To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Nasal mite.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nasal mite'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 39 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nasal mite.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gunnarsson, Lotta. "Nasal mite infection of the dog : prevalence, diagnosis and treatment /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5920-6.pdf.
Full text
2
Nikasinovic, Lydia. "Le lavage nasal : mise au point, validation, applications clinique et épidémiologique." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P628.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse étudie l'intérêt clinique et épidémiologique d'une méthode de lavage nasal dans l'exploration de l'inflammation des voies aériennes, chez l'adulte et l'enfant. Une application clinique menée chez 13 enfants asthmatiques montre qu'il existe, entre les liquides de lavages nasal et bronchoalvéolaire, une corrélation en terme de polynucléaires neutrophiles. L'étude épidémiologique révèle que, chez 45 enfants asthmatiques allergiques, une exposition aux particules fines PM2,5, mesurée de façon personnalisée sur 48h, est associée aux nombres de polynucléaires neutrophiles et éosinophiles et aux niveaux en albumine, urée et alpha1-antitrypsine dans le liquide de lavage nasal. Cette association n'est pas retrouvée chez les enfants sains non atopiques (n=46). Ces résultats plaident en faveur du rôle des PM2,5, dans la sur-expression du phénotype allergique<br>This research describes the development of a nasal lavage method and its usefulness as a tool for the assessment of airways inflammation in clinical and epidemiological studies, in children as well as in adults. A clinical study conducted in 13 asthmatic children shows that a significant correlation between nasal and bronchoalveolar neutrophils exists when measured in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavages, respectively. Nasal lavage method used in an epidemiological study also reveals that, in asthmatic allergic children (n=45) but not in healthy children (n=46), nasal neutrophil and eosinophill and eosinophil counts are highly correlated to fine particles levels (PM2,5) measured in a personal way. Similar correlations are found with PM2,5 concentrations and nasal albumin, urea and alpha1-antitrypsin levels. These results support the hypothesis of PM2,5 involvement in allergic phenotype over-expression
3
Solberg, Bennett Jon. "Sleep patterns of naval aviation personnel conducting mine hunting operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FSolberg.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Human Systems Integration)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46). Also available in print.
4
Gulbransen, Brian D. "Nasal solitary chemoreceptor cells : cell turnover, nerve dependence, and detection capabilities /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. in Neuroscience) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-151). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
5
von, Bleichert Peter. "Port Security: The Terrorist Naval Mine/Underwater Improvised Explosive Device Threat." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/901.
Full textAbstract:
Terrorist naval mines/underwater improvised explosive devices (M/UWIEDs) are a threat to U.S. maritime ports, and could cause economic damage, panic, and mass casualties. The purpose of this case study was to examine this threat and propose reforms that improve port security management. The study aligned with the mission area analysis objective of identifying and assessing potential terrorist threats in order to preempt and prevent attacks. Von Bertalanffy's general systems theory was the framework for research questions, which focused on improvements in port security management to mitigate the threat of terrorist M/UWIEDs. Data collection included a document content analysis of open source/nonclassified crime reports, government threat assessments, and legislation; physical artifacts (port infrastructure) information; policy papers; maps, satellite imagery, and navigational charts; peer-reviewed academic literature; and direct observation of 2 California-based maritime ports and an inspection of their physical artifacts. Data were organized by general themes; coded axially and selectively; and analyzed by phrases, topics, and words associated with minelaying, mine countermeasures, and port security. Key findings were that, since 9/11, overall port security has improved, although there has been little progress in countering the threat presented by M/UWIEDs. Further, vulnerabilities exist that terrorists who seek to commit an M/UWIED attack or campaign could misuse. The findings from this study contribute to positive social change by providing data to key stakeholders responsible for counterterrorism, mine warfare, and port security, thereby contributing to overall U.S. homeland security.
6
Mou, Xiaomin 1977. "Nasal codas in Standard Chinese : a study in the framework of the distinctive feature theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35283.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2006.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-147).<br>Nasal codas in English and Standard Chinese (SC) are compared to distinguish between the acoustic correlates of language-universal distinctive features and language-specific enhancing attributes. The distinctive feature theory and the theory of enhancement provide a framework for quantifying the acoustic and articulatory patterns observed in the two languages. An acoustic model of nasalization is first presented, in which the area of the velopharyngeal port and the place of oral constriction are varied, in order to observe the behavior of the acoustic correlates for the feature [nasal] and to establish a quantal relation between the continuous displacement of the primary articulator and the acoustic consequence of this displacement. The first two experiments identify differences in the distribution of acoustic correlates of nasalization contained in the vowel transition and the murmur regions in vowel-nasal environments in English and SC. Results for the low vowel /a/ show a mapping based on vowel rather than coda similarity. Acoustic analysis shows that the SC vowel /a/ shifts in the frequency of the second formant (F2) depending on the nasal coda, while the English vowel does not.<br>(cont.) The SC mid vowel /e/ shifts in F2 while the SC high vowel /i/ does not. Furthermore, analysis of syllable-initial nasals in Chinese and English shows that the SC nasals behave like the English nasals. The third experiment is a perceptual study in which subjects are asked to make judgments of the place of articulation based on limited portions of stimuli that can be either nasal or non-nasal and contain one of the three vowels. The nasal place of articulation was identified best when the nasal was preceded by the mid vowel /e/, was identified less when followed by the low vowel /a/, and was identified the worst when the nasal was preceded by the high vowel /i/. Together, the results of these experiments suggest that language-specific constraints play an important role in determining the enhancing attributes that occur alongside languageuniversal features. The interactions of the distinctive features and the enhancing gestures may lead to differences in the acoustic manifestation of the same feature in different languages.<br>by Xiaomin Mou.<br>Ph.D.
7
Salmon, Daniel. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'administration nasale "in vivo" chez le rat." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P252.
Full text
8
Rodrigues, Neto Jose Augusto. "A mine search algorithm for the Naval Postgraduate School Autonomous Underwater Vehicle." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30542.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.<br>This thesis develops, implements and tests a mine search algorithm for the Naval Postgraduate School Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (Phoenix). The vehicle is 72 inches long and displaces 400 pounds. Its maneuvers are performed using two propellers and four thrustem. It contains two embedded computer systems. The algorithm directs the autonomous search of a specified area mapping all obstacles and computing an estimate of the cumulative probability of detection. The algorithm uses no prior knowledge of the terrain or the location of mines. The algorithm, which is written in Lisp, can execute on the vehicle's computer systems. Along with the search and mapping capabilities, the algorithm executes obstacle avoidance. The algorithm is tested in several simulated scenarios with different placement of mines and obstacles; the amount of resources used and the fraction of the area searched is computed. A similar algorithm that uses hill-climbing search is implemented for comparison. In all cases, the newly developed algorithm performed equal or better than the one that uses hill-climbing.
9
Valverde, Franco Gladys 1972. "The role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in post-natal cartilage and bone metabolism /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115917.
Full textAbstract:
FGFR 3 is one of a family of four high affinity receptors for FGF ligands. Activating mutations in FGFR 3 result in skeletal dysplasias that vary in severity from undetectable to neonatal lethal. Mice with congenital deficiency of FGFR3 develop severe kyphosis and skeletal overgrowth. FGFR3 is also expressed in calvarial pre-osteoblasts, osteoblast and articular chondrocytes, although it biological role in these cells remains undefined. By changing the genetic background of the Fgfr3-/- mice we were able to extend their lifespan and examine its impact on post-natal skeletal growth. To investigate the implication of FGFR 3 in post-natal cartilage and bone metabolism we used a combination of imaging, classic histology, molecular biology and biomechanical testing. The results demonstrated that the synovial joints of young adult Fgfr3-/- mice revealed a progressive deterioration, loss of the joint space width and changes in the subchondral bone. These alterations were accompanied by an increase of cartilage matrix degradation. Increased aggrecan and collagen type II degradation products, generated by MMPs were detected with DIAPEN and COL2-3/4C antibodies. Increased collagen type X, cellular hypertrophy and loss of proteoglycan at the articular surface were also demonstrated. A novel micro-mechanical indentation protocol revealed that the humeral heads of Fgfr3-/- mice were less stiff than those of wild type littermates. On the other hand, young adult Fgfr3-/- mice are osteopenic due to reduced cortical bone thickness and defective trabecular bone mineralization. The reduction in mineralized bone and lack of trabecular connectivity observed by micro-computed tomography were confirmed by histological and histomorphometric analyses, which revealed a significant decrease in calcein labeling of mineralizing surfaces and a significant increase in osteoid in the long bones of 4-month-old Fgfr3-/- mice. Primary cultures of adherent bone marrow-derived cells from Fgfr3-/- mice expressed markers of differentiated osteoblasts but developed fewer mineralized nodules than Fgfr3+/+ cultures of the same age. These data point to a major role for FGFR3 signaling in development and homeostatic maintenance of cartilage and bone post-natally and identify FGFR3 as a potential target for intervention in degenerative disorders of cartilage, osteopenia and those associated with defective bone mineralization.
10
Truter, Erika Mare. "Chitosan derived formulations and EmzaloidTM technology for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria : nasal efficacy in mice / Erika M. Truter." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/858.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have demonstrated that chitosan and its derivative, N-trimethyl chitosan
chloride (TMC) are effective and safe absorption enhancers to improve mucosal delivery
of macromolecular drugs including vaccines. Furthermore, chitosan and TMC can easily
form microparticles and nanoparticles, which have the ability to encapsulate large
amounts of antigens. Emzaloid™ technology has proven in the past to be an effective
delivery system for numerous drugs. Emzaloids can entrap, transport and deliver large
amounts of drugs including vaccines.
In this study, the ability of chitosan microparticles and nanoparticles, TMC microparticles
as well as micrometer and nanometer range Emzaloids to enhance both the systemic and
mucosal (local) immune response against diphtheria toxoid (DT) after nasal
administration in mice was investigated.
The above mentioned formulations were prepared and characterised according to size and
morphology. DT was then associated to the chitosan microparticles and nanoparticles as
well as TMC microparticles to determine the antigen loading and release. It was found
that the loading efficacy of the formulations was 88.9 %, 27.74 % and 63.1 %
respectively, and the loading capacity of the formulations was 25.7 %, 8.03 % and
18.3 %.
DT loaded and unloaded (empty) chitosan microparticles and nanoparticles, TMC
microparticles, micrometer and nanometer range Emzaloids as well as DT in phosphate
buffered saline (PBS) were administered nasally to mice. Mice were also vaccinated
subcutaneous with DT associated to alum as a positive control. All mice were vaccinated
on three consecutive days in week 1 and boosted in week 3. Sera was analysed for anti-
DT IgG and nasal lavages were analysed for anti-DT IgA using an enzyme linked
imrnunosorbent assay (ELISA).
In the study conducted to determine the systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) immune
responses it was seen that DT associated to all the experimental formulations produced a
systemic immune response. The said formulations produced a significantly higher
systemic immune response when compared to the formulation of DT in PBS.
