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Journal articles on the topic 'Narrow therapeutic index drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Ali, Huma, Farya Zafar, Ahmed Shaukat, et al. "NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX DRUGS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (2017): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1460.

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Introduction: There are several clinically significant outcomes of drug-druginteractions (DDIs) which have been classified as one of the serious forms of adverse drugreactions that may lead to prolongation of hospital stays along with severe cases of mortality andmorbidities. It may cause due to the selection of two or more interacting drugs to be prescribedto patient. Objectives: Therefore it is indispensable to attain a collective level of therapeuticdecision making so that any potential DDIs can be minimized that ultimately turn out to be safeand beneficial to patient. Study Design: The cur

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2

Levy, Gerhard. "What are narrow therapeutic index drugs?" Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 63, no. 5 (1998): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9236(98)90100-x.

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3

Habet, Sam. "Narrow Therapeutic Index drugs: clinical pharmacology perspective." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 73, no. 10 (2021): 1285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgab102.

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Abstract Objectives Historically, the identification of drugs with the Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) has been empirically based on the clinical practice. In general terms, NTI drugs can be defined based on the steepness of the dose–response relationship and the degree of overlap between the effective and the toxic concentrations. Key findings The current definition in the Code of Federal Regulations is based on animal data and as such lacks direct clinical relevance. By basing these criteria on those factors that affect the degree of separation of the concentrations that elicit the therapeuti

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4

Baumgärtel, Christoph, and Brian Godman. "Bioequivalence of narrow therapeutic index drugs and immunosuppressives." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 4, no. 4 (2015): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2015.0404.035.

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5

Benet, L. Z. "Relevance of pharmacokinetics in narrow therapeutic index drugs." Transplantation Proceedings 31, no. 3 (1999): 1642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00083-4.

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6

Yu, LX, W. Jiang, X. Zhang, et al. "Novel bioequivalence approach for narrow therapeutic index drugs." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 97, no. 3 (2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.28.

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7

Jayachandran, Priya, Hideaki Okochi, Lynda A. Frassetto, et al. "Evaluating Within‐Subject Variability for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 105, no. 2 (2019): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1293.

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8

Tamargo, Juan, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, and Phillipe Mabo. "Narrow therapeutic index drugs: a clinical pharmacological consideration to flecainide." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 71, no. 5 (2015): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1832-0.

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9

Liang, Bryan A., Tim K. Mackey, and Kimberly M. Lovett. "Illegal “No Prescription” Internet Access to Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs." Clinical Therapeutics 35, no. 5 (2013): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.03.019.

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10

Johnston, Atholl. "Equivalence and interchangeability of narrow therapeutic index drugs in organ transplantation." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, no. 5 (2013): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000258.

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11

Hottinger, Michelle, and Bryan A. Liang. "Deficiencies of the FDA in Evaluating Generic Formulations: Addressing Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs." American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, no. 4 (2012): 667–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881203800403.

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Generic drugs represent a significant portion of the medical arsenal in treating disease. As copies of originator drugs, these drugs have been permitted abbreviated approval under the Hatch-Waxman Act. Yet with the current cost focus upon generic formulations, potential safety issues with generics have arisen. Although there is an established criterion of “bioequivalence” that generic formulations must demonstrate, narrow-therapeutic index drugs for sensitive clinical circumstances such as epilepsy, antiplatelet therapies, and mental health treatments may require different regulatory treatment

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12

Khaitovych, M. V. "RISK MANAGEMENT OF USE DRUGS WITH NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. Review." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 15, no. 3-4 (2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2019.16.

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Relevance. Today, the pharmacotherapy of many diseases is significantly expanded. However, the amount of pathological conditions associated with the use of drugs has increased. Drug related problems in some cases can be fatal and increase health care costs. It is necessary to be able to anticipate in advance the possibility of developing such conditions, to prevent them. Therefore, the analysis of the causes and mechanisms of development of these conditions is relevant. Objective. To find out the most common causes of drug related problems and consider the mechanisms of such states.&#x0D

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13

Lledó-García, Rocío, Stefanie Hennig, Joakim Nyberg, Andrew C. Hooker, and Mats O. Karlsson. "Ethically Attractive Dose-Finding Designs for Drugs With a Narrow Therapeutic Index." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 52, no. 1 (2012): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270010390041.

