Relevant bibliographies by topics / Narrow tilting vehicle

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Narrow tilting vehicle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Narrow tilting vehicle"

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Ren, Yaxing, Truong Quang Dinh, James Marco, and David Greenwood. "Torque vectoring–based drive: Assistance system for turning an electric narrow tilting vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 233, no. 7 (2019): 788–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818823589.

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The increasing number of cars leads to traffic congestion and limits parking issue in urban area. The narrow tilting vehicles therefore can potentially become the next generation of city cars due to its narrow width. However, due to the difficulty in leaning a narrow tilting vehicle, a drive assistance strategy is required to maintain its roll stability during a turn. This article presents an effective approach using torque vectoring method to assist the rider in balancing the narrow tilting vehicles, thus reducing the counter-steering requirements. The proposed approach is designed as the combination of two torque controllers: steer angle–based torque vectoring controller and tilting compensator–based torque vectoring controller. The steer angle–based torque vectoring controller reduces the counter-steering process via adjusting the vectoring torque based on the steering angle from the rider. Meanwhile, the tilting compensator–based torque vectoring controller develops the steer angle–based torque vectoring with an additional tilting compensator to help balancing the leaning behaviour of narrow tilting vehicles. Numerical simulations with a number of case studies have been carried out to verify the performance of designed controllers. The results imply that the counter-steering process can be eliminated and the roll stability performance can be improved with the usage of the presented approach.
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Tang, Chen, Avesta Goodarzi, and Amir Khajepour. "A novel integrated suspension tilting system for narrow urban vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 14 (2017): 1970–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017738274.

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Narrow vehicles are proposed to resolve urban transportation issues such as congestion, parking, fuel consumption and pollution. They are characterized by a high ratio of centre of gravity height over track width. Such vehicles are vulnerable to rollover and stability issues when negotiating curves at a normal operating speed. Therefore, the tilting capability is crucial to such vehicles. Existing solutions, which mechanically connect the wheel module on both sides and synchronize their movement, still have room for further improvement. The extra links for synchronization not only take up space on compact urban vehicles, but also introduce additional mass to the light-weighted body. The novel tilting mechanism introduced in this work utilizes hydraulics to replace mechanical connections to generate the tilting motion. An interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension system is adopted to provide the desired bump and roll stiffness for narrow urban vehicle applications. Two independently controlled hydraulic pumps are connected to the hydraulic suspensions to provide the tilting, as well as riding height change capabilities. The integration of the tilting system with suspension reduces the system weight and packing size, both of which are vital to the success of narrow urban vehicles. All the functionalities are illustrated, modelled and examined in the simulation studies, which prove the feasibility of the proposed system on narrow urban vehicle applications resulting in more functionalities with lower complexity and weight.
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Chong, JJ, James Marco, David Greenwood, J. J. Chong, James Marco, and David Greenwood. "Modelling and Simulations of a Narrow Track Tilting Vehicle." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2016): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v4i1.149.

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Narrow track tilting vehicle is a new category of vehicle that combines the dynamical abilities of a passenger car with a motorcycle. In the presence of overturning moments during cornering, an accurate assessment of the lateral dynamics plays an important role to improve their stability and handling. In order to stabilise or control the narrow tilting vehicle, the demand tilt angle can be calculated from the vehicle’s lateral acceleration and controlled by either steering input of the vehicle or using additional titling actuator to reach this desired angle. The aim of this article is to present a new approach for developing the lateral dynamics model of a narrow track tilting vehicle. First, this approach utilises the well-known geometry ‘bicycle model’ and parameter estimation methods. Second, by using a tuning method, the unknown and uncertainties are taken into account and regulated through an optimisation procedure to minimise the model biases in order to improve the modelling accuracy. Therefore, the optimised model can be used as a platform to develop the vehicle control strategy. Numerical simulations have been performed in a comparison with the experimental data to validate the model accuracy.
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Edelmann, Johannes, and Manfred Plöchl. "Electronic Stability Control of a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (2011): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0976.

