Academic literature on the topic 'Narrow row production systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Narrow row production systems"
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Macák, M., M. Žitňák, and L. Nozdrovický. "Using satellite navigation for seeding of wide-row and narrow-row crops ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S7—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2011-rae.
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The present paper is aimed at the use of satellite navigation of field machinery during seeding, this operation belonging to the most important field practises. Our attention was focused on the determination of the accuracy of the satellite navigation system based on using the correction signal real-time kinematic and its correct application for planting a wide-row crop (sunflower) and seeding a narrow-row crop (spring barley). The aim of the field experiment was also to specify the level of the necessary accuracy of satellite navigation systems during planting and seeding. The length of seeding/planting equipment was confronted with the accuracy of navigation of individual passes, especially when turning on the headlands. In the conclusion, the importance is highlighted of the automated tractor headland control during satellite navigation of combined field machines in the crop production.
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Jahedi, M. B., F. Vazin, and M. R. Ramezani. "EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON THE YIELD OF COTTON CULTIVARS." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0101-y.
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ABSTRACT Modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with herbicide resistance have rejuvenated an interest in narrow row cotton production, primarily because of the reduction of weed control problems encountered in the past with narrow row systems. While the primary goal of narrow row cotton is to reduce production costs, an agronomic and physiological evaluation of this cropping system is also needed. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of using modern cotton cultivars in narrow rows (30 cm) for cotton production in the Gonabad and to assess the effect of these various systems on cotton growth, lint yield, and fiber quality. Plant height, sympodia and total bolls per plant were reduced in cotton grown in narrow row spacing. In most cases, cotton grown in narrow rows had lint yields equal to or higher than those attained in the 70 cm spacing. modern cultivars in narrow row cotton production did not improve lint yield. No conclusions could be made regarding the impact of plant stature on lint yield. Row spacing had little impact on fiber quality narrow row cotton appeared to be a viable agronomic cotton production practice for the Gonabad compared with conventionally - grown cotton based upon lint yield and fiber quality.
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Balkcom, Kipling S., Francisco J. Arriaga, Kris B. Balkcom, and Deborah L. Boykin. "Single- and Twin-Row Peanut Production within Narrow and Wide Strip Tillage Systems." Agronomy Journal 102, no. 2 (March 2010): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0334.
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Brodrick, Rose, Michael P. Bange, Stephen P. Milroy, and Graeme L. Hammer. "Yield and Maturity of Ultra-Narrow Row Cotton in High Input Production Systems." Agronomy Journal 102, no. 3 (May 2010): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0473.
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Krutz, L. J., M. A. Locke, R. W. Steinriede, K. N. Reddy, L. Libous-Bailey, and I. C. Burke. "Water, sediment, and metolachlor transport differences between wide- and narrow-row cotton production systems." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.67.1.8.
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Borghi, Émerson, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Adriano Stephan Nascente, Gustavo Pavan Mateus, Priscila Oliveira Martins, and Ciniro Costa. "Effects of row spacing and intercrop on maize grain yield and forage production of palisade grass." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 12 (2012): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12344.
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Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) with perennial forage, such as palisade grass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich) Stapf], provides large amounts of biomass that can be used as straw for no-tillage systems or as pasture for animal grazing. In addition, the use of narrow row spacing may increase maize grain yield. However, it is important to evaluate intercrops at different row spacing to avoid reductions in both maize and forage biomass production. The objectives of this field experiment during two growing seasons in Brazil were as follows: (1) to evaluate the influence of intercropping and row spacing on maize yield, leaf nutrient concentration, and plant population and development; and (2) to assess the influence of row spacing on palisade grass herbage mass and leaf nutrient concentration. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with eight replications. The treatments comprised two row spacing distances (0.45 and 0.90 m) and two crop management types (maize monoculture and intercropped with palisade grass). The nutrient concentrations in the leaves of the maize plants were in the ideal range for this crop under all conditions studied. Plant height, height of first ear, and number of grains per ear were higher with the narrow row spacing. Maize grain yield was similar in both crop management types (10 301 and 9745 kg ha–1 for monoculture maize and intercropped, respectively). However, maize grain yield at the narrow row spacing was higher than that obtained with the wide row spacing (9948 v. 8905 kg ha–1). In contrast, row spacing did not affect the nutrient level or quality (crude protein concentration) of palisade grass. The amount of dry matter (DM) from palisade grass was lower at maize harvesting (4.7 Mg ha–1) and 90 days after harvesting (6.9 Mg ha–1) under narrow spacing. However, the amount of DM was similar at both row spacings at 120 days after maize harvesting (9.2 Mg ha–1). When there is no problem with water and nutrient availability, the use of maize and palisade grass intercropping under both row spacing conditions (0.45 and 0.90 m) provides an option for the production of forage DM without reducing the maize grain yield.
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RAHMAN, TANZEELUR, LIN YE, XIN LIU, NASIR IQBAL, JUNBO DU, RENCAI GAO, WEIGUO LIU, FENG YANG, and WENYU YANG. "WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT PLANTING PATTERNS IN MAIZE–SOYBEAN RELAY STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 2 (May 2, 2016): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000260.
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SUMMARYUnderstanding crop water use in mixed crops over sole cropping is vital for developing optimum water management systems for crop production. In this study, a two-year field experiment with typical maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercropping (2:2 maize-to-soybean rows; 200 cm bandwidth) was carried out in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The quantitative effects of various planting patterns on the water-use efficiency (WUE) and water distribution were investigated. Our results indicated that soil volumetric water content and soil evaporation in the intercropping systems showed decreasing trends in the order: maize row (MM) < maize-to-soybean row (MS) < soybean row (SS). The highest leaf transpiration (1.91 and 2.07 mmol m−2 s−1) for the intercropped maize was measured in each of the two years in the 20 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern and decreased thereafter. Opposite trend was observed for the intercropped soybean; the highest soybean leaf transpiration (7.01 and 6.80 mmol m−2 s−1 for 2013 and 2014, respectively) was recorded in the 70 cm. The WUE of maize and soybean intercrops was lower than that of sole crop counterparts. However, the maximum group water use efficiency (GWUE) of 26.08 and 26.20 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the 40–50 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern was, respectively, 39.6% and 23% higher compared with that of sole crops. The water equivalent ratio (WER) values ranged from 1.60–1.79, suggesting better crop water use in the intercrops over sole cropping. Planting patterns provided by 40–50 cm maize narrow-row spacing were considered the most efficient in terms of maximum total yields, GWUE and WER. These results suggest that an appropriate reduction in the spacing of narrow maize row with wide soybean row could be an efficient crop management method to achieve optimal WUE and homogeneous water distribution in maize–soybean intercropping systems.