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14

Chou, Chia-Lin, Chia-Chen Hsu, Chia-Yu Chou, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Li-Fang Chou, and Yueh-Ching Chou. "Tablet splitting of narrow therapeutic index drugs: a nationwide survey in Taiwan." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 37, no. 6 (2015): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0194-0.

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15

Khames Aga, Qutaiba Ahmad Al, Yazan A. Bataineh, and Hala Mousa Sbaih. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cytotoxic Drugs." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 10, no. 02 (2020): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.2.16.

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The majority of anticancer drugs are recognized with a narrow therapeutic index, the area under the plasma levels vs. time curve (AUC) is the common pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter, which utilizes specifically for cytotoxic drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approach in these drugs has never been completely applied due to different reasons, for example, the use of combination chemotherapies for different malignant tumors, and the behavior of intracellular compounds; it is possible to eliminate these limitations by using specific concentrations of cytotoxic drugs and measure AUC after cert

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16

Endrenyi, Laszlo, and Laszlo Tothfalusi. "Determination of Bioequivalence for Drugs with Narrow Therapeutic Index: Reduction of the Regulatory Burden." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 5 (2013): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j31k51.

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The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently suggested that the bioequivalence (BE) for products of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices (NTI) be assessed by the approach of reference-scaled average BE (SABE). Subsequently, in December, 2012, the FDA issued draft guidances for the comparison of products of warfarin sodium and of tacrolimus. The guidances expect that 4-period studies be performed, that the results be evaluated by SABE, and that the analysis include also unscaled average BE as well as the comparison of the estimated within-subject variations (sW) of the test and refer

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17

Yacobi, Avraham, Eric Masson, Daniel Moros, et al. "Who Needs Individual Bioequivalence Studies for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs? A Case for Warfarin." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 40, no. 8 (2000): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00912700022009558.

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18

de Jesus Guedes, Tiago, and Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos. "Fast and Simple Electrochemical Analysis Kit for Quality Control of Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs." Electroanalysis 30, no. 8 (2018): 1740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.201800108.

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19

Galpin, A. J., and W. E. Evans. "Therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer management." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 11 (1993): 2419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.11.2419.

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Abstract Several anticancer drugs display characteristics that make them suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), including substantial pharmacokinetic variability and a narrow therapeutic index. However, concentration-effect relationships (pharmacodynamics) of most antineoplastic agents have not been well defined, thus limiting the widespread clinical application of TDM for cancer chemotherapy. Strategic incorporation of pharmacokinetic studies during phase I-III clinical trials should facilitate the identification of concentration-effect relationships and the definition of

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20

Iyer, Kapil, Neha Dilipkumar, Sharmin Vasaya, Sunita Pawar, and Arundhati Diwan. "Comparison of Drug Related Problems Associated with Use of Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs and Other Drugs in Hospitalized Patients." Journal of Young Pharmacists 10, no. 3 (2018): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2018.10.70.

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21

Lledó-García, R., S. Hennig, and MO Karlsson. "Comparison of Dose-Finding Designs for Narrow-Therapeutic-Index Drugs: Concentration-Controlled vs. Dose-Controlled Trials." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 86, no. 1 (2009): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.23.

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22

Sarpatwari, Ameet, Moa P. Lee, Joshua J. Gagne, et al. "Generic Versions of Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs: A National Survey of Pharmacists' Substitution Beliefs and Practices." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 103, no. 6 (2017): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.884.

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23

Gantar, Kaja, Katja Škerget, Ilya Mochkin, and Aleksander Bajc. "Meeting Regulatory Requirements for Drugs with a Narrow Therapeutic Index: Bioequivalence Studies of Generic Once-Daily Tacrolimus." Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Volume 12 (September 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dhps.s256455.