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Jubin Antony, J., and K. Jayabal. "Rollover Dynamics of a Narrow Tilting Three-Wheeled Vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 51 (2016): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165101002.

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Chiou, Jin-Chern, and Chih-Liang Chen. "Modeling and Verification of a Diamond-Shape Narrow-Tilting Vehicle." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 13, no. 6 (2008): 678–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2008.2004769.

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Gohl, J., R. Rajamani, L. Alexander, and P. Starr. "Active Roll Mode Control Implementation on a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." Vehicle System Dynamics 42, no. 5 (2004): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042311042000266810.

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Tan, Jeffrey Too Chuan, Yitsao Huang, Yoshihiro Suda, Akira Mizuno, and Munehisa Horiguchi. "Cornering stability improvement by gyro moment for narrow tilting vehicle." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (2015): 2705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0518-y.

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Wasiwitono, Unggul, I. Nyoman Sutantra, Yohanes, and Yunarko Triwinarno. "Steady-State Cornering Modeling and Analysis of Three-Wheel Narrow Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 758 (April 2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.173.

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Electric mobility seems to be an innovative alternative to future urban transport. In this study, a steady-state cornering model of a three-wheel narrow electric vehicle is derived. The steady-state cornering analysis is conducted by varying the location of the vehicle center of gravity, speed and tilt angle. From this analysis, the center of gravity location and tilt angle that gives better cornering characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, this analysis helps and can be used as starting point to design the chassis and the tilting control system of the three-wheel narrow electric vehicle.
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Gwak, Jongseong, Junsu Cho, Keizo Araki, Toshiyuki Sugimachi, Noboru Kubo, and Yoshihiro Suda. "Effects of Tilting Mechanism of Narrow Vehicle on Psychophysiological States of Driver." International Journal of Automotive Engineering 11, no. 3 (2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.11.3_124.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Narrow tilting vehicle"

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Robertson, James. "Active control of narrow tilting vehicle dynamics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636544.

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Narrow tilting vehicles offer an opportunity to tackle both traffic congestion and carbon emissions having a small footprint, low weight and small frontal area. Their narrow width requires that they tilt into corners in order to maintain stability; this may be achieved by means of an automated tilt control system. A three-wheeled tilting vehicle prototype, known as the Compact Low Emission Vehicle for uRban transport (CLEVER), was constructed at the University of Bath in 2006. The vehicle was equipped with a direct tilt control system in which a pair of hydraulic actuators applied a moment between the cabin and a non-tilting base. This tilt control system provided satisfactory steady state performance but limited transient stability. High tilt rate demands associated with rapid steering inputs would lead to large tilting moments being applied to the non-tilting rear engine module; this, combined with the engine module’s own propensity to roll out of the bend, could cause the inside wheel to lift and the vehicle to capsize. This thesis details the implementation of a Steering Direct Tilt Control (SDTC) system, whereby the front wheel steer angle is used to generate some of the tilting moment, on the prototype CLEVER Vehicle. Simulation and experimental results are presented which show a 40% reduction in load transfer across the rear axle during a transient ramp steer manoeuvre. The influence of the SDTC system, and associated steer angle alteration, on the vehicle trajectory is considered. A human driver is found to be capable of adapting their steer inputs such that they can follow their chosen path. Finally, a feed-forward control strategy is shown to reduce the load transfer across the rear axle by an additional 30% in transient situations, but only if the steer input signal is sufficiently free of noise.
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Mourad, Lama. "Contrôle actif de l'accélération latérale perçue d'un véhicule automobile étroit et inclinable." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787310.