Furthermore, the mice vaccinated with DT associated to the TMC formulations showed a
much higher systemic immune response than the mice that were vaccinated
subcutaneously with DT associated to alum, whereas the other formulations produced
systemic immune responses that were comparable to that of DT associated to alum. It was
also found that DT associated to the experimental formulations produced a local immune
response, however only DT associated to TMC microparticles produced a consistent local
immune response.
It can be concluded from the in vivo experiments that the TMC formulations, moreover,
the TMC microparticles is the most effective and promising formulation for the nasal
delivery of vaccines.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
11
Nikasinovic, Lydia. "Mise au point du lavage nasal dans l'exploration de l'inflammation des voies aériennes supérieures chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P174.
Full text
12
Buthelezi, Mbekezeli Simphiwe. "A critical evaluation of local level responses to mine closure in the Northwestern KwaZulu-Natal coal belt region, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005497.
Full textAbstract:
The de-industrialisation process that was a common feature of North America and Western Europe in the 1970s, through into the 1980s has become an observable feature in African countries and South Africa in particular in the last two decades. Globally, hard hit areas include those associated with the early Industrial Revolution characterised by mass production and the agglomeration of iron and steel, coal and textile industries. General changes in the global market, especially the falling demand for extractive heavy minerals like coal and gold have also affected many countries region and localities. In the case of South Mrica, the previous high economic dependence on mined minerals like coal and gold has resulted in many once prosperous mining regions of the country being reduced to a shadow of their former selves. The worst affected areas in South Africa are those of the Klerksdorp Goldfields in the North West Province and Free State Goldfields, with the latter alone losing 100,000 jobs during the 1990s. This trend has also been acute in the coal-mining industry of the KwaZulu-Natal province since the late 1970s. The firms that had grown in the shadow of the major mining company supplyipg machinery, or who processed the semi-manufactured product are also severely affected by the closing down and restructuring in the mining and iron industries. These industries have often been forced to close down because of a break in the vital connections they developed with these mining industries. Such localised economic crisis has encouraged the universal trend towards the devolution of developmental responsibilities to the local governments and other local stakeholders to - empower them to respond to these changes. This study investigated the local economic initiatives which have been undertaken in the three municipalities of north-western KwaZulu Natal i.e. Utrecht, Dundee and Dannhauser to respond to the closures which have taken place in the mining industry of this region, which used to be among the most prosperous coal mining regions of South Africa. Using their new developmental mandate the local governments, in partnership with the communities and other external interveners have tried to respond to these localised economic crisis and also indirectly to the general poverty and underdevelopment, which characterises this region of KwaZulu-Natal. The effects of apartheid policies, and previous discriminatory rural development policies in, particular, and the Regional Industrial Development policy, which was intensively applied in the 1980s by the pre-1994 government regime, have further compounded the magnitude of the challenge. The lack of capacity in some municipalities has constrained successful implementation of Local Economic Development has led to some communities acting alone to face their situation with or without external intervention.
13
Fahlman, Johan. "En geokemisk kartering över området kring Nasa silvergruva : Effekterna av historisk gruvdrift i svensk fjällmiljö." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61635.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to map the extent of Fe, Cu, Pb, As, Zn and S contamination in the area surrounding the Nasa silver mine. The mine operated between 1635 and 1810 with some prospecting performed in 1889, and has become infamous for the gruesome ways that the indigenous people were treated during the early years of operation. This study tested three hypotheses through a geochemical survey: 1) sulfide oxidation is still active in the abandoned mine, 2) the soil downslope of the mine is contaminated by mine drainage, and 3) the stream downslope of the mine is affected in the same way. All three hypotheses were valid, as the results showed that still, >200 years after mining operations ceased, signs of the historical mining are clearly visible in the surrounding environment. Acidic conditions were discovered in surface waters close to the waste rock piles, which indicates active sulfide oxidation. In addition, elevated levels of Fe, Cu, Pb, As, Zn and S were found in both soil and stream sediment downslope of the mines, as compared to reference localities upstream the mine (p <0.05). These results suggest that previous assessments of the mine being no threat to the environment may not be entirely correct. This study illustrates how mining waste can continue to affect the local, sub-arctic environment long after mining operations have ceased.
14
Bentz, Gustav. "Fighting Springboks : C Company, Royal Natal carbineers : from Premier Mine to Po Valley, 1939 - 1945." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85636.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MMil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Germany’s declaration of war on Poland on 1 September 1939 and the consequent war in Europe not only found the Union of South Africa politically divided but militarily unprepared to fight a modern war let alone make any worthwhile contribution toward its European allies’ war effort. The task of getting South Africa into the fight fell to newly appointed Prime Minister J.C. Smuts who cleverly outmanoeuvred J.B.M. Hertzog as leader of the nation. Not only was the Union Defence Force (UDF) severely ravaged by several budget cuts during and after the depression but it seemed to have no inclination of embracing the kind of mechanisation that was the hallmark of most European armies. Within the space of a year Smuts managed to transform the UDF and on 17 July 1940 the 1st South African Infantry Brigade set sail for East Africa where Mussolini’s Italians reigned supreme after brushing aside a couple of British border guards and laying claim to a few miles of British territory. One of the units dispatched by Smuts was the 1st Royal Natal Carbineers from Pietermaritzburg in Natal. Throughout the campaign the Regiment’s C Company fought with distinction but had the dubious honour of being the South African unit that suffered the most casualties during the whole campaign. Several of C Company’s men then become the vehicles through which the remainder of the war is experienced as the men were moved from one theatre of battle to another. Through their eyes the hunting trips into the East African bush and the death of their Commanding Officer, among other things, are relived. The victorious Springboks are then sent to Egypt where they were needed in an effort to break the deadlock that existed between the British 8th Army and the German Afrika Korps. Amidst the ebb and flow of the battle the men of C Company still found time to experience the sights and sounds of Africa’s most populous cities, Cairo and Alexandria. Here many young soldiers were exposed to pleasures and pastimes not to be had back in the Union. In spite of the eventual defeat of the German forces North Africa C Company witnessed the destruction of the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh and suffered the loss of a combined platoon when Tobruk capitulated on 21 June 1942. After a brief period on home leave in 1943 C Company was back in action, this time in Italy as part of the 6th South African Armoured Division. Here they faced mountains, heavy snow and an enemy desperately fighting for every hill, stream and building. In the months which followed C Company were often in the midst of the action and many men lost close friends on the slopes of the Italian mountains. As final victory became apparent during the first months of 1945, C Company’s men began preparing for their post-war lives and when the first planes and ships left for the union at the end of April 1945 the men felt that they have served their country well and did their regiment proud.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten tyde van Duitsland se oorlogsverklaring Pole op 1 September 1939 wat die weg gebaan het het vir die gevolglike oorlog in Europa was die Unie van Suid-Afrika nie net polities verdeel nie maar ook militêr onvoorbereid op 'n moderne oorlog. Die kans dat Suid Afrika n beduidende bydrae tot sy Europese bondgenote se oorlogspoging sou kon maak was ook skraal. Die taak om Suid-Afrika voor te berei vir die komende stryd het op die skouers van die nuutaangestelde premier J.C. Smuts gerus wat deur middel van politieke manuvrering vir J.B.M. Hertzog uitoorlê het as leier van die volk. Nie net was die Unie Verdedigings Mag (UVM) erg uitgemergel deur verskeie besnoeings in sy begroting tydens en ná die depressie nie, maar daar was klaarblyklik geen begrip vir die proses van meganisasie gehad waarmee die meeste Europese weermagte doenig was nie. Binne die bestek van 'n jaar het Smuts daarin geslaag om die UVM te transformeer en op 17 Julie 1940 seil die 1ste Suid-Afrikaanse Infanterie Brigade Oos-Afrika toe waar Mussolini se magte die kruin van die golf ry nadat hulle ‘n paar Britse grensposte eenkant toe gevee het en 'n paar myl Britse grondgebied beset het. Die 1st Royal Natal Carbineers van Pietermaritzburg was een van die eenhede wat in Oos Afrika teen die Italianers sou veg. Tydens die veldtog veg die Regiment met onderskeiding, maar verwerf ook die twyfelagtige eer om die Suid-Afrikaanse eenheid te wees wat die meeste ongevalle gely het gedurende die hele veldtog. Verskeie van C Kompanie se manne word gebruik as ‘n lens waardeur die res van die oorlog ervaar word soos die troepe van een front na die ander verskuif word. Deur middel van hul wedervaringe word, onder andere, die jagtogte in die Oos-Afrikaanse bos en die dood van hul bevelvoerder herleef. Na Oos-Afrika word die seëvierende Springbokke na Egipte gestuur waar hulle benodig word om die Britse 8ste Leër by te staan in in die stryd teen die Duitse Afrika Korps. Te midde van die stryd kom die manne van C Kompanie nog tyd vind om Afrika se mees digbevolkte stede, Kaïro en Alexandrië te besoek waar baie jong soldate blootgestel is aan genot en tydverdryf wat nie beskikbaar was in die Unie nie. Ten spyte van die uiteindelike nederlaag van die Duitse magte in Noord-Afrika was C Kompanie teenwoordig tydens die vernietiging van die 5de Suid-Afrikaanse Brigade by Sidi Rezegh en ervaar ook die verlies van 'n gekombineerde peloton toe Tobruk oorgegee op 21 Junie 1942. Na 'n kort tydperk in Suid Afrika is C Kompanie terug in aksie, hierdie keer in Italië as deel van die 6de Suid-Afrikaanse Pantserdivisie. Hier word hulle gekonfronteer deur berge, swaar sneeu en 'n vyand wat desperaat veg vir elke heuwel, stroom en bouval. In die daaropvolgende maande bevind C Kompanie hom dikwels te midde van die aksie sterf vele goeie vriende teen die hange van die Italiaanse bergreekse. Namate dit duidelik begin raak dat die Duitsers die oorlog gaan verloor begin C Kompanie se manne hulself voorberei vir hul na-oorlogse lewens. Met die vertrek van die eerste vliegtuie en skepe na die Unie teen die einde van April 1945 was die manne van Natal oortuig daarvan dat hulle hul land na die beste van hulle vermoë gedien het en dat hulle die goeie naam van hulle regiment gestand gedoen het.
15
Yoshizaki, Kelly. "Efeito subcrônico do diesel no epitélio nasal e na via aérea em modelo murino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-12012011-175020/.