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Acciares, H. A., and M. S. Zuluaga. "Effect of plant row spacing and herbicide use on weed aboveground biomass and corn grain yield." Planta Daninha 24, no. 2 (June 2006): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582006000200011.
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The use of narrow plant spacing in corn (Zea mays) has been suggested as a technological alternative to obtain grain yield increases, due to a better use of resources. The regular pattern could diminish intraspecific competition while favoring interspecific competition with weeds. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of corn row spacing on weed aboveground biomass and corn grain yield. Field experiments were conducted during 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. Three corn hybrids with two-row width (0.70 and 0.35 m) were tested. A greater photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception with a lower weed aboveground dry matter in narrow row arrangement was obtained. Corn grain yield was greater in the narrow row arrangement than in the wide row spacing. This increase in grain yield was related to a better resource use that allows for a reduced interspecific competition. The use of reduced spatial arrangement appeared to be an interesting alternative to increase both the grain yield potential and corn suppressive ability against weeds in corn dryland production systems.
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DARAWSHEH, Mohammed K., Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Ioannis ROUSSIS, and Dimitrios J. BILALIS. "Cotton Response to Planting Patterns under Effect of Typical and Limited Irrigation Regime." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 1206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411712.
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Decrease of width between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) row spacing has been suggested as an agronomic practice that may increase the yield and reduce the cost production. Altering agronomic practices as row spacing system as well as irrigation regime can affect cotton growth parameters, yield components, and physical fiber properties. The object of this study is the assessment of interaction between row spacing cropping systems and irrigation regime and their effects on yield components. Yield, biomass, harvest index, seed index, seed weight, bolls number, individual boll weight, the proportion of lint and seed were studied in three row spacing systems [conventional row (CR), narrow row (NR) and ultra-narrow row (UNR)] under typical and limited irrigation regime, during two growing seasons. The decrease of row spacing had different effect on yield components under the typical and limited irrigation regime e.g. the differences between systems of row spacing on bolls number were more evident under the limited irrigation than the typical one, and the opposite was true for the lint proportion. Decreased row spacing had positive effects on yield, biomass, bolls number per land area and lint proportion in two irrigation systems. However, had negative impact on individual boll weight, seed weight, seed index, harvest index and seed proportion. Interaction of row spacing and irrigation regime was significant for seed index. High differences were more significant between UNR and CR and less between NR and CR. UNR system appeared to be viable alternative to traditional row system for cotton production.
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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Johnson, W. Carroll, and Benjamin G. Mullinix. "Potential Weed Management Systems for Organic Peanut Production." Peanut Science 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps01-007.1.
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Abstract Studies were conducted near Tifton, GA to develop weed management systems for organic peanut production. Trials in 2004 and 2005 evaluated row patterns (two levels), remedial weed control (four levels), and cultivation (three levels). Row patterns were wide rows (91 cm apart) and narrow rows (30 cm apart). Remedial weed control was early-season applications of clove oil, citric plus acetic acid, broadcast propane flaming, and a nontreated control. Cultivation regimes were 1X or 2X sweep cultivation and a non-cultivated control. The experimental sites had heavy natural infestations of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. None of the treatment combinations effectively controlled weeds season-long and resulting peanut yields were poor. Annual grasses were particularly troublesome due to ineffective control from flaming and citric plus acetic acid. Clove oil was slightly more effective in controlling annual grasses than the other remedial treatments, but annual grass control was still unacceptable. Dicot weeds were not effectively controlled by mid-season, although clove oil and flaming controlled the seedling weeds early season. The lack of residual weed control by the remedial weed control treatments resulted in heavy weed infestations by mid-season. Poor control of annual grasses, no residual weed control, and high cost of remedial treatments indicates that these systems of weed management in organic peanut production are not suited to sites with heavy weed infestations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Narrow row production systems"
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Husman, Stephen H., William B. McCloskey, Kyrene White, Jeffrey Hamilton, Patrick Clay, Randy Norton, Eric Norton, and Mohammed Zerkoune. "Comparison of Twin and Single Line Cotton Production Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198152.
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Twin line (two seed lines 7.25 in apart per bed) and conventional single seed line per bed cotton production systems were compared at 18 sites across Arizona and the Palo Verde Valley near Blythe, Ca. in 2002 and 9 sites in 2003. Three experiments at the Chaffin site in 2002 compared twin line plant populations of 57,000 (57K), 75,000 (75K), and 90,000 (90K) plants per acre (ppa). In 2002, the twin line system produced more lint than the conventional single line system at 4 of 18 locations; the yields of the twin line and single line systems were 1273 and 1186 lb/acre, 1572 and 1461 lb/acre, 1478 and 1290 lb/acre, and 1309 and 1210 lb/acre, respectively, at the Grasty, Ramona, Rovey, and Wells sites, respectively. In 2003, none of the experiments resulted in higher twin line system lint yields. In 2002, there were no significant differences in yield or fiber micronaire in 7 of the 18 experiments. In 2003, there were no significant differences in yield in 3 of the 9 experiments. In 2002, the twin line system produced less lint than the conventional system at 5 of 18 locations; yields of the twin line and single line systems were 2019 and 2189 lb/acre, 1400 and 1489 lb/acre, 1537 and 1845 lb/acre, 1065 and 1200 lb/acre, and 1271 and 1431 lb/acre, respectively, at the Chaffin (75K), Cooley, Hull, Papago, and Wakimoto sites, respectively. In 2003, the twin line system resulted in less yield in 6 of the 9 experiments; yields of the twin line and single line systems were 1154 and 1285 lb./acre, 1906 and 2109 lb./acre, 1797 and 1938 lb./acre, 878 and 1114 lb./acre, 726 and 821 lb./acre, and 1230 and 1404 lb./acre, respectively, at the Hull, Marlatt 1, 2,, 3, Murphy Late Plant, and the University of Arizona (UA) Marana Agricultural Center sites respectively. In 2002, fiber micronaire was reduced in five experiments; the micronaire values were 4.25 and 4.73, 4.46 and 4.78, 4.60 and 4.85, 4.76 and 4.98, and 4.93 and 5.15, in the twin line and single line systems, respectively, at the Rogers, Papago, Grasty, Hull, and Perry sites, respectively. In 2003, there were no significant differences in fiber micronaire at all 9 test locations. In 2003, visual observations suggested that the spindle pickers were unable to effectively harvest bolls the lowest bolls primarily below the cross-over point of the two2 mainstems cross in the twin line system. Hand harvest comparisons of the twin and single line system resulted in yields of 1776 and 1661 lb./acre respectively, a 6% difference at the Maricopa Agricultural Center. It was concluded that tThe inability to effectively harvest the twin line cotton is the most significant system problem with this production system.