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Les Véhicules Etroits et Inclinables (VEI) sont la convergence d'une voiture et d'un motocycle. Un mètre de largeur seulement suffit pour transporter une ou deux personnes en Tandem. Les VEI sont conçus dans le but de résoudre partiellement les problèmes de trafic routier, de minimiser la consommation énergétique et l'émission de polluants. De par leurs dimensions(ratio hauteur/largeur), ces véhicules doivent s'incliner en virage pour rester stable en compensant l'effet de l'accélération latérale. Cette inclinaison doit dans certains cas être automatique : elle peut être réalisée à l'aide d'un couple d'inclinaison généré par un actionneur dédié (système DTC), soit encore en modulant l'angle de braquage des roues (Système STC). Nous avons proposé dans ce mémoire une méthodologie de synthèse d'un régulateur structuré minimisant la norme H2 d'un problème bien posé au bénéfice d'une régulation optimisée de l'accélération latérale, considérant tour à tour les systèmes DTC et STC. Les régulateurs proposés sont paramétrés par la vitesse longitudinale et s'avèrent performants et robustes, et les moyens de réglages proposés permettent d'étudier l'intérêt relatif d'une solution DTC pure ou mixte DTC/STC, permettant de supporter les développements futurs sur le sujet. L'originalité des solutions proposées en regard des études rencontrées dans la littérature porte en particulier sur le fait de choisir de réguler directement l'accélération latérale perçue (plutôt que l'angle d'inclinaison), en anticipant la prise de virage par la prise en compte des angles et vitesse de braquage. L'optimisation de la régulation permet de réduire de manière importante le couple d'inclinaison requis, et l'accélération latérale subie par les passagers est faible. Tous les développements proposés s'appuient naturellement en amont sur un travail de modélisation (recherche du modèle juste nécessaire), et de bibliographie conséquent. Le modèle retenu comprend 5 degrés de libertés. Nous avons démontré qu'il possédait la propriété intéressante d'être plat, et avons utilisé cette propriété pour ouvrir des perspectives relatives à la conception d'un régulateur non-linéaire robuste, susceptible apriori d'accroître les performances dans le cas de " grands mouvements ". Au contraire de ce qui existe dans la littérature,le régulateur multivariable conçu pour le système SDTC permet le contrôle coordonné des actions sur les systèmes STC et DTC.
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Wu, Wei-Ting, and 吳維廷. "Direct yaw moment control of Narrow-Tilting Vehicle." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7gp2y9.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>車輛工程系所<br>98<br>The target narrow tilting vehicle is a tricycle with two wheel motors at the rear two wheels. Without the mechanical differential, the traction forces on the right and left wheels cannot coordinate with each other to negotiate the turn. Fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) is used to design the direct yaw moment control (DYC) to achieve the yaw rate following for the purpose of electric differential. Work load ratio for both wheels are also balanced to prevent wheel slipping. In addition to prevent rollover during cornering, FSMC is used to design the tilting control to achieve tilting angle tracking. An angle compensation strategy is proposed in this paper to reduce the power consumption for tilting control. Yaw rate generator is modified to be non-minimum to further reduce the initial tilting torque. A nonlinear vehicle model is established using MapleSim to verify the proposed algorithms. Simulation results show that effective yaw rate following can be achieved while preventing the vehicle from rolling over and reducing the required tilting torque.
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Ciou, Ci-Fong, and 邱琦峰. "Study of Tilting Control for a Narrow Light Vehicle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11434342839107963678.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>車輛工程系所<br>102<br>Narrow light vehicles (NLV) are expected to be a global trend of personal vehicle development because of its less energy consumption and pollutant emission, easily parking, and small dimension. But its slender nature takes high risk of rollover during tight cornering.Thus the NLV’s are commonly equipped with tilting mechanism to reduce the effect of lateral acceleration on turning maneuvering. Unlike the scooters, the seats as well as the handler wheel of the NLV are of the same type with regular passenger vehicle. Its tilting motion cannot be operated by the driver like in the scooter. Thus an automatic tilting control system is required for the NLV. This study is intended to develop an automatic tilting control system to drive the tilting mechanism of a prototype of electric three-wheeled NLV. The system includes a 3kw motor, a gear box, a DSP controller, and the associated sensors such as yaw rate sensor, tilt angle sensor, steering angle sensor, and lateral acceleration sensor. The purpose is to tilt the NLV automatically to a suitable target angle based on the amount of lateral acceleration