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24

Remport, Ádám, Dávid Dankó, Zsuzsa Gerlei, Krisztina Czebe, and István Kiss. "Special considerations in generic substitution of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 34 (2012): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29429.

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Long-term success in solid organ transplantation strongly depends on the optimal use of maintenance immunosuppressive treatment. Cyclosporin and tacrolimus are the most frequently administered immunosuppressants and they are designed to narrow therapeutic index drugs. The substitution of the branded formulation by their generic counterparts may lead to economic benefit only if equivalent clinical outcomes can be achieved. There is no published evidence to date on the guarantee of their long-term therapeutic equivalence and cases of therapeutic failures have been reported due to inadvertent dru

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25

Ali, Dr Huma, Dr Farya Zafar, Ahmed Shaukat, et al. "NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX DRUGS; PERCEPTION, PRACTICE, FACTS AND KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF INTERACTIONS." PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL 24, no. 04 (2017): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/tpmj/17.3746.

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26

Casey, Daniel E. "Extrapyramidal Syndromes and New Antipsychotic Drugs: Findings in Patients and Non-human Primate Models." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, S29 (1996): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298292.

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Since neuroleptic drugs were introduced in the 1950s they have become the primary mode of therapy for managing both acute and chronic psychoses. Although some antipsychotic drugs are free of disturbing extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), most have a very narrow therapeutic/toxic index. Clozapine is the best example of an antipsychotic with a wide separation between antipsychotic actions and liability to EPS, but its side-effect profile of sedation, salivation, seizures, and agranulocytosis are factors that limit its use, and clearly indicate the need for further advancement in neuroleptic thera

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27

Valdes, Roland, Saeed A. Jortani, and Mihai Gheorghiade. "Standards of laboratory practice: cardiac drug monitoring." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 5 (1998): 1096–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.5.1096.

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Abstract In this Standard of Laboratory Practice we recommend guidelines for therapeutic monitoring of cardiac drugs. Cardiac drugs are primarily used for treatment of angina, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Digoxin, used in congestive heart failure, is widely prescribed and therapeutically monitored. Monitoring and use of antiarrhythmics such as disopyramide and lidocaine have been steadily declining. Immunoassay techniques are currently the most popular methods for measuring cardiac drugs. Several reasons make measurement of cardiac drugs in serum important: their narrow therapeut

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28

Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma, and Ana Cecilia Amado Xavier de Oliveira. "Nonbioequivalent prescription drug interchangeability, concerns on patient safety and drug market dynamics in Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 22, no. 8 (2017): 2549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017228.04352017.

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Abstract Since the enforcement of Generics Act (1999), three types of pharmaceutically equivalent products are marketed in Brazil: innovative reference (REF), “similar” (S) and generic (G) drugs. The S (brand name) and G (generic name) borrow from REF (brand name) clinical data on safety and efficacy and dosage regimen. G (but not S) is bioequivalent to and interchangeable with REF. Starting in 2003, Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) has required data on relative bioavailability tests (with REF) to approve (or renew registration of) S drugs. In 2014, Anvisa extended interchangeab

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29

Jiang, Wenlei, Fairouz Makhlouf, Donald J. Schuirmann, et al. "A Bioequivalence Approach for Generic Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs: Evaluation of the Reference-Scaled Approach and Variability Comparison Criterion." AAPS Journal 17, no. 4 (2015): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-015-9753-5.

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30

Yin, Jiayi, Xiaoxu Li, Fengcheng Li, Yinjing Lu, Su Zeng, and Feng Zhu. "Identification of the key target profiles underlying the drugs of narrow therapeutic index for treating cancer and cardiovascular disease." Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 19 (2021): 2318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.035.