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Husman, Stephen H., William B. McCloskey, and Kyrene White. "Plant Population Effects on Twin Line Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198131.
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Three experiments at the University of Arizona Maricopa and Marana Agricultural Centers in 2002 and 2003 measured effect of plant populations on the yield of cotton planted in the twin seed-line per bed configuration. In 2002 at the Maricopa Ag. Center, the plant populations were 52800, 69200, 82800 and 96200 plants per acre (PPA) for Stoneville 4892BR and 54800, 70800, 90500 and 104500 PPA for AG3601, respectively. The two lowest plant populations which were in the range of common commercial plant densities resulted in the greatest lint yields for both varieties (an average of 1708 and 1287 lb lint/A for ST4892BR and AG3601, respectively) but there was a significant linear decrease in yield with increasing plant population. In 2003, the cotton variety Delta Pine 449BR was planted and the population densities were 22000, 29000, 36000, 46000, 51000, 61000, and 64,000 PPA at the Marana Ag. Center and 24000, 34000, 41000, 56000, 63000, 71000, and 86,000 PPA at the Maricopa Ag. Center. Cotton yield did not vary significantly as a function of population density at Maricopa and averaged 1526 lb lint/A. At Marana there was a slight trend of increasing yield with increasing plant densities with the three highest plant populations averaging 1385 lb lint/A. In the experiments with ST4892BR and AG3601 at Maricopa in 2002 and with DP449BR in 2003 there was a linear decrease in fiber micronaire with increasing density but this effect of density on micronaire was not observed possibly because plant populations Marana were lower than in the other experiments.
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Norton, E. R., L. J. Clark, E. W. Carpenter, S. H. Husman, W. M. McCloskey, and P. Clay. "Evaluation of a Twin-Line Cotton Production System in Graham County." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197705.
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A single field study was established in 2001 at the Safford Agricultural Center to evaluate a twin-line cotton production system. This location was part of a larger, statewide program conducted in 2001. This location consisted of two separate planting dates (PD) in which two separate planting systems were used. Results from this location indicated trends in yield increases with the twin-line production system when compared to the single or conventional production system. Lint yield increases of approximately 200 lbs. lint/acre were observed on the second PD. Lower yields were observed in the twin-line planting with the first PD which was in part due to poor seed placement with the equipment used to plant the twin-line on the first PD. Results indicate the potential for increased yield with the twin-line production system with the caveat that the proper equipment be used to plant the twin-line system to ensure precise and consistent seed placement and spacing.
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Husman, S. H., W. B. McCloskey, T. Teegerstrom, P. Clay, R. Norton, and K. White. "Yield, Quality, and Economic Comparison of Single and Double Seed Line Per Bed Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197719.
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Three experiments were conducted in Maricopa, Marana, and Glendale, Arizona in 2001 to measure cotton growth, yield, micronaire, and production costs in single and double seed line per bed systems on 32 and 40 inch beds. Canopy development was faster and canopy closure was greater in the double seed line than in the single seed line systems and was greater in the 32 inch than in the 40 inch row systems. At Maricopa, the single line 32 inch system yield of 1571 lbs./A was significantly greater than the yields of the other seed line/row spacing systems. The yields of the single line 40 and the double line 32 inch systems were not significantly different at 1476 and 1411 lbs. of lint/A, respectively, and the yields of the double line 32 and the double line 40 inch systems also were not significantly different at 1411 and 1396 lbs. of lint/A, respectively. There were no significant lint yield differences at the Marana or Glendale location. At Marana, the lint yields were 1063 and 1066 lbs./A for the single and double seed line 40 inch row spacing systems, respectively. At Glendale, the single and double seed line 38 inch row spacing systems yielded 1474 and 1551 lbs. of lint/A, respectively. In all 2001 experiments, there was a trend for reduced micronaire in the double seed line per bed systems compared to the single seed line per bed systems. At Maricopa, the average micronaire was 5.0 and 4.7 for the single and double seed line per bed 32 inch row system, respectively, and 5.2 and 4.9 for the single and double seed line per bed 40 inch row systems, respectively. At Marana, the micronaire was 4.7 and 4.5 for the single and double seed line per bed 40 inch row systems, respectively. At Glendale, the micronaire was 5.1 and 4.6 for the single and double seed line per bed 38 inch row systems, respectively. Production costs were similar for the single and double seed line per bed systems. Additional research will be conducted in 2002 to determine the optimum plant populations and in-row plant spacings for double seed line per bed production systems.
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Knowles, Tim C., and Roc Cramer. "Narrow Row Cotton Production in Vicksberg." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197038.
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Deltapine 458B/RR, Deltapine 5415RR, Deltapine 20B, and Deltapine 20 cotton varieties were planted on June 5 into narrow 15 inch wide rows. Populations ranged from 80,000 to 100,000 plants per acre. Seed cotton was stripper harvested on December 17. Although lint yields were somewhat low (1- 2 bale/acre) for this late planted cotton, we learned several important practices for effective narrow row cotton production systems, based on our first years experience in western Arizona.
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Clay, P. A., L. D. Isom, W. B. McCloskey, and S. H. Husman. "Evaluation of Commerical Ultra Narrow Cotton Production in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197521.
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Seven commercial ultra narrow row (UNR) cotton fields were monitored on a weekly basis in Maricopa County, AZ in 1999. Varieties of Delta Pine and Sure Grow were planted from April 15 to June 1 and reached cut-out after accumulating 1913 to 2327 heat units after planting. Average yield for UNR cotton was 2.1 bales per acre which was 0.4 bales per acre lower than the five year average for cotton planted on conventional row spacings. Fiber quality from gin records for 801 bales had average micronaire readings of 4.54 and grades of 11 and 21 for 74% of bales. Discounts for extraneous matter (bark, grass, and cracked seed) was 5.4% and average strength (34.8) and staple lengths (27.12) were in acceptable ranges. Total cash costs ranged from $450 to $705.
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Husman, S. H., W. B. McCloskey, T. Teegerstrom, and P. A. Clay. "Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Production in Arizona in 1999." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197449.