to enhance its cornering ability. The study was proceeded firstly by performing numerical simulations on the three -wheeled NLV to investigate its dynamic characteristics. Then a self-tuning adaptive tilting control algorithm is proposed. The control law is consisted of a feedforward controller and a feedback controller, in which the control effort of the feedforward controller is calculated based on an ARX model with its parameters identified on-line to adapt with load variations of the NLV. Experiments on various drive cycle have been conducted to verify the performance of the control system. Experimental results showed that the proposed control system successfully enhance the cornering ability of the NLV, the lateral acceleration limit with tilting control cornering achieved up to 0.57g while the untilt cornering was only with 0.25g. Keywords:Tiltable vehicle, Automatic Tilt control System, adaptive control, On-line identification.
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Yang, Dun-Di, and 楊敦棣. "Study of Steering Tilting Controller for a Narrow Tiltable Vehicle." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93450017914978566010.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>車輛工程系所<br>104<br>Because of with narrow width and high center of gravity characteristics, light-weight narrow tilting vehicles NTVs) should be tilted to generate anti rollover moment when turning. Unlike motorcycles lean by driver, the NTVs require an automatic tilt control system to lean its body to an appropriate angle to make it turn steadily without overturn. This thesis is mainly focused on design of automatic tilt control system for a NTV with two front wheels and single rear driving wheel. Firstly, a prototype of the NTV and the associated steer- by-wire steering system were established. Then the method of steering tilt control (STC) was studied. For the NTV with the STC system, the steer angle of its front wheels is controlled by the STC controller to make the NTV lean to an appropriate angle corresponding to driver’s command from hand wheel. A controller for the STC was proposed in this study, which is consisted of an adaptive feedforward controller and a PID feedback controller. The feedforward controller is basically an one-step predictive controller, in which the control effort is derived from an ARX model with parameters estimated on-line via a sequential LSE estimator. Because the controller was implemented by a microprocessor, the optimal order of the ARX model should be determined in terms of computation costs and perdition errors . The simulation results have shown that the proposed STC controller is feasible, and the most suitable order of the ARX model is 4 for the experimental NTV. The STC controller with feedforward controller can reduce sensitivity of the gain value variations of the PID controller. In additions, it can reduce the control effort about 1.35% comparing with using the PID controller alone. This study also showed that the NTV applying the STC significantly reduce the weight and power requirements to the motor compared with that of applying the direct tilt control (DTC) technique. In addition to this, the NTV with the STC can increase the critical lateral acceleration of turnover to about 0.04G compared with the DTC at the same driving speed. Keywords: Steering Tilt Control, Adaptive Control, On-Line Identification, Drive- by- Wire Steering
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Tseng, Kuo-Wei, and 曾國瑋. "Fuzzy-PID Implementation of Steering Tilt Enhanced Direct Tilt Controller for a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74383199534375594670.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電機工程學研究所<br>104<br>Narrow Vehicle implementation can greatly relieve traffic congestion and improve roadway utilization. However, the greater height-to-width ratio may easily lead to tip off during a turn. Active tilt control aims at preventing from tip off by shifting the center of gravity of the vehicle to offset the tip-off moment. This thesis presents a hybrid design of steering tilt control and direct tilt control to implement the active tilt control concept.The hybrid design is in a sense of using steering tilt control during a high speed turn and using direct tilt control during a low speed turn. The objective is reducing both the toque exerting by direct tilt control and the deviation introduced by steering tilt control using counter-steer operation. The fuzzy PID controller which realizes the hybrid design receives vehicle’s longitudinal speed and turning radius as premise inputs. Then, in real-time manner it infers suitable values for the PID parameters. Simulation results of many scenarios show that the proposed hybrid design can deal with the nonlinear behaviors of the vehicle system to maintain vehicle’s directional and tilt stabilities, and robust against disturbances.
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Chen, Chih-Liang, and 陳志良. "Multibody Modeling and Robust Double-loop PID Tilting Motion Controller Design by Using QFT/H∞ Theorem for a Diamond-shaped Narrow Tilting Vehicle." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02967219223314163883.