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31

De Oliveira, Marcelo Antonio, Valdenir José Belinelo, Lygia Polyanna Sousa Nolasco, Caroline Dutra Lacerda, André Fazôlo Bonella, and Cristina Helena Bruno. "ESTUDOS DA QUALIDADE DE COMPRIMIDOS E CÁPSULAS CONTENDO AMINOFILINA." Eclética Química Journal 38, no. 1 (2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v38.1.2013.p202-213.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by impairment of the lower airways. Theophylline has been used to treat asthma and their preparation for therapeutic purposes is aminophylline. Aminophylline is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine, and the ethylenediamine gives an increase in aqueous solubility of theophylline. Aminophylline is often manipulated in pharmacies as capsules, even if a drug with narrow therapeutic index, which is not recommended for manipulation. A potentiometric determination should be considered in evaluating the assay of ethylenediamine. The conte

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Rao Gajula, Siva Nageswara, Gangireddy Navitha Reddy, Dannarm Srinivas Reddy, and Rajesh Sonti. "Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions: an insight into recent US FDA-approved drugs for prostate cancer." Bioanalysis 12, no. 22 (2020): 1647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0242.

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Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction is a significant safety and efficiency concern as it results in considerable concentration changes. Drug–drug interactions are a substantial concern in anticancer drugs that possess a narrow therapeutic index. These interactions remain as the principal regulatory obstacle that can lead to termination in the preclinical stage, restrictions in the prescription, dosage adjustments or withdrawal of the drugs from the market. Drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters mediate the majority of clinically relevant drug interactions. Cancer diagnosed aged patients u

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33

Anlamlert, Wirin, and Pakawadee Sermsappasuk. "Pomegranate Juice does not Affect the Bioavailability of Cyclosporine in Healthy Thai Volunteers." Current Clinical Pharmacology 15, no. 2 (2020): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884715666200110153125.

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Background: It is still controversial whether pomegranate causes drug interactions. Pomegranate juice has been shown to inhibit CYP3A in-vitro and animal studies. The coadministration of pomegranate juice with cyclosporine, a narrow therapeutic drug that is the substrate of CYP3A, might lead to drug toxicity. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy Thai volunteers. Methods: The study design was an open-label, randomized, single dose, crossover study with a 2- week washout period. Each fasting subject recei

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34

Sankar, Raman, and Tracy A. Glauser. "Understanding Therapeutic Equivalence in Epilepsy." CNS Spectrums 15, no. 2 (2010): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900027358.

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ABSTRACTThe issues surrounding generic drug substitution in patients with epilepsy are complex.The substitution of one formulation of an antiepileptic drug (AED) for another is controversial. Well-reasoned and defensible cases can be made both for and against such substitution. Although regulatory agencies require that generic and proprietary drugs have similar pharmacokinetic bioequivalence data, their therapeutic efficacy may not necessarily be identical. The paroxysmal nature of epilepsy, the narrow therapeutic index of some AEDs, the need to. individualize therapy to achieve seizure contro

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35

Naqvi, Syed Faaez Ul Hassan, and Tehreem Haider. "Individualization of Dosage Regimen-an Approach Towards Improved Clinical Outcomes." Global Drug Design & Development Review III, no. I (2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2018(iii-i).03.

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Dosage regimen plays the most important role in obtaining the desired therapeutic outcomes. The focus perpetually is on the design of doses, their intervals and duration to acquire the optimum response. Many factors like age, gender, weight, body surface area, pathological state play a role in formulating these regimens and each factor is given importance in deciding regimen that gives the optimum response. The experiments gradually reveal the correct regimens after repeatedly being worked upon. Different parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, are calculated and estimated in order to decide by which d

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Krzych, Łukasz J., Marcelina Czok, and Zbigniew Putowski. "Is Antimicrobial Treatment Effective During Therapeutic Plasma Exchange? Investigating the Role of Possible Interactions." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 5 (2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050395.

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Antimicrobial treatment during therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) remains a complex issue. Recommendations based on a limited number of experimental studies should be implemented in clinical practice with caution. Effective management of infections due to plasma or albumin-related interactions, as well as impaired pharmacokinetics, in critical illness is difficult. Knowing the pharmacokinetics of the drugs concerned and the procedural aspects of plasmapheresis should be helpful in planning personalized treatment. In general, possessing a low distribution volume, a high protein-binding affinity,

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37

Klomp, Florian, Christoph Wenzel, Marek Drozdzik, and Stefan Oswald. "Drug–Drug Interactions Involving Intestinal and Hepatic CYP1A Enzymes." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (2020): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121201.

