 1999.
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1
Sampson, Joe, Alan Easton, and Manmohan Singh. "Port Phillip Bay." In Estuaries of the World, 49–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7019-5_4.
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Bird, Eric, and Peter Cullen. "Recreational uses and problems of Port Phillip Bay, Australia." In The GeoJournal Library, 39–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2391-1_3.
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"Victoria: Port Phillip Bay (Point Lonsdale to Point Nepean)." In Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, 1337–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_236.
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