Full textAbstract:
A combustão do diesel (DEP) é a principal fonte de partículas ultrafinas (PUFs) relacionadas à poluição causada pelo tráfego. Indivíduos com doenças respiratórias crônicas estão propensos a exacerbações durante a exposição à poluição ambiente. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de exposição subcrônica a uma baixa dose de partículas de combustão de diesel (DEP). 90 camundongos machos BALB/c foram divididos em 3 grupos: (a) Controle: instilação nasal de solução salina (n = 30); (b) DEP15: 15?g de DEP/10?l de solução salina (n = 30); e (c) DEP30: 30?g de DEP/10?l de solução salina (n = 30) durante cinco dias por semana, por 30 e 60 dias. Os animais foram anestesiados com pentobarbital de sódio (50mg/kg ip) e sacrificados por exanguinação. A contagem de células inflamatórias e as concentrações de interleucinas (IL) -4, -10, -13 e -17 no lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) foram avaliadas por ensaio imunoenzimático (Elisa). mRNA da MUC5ac foi avaliado por PCR em tempo real. A análise histológica do septo nasal e bronquíolos foi realizada para avaliar: (a) a espessura do epitélio brônquico e nasal, (b) o conteúdo de muco neutro e ácido na mucosa nasal. Nossos resultados mostraram que a instilação de DEP30 após 30 dias aumentou o número de células inflamatórias totais em relação ao controle (p=0,033). Ao comparar os resultados de DEP30 com o grupo Controle após 60 dias observamos os seguintes aumentos: (a) na expressão de MUC5AC nos pulmões (p = 0,016), no conteúdo de muco ácido no septo nasal (p = 0,017), nas células inflamatórias totais no LBA (p<0,001), no número de macrófagos no LBA (p=0,035) e na espessura do epitélio nasal (p=0,042). Nossos dados sugerem que dose baixa de DEP induz inflamação do trato respiratório com padrão tempo-dependente.<br>Diesel exhaust is the major source of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in trafficrelated pollution. Subjects with chronic respiratory diseases have great risk of exacerbations during exposure to air pollution. This study evaluated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to a low dose of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). Ninety male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: (a) Control: nasal saline instillation (n=30); (b) DEP15: nasal instillation of 15?g of DEP/10?l of saline (n=30); and (c) DEP30: nasal instillation of 30?g of DEP/10?l of saline (n=30). Nasal instillations were performed five-days a week, during 30 e 60 days. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50mg/kg i.p), and sacrificed by exsanguination. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess inflammatory cell count and concetrations of interleukin (IL)-4, -10, -13 and -17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RNAm MUC5ac gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Histological analysis in nasal septum and bronchioles assessed: (a) bronchial and nasal epithelium thickness (b) acidic and neutral nasal mucous content. Our results showed that the instillation of DEP30 after 30 days increased the number of total inflammatory cells, as compared to the Control group (p = 0.033). The results of DEP30 after 60 days showed increases in: (a) the expression of MUC5AC in the lungs (p = 0.016); (b) acidic mucus production in the nasal septum (p = 0.017); (c) total inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid (p <0.001); (d) the number of macrophages in BALF (p = 0.035); and (d) nasal epithelium thickness (p = 0.042), as compared with control after 60 days. Our data suggest that a low dose of DEP induces inflammation of the respiratory tract in a time- dependent manner.
16
Kieling, Karin. "Efeitos do estresse pré-natal sobre a atividade de linfócitos de uma prole de camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-17122009-110847/.
Full textAbstract:
Sabe-se que o feto é vulnerável a modificações do millieu materno, especificamente, a exposição a um estressor ativa sistemas neuroendócrinos (expoentes o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenais HPA e o sistema nervoso autônomo simpático SNAS). Quando no terço final da gestação, essas mudanças podem interferir com o desenvolvimento/ maturação neuroimune. Estudos prévios de nosso grupo demonstraram que, o estresse pré-natal diminuiu significativamente a imunidade inata e aumentou o turnover de noradrenalina hipotalâmica de camundongos, dados que somados a outros de literatura levaram aos objetivos deste trabalho: analisar os efeitos de um estresse pré-natal sobre parâmetros de linfócitos de camundongos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a aplicação de choques nas patas (0,2 mA, 10 choques/sessão), tanto no terço final gestacional quanto após desafio agudo pós-natal, contudo, não modificou significativamente os parâmetros linfocitários avaliados. Baseado nisto, levantamos hipóteses: 1- a existência de vias de redundância fisiológica capacitaria o organismo a manter sua homeostasia frente aos estressores empregados; 2- inaptidão do modelo de estresse empregado; 3- ausência de desafio imune prévio à análise de um sistema que é responsivo (adaptativo). A primeira hipótese confirmou-se quando desenvolvemos como estresse pós-natal o modelo do estresse do metrô de Nova Iorque; a segunda hipótese confirmou-se também verdadeira através de desafio em modelo experimental de a asma OVA-induzida; finalmente, a terceira hipótese foi confirmada por estudos de outros autores.<br>As a consequence of his fast development, the fetus is vulnerable to modifications from the hormonal maternal millieu. This is explained mainly by the permeability of the placentary barrier to several hormones and substances. Specifically, it is known that the maternal exposition to a stressor activates neuroendocrine systems (exponents, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis HPA, and the sympathetic autonomic nervous system SANS), causing an exaggerated production of neuropeptides, which have the potential to change the motherly-fetus homeostasis. When this unbalance occurs in the final three months of pregnancy, it may impact fetal systems that are still being developed/matured, as the immune and nervous systems. According to previous studies, the prenatal-stress proposed in this work was able to produce a significant decrease on innate immunity as assessed by the evaluation of the activity of peritoneal macrophages; it was also, a significant increment in hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover. Such prenatal events, could be derived and/or reflect a lost in adaptative immunity homeostasis. The objective of this work was, thus, to analyze lymphocyte parameters of prenatal stressed mice. A footshock stress (0,2 mA, 10 shocks of 5 seconds each/session) was applied both in the final third of gestation and/or in the postnatal adult life. Those stressors was anable to affect the lymphocytes viability and their subpopulation patterns token from peripheral blood; the esplenic lymphocytes proliferation ratio were also not changed. Those results suggested that: 1- the stress model was not effective; 2- the obtained results reflected the absence of an immune challenge applied previous by the experiments performedb; 3- the existence of physiologic redundancies turns the organisms able to react in a homeostatic way even exposed to stress situations.
17
Udovicic, Sylvie. "La voie nasale : voie d'administration à visée systémique : mise au point et évaluation de différentes formes galéniques à base de morphine." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P209.
Full text
18
Júnior, João Antonio Gimenes. "Papel dos hormônios sexuais femininos na inflamação pulmonar aguda e na reatividade das vias aéreas após instilação nasal de LPS em camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-17062014-092827/.
Full textAbstract:
Lesão pulmonar aguda é caracterizada por infiltrado de neutrófilos no pulmão, edema, lesão alveolar difusa e alteração da reatividade das vias aéreas. Evidências clínicas e experimentais sugerem que os hormônios sexuais femininos (HSF) modulam a inflamação. Nesse estudo camundongos fêmeas C57BL/6 foram ovariectomizados (OVx) ou falsamente operados, com ovários mantidos (Sham). Após 7 dias foi realizada instilação nasal de LPS (ou salina como controle). Após 4 ou 24 h os experimentos foram conduzidos. Os resultados obtidos 24 h após o LPS mostram aumento de neutrófilos, IL-1b e de óxido nítrico (NO) e redução de IL-10 no pulmão dos animais OVx em relação aos Sham. Também foi observada redução da reatividade traqueal e da resistência e elastância pulmonar dos animais OVx. O tratamento dos animais OVx com 17b-estradiol ou progesterona antes do LPS reverteram esses efeitos. Os dados mostram que 4 h após o LPS a OVx não altera a inflamação e a reatividade das vias aéreas. Pode-se concluir nesse modelo experimental que os HSF exerçam papel de proteção ao organismo.<br>Acute lung injury is characterized by lung neutrophil infiltration, edema, diffuse alveolar damage and changes in airway reactivity. Clinical and experimental evidences suggest that the female sex hormones (FSH) modulate the inflammation. In this study, female mice C57BL/6 were ovariectomized (OVx) or not (Sham). After 7 days, LPS or saline (as control) were intranasally instillated. After 4 or 24 h the experiments were carried. We observed, 24 h after LPS, increase in neutrophil, IL-1b and nitric oxide (NO) and reduction of IL-10 in the lungs of OVx compared to Sham. We also noted reduced tracheal reactivity and lung resistance and elastance in OVx animals. Treatment of OVx with 17b-estradiol or progesterone before LPS reversed these effects. The data show that 4 h after LPS, the OVx does not promote inflammation and airway reactivity. We can conclude that in our experimental model, FSH exert protective role.
19
Roman, Silvane Souza. "Avaliação toxicológica de compostos orgânicos de telúrio sobre o desenvolvimento pré-natal em camundongos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4425.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that most chemical agents readily cross the placenta and thus may be considered that maternal exposure to external agents can result in toxic effects on embryo-fetal organism. Considering the chemical characteristics of organotellurium compounds, such as lipid solubility and molecular weight that facilitate the cross placental barrier, toxicological studies should be conducted to verify the effects of these compounds on intrauterine development in experimental models. Furthermore, organotellurium compounds have been reported as a promising alternative in health by showing pharmacological properties in different models in which oxidative stress plays a role. Based on these considerations, this thesis investigated the toxic effects of organotellurium compounds, with emphasis on embryonic and fetal development in mice. Article 1, the maternal exposure to diphenyl ditelluride (PhTe)2 at single dose of 60 mg/kg, s.c on GD 4 or GD 14 was embryotoxic in the absence of maternal toxicity but different from the results in rats, which was toxic to the dams and teratogenic to fetus at dose extremely lower than that of mice. These findings showed that pharmacokinetic factors may be involved in susceptibility to teratogenesis differences between rats and mice as well as the period of gestation. In the first manuscript, mice orally exposed to a single dose of 32.8 mg/kg of 1-butyltellurenyl-2-methyl thioheptene (BTMT) at GD 8, one day of the organogenesis period, did not altered the parameters of maternal and fetal oxidative stress, but was embryolethal in the absence of maternal toxicity. These results indicate embryolethality caused by BTMT in mice. In the second manuscript, the exposure to 2-phenylethynyl-butyl tellurium (PEB) in mice at single dose of 10 mg/kg did not induce maternal toxicity, but affect the reproductive sucess at GD 14. In mice, the acute exposure to different organotellurium compounds at doses considerably high showed adverse effects on intrauterine development ranging from discrete embryotoxic insult to embryolethality. We assume that the main reason for the different effects found for PEB and BTMT when compared to (PhTe)2 is that the molecular structures of these organotellurium are very different. Ditellurides are more reactive than tellurides because of the weak Te-Te bond when compared to the Te-carbon bond, since biotransformation process has been seem to be important for the actions of these compounds in vivo. Together, these data suggest that acute exposure to different organic compounds of tellurium induced adverse effects on intrauterine development dependent on the route of administration, the chemical structure of compounds, dose, animal species and period of gestation, therefore making it difficult to compare effects seen in the article with the results of manuscripts 1 and 2, but that does not impossible or discarded the importance of continuity and further research into the pharmacological and toxicological properties of these compounds.<br>É sabido que a maioria dos agentes químicos atravessam facilmente a placenta e, dessa maneira, pode-se considerar que a exposição materna a agentes externos pode resultar em efeitos tóxicos sobre o organismo embrio-fetal. Considerando as características químicas dos compostos orgânicos de telúrio, tais como a solubilidade lipídica e o peso molecular o que possibilitaria a passagem pela barreira placentária, estudos toxicológicos devem ser conduzidos a fim de verificar os efeitos desses compostos sobre o desenvolvimento intrauterino em modelos experimentais. Além do mais, compostos orgânicos de telúrio têm sido vistos como uma alternativa promissora na área da saúde por apresentarem propriedades farmacológicas em diferentes modelos em que o estresse oxidativo está envolvido. Baseado nisso, esta tese propôs verficar o efeito toxicológico de compostos orgânicos de telúrio com ênfase sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal em camundongos. No artigo 1, a exposição materna ao ditelureto de difenila (PhTe)2 na dose aguda de 60 mg/kg, via subcutânea, foi embriotóxico no 4º e 14º dia de gestação e na ausência de toxicidade materna, mas diferente dos resultados obtidos em ratos (em nosso laboratório), que foi tóxico para as mães e teratogênico para os fetos, com dose extremamente inferiores a de camundongos. Esses achados mostram que fatores farmacocinéticos podem estar envolvidos na diferença de suscetibilidade a teratogênese entre ratos e camundongos, como também o período da gestação. No manuscrito 1, a administração aguda de 1-butiltelurenil-2-metil tiohepteno (BTMT) na dose de 32,8 mg/kg, via oral, no 8º dia de gestação, um dos dias do período da organogênese em camundongos, não alterou os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo materno e fetal, porém foi embrioletal na ausência de toxicidade materna. Esses resultados indicaram a embrioletalidade causada pelo BTMT. No manuscrito 2, a administração de 2-feniletinil-butil telúrio (PEB) na dose aguda por via oral de 10 mg/kg não induz a toxicidade materna, mas afeta o sucesso reprodutivo no 14º dia de gestação. Pode-se supor que a principal razão para os efeitos diferentes encontrados para o PEB e ao BTMT quando comparados com o (PhTe)2, é que a estrutura química dos diteluretos e dos monoteluretos, já estudadas e relatadas na literatura é muito diferente. Isso porque os diteluretos são mais reativos que teluretos por causa da fraca ligação Te-Te quando comparado com a ligação Te-carbono, uma vez que o processo de biotransformação parece ser importante para as ações desses compostos in vivo. Juntos, estes dados sugerem que a exposição aguda aos diferentes compostos orgânicos de telúrio induziu a efeitos adversos sobre o desenvolvimento intrauterino dependentes da via de administração, estrutura química dos compostos, dose, espécie animal e período da gestação, portanto, tornando difícil a comparaçao dos efeitos observados no artigo com os resultados dos manuscritos 1 e 2, mas que não impossibilitam ou descartam a continuidade e a importância de pesquisas adicionais sobre as propriedades farmacológicas e toxicológicas destes compostos.