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An experiment was conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, Arizona in 1999 to compare and evaluate agronomic and economic differences between Ultra Narrow Row (UNR) and conventional cotton row spacing systems with respect to yield, fiber quality, earliness potential, plant growth and development, and production costs. Row spacing was 10 and 40 inches for the UNR and conventional systems, respectively. Two varieties were evaluated within each row spacing, Sure Grow 747 (SG 747) and Delta Pine 429RR (DP 429RR). Lygus populations were extremely high in the Maricopa, Arizona region in 1999 which resulted in poor fruit retention from early through mid-season. As a result of poor boll load through mid-season, the UNR plots were irrigated and grown later into the season than desired along with the conventional cotton in order to set and develop a later season boll load. The mean lint yield averaged across row spacing was significantly greater (P=0.05) in the UNR row spacing at 1334 lb/A than for the conventional row spacing at 1213 lb/A. SG 747 produced 1426 and 1337lb/A of lint in the UNR and conventional systems, respectively. DP 429RR produced 1242 and 1089 lb/A of lint in the UNR and conventional systems respectively. Fiber grades were all 21 or 31 in both UNR and conventional systems. Micronaire was 4.9 or less in both varieties within the UNR system. Micronaire was high at 5.3 in the conventionally produced SG 747 resulting in discount but was acceptable at 4.7 in the conventionally produced DP 429RR. Length and strength measurements met base standards in all cotton variety and row spacing combinations. Neither the conventional or the UNR cotton production systems were profitable due primarily to high chemical insect control costs and early season boll loss. However, UNR production costs were lower by $0.09 per pound than in the conventional system on a cash cost basis and $0.14 per pound lower when considering total costs including variable and ownership costs.
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Husman, S. H., W. B. McCloskey, T. Teegerstrom, P. A. Clay, and R. J. Wegener. "Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Ultra Narrow Row Cotton Production in Arizona 1999-2000." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/211303.
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Ultra Narrow Row (UNR) and conventional (CNV) cotton production systems were compared with respect to agronomic practices, yield, fiber quality, and production costs in experiments conducted in 1999 and 2000 in central Arizona. Cotton rows were 10 and 40 inches apart in the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. In 1999, the average lint yield in the UNR system, 1334 lb/A, was significantly greater than the 1213 lb/A yield of the CNV system. Similar results were obtained in 2000 with yields of 1472 and 1439 lb/A for the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. Fiber grades of both systems were comparable with most bales receiving a grade of 21 in 1999. The average bale grades in 2000 were 11 and 21 in the UNR and CNV systems, respectively. The quality of the fiber produced in both systems was also comparable with staple and strength measurements meeting base standards in both years. However, there was a consistent difference between the UNR and CNV systems in both years with respect to micronaire. Micronaire averaged 4.5 and 4.0 in the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and 5.0 and 4.9 in the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Variable growing costs were $607 and $446 for the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and $660 and $519 for the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Harvest and post-harvest variable costs were $234 and $209 in the UNR system in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and $217 and $224 in the CNV system in 1999 and 2000, respectively. The economic data indicated that the UNR system reduced production costs and increased profitability without sacrificing lint yield or quality. However, these experiments also indicated that many production challenges such as planting and obtaining adequate plant populations, managing plant height control, and weed control need further study.
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Poulsen, Tyson T. "Evaluation of Row Patterns for Mid-South Corn Production Systems." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843500.
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Row patterns affected irrigated corn productivity when grown in the Mid-South region of the United States. Narrow (76 cm) row spacing increased grain yield 8% when compared to traditional wide (96-102 cm) row spacing. Twin rows (20-25 cm spacing) in a wide (96-102 cm) row pattern, produced similar grain yield as a traditional wide single row. At a normal plant density of 79,040 ha -1, traditional wide rows yielded 10.51 Mg ha-1, twin wide rows yielded 10.34 Mg ha-1, and the narrow rows yielded 11.33 Mg ha-1. Growing corn at various plant densities did not affect corn grain yield response to various row patterns. As a comparison the traditional wide rows and twin rows were similar in their yield, and the narrow rows performed better. Corn grain yields for the traditional 96-102 cm wide single rows were 11.20 Mg ha-1, wide 96-102 cm twin rows yielded 11.22 Mg ha-1, and narrow 76 cm rows produced 12.07 Mg ha-1. Row pattern had no effect on corn plant height, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf area index (LAI), SPAD, stalk diameter, and plant lodging in either study.
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Katroschan, Kai-Uwe [Verfasser]. "Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as nitrogen source in organic vegetable production systems / Kai-Uwe Katroschan." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013289676/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Narrow row production systems"
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Buehring, Normie. Nonirrigated spindle picker 15-inch and wide-row cotton production systems analysis. [Mississippi?]: Office of Agricultural Communications, Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 2009.
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Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 5 chapters that presents a simple, straightforward discussion of the principles and processes involved in the production of grain yield by agronomic crops, and how these processes underlie and influence management decisions. The focus is on grain crops, principally maize and soybean, although the general principles apply equally well to cereals, grain legumes and oil crops. Management decisions define all cropping systems - what (crop species, variety), where (climate), when (planting date), and how (row spacing and population density) are the fundamental choices. Knowledge of the fundamental processes responsible for plant growth and the accumulation of yield simplifies the decision-making process and leads to improved management decisions, higher grain yields, and cropping systems that are efficient, resilient and sustainable. The contents include basic plant growth processes (e.g. photosynthesis, respiration, evapotranspiration); growth and production of yield; crop management (seed quality, variety selection, planting date, row spacing); and crop production in the future (climate change, GMOs, precision agriculture and new crops). This books is intended for researchers in crop science, agronomy and plant science, and crop production practitioners. This book will enable readers to make better, more informed management decisions; decisions that will help maintain a well-fed world in the future.
Book chapters on the topic "Narrow row production systems"
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Grunwald, L. C., T. Meinel, N. A. Kozhanov, N. V. Rudev, and V. I. Belyaev. "Perspectives for a Sustainable Production of Row Crops in Systems of Minimised Tillage—A Special Focus on Sunflower Cropping in Western Siberia." In KULUNDA: Climate Smart Agriculture, 367–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15927-6_27.
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Egli, Dennis B. "Crop management: principles and practices." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 89–123. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses planting-seed quality, variety selection, plant population, planting date and row spacing. The goal of crop management is to create the perfect environment for the growth of the crop, where the perfect environment is characterized by the absence of stress or other factors that reduce crop growth and yield. This goal may be impossible or uneconomical to achieve, but that does not detract from its usefulness as a goal. The management practices discussed in this chapter are fundamental components of grain production systems that contribute to reaching the goal of the perfect environment. There are many management options available to an individual producer; selecting the best combination is not always easy and it may be constrained by factors outside the realm of the physiological processes controlling crop yield.
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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.
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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.
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Amoretti, Francesco. "Community of Production." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 224–29. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch031.