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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>電機與控制工程系所<br>97<br>In this dissertation, a personal electric narrow tilting vehicle (NTV) called “IPM (intelligent personal mobility)” is developed to solve problem of oil shortage, pollution and traffic jam. The vehicle has four wheels arranged in a diamond shape. It is capable of operating in vehicular tilts with less weight and width. In order to simulate hazardous driving conditions, IPM was built a model by using planar multibody system method. A planar multibody system tire model was proposed to represent ground-vehicle interaction. In order to verify the IPM multibody model experimentally, we also proposed a separate calculation method using two acceleration sensors and one angular position sensor for the purpose of obtaining ground forces. The multibody model was verified by comparing with the real IPM in designed slalom tests. It matched with the real vehicle effectively and accurately. This model can applied to analyze the joint reaction force of IPM to assist in controller design. An IPM tilting motion controller designed by using Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) and H∞ theory was proposed in this dissertation. For implement purpose, this controller was systematically translated into a double-loop PID controller (two loop PID control, one tilting position control loop enclosed one tilting rate control loop). The controller was verified by working with the verified IPM multibody model. After the verification, the designed controller was verified that it has high tracking robustness. It also was verified it can resist the load disturbance from lumpy roads and inadequate tilting command (Focus on driver position, if the gravity antiroll torque can balance with the centripetal force rollover torque, it is called adequate tilting command.) by working with the verified model.
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Shen, Yun-Ju, and 沈蘊茹. "Exploring the Effects of Automatic Tilting Mechanism of Narrow Tilting Vehicles on Driving Performance and Driving Response." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66485945343463510894.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工業工程與管理系所<br>98<br>Narrow Tilting Vehicle (NTV) is one kind of new style personal mobile vehicles. It can solve the problems about energy shortage and traffic congestion. However, the automatic tilting feature of NTV may affect drivers' tasks and decrease their driving performance. These problems result to traffic accidents. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the NTV’s automatic tilting mechanism on the drivers’ task through driving simulator experiment. The results indicated that tilting angle of NTV and the curve of road affected driving performance and driving response significantly. Both the bigger tilting angle and curve caused more vehicle collisions than smaller ones. Eventually, the study recommended that the smaller tilting angle should be considered when designing the NTV tilting mechanism. Moreover, NTV was more suitable to travel through the smaller curve.
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Lin, Jhao-Yin, and 林昭吟. "Exploring the Effects of Narrow and Tilting Vehicles on Driver’s Sickness and Driving Performance." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64055584206624789518.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工業工程與管理系所<br>98<br>In the urbanized society, high population density causes traffic jammed. Besides, huge energy resources demand and lack of new energy resources exploration cause energy resources shortage. In order to solve these problems, the narrow and tilting vehicle (NTV) is developed. The driving environment of NTV is different from other cars. In order to explore the effect of different driving environment on drivers, the research uses a narrow and tilting vehicle simulator to simulate driving tasks. The results show that tilting auxiliary system affects drivers’ physiological uncomfort level. Besides, drivers’ physiological uncomfort makes driving proformance poorer. When tilt angle is small, the nausea scale scores correlates with total time of driving tasks. When tilt angle is large, the nausea and oculomotor scale scores correlate with car collision and deflection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Narrow tilting vehicle"