20
Antunes, Catia S. R. "Malaria parasites : oral and nasal inoculation of mice with iRBC's & development of P. falciparum mutants with the CRISPR/cas9 system." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/malaria-parasites-oral-and-nasal-inoculation-of-mice-with-irbcs--development-of-p-falciparum-mutants-with-the-crisprcas9-system(bb845996-c41e-4fe7-9d24-17584b9dade8).html.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus and in 2015 around 214,000,000 new cases of malaria infection occurred resulting in 438,000 deaths worldwide. Currently, there is no available vaccine against malaria and despite efforts, mainly channelled into subunit vaccines, immunogenicity is often low. In this work, whole live blood stage Plasmodium was used in oral and nasal inoculation of mice to test for infectivity and immunogenicity. Oral inoculation resulted in infection of some mice while none of those inoculated nasally became infected. Both oral and nasal inoculation, despite not providing protection, allowed for extended survival of inoculated individuals. Given that survival was increased by inoculating animals solely with live parasites, the results detailed in this work show that this approach holds great applicational potential, as coupling oral and nasal inoculation with live parasites and a powerful adjuvant may be the key to unlock full protection. In connection with inoculation of live parasites, this work also aimed at producing a Plasmodium falciparum mutant expressing Salmonella’s FimH+ glycoprotein as to allow its detection by M cells in the gut. This was to be achieved by a modified version of the CRISPR/Cas9 system which would bear a double guide RNA instead of a single. However, this was not possible as the resulting CRISPR plasmid contained an extremely high AT-content becoming toxic to E. coli. In addition to these two main goals, a few molecular techniques crucial for malaria research were improved and a detection method of avian malaria was developed.
21
Cleghorn, Charles 1970. "Effect of soil covers on coal waste dumps in KwaZulu-Natal on abiotic factors and bacteria causing acid mine drainage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55521.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The activity of iron-oxidizing bacteria, for example, Thiobacillut. ferrooxidans, in the outer layers of
coal waste dumps results in the oxidation of pyrite with the formation of large volumes of acid mine
drainage. The process requires atmospheric oxygen and moisture. Acid mine drainage may possibly
be controlled by creating unfavourable environmental conditions in dumps for the iron-oxidizing
bacteria. The present research investigated the possibility of inhibiting these bacteria and
consequently acid formation in coal waste dumps by means of different dump construction
techniques.
Physical and chemical conditions, acid formation and populations of four groups of bacteria which
might produce acid were studied in the outer layers of ten differently constructed pilot scale coal
waste dumps at the Kilbarchan Mine near Newcastle, Kwazulu-Natal, from September 1993 to July
1995. Dump covers consisting of a 30-cm or 70-cm layer of Estcourt soil of low permeability
covered with 70 cm or 30 cm, respectively, of more permeable Avalon soil produced anaerobic
conditions in the dumps throughout most of the 22 months of the test period, as did a cover of 70 cm
compacted plus 30 cm uncompacted Avalon soil alone. An uncoMpacted 30-cm or compacted 50-
cm Avalon soil cover proved ineffective in causing prolonged anaerobic conditions. Uncovered
dumps showed only slight reduction of oxygen in the coal waste after heavy rains.
Pockets of acidity were detected on several occasions in the coal waste below the 50-cm Avalon soil
layer from the time of construction and progressively increasing acidity in the uncovered dumps and
the waste below the 30-cm Avalon soil cover. Iron-oxidizing bacterial populations of the T.
ferrooxidans type have tended to be higher in the uncovered dumps and Avalon soil-covered dumps
showing acidification than in the non-acidified dumps covered with 1 m of Avalon soil or Avalon and
Estcourt soil. Associated populations of iron-oxidizing bacteria of the Metallogenium type,
acidophilic and non-acidophilic thiosulphate-oxidizing bacteria were generally low in the coal waste
of the dumps.
Thus, five of the soil covers, all with a thickness of 1 m, but not covers with a thickness of 0.5 m or
less, proved effective for almost 2 years in inhibiting the diffusion of oxygen to the underlying coal
waste in the pilot scale dumps and also appeared to suppress the populations of iron-oxidizing bacteria believed to be implicated in acid formation in the coal waste. These results suggest that coal
waste dumps in South Africa should be covered with soil layers of 0.5-1.0 m thick to prevent the
generation of acid mine drainage.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aktiwiteit van ysteroksiderende bakteriee soos Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, in die buitenste lae van
steenkoolafvalhope, veroorsaak die oksidasie van piriet met die gevolg dat groot volumes suur
mynafloopwater gevorm word. Hierdie proses benodig suurstof en vog. Suur mynafloopwater kan
moontlik beheer word deur 'n situasie te skep waar die toestande in die hope ongunstig is vir die
ysteroksiderende bakteriee. Die huidige navorsing het die moontlikheid ondersoek om hierdie
bakteriee te inhibeer deur verskillende afvalhoopontwerpe op die proef te stel en sodoende
suurvorming in steenkoolmynhope te beperk.
Die fisiese en chemies kondisies, suurvorming en populasies van vier verskillende bakterie-groepe
wat dalk by suurvorming betrokke is, is vanaf September 1993 tot Julie 1995 bestudeer in die
buitenste lae van tien verskillend gekonstrueerde loodsskaalafvalhope by die Kilbarchan myn naby
Newcastle in KwaZulu-Natal. Afvalhoopbedekkings bestaande uit 'n 30-cm of 70-cm Estcourt
grond met 'n lae permeabiliteit bedek met'n 70-cm of 30-cm laag van meer deurlaatbare Avalon
grond het anaerobe kondisies veroorsaak. Ongekompakteerde 30-cm en gekompakteerde 50-cm
Avalon grondlae het egter nie bestendige anaerobe kondisies in die hope veroorsaak nie. Die
onbedekte hope het aerobics gebly met slegs effense dalings van suurstofkonsentrasies gedurende en
na swaar reens.
Geisoleerde monsters uit die steenkoolafval onder die 50-cm Avalon grondlaag het vanaf die begin
van die toetsperiode tekens van suurvorming getoon. Die onbedekte steenkoolafval en die van die
sel met 'n 30-cm Avalon grondlaag het met verloop van tyd al hoe meer suur geword. Die
ysteroksiderende bakterie-populasies van die T. ferrooxidans tipe het geblyk om in die onbedekte en
Avalon grondbedekte hope wat tekens van suurvorming getoon het hoer te wees as in die hope wat
met 'n 1-m laag Avalon grond of Avalon en Estcourt grond bedek is en geen tekens van
suurvorming getoon het nie. Ysteroksiderende bakteriepopulasies van die Metallogenium tipe, nieasidofiele
en asidofiele tiosulfaatoksiderende populasies was oor die algemeen laag in die
steenkoolafvalhope.
Vyf van die grondlae wat alma! 1 m dik was het dus geblyk om effektief te wees in die bekamping
van die infiltrasie van suurstof na die onderliggende steenkoolafval in die loodskaalhope. Dit lyk asof
daardie lae die ysteroksiderende populasies betrokke by suurvorming onderdruk het. Die 0.5-m grondbedekking het egter nie so 'n sterk onderdrukkende effek op die suurstofinfiltrasie of die
bakteriepopulasie gehad nie. Na aanleiding van hierdie resultate blyk dit dat steenkoolafvalhope in
Suid-Afrika met minstens 0.5 tot 1..0 m grond bedek moet word om effektief die probleem van suur
mynafloopwater te bekamp.
22
Modinger, Heinrich. "Micro-organisms involved in iron oxidation and acid mine drainage formation in KwaZulu-Natal and their control by soil covers on coal waste dumps." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55926.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.<br>One copy microfiche.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The biologically catalysed oxidation of pyrite in the outer layers of coal waste dumps leads to the
formation of acid mine drainage. The oxidation of pyrite to ferric iron and sulphate is a complex
process involving various abiotic and biologically catalysed reactions. Pyrite is abiotically
oxidized by ferric iron, with the formation of thiosulphate and ferrous iron. Thiosulphate
decomposes to form various inorganic sulphur compounds. Bacterial catalysis of pyrite oxidation
is achieved by iron-oxidizing bacteria oxidizing ferrous iron to ferric iron. Bacteria that oxidize
sulphur compounds assist the catalysis by oxidizing thiosulphate and its decomposition products.
Heterotrophic organisms may play a role by consuming organic substances inhibitory to the
lithotrophic bacteria.