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There is no universal agreement regarding the meaning of the term “social software.” Clay Shirky, in his classic speech “A Group is its Own Worst Enemy,” defined social software as “software that supports group interaction” (Shirky, 2003). In this speech, this scholar of digital culture also observed that this was a “fundamentally unsatisfying definition in many ways, because it doesn’t point to a specific class of technology.” The example offered by Shirky, illustrating the difficulties of this definition, was electronic mail, an instrument that could be used in order to build social groups on the Net, but also to implement traditional forms of communication such as broadcasting, or noncommunicative acts such as spamming. In his effort to underline the social dimension of this phenomenon, rather than its purely technological aspects, Shirky decided to maintain his original proposal, and this enables scholars engaged in the analysis of virtual communities to maintain a broad definition of social software. Heterogeneous technologies, such as instant messaging, peer-to-peer, and even online multigaming have been brought under the same conceptual umbrella of social software, exposing this to a real risk of inflation. In a debate mainly based on the Web, journalists and experts of the new media have come to define social software as software that enables group interaction, without specifying user behaviour in detail. This approach has achieved popularity at the same pace as the broader epistemological interest in so-called emergent systems, those that, from basic rules develop complex behaviours not foreseen by the source code (Johnson, 2002). This definition may be more useful in preserving the specific character of social software, on the condition that we specify this carefully. If we include emergent behaviour, regardless of which Web technologies enter into our definition of social software, we will once again arrive at a definition that includes both everything and nothing. Emergence is not to be sought in the completed product, that may be unanticipated but is at least well-defined at the end of the productive cycle, but rather resides in the relationship between the product, understood as a contingent event, and the whole process of its production and reproduction. A peculiar characteristic of social software is that, while allowing a high level of social interaction on the basis of few rules, it enables the immediate re-elaboration of products in further collective cycles of production. In other words, social software is a means of production whose product is intrinsically a factor of production. Combining hardware structures and algorithmic routines with the labour of its users, a social software platform operates as a means of production of knowledge goods, and cognitive capital constitutes the input as well as the output of the process. If a hardware-software system is a means of production of digital goods, social software represents the means by which those products are automatically reintroduced into indefinitely-reiterated productive cycles. This specification allows us to narrow down the area of social software to particular kinds of programmes (excluding, by definition, instant messaging, peer-topeer, e-mail, multiplayer video games, etc.) and to focus the analysis on generative interaction processes that distinguish social software from general network software. Moreover, following this definition, it is possible to operate a deeper analysis of this phenomenon, introducing topics such as the property of hosting servers, the elaboration of rules and routines that consent reiterated cycle of production, and the relationships between actors within productive processes.
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Shukla, Rishabh, Ravikiran Anapagaddi, Amarendra K. Singh, Janet K. Allen, Jitesh H. Panchal, and Farrokh Mistree. "Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for Determining the Set Points of Unit Operations for Production of a Steel Product Mix." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 163–91. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0290-6.ch006.
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Manufacturing a steel product mix (bar, rod, sheet) involves a series of unit operations - primary steel making, secondary steel making (ladle refining and tundish operation), continuous casting, reheating, rolling and annealing. The properties of the final product depend significantly on how each unit operation is carried out. Each unit operation must be operated to meet the requirements of the subsequent operations. The requirements imposed on a particular unit operation are often conflicting and compromises must be made. Also, there is high degree of uncertainty in the operating parameters of each unit operation, which may lead to considerable deviations from the anticipated performance. To ensure that the final quality specifications of the product is not sacrificed and the customer requirements are met, it is essential to manage the conflict and uncertainty involved in each unit operation of the manufacturing process. In this chapter, we illustrate the use of compromise Decision Support Problem (cDSP) construct and ternary plots to overcome the challenges involved in one of the unit operations, namely, the tundish. The construct can be instantiated for other unit operations to cover the entire manufacturing cycle. Exploring the effects of system variables for each process step through experiments and plant trials is time consuming and very costly. The proposed method allows for faster design exploration of the process and thereby provides a reduced search space to a process designer. The process designer, with reduced experimentation requirements, can explore the narrowed search space to find the operating set points for a tundish. This, in turn, reduces the time and cost involved in production of a steel product mix with a new grade of steel in industry.
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Shukla, Rishabh, Ravikiran Anapagaddi, Amarendra K. Singh, Janet K. Allen, Jitesh H. Panchal, and Farrokh Mistree. "Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for Determining the Set Points of Unit Operations for Production of a Steel Product Mix." In Materials Science and Engineering, 675–704. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch027.
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Manufacturing a steel product mix (bar, rod, sheet) involves a series of unit operations - primary steel making, secondary steel making (ladle refining and tundish operation), continuous casting, reheating, rolling and annealing. The properties of the final product depend significantly on how each unit operation is carried out. Each unit operation must be operated to meet the requirements of the subsequent operations. The requirements imposed on a particular unit operation are often conflicting and compromises must be made. Also, there is high degree of uncertainty in the operating parameters of each unit operation, which may lead to considerable deviations from the anticipated performance. To ensure that the final quality specifications of the product is not sacrificed and the customer requirements are met, it is essential to manage the conflict and uncertainty involved in each unit operation of the manufacturing process. In this chapter, we illustrate the use of compromise Decision Support Problem (cDSP) construct and ternary plots to overcome the challenges involved in one of the unit operations, namely, the tundish. The construct can be instantiated for other unit operations to cover the entire manufacturing cycle. Exploring the effects of system variables for each process step through experiments and plant trials is time consuming and very costly. The proposed method allows for faster design exploration of the process and thereby provides a reduced search space to a process designer. The process designer, with reduced experimentation requirements, can explore the narrowed search space to find the operating set points for a tundish. This, in turn, reduces the time and cost involved in production of a steel product mix with a new grade of steel in industry.
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Génova, Gonzalo, Juan Llorens, and Jorge Morato. "Software Engineering Research." In Research Methodologies, Innovations and Philosophies in Software Systems Engineering and Information Systems, 106–25. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0179-6.ch006.
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The classical scientific method has been settled through the last centuries as a cyclic, iterative process of observation, hypothesis formulation, and confirmation/refutation of hypothesis through experimentation. This “experimental scientific method” was mainly developed in the context of natural sciences dealing with the physical world, such as Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism, Chemistry, and so on. But when trying to apply this classical view of the scientific method to the various branches of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, among which Software Engineering, there are two kinds of obstacles. First, Computer Science is rooted both in formal sciences such as Mathematics and experimental sciences such as Physics, and therefore, an excessive emphasis on the experimental side is not appropriate to give a full account of this kind of scientific activity. Second, the production of software systems has to deal not only with the behavior of complex physical systems such as computers, but also with the behavior of complex human systems (developers interacting with stakeholders, for instance, or users interacting with machines) where educational, cultural, sociological, and economical factors are essential. Therefore, empirical methods in their narrow sense, even though valuable in some respects, are rather limited to understand a reality that exceeds the mere physical world. Moreover, neither formal nor empirical methods can provide a full account of scientific activity, which relies on something that is beyond any established method. Qualitative (i.e. meta-methodical) reasoning plays the directive role in scientific activity. In this chapter, the authors claim that acknowledging a plurality of research methods in software engineering will benefit the advancement of this branch of science.