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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes are considerably expressed in the human intestine and liver and involved in the biotransformation of about 10% of marketed drugs. Despite this doubtless clinical relevance, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are still somewhat underestimated in terms of unwanted side effects and drug–drug interactions of their respective substrates. In contrast to this, many frequently prescribed drugs that are subjected to extensive CYP1A-mediated metabolism show a narrow therapeutic index and serious adverse drug reactions. Consequently, those drugs are vulnerable to any kind of inhibition or

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38

Jiang, Wenlei, Fairouz Makhlouf, Donald J. Schuirmann, et al. "Erratum to: A Bioequivalence Approach for Generic Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs: Evaluation of the Reference-Scaled Approach and Variability Comparison Criterion." AAPS Journal 17, no. 6 (2015): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-015-9786-9.

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39

Shah, Rakhi B., Jarrod S. Collier, Vilayat A. Sayeed, Arthur Bryant, Muhammad J. Habib, and Mansoor A. Khan. "Tablet Splitting of a Narrow Therapeutic Index Drug: A Case with Levothyroxine Sodium." AAPS PharmSciTech 11, no. 3 (2010): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-010-9515-8.

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40

Zimmermann, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Gruchała, Piotr Wąż, and Piotr Kawczak. "Legal and economic identification and assessment of pharmacy substitution in narrow therapeutic index drugs, on the example of epileptic medications in Poland." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 75, no. 6 (2018): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/99111.

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41

Pai Kakode, Kalyani V., Parul Dubey, Sharvani Pai, and Varun R. Pai Kakode. "Diverse presentations of phenytoin toxicity-presenile cataract, encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy: a case series." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 8 (2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20193209.

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<p class="abstract">One of the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs, phenytoin, has a narrow therapeutic index, high plasma protein binding, non-linear pharmacokinetics and inter-individual variability. It can also present with adverse drug reactions due to phenytoin toxicity with diverse presentations mimicking symptoms of other diseases thus causing diagnostic predicament. This case series reports three such cases of uncommon presentation of phenytoin toxicity like presenile cataract, fluctuating encephalopathy with diurnal variation and peripheral neuropathy. Monitoring of serum dru

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Saib, Sonia, and Xavier Delavenne. "Inflammation Induces Changes in the Functional Expression of P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2: An Overview of Different Models and Consequences for Drug Disposition." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (2021): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101544.

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The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a key role in drug pharmacokinetics. These membrane transporters expressed within physiological barriers can be a source of pharmacokinetic variability. Changes in ABC transporter expression and functionality may consequently affect the disposition of substrate drugs, resulting in different drug exposure. Inflammation, present in several acute and chronic diseases, has been identified as a source of modulation in drug transporter expression leading to variability in drug response. Its regulation may be particularly dangerous for drugs with a nar

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Giri, Tapan Kumar, Subhasis Chakrabarty, and Bijaya Ghosh. "Non-Invasive Extraction of Gabapentin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Reverse Iontophoresis: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Polyethylene Glycol 400 in the Receiving Medium." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 15, no. 6 (2019): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180910115059.

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Background: Monitoring of plasma concentrations is a necessity for narrow therapeutic index potent drugs. Development of non-invasive methods can save the patients from the trauma of needles and hence is considered as a research priority. Introduction: Gabapentin, an anti-epileptic drug requires therapeutic monitoring because of its narrow therapeutic index. The objective of the study was to develop a suitable method for the non-invasive extraction of gabapentin for the same. Methods: Transdermal reverse iontophoresis was performed using pig ear skin as a barrier membrane. Three compartment io

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44

Spasovski, Goce. "Generic Drugs – Decreasing Costs and Room for Increased Number of Kidney Transplantations." PRILOZI 36, no. 2 (2015): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2015-0061.