Abiotic ecological factors, acid formation and populations of iron-oxidizing bacterial groups were
studied in 10 differently constructed pilot scale coal waste dumps, as the second phase of a study
which started in September 1993. Gas samples were withdrawn weekly from coal waste through
permanently buried stainless steel probes, for analysis in the field using a portable oxygen/carbon
dioxide meter. Samples of coal waste were extracted by auger for analysis of moisture, pH and
microbial populations. The analyses of oxygen and pH can be recommended for the routine
monitoring of rehabilitated waste dumps.
Covers of Avalon soil 0.3 or 0.5 m thick, were not adequate to prevent acidification. Coal waste
covered with 0.7 m compacted beneath 0.3 m uncompacted Avalon soil, showed a slow pH decline,
but reached approximately pH 3 in 1997. Covers of compacted Estcourt soil beneath tmcompacted
Avalon soil to a cover depth of 1 m were effective in preventing acidification and generally kept the
coal waste anaerobic. However, all covers developed cracks during drought conditions in 1995,
allowing aeration. Low pH of some samples from these dumps during 1995/1996 may have
indicated the start of acidification.
Bacteria oxidizing high concentrations of ferrous iron and considered to be Thiobacillus
ferrooxidans, were monitored routinely, but may not have been the dominant iron-oxidizer, as
population counts using media with a lower ferrous iron concentration were higher. The majority of
the latter organisms could also not oxidize sulphur, hence were not T. ferrooxidans. The populations of the high ferrous iron-oxidizing bacteria were affected by pH, tending to be high in
acidified and low in non-acidified coal waste.
Investigations of microbial populations forming iron-oxidizing consortia in enrichment cultures
from coal waste and acid drainage samples showed the presence of T. ferrooxidans, the
heterotrophic bacterial genus Acidiphilium, fungi of the genus Penicillium, unidentified filamentous
fungi, including Cladophialophora-like morphological types, and a yeast of the genus Dipodascus.
In interaction studies, the Penicillium isolate had an inhibitory effect on T. ferrooxidans (subjected
to organic compound stress), but the Cladophialophora-like fungi reduced inhibition by organics.
Fungi have not previously been studied in detail as components of iron-oxidizing consortia, but the
bacterial isolations agree with those elsewhere, indicating that appropriate conclusions from acid
mine drainage research in other parts of the world can be applied in KwaZulu-Natal.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die biologies gekataliseerde oksidasie van piriet in die buitenste lae van steenkoolafvalhope lei tot
die vorming van suur mynafloopwater. Die oksidasie van piriet tot ferri-yster en sulfaat is 'n
komplekse proses wat abiotiese en biologies gekataliseerde reaksies insluit. Piriet word abioties
deur ferri-yster geoksideer, met die vrystelling van tiosulfaat en ferro-yster. Tiosulfaat verval om
verskeie anorganiese swawelverbindings te vorm. Bakteriese katalise van pirietoksidasie word deur
ysteroksiderende bakteriee wat ferro-yster na ferri-yster oksideer, bewerkstellig. Bakteriee wat
swawelverbindings oksideer maak 'n bydrae tot die katalise deur tiosulfaat en vervalprodukte
daarvan te oksideer. Heterotrofe organismes mag ook 'n rol speel deur organiese verbindings wat
die litotrofe bakteriee mag inhibeer, te verbruik.
Abiotiese ekologiese faktore, suurvorming en bevolkings ysteroksiderende bakteriee is in 10
verskillend gekonstrueerde loodsskaal steenkoolafvalhope bestudeer, as die tweede fase van 'n
studie wat in September 1993 begin het. Gas monsters is weekliks uit die steenkoolafval onttrek
deur vlekvrye staal peilers wat permanent daarin begrawe is, en met behulp van 'n draagbare
suurstoflkoolstofdioksiedanaliseerder in die veld ontleed. Monsters van die steenkoolafval is met
behulp van 'n kleiboor vir die analise van vog, pH en mikrobepopulasies geneem. Die analise van
suurstof en pH kan aanbeveel word vir die roetiene monitering van gerehabiliteerde afvalhope.
Bedekkings van 0.3 of 0.5 m Avalongrond was nie voldoende om suurvorming te verhoed nie.
Steenkoolafval wat met 0.7 m gekompakteerde en 0.3 m ongekompakteerde Avalongrond bedek is,
het 'n stadige pH-daling getoon, maar het in 1997 ongeveer pH 3 bereik. Bedekkings van
gekompakteerde Estcourtgrond onder ongekompakteerde A valongrond met 'n totale dikte van 1 m,
was effektief in die voorkoming van suurvorming. Hulle het oor die algemeen die steenkoolafval
anaerobies gehou, maar aile bedekings het tydens die droogte in 1995 krake ontwikkel, wat suurstof
laat binnedring het. 'n Lae pH gedurende 1995/1996 by sommige monsters uit hierdie hope mag
die begin van suurvorming aangedui het.
Bakteriee wat hoe konsentrasies ferro-yster oksideer en wat as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans beskou is,
was moontlik nie die dominante ysteroksideerder nie, aangesien bevolkingstellings waar 'n medium
met 'n laer konsentrasie ferro-yster gebruik is, hoer bevolkings getoon het. Die meerderheid van
laasgenoemde organismes kon ook nie swawel benut nie en dus nie T. ferrooxidans was nie. Die bevolkings van die hoe ferro-ysteroksiderende bakteriee is deur pH beInvloed, met 'n geneigdheid
tot hoe bevolkings in suur en lae bevolkings in minder suur steenkoolafval.
Ondersoeke na die rnilcrobebevollcings wat in ysteroksiderende konsortia in verryldngslculture vanaf
steenkoolafval- en suur mynafloopwatermonsters voorgekom het, het die teenwoordigheid van 7'.
ferrooxidans, die heterotrofe balcteriegenus Acidiphilium, fungi van die genus Penicillium,
ongeIdentifiseerde fungi, insluitend Cladophialophora-agtige tipes en 'n gis van die genus
Dipodascus aangetoon. By interaksiestudies het die Penicillium-isolaat 'n inhiberende effek op T
ferrooxidans (onderworpe aan organiese verbindingstres) gehad, maar die Cladophialophora-agtige
fungi het die inhibisie deur organiese verbindings verminder. Fungi is nog the in detail as
komponente van ysteroksiderende konsortia bestudeer the, maar die isolasies van bakteried stem
saam met die van elders wat aandui dat toepaslike gevolgtreldcings ten opsigte van suur
mynafloopwatemavorsing vanaf ander dele van die wereld ook in KwaZulu-Natal toegepas kan
word.
23
Junior, Antonio Euclides Pereira de Souza. ""Acetato de medroxiprogesterona administrado em período pré-natal induz hipospádia em machos e virilização em fêmeas de camundongos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-17022006-105731/.
Full textAbstract:
A fertilização in vitro tem sido associada com um aumento na incidência das hipospádias, e alguns hormônios esteróides usados em seus protocolos têm sido implicados neste processo. Para testar essas hipóteses em um modelo animal, descrevemos neste trabalho as alterações morfológicas ocorridas no tubérculo genital de camundongos, expostos à progesterona durante a vida intrauterina. Foi administrado acetato de medroxiprogesterona por via subcutânea no período pré-natal em animais normais e animais desprovidos de receptores androgênicos (Tfm). A progesterona induziu a formação de hipospádia nos animais do sexo masculino, virilização nos do sexo feminino e não causou alterações nos animais Tfm<br>In vitro fertilization (IVF) has been associated with an increase incidence of hypospadias. IVF protocols require the maternal use of progesterone which may be a factor in causing hypospadias. To test these hypotheses in an animal model, we describe the effects of maternal progesterone exposure on genital development in mice. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was administered by subcutaneous injection during the pre-natal period to wild type mice and animals knockout to androgen receptors (Tfm mice). Progesterone caused hypospadias in male mice fetuses, a virilizing effect in the female mice genitalia and didn't have any effect in Tfm animals
24
Lalej-Bennis, Dalila. "Mise au point et évaluation de la voie nasale d'administration de l'insuline dans le traitement du diabète sucré." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S020.
Full textAbstract:
Apres plus de 10 ans de travaux évaluant les potentialités de l'insuline nasale dans le traitement du diabète sucre, le constat est plutôt négatif : la biodisponibilité est insuffisante et les résultats métaboliques obtenus chez l'homme ne sont pas en rapport avec les espérances des cliniciens. Nous avons repris et complète les travaux de la littérature pour tenter d'améliorer l'efficacité et la tolérance de la formulation nasale et acquérir des données cliniques suffisantes pour conclure sur l'intérêt de l'insuline nasale. Nos résultats montrent que des modifications de la galénique et de la composition de la formulation permettent d'améliorer la biodisponibilité de l'insuline nasale. Les essais cliniques que nous avons réalisés confirment l'intérêt de l'insuline nasale dans la prise en charge du patient diabétique insulino-traite, montrant que l'efficacité métabolique de l'insuline nasale est du même ordre que celle de l'insuline sous-cutanée, avec un gain manifeste dans le confort d'utilisation. Le problème de la tolérance par la muqueuse nasale n'est pas résolu, le lyophilisat étant moins bien toléré que le gel, mais des manifestations d'allure allergique avec une hypereosinophilie à la cytologie nasale sont survenues avec le gel et font suspecter un possible rôle allergisant des dérivés cellulosiques. Dans l'état actuel de nos recherches, le choix de la forme la plus efficace et la mieux tolérée s'oriente plutôt un spray nasal non cellulosique, contenant du glycocholate de sodium comme promoteur de l'absorption. Nos travaux, encore très préliminaires, ont permis de montrer clairement que la voie nasale d'administration de l'insuline a des potentialités en terme de contrôle métabolique et de qualité de vie que l'on ne peut se permettre de négliger dans une pratique dialectologiques clinicienne. Des efforts supplémentaires dans la recherche d'une formulation nasale mieux tolérée doivent être faits, et nécessitent des moyens techniques et financiers qui relèvent, a notre avis, de l'industrie pharmaceutique.