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Kulz, Christy. "Disciplining Dreamfields Academy: a ‘well-oiled machine’ to combat urban chaos." In Factories for Learning. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526116178.003.0003.
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This chapter examines how Dreamfields’ professed return to more 'traditional' disciplinarian methods involves the deployment of surveillance, coercion, division, and audit to guarantee the consistent production of quantifiable outcomes. This complex of systems does not revert back to the imagined good old days when students respected authority and were proficient in the three R’s, but shows how multiple logics of power are at work on the body to create a narrow, dense web of disciplines. This ‘well-oiled machine’ works to both hold the body in place while also moving and structuring it via classed, raced and gendered neo-liberal norms.
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Dubkov, Michael Victorovich, Evgeniy Rashitovich Muratov, Boris Vasilevich Kostrov, Alexander Anatolich Loginov, Michael Borisovich Nikiforov, Anatoly Ivanovich Novikov, Dmitry Tarasov, and Radovan Stojanovic. "Intense Training of Bachelors." In Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development, 501–14. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3395-5.ch042.
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Long-term practice to employ the university graduates to work in industrial enterprises as well as the analysis of the “adaptation” process of a young specialist to the production process show that during the first two years he has to learn new areas of expertise. Teaching of these disciplines within the frames of main educational program is limited by student workload and is hardly advisable due to the narrow specifics. More detailed preparation is possible for the students enrolled in the university according to the enterprise targeting with the future specialty. The chapter considers in detail target preparation of specialists in technical vision systems for aircraft industrial enterprises. A number of original scientific results received by the authors being used in academic process are given.
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Baxter, Emma M., and Sandra Edwards. "Optimising sow and piglet welfare during farrowing and lactation." In Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of pigs, 121–76. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0081.04.
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Optimising welfare in the farrowing and lactation environment involves resolving the concerns regarding continued use of close confinement systems, such as the farrowing crate for the sows and the lack of provision of environmental enrichment to provide for behavioural needs. For piglets the main welfare and health issues surround high levels of piglet mortality and the pre-disposing risk factors associated with them. Some of these risk factors, such as low birth weight, have been exacerbated by narrow breeding goals focussed on production traits such as increasing litter size. This chapter will concentrate on managerial and environmental interventions that attempt to reconcile the behavioural and physiological needs of both the sow and piglets to optimise their welfare whilst appreciating stockperson concerns with how best to implement them.
Conference papers on the topic "Narrow row production systems"
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Трошина, Лариса, Larisa Troshina, Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО, and Tat'yana YaGOVENKO. "DYNAMICS OF ALKALOID ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION IN NARROW-LEAFED LUPIN." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-26-31.
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The article presents alkaloid accumulation and redistribution in germinative seed of nar-row-leafed lupin as well as the dynamics of alkaloid content in three genotypes of narrow-leafed lupin plants during ontogenesis. Specialties of accumulation of these compounds under different conditions are shown. The stage “beginning of pod formation — maturing” is the most susceptible to temperature changes in vegetation of narrow-leafed lupin.
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Adeola, Olatunji, Kolby Burmaster, Michael Phi, Shaun Arnold, Alexander Robinson, and Jackson Klein. "Drilling Execution and Completion Advancements Continue to Deliver for Guyana." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31230-ms.
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Abstract The ExxonMobil Wells organization, along with Hess Guyana Exploration Limited and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Limited, executed a successful multi-rig campaign to achieve First Oil on the Liza Phase 1 project ahead of schedule, utilizing advanced deepwater completion technologies to deliver highly productive wells. Considering the sizable resource offshore Guyana, strategic partnerships have been established with drilling contractors and other service providers to build economies-of-scale. ExxonMobil's prior global experience is actively being leveraged in rig selection and well design. Standardization, both above and below the rotary, has allowed for increased flexibility on current and future well execution, maintaining optionality to rapidly adjust project pace. A deliberate contracting strategy with established rig providers has also opened access to top tier rigs with reduced procurement timelines, providing flexibility with total rig count and capability. With an integrated team approach focused on simulataneous operations (SIMOPS) mitigation, rig movements have been optimized within the field to prioritize the highest value work and streamline project delivery. Effective schedule integration with multiple drilling rigs and installation vessels has reduced SIMOPS downtime during Phase 1 project execution. Additionally, batch rig operations have allowed the team to capitalize on operational efficiencies. A combination of these factors led to on-time well delivery and helped the project achieve aggressive First Oil milestones. The team has implemented innovative technologies to maximize value and well reliability, including the following: integrated geosteering workflows, with Azimuthal Ultra-Deep Resistivity (AUDR), enabling maximum reservoir penetrations; a suite of low equivalent circulating density (ECD) drilling fluids that enable the drilling of narrow-margin, highly deviated wells; ExxonMobil's patented NAFPac™ openhole gravel pack technology and autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) on stand-alone-screen completions to increase well life and reliability; and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) based tree intervention control systems and ROV actuated suspension valves allowing for offline installation of subsea trees. Additionally, the team implemented the first floating application of the NOVOS™ automated slip-to-slip drilling system. NOVOS™ has been coupled with an automated drilling advisory system (AutoDAS) and data analytics environments for continuous performance improvement. The production wells that were delivered for Liza Phase 1 have highly productive, low-skin completions averaging over 900 m in length and production rates in excess of 30 kbd/well. Advancements in completion technology and efficiency proven on Liza Phase 1 are being extended into Phase 2 development and beyond, providing additional reservoir management capability. Lastly, ExxonMobil's commitment to Guyana extends to its people. Guyanese personnel have benefitted from significant training provided by ExxonMobil and sub-contractors, and Guyanese Nationals represented approximately 40% of the workforce involved in Wells-related activities at the end of 2020.
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Сорокин, Александр, Alexander Sorokin, Елена Исаева, Elena Isaeva, Валентина Руцкая, Valentina Ruckaya, Елена Афонина, et al. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SILO PREPARATION OF LUPIN, FORAGE CROPS AND THEIR MIXTURES." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-91-97.