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Ren, Yaxing. "Modelling and Control of Narrow Tilting Vehicle for Future Transportation System." In Intelligent and Efficient Transport Systems - Design, Modelling, Control and Simulation. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90145.

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Conference papers on the topic "Narrow tilting vehicle"

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Claveau, F., Ph Chevrel, and L. Mourad. "Non-linear control of a Narrow Tilting Vehicle." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974300.

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Drew, Benjamin, Matt Barker, Kevin Edge, Jos Darling, and Geraint Owen. "Experimental Evaluation of a Hydraulically Actuated Tilt System for a Narrow Track Three-Wheeled Vehicle." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14606.

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The objective of the EU-funded CLEVER Project (Compact Low Emission VEhicle for uRban transport) is the design and development of a novel two-seat vehicle for individual urban transport providing car-like levels of comfort, safety and convenience with the lower emissions, noise levels and road footprints of motorcycles. A narrow three-wheeled tilting vehicle has been identified as the best method of achieving these goals. One problem with vehicles with a narrow track is the unstable roll moment created when cornering. To solve this issue, the vehicle's centre of gravity is moved towards the centre of the corner by tilting the vehicle in a similar manner to that of a motorcycle. An active tilting system using hydraulic actuation has been employed, allowing for car-like controls. A prototype vehicle has been built to test this active tilting system. Initial testing revealed that while basic steady state handling was good, transient response required improvement. The evidence indicating this poor response is examined, and the necessary methods employed within the control system to solve the issue are discussed. Improved results are presented following an increase in the system gain. The effects of different filter cutoff frequencies on the objective and subjective vehicle handling characteristics is also investigated and presented here. It is shown that when designing a three-wheeled tilting vehicle with the arrangement used in CLEVER, safe handling can only be achieved at the expense of fast tilt response. This is a result of fundamental limitations of the vehicle design.
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Robertson, James W., Jos Darling, and Andrew R. Plummer. "Path Following Performance of Narrow Tilting Vehicles Equipped With Active Steering." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82164.

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Narrow Tilting Vehicles offer an opportunity to reduce both traffic congestion and carbon emissions by having a small road footprint, low weight, and a small frontal area. Their narrow width requires that they tilt into corners to maintain stability; this may be achieved by means of an automated tilting system. Automated tilt control systems can be classed as Steering Tilt Control (STC) in which active control of the front wheel steer angle is used to maintain stability, Direct Tilt Control (DTC) in which some form of actuator is used to exert a moment between the tilting part(s) of the vehicle and a non-tilting base, or a combination of the two (SDTC). Combined SDTC systems have the potential to offer improved performance as, unlike STC systems, they are effective at low speeds whilst offering superior transient roll stability to DTC systems. However, alterations to the front wheel steer angle made by STC and SDTC systems may result in unwanted deviations from the driver’s intended path. This paper uses multi-body simulations of a three-wheeled Narrow Tilting Vehicle performing an emergency lane change manoeuvre to show that the path followed by a SDTC equipped vehicle in response to a given series of steer inputs differs significantly from that followed by a DTC equipped vehicle. It is also shown that by using a revised series of steer inputs, a vehicle equipped with SDTC is able to successfully follow a similar path to one equipped with DTC, and that the roll stability of the vehicle is not unduly compromised. Finally, the influence of higher DTC system gains on the SDTC system is considered. It is shown that the result is a small improvement in the vehicle’s path following response at the expense of a small reduction in vehicle roll stability.
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Sindha, Jigneshsinh, Basab Chakraborty, and Debashish Chakravarty. "Simulation Based Trajectory Analysis for the Tilt Controlled High Speed Narrow Track Three Wheeler Vehicle." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85087.

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Small sized three wheeler electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity in many developing countries because of its low cost operation and excellent manoeuvrability. However, usage of such a 3Ws usage is limited to low speed application such as last mile public transport. Vehicles with such configuration are not well accepted for personal mobility. If the safe speed of such a vehicles are improved, such a vehicles can also become viable to personal transport. Active tilt control (ATC) systems are seen as one of the possible solution to improve safe speed of narrow track 3Ws.Literature indicates that many attempts have been made for establishing active tilt control system on 3W vehicles for enhancing stability of ATC vehicles and promising results were obtained. This paper presents simulation based analysis of the ATC 3W electric vehicle. This work is part of full scale experimental prototype development for the narrow track ATC 3W vehicle with one wheel in front configuration. The primarily focus of this work is to address vehicle dynamics and trajectory related issue of the tilting 3Ws. A multi-body model of ATC 3W vehicle using single track lateral dynamic model with nonlinear tire characteristics was prepared in SimMechanics. The lateral dynamic outputs in terms of the trajectory followed by vehicle were compared for the constant steering inputs given to non-tilting vehicle, tilting vehicle with direct tilt control (DTC) system and tilting vehicle with Steering direct tilt control (SDTC) system. Two critical driving scenarios of U-turn and Lane change manoeuvre are analyzed. It is observed from the results that there is certain trade-off in selecting a tilt actuator and controller so as to minimize the jerks in the perceived acceleration due to high gain and minimize the tilt angle error to ensure proper stability improvement. It is also identified that the controller must be tuned to the predictable trajectory control, in addition to the main task of reducing the load transfer across the rear wheel axle. The model presented in the paper is used to understand the performance of DTC and SDTC control strategies during potentially dangerous manoeuvres. The desired path following ability of the vehicle is the main measures considered for the analysis.
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Chatterjee, Mayurika, Mangesh Kale, and B. N. Chaudhari. "Mathematical modelling of chassis dynamics of electric narrow tilting three wheeled vehicle." In 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443585.