25
HOLANDA, Gabriela Calixto Ribeiro de. "Efeito da gestão e amamentação em camundongos esquitossomáticas na resposta granulomatosa dos descendentes adultos sob infecção pós-natal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17558.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-28T13:34:21Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO - Gabriela Calixto - Versão digital.pdf: 1903341 bytes, checksum: 0172917edb1a1f8a1512d8519caed260 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T13:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO - Gabriela Calixto - Versão digital.pdf: 1903341 bytes, checksum: 0172917edb1a1f8a1512d8519caed260 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-02-26<br>CNPq<br>Infecções maternas por Schistosoma mansoni modulam a imunidade de descendentes adultos em infecções pós-natais. Avaliou-se separadamente o efeito da amamentação ou gestação neste fenômeno através do grau de fibrose hepática, produção de citocinas Th1, Th2 e regulatórias, frequência de macrófagos produtores de NO e IL-10 e linfócitos T regulatórios em camundongos adultos, descendentes de mães esquistossomóticas, quando submetidos a infecção pós-natal. Para isto, fêmeas Swiss webster foram submetidas a infecção com S. mansoni (20 cercárias), sincronização do estro e acasalamento. Após nascimento, foi realizada a amamentação adotiva, em que descendentes de mães infectadas mamaram nas mães não infectadas (MI) e filhotes de mães não infectadas foram amamentados pelas mães infectadas (AI). Outro grupo de animais nascidos de mães esquistossomóticas permaneceu amamentando nas próprias mães (MIAI). Para grupo CONTROLE utilizou-se animais nascidos e amamentados em mães não infectadas. Descendentes adultos (machos) foram infectados (80 cercárias) e 60 dias pós-infecção, os animais tiveram os esplenócitos cultivados apenas com meio de cultura ou acrescentado de SWAP (12,5 μg/mL) ou ConA (5 μg/ml). Após 24 h e 72 h os sobrenadantes foram dosados para IL-4; IL-5; IL-10; IFN-γ, TGF-β; NO e as células usadas para imunofenotipagem, com anticorpos monoclonais ligados a fluorocromos para CD4+FoxP3, CD16/CD32+NOS2, CD14+IL-10+. O tecido hepático dos animais foi submetido a histomorfometria. Em relação ao Controle, o grupo MI apresentou frequênciaaumentada de CD16/CD32+NOS2+, maior produção de NO, IL-5 e IL-10, com diminuição de IFN- e, em comparação ao grupo MIAI, maior número e tamanho dos granulomas. O grupo AI, em relação ao Controle, obteve maior frequência de CD16/CD32+NOS2+, maiores níveis de TGF-β, menos IL-5, NO e IFN-. Em relação ao MIAI, tamanho maior de granuloma. O grupo MIAI apresentou menor número e tamanho de granulomas com menor produção de IFN- e NO, maior de IL-10 e TGF-β, além de maior frequência de células CD4+/FoxP3+. Não houve diferença nos níveis de células CD14+/IL-10+. Em conclusão, a gestação seguida da amamentação em mães esquistossomóticas proporcionou uma diminuição da reação granulomatosa e, além da produção da IL-10 (dependente da gestação) e de TGF-β (dependente da amamentação), as células T com fenótipo regulatório são requeridas para este fenômeno.<br>Maternal infections by Schistosoma mansoni modulate adult offspring immunity in postnatal infections. Here, was evaluated separately the effect of breastfeeding and pregnancy in this phenomenon by the degree of hepatic fibrosis, the production of Th1, Th2 and regulatory cytokines, the expression of macrophages producing NO and IL-10, and regulatory T lymphocytes in adult offspring from schistosomotic mothers when subjected to post-natal infection.Swiss webster females were subjected to infection with S. mansoni (20 cercariae), synchronization of estrus and mating. After birth, adoptive breastfeeding was held in which offspring of infected mothers breastfed in uninfected mothers (BIM) and offspring of uninfected mothers were breastfed by infected mothers (SIM). Another group of animals born in schistosomotic mothers breastfeeding remained in their mothers (BSIM). To control group was used animals born and breastfed in uninfected mothers. Male offsprings were infected when adults (80 cercariae) and 60 days post-infection animals splenocytes were cultured with medium alone or added with SWAP (12.5 μg/ml) and ConA (5 μg/ml). After 24 h and 72 h the supernatants were assayed for IL-4; IL-5; IL-10; INF-γ; TGF-β; NO and the cells used for immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies bound to fluorochromes for CD4+FoxP3+, CD16/CD32+NOS2+, CD14+IL-10+. The liver tissue were subjected to histomorphometry. Compared to control, the BIM group showed increased frequency of CD16/CD32+NOS2+, increased production of NO, IL-5 and IL-10, a reduction of IFN- and compared to BSIM group, the greater number and size of granulomas. The SIM group compared control, had a higher frequency of CD16/CD32+NOS2+, higher TGF-β levels, less IL-5, NO and IFN-. Regarding BSIM, greater granuloma size. The BSIM group showed smaller number and size of granulomas with lower production of IFN- and NO, increased IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as higher frequency of CD4+/FoxP3+ cells. There was no difference in the levels of CD14+/IL-10+ cells. In conclusion, gestation followed by breastfeeding in schistosomotic mothers provided a reduction in granulomatous reaction, and besides the production of IL-10 (dependent on gestation) and TGF-β (dependent breast feeding) T cells with regulatory phenotype are required to this phenomenon.
26
Santos, Maria Verônica dos. "Imunização nasal com antígenos de membrana externa de Neisseria meningitidis B selecionados para a maior expressão do imunotipo de LPS 3, 7, 9 com anticorpos monoclonais e Bordetella pertussis como adjuvante em camundongos neonatos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-13012009-155309/.
Full textAbstract:
O habitat natural da Neisseria meningitis é a nasofaringe humana e a transmissão da bactéria é por contato direto ou por inalação de partículas durante a fase de transmissão N. meningitis é uma bactéria Gram-negativa responsável por uma significante mortalidade em todo o mundo. Embora existam vacinas polissacárides contras os sorogrupos A, C, W135 e Y , não há uma vacina adequada para crianças menores de 4 anos para o sorogrupo B. Estudos estão sendo direcionadas para pesquisa de antígenos vacinais que são derivados da proteínas de membrana externa(NOMV). Entretanto vacinas baseadas em NOMV são consideradas pouco imunogênicas , fazendo com que o uso de adjuvantes seja necessário. Este estudo investiga a imunogenicidade da NOMV de N. meningitidis administrada pela via intranasal/intramuscular em camundongos neonatos BALC/c, usando proteína de membrana externa (NOMC) obtido de uma cepa epidêmica de N. meningitidis B:4:P1:15. As cepas usadas para imunização dos camundongos foram selecionadas por colony-blot, usando anticorpo monoclonal anti L3,7,9 para maior expressão do LPS contra o imunotipo L3,7,9 presente na cepa (B:4:P1:15 3,7,9). Como adjuvantes de mucosa foram utilizados Bordetella pertussis (células íntegras) ou sobrenadante de cultura com 48 horas ou hidróxido de alumínio [Al(OH)3]. O soro dos camundongos imunizados foram analisados pelo método de ELISA à fim de se comparar os diferentes adjuvantes utilisados. O índice de avidez também foi determinado. IgG e IgM foram detectados nos soros dos camundongos após imunização, com índices de intermediária e alta avidez. Todos os adjuvantes foram capazes de aumentar a resposta imune contra NOMV de N.meningitidis. A via intranasal foi adequada para sensibilizar as células do sistema imune que foram rapidamente estimuladas pela via intramuscular usando os adjuvantes utilizados na presente investigação. Dados sugerem que o estudo da NOMV é importante na indução da imunidade de mucosa para N. meningitidis B, e que a qualidade e magnitude da resposta imune gerada pelas vacinas de mucosa são influenciadas tanto pelo adjuvante como pelo antígeno. Concluímos que NOMV juntamente com adjuvantes de mucosa tem considerável potencial no desenvolvimento de vacinas contra o meningococo do sorogrupo B.<br>The natural habitat of Neisseria meningitidis is the human nasopharynx, and the bacterium is transmitted by direct mouth-to-mouth contact or by the inhalation of released mucous particles during close contact. N meningitidis is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for significant mortality worldwide. While effective polysaccharide-based vaccines exist against serogroups A, C, W135, and Y, no similar vaccine is suitable for children under 4 years against disease caused by serogroup B strains. Current studies are searching for vaccinal antigens that are derived from the native outer membrane (NOMV). However, vaccines based on NOMV are considered weak, making the use of adjuvants necessary. This study investigated the immunogenicity of NOMV of N. meningitidis administered intranasal/intramuscular in neonate BALB/c mice, using the native outer membrane complex (NOMC) obtained from an epidemic strain of N. meningitidis B:4:P1.15. The strains used for immunization of mice were selected by colony-blot, using anti L3,7,9 monoclonal antibodies, for the highest expression of LPS among the immunotypes (B:4:P1:15 L9á). As mucosal adjuvants, we used Bordetella pertussis (whole cells) or the supernatant of 48 h culture of this bacterium, followed by an intramuscular dose of the same protein adsorbed onto , B. pertussis (whole cells) or 48-h B. pertussis culture supernatant or aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3]. Sera of immunized mice were evaluated by ELISA in order to compare the different adjuvants used. We also determined their avidity index. IgG and IgM were detected in the serum of mice after immunization, with avidity indices that ranged from intermediate to high. All adjuvants were capable of increasing the immune response against NOMV of N. meningitidis in the homologous prime/boost schedule used. The intranasal route was suitable for sensitizing the cells of the immune system which were quickly stimulated by the intramuscular route using the adjuvants analysed in the present invertigation. Data suggest that the NOMV studied is important in the induction of mucosal immunity to N. meningitidis B, and that the quality and magnitude of the immune responses generated by mucosal vaccines are influenced by the adjuvant as well as the antigen. In conclusion, nasal delivery of NoMV with mucosal adjuvants has considerable potential in the development of a mucosal vaccine against serogroup B meningococci.
27
Boshoff, Michelle. "An ecological study into the possible reclamation value of reedbeds in a coal mine wetland system in Kwazulu-Natal / Michelle Boshoff." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/714.
Full textAbstract:
The single biggest environmental problem facing the coalmine industry today is the high acid
concentration in mine runoff water. After pollution prevention and effluent reuse, reclamation is the
most important component of a mine management strategy. Major interest has developed in the
concept of constructed wetlands for the treatment of point source pollution. Research, both
internationally and national, indicates that reed-bed systems can provide effective and adaptable
water purification systems. Inside this intricate aquatic ecosystem, organisms fulfil an important
role in the energy dynamics of wetlands. Organisms can be used as bio-indicators to determine the
system performance and yield important information and data that will attribute to our knowledge of
wetlands.
The aim of this study was to develop a biological and chemical database (BCD) for a constructed
coal-mine wetland in Natal. The study was conducted at the Sithebe wetland at Hlobane Mine, 25
km east of Vryheid, in KwaZulu-Natal. Data (physio-chemical and biological) were collected on a
monthly basis from March 1998 to February 1999.
This study incorporated the physical, chemical, and biologic aspects of the wetland into an
integrated measure of wetland health. It also emphasise the need to reduce large data sets for
particular areas to a single value (acceptable or unacceptable, in terms of the environmental
condition). In terms of providing biological input, this project on the flora and fauna of the Sithebe
wetland could prove to be useful in its contribution to measurements of degradation/improvement,
as well as providing a comprehensive picture of the structure and fluctuation of the communities of
a constructed wetland.
The results of the study have indicated that the constructed Sithebe wetland system functioned as a
complex and diverse ecosystem. Even though Phragmites australis was the dominant plant species
in the wetland, various other species (six other plant communities) established themselves in the
wetland. The heterogeneous composition of the artificial wetland contributed to reduction in element
loads and various species seemed to assist in the removal of different elements like magnesium,
iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and lead.
The continued development of scientific knowledge and expertise in South Africa is fundamental to
the achievement of wetland conservation. This research project was aimed at promoting the
management of wetlands that is based on a predictive understanding of the ecology and behaviour of
these systems and their components.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
28
Buffin, Nicholas James. "Loss of Post-natal Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle of Mice Does Not Affect Muscle Fiber Size and Response to Pathological Injury." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537185.