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Average long-term data of yield, dry matter and row protein content, nutritional value of silage samples made of green mass of single and mixed crops of narrow-leafed lupin BL -78-07, oat (var. Pamyati Bulavina), payza (var. Krasava), Sudan grass (var. Kinel-skaya 100) of different seeding rates are given. Annual data of silo description made of white lupin var. Alyi parus and Sudan grass var. Kinelskaya 100 of single and mixed crops of two sowing date are given too. The feed cost was determined based on calculation of total costs made from technological maps of single and mixed crops cultivation and silo laying under production conditions.
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Terzis, Alexandros, Magali Cochet, Jens von Wolfersdorf, Bernhard Weigand, and Peter Ott. "Detailed Heat Transfer Distributions of Narrow Impingement Channels With Varying Jet Diameter." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25910.
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The development of integrally cast turbine airfoils allows the production of narrow impingement channels in a double-wall configuration, where the coolant is practically injected within the wall of the airfoil providing increased heat transfer capabilities. This study examines the cooling performance of narrow impingement channels with varying jet diameters using a single exit design in an attempt to regulate the generated crossflow. The channel consist of a single row of five inline jets tested at two different channel heights and over a range of Reynolds numbers. Detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions are evaluated over the complete interior surfaces of the channel using the transient liquid crystal technique. Local jet discharge coefficients are determined by probe traversing measurements for each individual jet. A 10%-increasing and a 10%-decreasing jet diameter pattern is compared with a baseline geometry of uniform jet size distribution indicating a considerable effect of varying jet diameter on the heat transfer level and the development of the generated crossflow.
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Ruiz, Ismael A., Rivelino A. Padilla, and Alexis Pagani. "Application of The Technique MPD Using Automated Systems for Non-Conventional Wells Drilling with Narrow Operating Window in the Neuquén Basin." In SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional Resources Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191818-ms.
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Fisher, Andrew, Jiten Kaura, Matthew Kratzer, Ken Oyler, Ron Reutzel, Michael Teoh, Scott Thomassen, and Javier Vives. "Innovative Technologies Deliver Operational Objectives in a Multi-Well, Ultra-Deepwater, Managed Pressure Drilling and Completions Campaign." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206012-ms.
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Abstract The deepwater development field in the western Gulf of Mexico (GoM) presents an array of complex challenges for ultra-deepwater drilling operations. The four well campaign was particularly challenging due to extreme water depths, remote location, well trajectory and a narrow pressure environment, 350-100 kpa (50-150 psi), for extended reservoir laterals. The authors highlight the use of innovative technology employed to drill and complete wells in the western GoM deployment, coupled with the first-ever use of controlled mud level (CML), managed pressure drilling technology in the Gulf of Mexico. The approach of selecting the fluid systems to achieve the objectives and the use of hydraulics modeling software with CML modeling capability in the design, planning and execution phases of the project allowed for fluid design optimization. The results were a successful drilling and completion campaign managing multiple fluids systems and operations on an ultra-deepwater, dual-activity drill ship in water depths more than 8,500 ft (2,591 m). The authors discuss the initial use of a low equivalent circulating density (ECD), flat-rheology synthetic based fluid (SBF) designed for narrow margin drilling applications and the transition to the deployment of a newly developed high-performance water-based mud (HPWBM) optimizing the operations to drill the intermediate intervals for final two wells. The authors also will discuss use of the reservoir drill-in fluid (RDF) and solids-free screen running fluids (SF-SRF), designed specifically for use in these open holes, gravel pack completions at hole angles upwards of 90°. Operational efficiencies derived from use of these fluids include ECD management, hole cleaning, directional performance, reduction in downhole losses, and the elimination of non-productive time (NPT) in a narrow margin environment with no loss of rate of penetration (ROP). Additional efficiencies include the seamless transition from derived from use of water-based fluids for drilling and completion phases. Use of the CML technology allowed for precise control of the hydrostatic pressure on wells that previously would not have been technically feasible to drill or complete. The novel use of the newly developed HPWBM on this campaign enabled reduced health, safety and environmental (HSE) exposure impact, increased tank and rig cleaning efficiency, and the elimination of a wellbore cleanout run since the entire well was drilled with only water-based fluids. The fluids were successfully employed in the four wells drilled and completed in a managed pressure environment utilizing CML technology.
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DOBREI, Alin, Alina Georgeta DOBREI, Eleonora NISTOR, Sorin STANCIU, Mihaela MOATĂR, and Florin SALA. "SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTION THROUGH MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MAINTENANCE AND AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.022.
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Tillage practices in viticulture are very important, with major effects on quantitative and qualitative production, on vines phenology and stages of growth. In this study the aim was to identify the most appropriate vineyard floor management, located on flat land or mild slopes, with medium or high soils fertility. The research was carried out during 2011–2013 in the vineyard of the BUASVM Didactic Station from Timisoara and focusing exclusively on several variants of soil maintenance in order to replace the need for manual labor. Leaf area was estimated by concentric circles method and sugar concentration was evaluated by refractometry. Total acidity in must and wine was determined by titration. Grape yield was estimated by bunches counting and weighing, for each variety and productive potential (kg ha-1) was appreciated by multiplying the average yield per vine with the number of vines per hectare. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Performance of Burgundy variety for superior red wines group and Silvania table grape variety – with a medium ripening, were analyzed in the experiment. For both Burgundy and Silvania varieties the sixth variant (V6–bare soil by tillage middles row (tractor and rotary hoe)/rotary hoe undervine (tractor and adjustable offset rotary tiller) registered the highest grape yield during the research. The lowest grape yield fulfils to the seventh variant of vineyard floor management. Burgundy variety had the average must sugar content of 195 ± 4.27 g l-1 and that of the leaf area of 7.09 ± 0.58 m2 while in Silvania variety the average of grape must acidity was 4.66 ± 0.35 g l-1 H2SO4 and the leaf area of 7.42 ± 0.51 m2/vine. Between must sugar content and leaf area, in Burgundy and Silvania variety has been established a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.94 ***) and (r = 0.88 **; p <0.001) respectively, variables being virtually indistinguishable.
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Liu, Jong-Shang, Douglas X. Zhu, Bryon Lew, and Aaron Daniel Rodriguez. "Aerodynamic and Mechanical Analyses on Manufacturing Variations of a Turbine Blade Row." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75536.