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6

Furuichi, Hiroki, Jian Huang, Takayuki Matsuno, and Toshio Fukuda. "Dynamic model of three wheeled narrow tilting vehicle and corresponding experiment verification." In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386033.

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7

Kim, Shinhoon, John McPhee, and Nasser Lashgarian Azad. "Improving Stability of a Narrow Track Personal Vehicle using an Active Tilting System." In SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0087.

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8

Furuichi, Hiroki, Jian Huang, Takayuki Matsuno, and Toshio Fukuda. "Dynamic model of three wheeled Narrow Tilting Vehicle and optimal tilt controller design." In 2012 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2012.6492432.

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9

Kidane, S., L. Alexander, R. Rajamani, P. Starr, and M. Donath. "Control System Design for Full Range Operation of a Narrow Commuter Vehicle." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81090.

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Abstract:
One way of addressing the traffic congestion problem is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow commuter vehicles can be part of this solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable and easy to operate. In this paper the design of a control system that ensures the tilt stability of a narrow tilting vehicle from start up to highway speed without requiring any learned skill from the driver and without affecting the handling of the vehicle is presented. This proposed control scheme constitutes of two different controllers. For low speed operation of the vehicle a new and improved Direct Tilt Control system is designed that results in minimal transient torque requirement and zero steady state torque requirement. For higher operating speed of the vehicle a Steering Tilt Control based control law is designed to ensure tilt stability of the vehicle. Finally a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers is proposed. The performance of the compound control system is evaluated by simulations carried out for different vehicle operating conditions. Preliminary results on direct tilt control are presented.
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10

Cossalter, Vittore, Alberto Doria, and Marco Ferrari. "Potentialities of a Light Three-Wheeled Vehicle for Sustainable Mobility." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70048.

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Abstract:
Electric and hybrid vehicles with narrow track are very suited to sustainable urban mobility. A particular tilting three-wheeled vehicle has been developed at Padova University. It is composed of a tilting front module (one wheel) and a non-tilting rear module (two wheels). The lower part of the front module is connected to the upper part of the rear module by means of four revolute joints and two rockers. Therefore, the two modules of the vehicle and the two rockers make a four-bar linkage. A specific code for kinematic, dynamic and electric analysis of this vehicle has been developed, with the aim of showing the effects of linkage set-up and mass distribution on the handling and stability characteristics. Some numerical results are presented. This particular three-wheeled vehicle is well suited both to advanced electric and hybrid propulsion systems. A section of this paper shows the characteristics of an electric version for fast urban mobility, that is named E-Snake. The performances of E-Snake were assessed by means of many road tests and were confirmed when it participated in Formula Electric and Hybrid Italy: in 2008 E-Snake was the winner of its category. The last section of the paper deals with Hy-Snake, a new version of the three-wheeled vehicle for sustainable urban and sub-urban mobility. The principal feature of Hy-Snake is the series hybrid propulsion system. Some numerical results show the effectiveness of the integration between mechanical and electrical design. The propulsion system gives good performances and a proper set-up of the four-bar linkage makes the vehicle stable and easy to ride.
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