Full textAbstract:
<p> In my thesis I investigated whether loss of growth hormone receptor (GHR) signaling affects post-natal skeletal muscle development and regenerative ability in adult male mice, and whether the effect is via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling. Mouse models were used that had a post-natal muscle-specific loss of GHR signaling (<b>mGHRKO</b>), insulin-like growth factor receptor/ insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR) signaling (<b>MKR </b>), and loss of both GHR and IGF-1R/IR signaling (<b>mGHRKO/MKR</b>). The loss of GHR signaling did not alter muscle <i>igf-1</i> expression, fiber cross sectional area, fiber type proportions, or regenerative fusion ability. Further more, loss of IGF-1R/IR signaling decreased regenerative ability. In conclusion, my data suggests that GHR signaling does not play a role in post-natal skeletal muscle development or regenerative fusion ability, and that IGF-1R/IR signaling has an effect that is independent of direct GH effects on muscle, though may be affected by systemic GH/IGF-1 function.</p>
29
Gregório, Bianca Martins. "Dieta hiperlipídica materna e pós-natal promove remodelamento adverso do fígado, pâncreas e tecido adiposo na prole." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3850.
Full textAbstract:
A dieta hiperlipídica (high-fat, HF) materna durante a gestação e/ou lactação aumenta a susceptibilidade da prole para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas na fase adulta. Verificar a hipótese que a ingestão materna de dieta HF nos períodos críticos de desenvolvimento (gestação e/ou lactação) predispõe à doença não alcoólica do fígado gorduroso e alterações pancreáticas e no tecido adiposo de camundongos machos adultos. Camundongos C57BL/6 fêmeas receberam durante a gestação e/ou lactação dieta padrão (standard chow, SC) ou HF. Filhotes machos foram divididos em cinco grupos: SC provenientes de mães SC; G provenientes de mães HF durante a gestação; L provenientes de mães HF durante a lactação; GL/HF provenientes de mães HF durante a gestação/lactação, mantendo a mesma dieta HF no período pós-natal (do desmame aos 3 meses deidade); GL provenientes de mães HF durante a gestação/lactação trocando a dieta para SC no período pós-natal (do desmame aos 3 meses deidade). Foi analisada ao longo do experimento a massa corporal da prole. No sacrifício (3 meses), o fígado, o pâncreas e a gordura epididimária foram removidos, pesados e processados e o sangue foi coletado para análise bioquímica. Ao nascimento e ao desmame, filhotes GL/HF foram mais pesados (+6% e +44%, p<0,05, respectivamente) que os filhotes SC. Os filhotes G apresentaram resistência à insulina e menor expressão do transportador de glicose no fígado (GLUT-2). A esteatose hepática foi observada nos grupos G, L, GL e principalmente nos filhotes do grupo GL/HF. A expressão hepática da proteína ligante de elementos regulatórios de esteróis (SREBP-1c) estava aumentada nos filhotes G, GL e GL/HF. Os filhotes G, GL e GL/HF apresentaram hipertrofia da ilhota pancreática e dos adipócitos quando comparados com o grupo SC. O consumo de dieta HF durante a gestação mostra-se ser o período mais prejudicial para os filhotes adultos de camundongos. A programação metabólica por dieta HF leva ao remodelamento adverso do fígado, do pâncreas e do tecido adiposo<br>Maternal high-fat diet (HF) during gestation and/or lactation period increases the susceptibility to development of chronic disease in offspring adult life. This work aimed to verify the hypothesis that maternal intake of high-fat diet in critical periods of pregnancy and/or suckling period predisposes to non alcoholic fatty liver disease, pancreatic and adipose tissue alterations in adulthood mice offspring. C57BL/6 female mice were fed, during gestation and/or lactation phases, with standard chow (SC) or HF diet. Male pups were divided into 5 groups: SC- from SC fed dam; G- from HF fed dam during gestation period; L- from HF fed dam during lactation period; GL- from HF fed dam during gestation and lactation periods and GL/HF- from HF fed dam during gestation and lactation, maintaining HF diet from post-weaning to adulthood. We analyzed body mass in all experiment, and at the euthanasia (3 mo-old), liver, pancreas and adipose tissue were removed, weighted and embedded. Blood was collected to biochemical analyses. At birth and at weaning, GL/HF pups were heavier than SC pups (+6% and +44%, p<0.05, respectively). G offspring showed insulin resistance and lower glucose transporter-2 expression (GLUT-2). Hepatic steatosis was present in G, L, GL and mainly in GL/HF offspring. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression was higher in G, GL and GL/HF offspring. It is important to mention that pancreatic islet hypertrophy and adipocyte hypertrophy were affected in G, GL and GL/HF offspring in comparison to SC. HF diet administration during gestation period is worse than lactation period. Furthermore, this type of programming by HF predisposes to adverse remodeling in liver, pancreas and adipose tissue in adult mice offspring
30
Rodrigues, Nilsa Regina Damaceno. "Medidas de indicadores de estresse oxidativo e de remodelamento cardíaco em camundongos expostos à poluição atmosférica ambiental durante o desenvolvimento embrionário e pós-natal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-31052007-143719/.
Full textAbstract:
A poluição atmosférica de São Paulo (SP) pode provocar alterações cardiovasculares em seres humanos e animais experimentais, com maior vulnerabilidade em crianças e fetos. O mecanismo fisiopatológico que explicaria a relação entre a exposição aos poluentes e doenças cardiovasculares não está totalmente estabelecido, sendo que o estresse oxidativo pode estar ligado ao dano e morte celular. Há evidências de que o dano oxidativo pelo mecanismo da peroxidação lipídica pode estar relacionado às causas de diversas cardiovasculopatias. Estudamos o efeito da exposição ao ar ambiental nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica no coração de camundongos nos períodos pré e pós-natal. Os animais foram mantidos em duas câmaras de exposição, uma recebendo ar ambiente e outra ar filtrado, em quatro diferentes grupos: 1) LL: gestados e crescidos em câmara com ar filtrado, 2) PP: gestados e crescidos em câmara com ar poluído de SP, 3) PL: gestados na câmara poluída e crescidos na limpa, e 4) LP: gestados na câmara limpa e crescidos na poluída. A peroxidação lipídica do miocárdio foi avaliada tanto pelo método TBA como por imunohistoquímica para 15-F2t-isoprostano. As concentrações de malondialdeído (MDA, indicador de peroxidação lipídica) foi maior nos animais PP quando comparados aos LL (p = 0,004) e PL (p = 0,026), e não mostrou diferença significativa em relação ao grupo LP (p = 0,894). Os valores de MDA para animais PL e LP mostraram-se equivalentes (p = 0,168). Chama a atenção que o grupo PL apresentou um valor de MDA maior que o LL (p = 0,026). A fração de volume de miocárdio marcada imunohistoquimicamente para 15- F2t-isoprostano apresentou valores maior em PL (p = 2,884x10-5), LP (p = 6,632x10-6) e PP (p = 5,45x10-8) que em LL. O valor de PP foi maior que os de PL e LP (p = 3,661x10-4 e 1,058x10-3, respectivamente), sendo esses últimos equivalentes entre si (p = 0,624). A análise ultra-estrutural mostrou de maneira consistente a presença de lisossomos secundários contendo estruturas lipídicas membranosas nos grupos LP e PP. A porcentagem média de arteríolas com área entre 200 e 1000 ?m² em relação ao número total de vasos de cada grupo foi maior no grupo PP do que nos grupos LL e PL (p=0,0387 e p=0,0362, respectivamente). Estes resultados sugerem que existem altos níveis de peroxidação lipídica no tecido cardíaco dos animais expostos ao ar ambiental de SP. Chama a atenção o fato de que a exposição intra-uterina ter implicado em níveis maiores de estresse oxidativo na fase adulta, mesmo com a melhoria das condições ambientais. Comparam-se estes achados no miocárdio a outros resultados da literatura.<br>I t is well known that air pollution exposure in São Paulo can elicit cardiovascular injuries in humans and experimental animals and that children and fetuses appear to be particularly vulnerable. However, the mechanisms involved in this cardiovascular damage are not well understood. It has been suggested that the oxidative stress generated by air pollution exposure can trigger tissue injury. There is evidence supporting the idea that injury caused by lipid peroxidation may be related to the causes of several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to urban air pollution on the myocardium lipid peroxidation levels of adult mice. Myocardium lipid peroxidation was determined by the TBA method and by the detection of 15-F2t-isoprostan by immunohistochemical technique. The animals were placed in two chambers: one received air that passed through an air filter (clean) and the second received ambient air (polluted), according to four different exposure procedures: 1) Clean (CC): prenatal and postnatal in the clean chamber (control group), 2) Polluted (PP): prenatal and posnatal in the polluted chamber, 3) Polluted-clean (PC): prenatal in the polluted and posnatal in the clean chamber and 4) Clean-polluted (CP): prenatal in the clean and posnatal in the polluted chamber. The concentration of of malondialdehyde (MDA, a indicator of lipid peroxidation) was higher in group PP compared to CC (p = 0.004) and to PC (p = 0.026), and was not different of group CP (p = 0.894). The values of MDA for groups PC and CP turned to be equal (p = 0.168). Interestingly, group PC had a higher value of MDA than group CC (p = 0.026). The volume fraction of myocardium with detection of 15-F2tisoprostane is higher in PC (p = 2.884x10-5), CP (p = 6.632x10-6) and PP (p = 5.45x10-8) than in CC. The value of PP in higher than those of PC and CP (p = 3.661x10-4 and 1.058x10-3, respectively), while the latter two were equal to each other (p = 0.624). ). The mean ratio of arterioles wiht lumen area between 200 and 1000?m² to the total number of vessels in each group was higher in PP than in CC and PC (p=0.0387 and p=0.0362, respectively). These results, which suggest that exposure to air pollution is associated to higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the myocardium, are compared to other results previously published about respiratory and reproductive alterations related to pollution. Interestingly, the increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the PC group gives evidence that the prenatal exposure to urban air pollution can be linked to cardiovascular effects in adult life.
31
Yoshizaki, Kelly. "Efeitos da participação de esteroides-like provenientes da poluição atmosférica no epitélio das vias aéreas em camundongos machos e fêmeas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-12082014-113343/.