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Typical turbine blade design systems are based on parametric studies and engineering experience. Best practices use feedback from manufactured hardware to additionally create producible designs and establish tolerances. Often there is a large gap in understanding of true hardware variation and the ability to describe and analyze it without over simplification. Previously, hardware inspections that feed analyses were limited based on Coordinate Measurement Machines (CMM) point inspection, optical measurements or gages designed to measure specific features. Those details were input into parametric models in an attempt to quantify the impact of hardware variation. Each measurement method has its limitations including accuracy and methodology which can affect the evaluation results. With the advent of 3D scanning, the complex 3D nature of airfoil designs can be described accurately with minimal simplification or assumptions. Actual hardware can be analyzed and assessed for design requirement compliance. In this study, 3D structured light inspection technology is used to assess aerodynamic performance and mechanical durability variation on a statistical sample of actual production hardware. A Honeywell designed auxiliary power unit second stage uncooled turbine rotor was used as a test case for this study. Thirty-five (35) blade castings randomly selected from three different casting mold lots were scanned using structured light to capture manufacturing process variation. The 3D scanning was completed using controls and robust scanning techniques certified for metrology use. Scans were assessed according to manufacturing requirements and correlated to aerodynamic and mechanical requirements using nominal machining geometry based on datum alignments. Analyses were performed using STAR-CCM+ for aerodynamic performance and ANSYS for mechanical durability. The designed nominal geometry was used as a baseline for comparison. HEEDS was used to automate the aerodynamic analysis process — replacing the baseline model with the scanned data, merging the new geometry with the base model, meshing, applying boundary conditions, and solving in remote Linux clusters. The automation process achieved a significant reduction in cycle time from several weeks to a few days. Similarly, the same structured light scan data was used to evaluate mechanical durability in ANSYS. Scan data was aligned to machining datums, boolean cut with nominal CAD machining geometry and directly converted to solid models using SpaceClaim. The solid model was meshed in ANSYS and merged onto the baseline FEA model for solving. Macros were used to automate the analysis process of each part scan and output stresses at critical locations for durability assessment. Using a combination of analytical tools and actual scan hardware, the impact of manufacturing variation could be understood. Integrating scan data directly to analysis reduces engineering assumptions and gives a better understanding of reality.
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El-Husseiny, Mahmoud Ahmed, Samir Mohamed Khaled, Taher El-Sebaay El-Fakharany, and Yehia Mohamed Al-Nadi. "Comparative Study of Managed Pressure Drilling Application in Deepwater Gas Wells - Case Study from Offshore Eastern Mediterranean of Egypt." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202192-ms.
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Abstract Although devised in 2003, managed pressure drilling (MPD) has gained widespread popularity in recent years to precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore. Due to the relatively high cost and complexity of implementing MPD, some operators still face a challenge deciding whether or not to MPD the well. In the offshore Mediterranean of Egypt, severe to catastrophic mud losses are encountered while conventionally drilling deepwater wells through cavernous fractured carbonate gas reservoirs with a narrow pore pressure-fracture gradient (PP-FG) window, leading to the risk of not reaching the planned target depth (TD). Furthermore, treating such losses was associated with long non-productive time (NPT), massive volume consumption of cement, and lost-circulation materials (LCM), in addition to well control situations encountered several times due to loss of hydrostatic head during severe losses. Accordingly, the operator decided to abandon the conventional drilling method and implement MPD technology to drill these problematic formations. In this paper, the application of MPD is to be examined versus the conventional drilling in terms of well control events, NPT, rate of penetration (ROP), mud losses per drilled meter, LCM volume pumped, and drilling operations optimization. According to the comparative study, MPD application showed a drastic improvement in all drilling performance aspects over the conventional drilling where the mud losses per drilled meter reduced from 19.6 m3/m to 3.7m3/m (123.2 bbl/m to 23.4 bbl/m). In addition to that, a 35% reduction of NPT and also a 35% reduction of LCM pumped, and 67.2 % reduction by volume of cement pumped to cure the mud losses. Moreover, the average mechanical rate of penetration increased by 37.4%. MPD was also credited with eliminating the need for an additional contingent 7" liner which was conventionally used to isolate the thief zone. The MPD ability to precisely control bottom hole pressure during drilling with the integration of MPD early kick detection system enables the rapid response in case of mud loss or kick, eliminating kick-loss cycles, well control events, and drilling flat time to change mud density. This paper provides an advanced and in-depth study for deep-water drilling problems of a natural gas field in the East Mediterranean and presents a comprehensive analysis of the MPD application with a drilling performance assessment (average ROP, mud losses, LCM and cement volumes, well control events) emphasizing how MPD can offer a practical solution for future drilling of challenging deepwater gas wells.
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Gao, Tianyi, James Geer, Bahgat G. Sammakia, Russell Tipton, and Mark Seymour. "Perimeter Cooling Unit and Localized Row-Based Cooling Unit Transient Air Flow Effects Modeling and Characterization in Data Centers." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51012.
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Cooling power constitutes a large portion of the total electrical power consumption in data centers. Approximately 25%∼40% of the electricity used within a production data center is consumed by the cooling system. Improving the cooling energy efficiency has attracted a great deal of research attention. Many strategies have been proposed for cutting the data center energy costs. One of the effective strategies for increasing the cooling efficiency is using dynamic thermal management. Another effective strategy is placing cooling devices (heat exchangers) closer to the source of heat. This is the basic design principle of many hybrid cooling systems and liquid cooling systems for data centers. Dynamic thermal management of data centers is a huge challenge, due to the fact that data centers are operated under complex dynamic conditions, even during normal operating conditions. In addition, hybrid cooling systems for data centers introduce additional localized cooling devices, such as in row cooling units and overhead coolers, which significantly increase the complexity of dynamic thermal management. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to characterize the dynamic responses of data centers under variations from different cooling units, such as cooling air flow rate variations. In this study, a detailed computational analysis of an in row cooler based hybrid cooled data center is conducted using a commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. A representative CFD model for a raised floor data center with cold aisle-hot aisle arrangement fashion is developed. The hybrid cooling system is designed using perimeter CRAH units and localized in row cooling units. The CRAH unit supplies centralized cooling air to the under floor plenum, and the cooling air enters the cold aisle through perforated tiles. The in row cooling unit is located on the raised floor between the server racks. It supplies the cooling air directly to the cold aisle, and intakes hot air from the back of the racks (hot aisle). Therefore, two different cooling air sources are supplied to the cold aisle, but the ways they are delivered to the cold aisle are different. Several modeling cases are designed to study the transient effects of variations in the flow rates of the two cooling air sources. The server power and the cooling air flow variation combination scenarios are also modeled and studied. The detailed impacts of each modeling case on the rack inlet air temperature and cold aisle air flow distribution are studied. The results presented in this work provide an understanding of the effects of air flow variations on the thermal performance of data centers. The results and corresponding analysis is used for improving the running efficiency of this type of raised floor hybrid data centers using CRAH and IRC units.