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Abstract Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option in comparison to dialysis, although patients are obliged to receive life-long medical treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) for prevention of the graft rejection. Such immunosuppressive treatment may be costly and associated with multiple adverse effects. Since costs are viewed as one of the major constraints for the increasing number of transplantation, the use of generic ISDs may decrease the overall cost of transplantation and raise the possibility for its further development. An ideal ISD should have the security margin b

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45

Kansara, Mital B., and Ashutosh J. Jani. "Possible interactions between garlic and conventional drugs: a review." Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations 4, no. 2 (2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.12.

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Herbs can affect body function; therefore, when herbs are taken concurrently with drugs, interactions are possible. The interaction between drugs and herbal medicines is a safe concern and these interactions are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutics index. The probability of herb-drug interaction can be higher than drug interaction, if conventional drug having single chemical entities, whereas most of the herbal medicinal product contain a mixture of pharmacologically active constituents. The herb-drug interaction may involve either an increase or decrease in the amount of dr

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46

Guberman, A., and Céline Corman. "Generic Substitution for Brand Name Antiepileptic Drugs: A Survey." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 27, no. 1 (2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100051957.

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ABSTRACT:Background/Objective:There are presently 26 different generic preparations for five brand name antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the Canadian market with others likely to be released in the near future. The purpose of this review is to examine the basis for the controversy surrounding generic substitution for brand name antiepileptic drugs, to present the results of a survey of neurologists' and patients' attitudes toward generic substitution and to increase neurologists'awareness of the issues.Methods:The current federal and provincial regulations pertaining to generic drug approval and

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47

Du, Wei, Danijela Gnjidic, Sallie-Anne Pearson, et al. "Patterns of high-risk prescribing and other factors in relation to receipt of a home medicines review: a prospective cohort investigation among adults aged 45 years and over in Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (2019): e027305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027305.

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ObjectivesTo quantify the relationship between home medicines review (HMR) receipt in older adults and sociodemographic, medication-related and health factors.DesignProspective cohort analysis.Settings, participants, measurementsQuestionnaire data from a population-based cohort study of individuals aged ≥45 years, Sydney, Australia were linked with primary healthcare data, medication and hospitalisation data, to ascertain factors associated with HMR receipt during the period July 2009–June 2014. Medication-related factors included exposure to five and more medications (polypharmacy), narrow th

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Duarte, Natalia C., Cristina R. Barbosa, Mariane GR Tavares, Lara P. Dias, Rafael N. Souza, and Patricia Moriel. "Clinical oncology pharmacist: Effective contribution to patient safety." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 7 (2018): 1665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218807748.

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Management and prevention of problems related to oncology drugs are particularly important due to the excessive cost, high toxicity, and narrow therapeutic index of the antineoplastic drugs, in addition to the patients' state of health. Therefore, the presence of the pharmacist as a member of the multidisciplinary team is essential to contribute to patient safety. In this work, the interventions performed were identified, quantified, and classified to characterize the work of the clinical oncology pharmacist. This is a prospective and quantitative study, conducted over a period of six months i

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Bourguignon, Laurent, Michel Ducher, David Matanza, et al. "The value of population pharmacokinetics and simulation for postmarketing safety evaluation of dosing guidelines for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index: buflomedil as a case study." Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 26, no. 2 (2011): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01000.x.

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Klener Jr, Pavel, Tomas Etrych, and Pavel Klener. "Biological Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies: Toward a Chemotherapy- free Era." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 6 (2019): 1002–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171006144725.

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:Less than 70 years ago, the vast majority of hematologic malignancies were untreatable diseases with fatal prognoses. The development of modern chemotherapy agents, which had begun after the Second World War, was markedly accelerated by the discovery of the structure of DNA and its role in cancer biology and tumor cell division. The path travelled from the first temporary remissions observed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with single-agent antimetabolites until the first cures achieved by multi-agent chemotherapy regimens was incredibly short. Despite great successes, h

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