Full textAbstract:
O epitélio nasal é a primeira porção do sistema respiratório a entrar em contato com o ambiente externo. Partículas da poluição do ar, principalmente os compostos orgânicos absorvidos, podem atuar como liberadores endócrinos. O receptor aril hidrocarboneto (AhR) é um importante competidor dos receptores de estrógeno-beta (ERbeta) que regulam a transcrição do gene para enzimas de metabolização xenobióticas (enzimas do citocromo P450). O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e quantificar ERbeta, AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 e o perfil de muco no epitélio nasal de camundongos machos e fêmeas em diferentes fases do ciclo estral. Camundongos BALB/c machos (n=32) e fêmeas (n=84) foram expostos ao ar ambiente e ao MP2,5 concentrado a 600 ug.m-³ em um concentrador de partículas ambientais (CPAs). As fêmeas foram divididas de acordo com as fases do ciclo estral: proestro, estro e diestro. O epitélio nasal foi avaliado por RT-PCR e imuno-histoquímica para análise de expressão de ERbeta (proteína), Erbeta-1 e Erbeta-2 (gene), AhR (proteína e gene) e Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2 and Cyp1b1 (gene). A quantificação de muco neutro - Periodic Acid Schiff\'s (PAS+) e ácido - Alcian Blue (AB+) foi avaliada por morfometria. As exposições foram realizadas durante 5 dias/semana, por 45 ± 55 dias. A expressão de Erbeta-2 RNAm apresentou diferenças em resposta à exposição ao CPAs (p=0,016), bem como uma diminuição em fêmeas, quando comparadas aos camundongos machos (p=0,036). A expressão de Cyp1b1 RNAm foi significantemente menor no grupo exposto ao CPAs, em relação ao grupo exposto ao ar ambiente nas fêmeas em diestro (p=0,036). A expressão de Erbeta foi aumentada no epitélio nasal de fêmeas em estro expostas ao CPAs (p=0,005) e a expressão de AhR foi menor em fêmeas em proestro expostas ao CPAs (p=0,048). A exposição ao CPAs levou ao aumento do conteúdo de muco ácido em camundongos machos (p=0,048), o qual diminuiu em fêmeas (p=0,040), quando comparados ao grupo ar ambiente. Este estudo mostrou que houve diferentes respostas à exposição à poluição do ar no epitélio nasal entre machos e fêmeas, e que essas diferenças podem estar relacionadas com a predisposição de fêmeas apresentarem maior suscetibilidade a doenças respiratórias das vias aéreas<br>The nasal epithelium is the first portion of the respiratory system to reach contact with the external environment. Air pollution particles, mainly the organic compounds absorbed into them, may act as endocrine releasers. The aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor is an important competitor of estrogenic receptors-beta (ERbeta) that regulate transcription of gene coding for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 enzymes). The aim of this study is to identify and quantify in the nasal epithelium of male and female mice in different estrous cycle phases related with ERbeta, AhR, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1 and the mucus profile. Male (n=32) and female (n=84) BALB/c mice were exposed to ambient air and PM2.5 concentrated at 600 ug.m-³ in an ambient particle concentrator with a particulate matter diameter of 2.5 um (PM2.5). Females were subdivided in three estrous cycles: proestrus, estrus and diestrus. Nasal epithelium was evaluated through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for the expression of ERbeta (protein), Erbeta-1 and Erbeta-2 (gene expression), AhR (protein and gene expression) and Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2 and Cyp1b1 (gene expression). Morphometry was applied for evaluation of mucus profile: acid - Alcian Blue (AB+) and neutral - Periodic Acid Schiff\'s (PAS+). Exposure happened for 5 days/week, for 45 ± 55 days. There were differences in Erbeta-2 mRNA in response to exposition to CPAs (p=0.016), and a significant decrease in female compared male mice (p=0.036). Cyp1b1 mRNA was significantly smaller in the CPAs-exposed group compared with the ambient air group in diestrus female mice (p=0.036). The ERbeta expression increased in the nasal epithelium of CPAs-exposed females in the estrus cycle (p=0.005), and the AhR expression decreased in the proestrus cycle of CPAs-exposed females (p=0.048). The exposure to the CPAs led to an increase in the acidic content of mucus in male mice (p=0.048), and decreased in female mice (p=0.040), compared to the ambient air group. This study showed there were different responses in the nasal epithelia of male and female mice exposed to air pollution, which could be related to the predisposition of the females to present more susceptibility to airway respiratory diseases
32
Raphael, Mariana Lopes Teixeira. "Estudo da imunogenicidade da proteína de classe 3 (PorB) purificada da membrana externa de Neisseria miningitidis: imunização intranasal/intramuscular em camundongos adultos e neonatos utilizando Bordetella pertussis como adjuvante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-13012009-172350/.
Full textAbstract:
As proteínas de classe 3 são candidatas na preparação de uma vacina contra a doença meningocócica. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a imunogenicidade da proteína de classe 3 purificada da cepa de Neisseria meningitidis do sorogrupo B juntamente com a capacidade adjuvante de whole cells de Bordetella pertussis. Foram imunizados camundongos BALB/c neonatos em um intervalo de 3 a 12 dias entre 1 e 4 doses da proteína de classe 3 mais adjuvante, pela via intranasal e no 21º dia pela via intramuscular com a proteína de classe 3 emulsificada com hidróxido de alumínio. Os resultados demonstraram que após 2 doses pela via intranasal e 1 dose pela via intramuscular houve rápido estímulo das células imunes nos camundongos adultos BALB/c e neonatos BALB/c e outbred. Todos os soros foram analisados por ELISA e immunoblot. O adjuvante B. pertussis administrado pelas vias intranasal ou intramuscular, aumentou a resposta imune comparada com os controles. Anticorpos bactericidas e de alta afinidade foram produzidos.<br>Proteins of class 3 sound candidates in the preparation of vaccine against meningococcal illness. The aim of this study was to determine the immunogenicity of class 3 proteins purified of Neisseria meningitidis of the serogroup B along with whole cells of Bordetella pertussis as adjuvant. BALB/c and outbred neonate mice between 3 and 12 days old were immunized with 1 to 4 doses of the purified class 3 proteins with or without adjuvant given by the intranasal route, and on the 21st day the animals received an intramuscular dose of the class 3 proteins with or without aluminum hydroxide. The results demonstrated that after 2 doses by the intranasal route and 1 dose intramuscular there was a rapid stimulation of the immune cells in BALB/c adult mice as well as BALB/c and outbred neonates mice. All sera were analyzed by ELISA and immunoblot. The adjuvant B. pertussis used in the present investigation and given via the intranasal or intramuscular route increased the immune response compared with the controls. High affinity and bactericidal antibodies were produced.
33
Dias, Jorge Antonio. "O processo de criação e consolidação da primeira Companhia de Aprendizes Marinheiros do Brasil Imperial (1840)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20596.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Antonio Dias (diasantj@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-23T12:58:38Z
No. of bitstreams: 3
TESE PRONTA - Jorge Dias versão final.pdf: 7367394 bytes, checksum: cb275f3734ec804bc13016a92f4eae7b (MD5)
ata de defesa.pdf: 210997 bytes, checksum: d34475366691fb137263b3feb94e7bc9 (MD5)
ficha catalográfica.pdf: 222067 bytes, checksum: 487f490ae051d061b60e1308e70aa776 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2018-03-14T20:44:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3
TESE PRONTA - Jorge Dias versão final.pdf: 7367394 bytes, checksum: cb275f3734ec804bc13016a92f4eae7b (MD5)
ata de defesa.pdf: 210997 bytes, checksum: d34475366691fb137263b3feb94e7bc9 (MD5)
ficha catalográfica.pdf: 222067 bytes, checksum: 487f490ae051d061b60e1308e70aa776 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-16T17:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
TESE PRONTA - Jorge Dias versão final.pdf: 7367394 bytes, checksum: cb275f3734ec804bc13016a92f4eae7b (MD5)
ata de defesa.pdf: 210997 bytes, checksum: d34475366691fb137263b3feb94e7bc9 (MD5)
ficha catalográfica.pdf: 222067 bytes, checksum: 487f490ae051d061b60e1308e70aa776 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-12-14<br>O objeto que trata esta tese é o processo de criação e consolidação da primeira Companhia de Aprendizes Marinheiros do Brasil Imperial em 1840. No trabalho procuramos destacar os momentos históricos e políticos percorridos para que fosse criada a Companhia de Aprendizes discutindo e examinando esse processo com base nas diferentes ideias que permeavam as ações de diferentes Ministros da Marinha e as legislações específicas referentes à criação e regulamentação da Companhia. Procuramos desenvolver nesse trabalho a ideia de que as Companhias de Aprendizes foram fundamentais no processo, ainda que parcial e incompleto, de instrução e educação formal dos marinheiros iniciado em meados do século XIX. Servindo ainda para apontar as contradições históricas entre recrutamento e composição das praças; um relativo protagonismo dos Oficiais e Ministros da Marinha militares em diferentes momentos na formulação de uma conduta política institucional que colocasse em prática uma efetiva institucionalização e enfardamento para os marinheiros; uma instituição pública para jovens que pudesse fornecer educação, tão rara aos “indivíduos do comum”; e, por fim, a custódia e guarda desses jovens.<br>The thesis object is the creation and consolidation process of the first Imperial Brazilian Seaman's Apprentice Company in 1840. In this work we seek to detach the political and historical moments passed through in order to create the Seaman´s Company, discussing and examining the process based in the different ideas that permeated the actions from the different navy ministers and the specific legislations concerning the Company´s creation and registration. It was tried to develop in this work the idea that the Seaman´s Apprentice Company were, although partial and incomplete, instrumental in the process of formal instructing and educating of the seaman started in mid nineteenth century. It also serves to point out the historical contradictions between recruitment and composition squares, a relative prominence of Navy offices and Ministers different moments in the formulation of an institutional political conduct to put into practice and effective institutionalization and military uniformazing, a public institution for young people who could provide a public institution education, as rare to the “individuals of the common”; and, finally, the custody and protection of these young people.<br>L'objet mentionné dans cette thèse est le processus de création et de mise en place de lapremière société d'apprenants marins du Brésil Impérial en 1840. Dans ce travail, nouscherchons à mettre en évidence les moments historiques et politiques parcourus jusqu'àla création de la Société d'Apprenants en discutant et en examinant ce processus sur labase des différentes idées qui pénétraient les actions des différents ministres de laMarine et les lois spécifiques relatives à la création et à la réglementation de la Société.Nous cherchons à développer dans ce travail l'idée que les sociétés d'apprenants ontcontribué au processus, bien que l'éducation partielle et incomplète, l'instruction etl'éducation formelle des marins ont commencé au milieu du XIXe siècle. Le travail sertégalement à souligner les contradictions historiques entre le recrutement et lacomposition des soldats; un rôle relatif des dirigeants et ministres de la marine militairesà des moments différents dans la formulation d'une conduite politique institutionnelle demettre en place une institutionnalisation efficace et des uniformes pour les marins; uneinstitution publique pour les jeunes qui pourraient fournir de l'éducation, si rare parmiles « gens ordinaires »; et enfin, la garde de ces jeunes.
34
ARASI, STEFANIA. "Reliable mite-specific microarray for testing IgE antibodies in nasal secretions." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3121575.
Full textAbstract:
Methods to measure allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) at nasal level in patients with allergic rhinitis are currently of great interest for many reasons, such as the evidence for local production of IgE in the nasal mucosa. Nasal secretions are easily collected with various non-invasive procedures and suitable for IgE measurements. Nevertheless, IgE “classic” assays, based on immunoenzymatic methods and allergen extracts, require large volumes and are inefficient in detecting the low amounts of IgE in NasSec. In this study, IgE antibodies to 15 allergen molecules of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae were tested with an allergen microarray in nasal secretions of 30 mite sensitized, allergic rhinitis patients and 29 healthy, not-sensitized controls. Nasal IgE to major allergen molecules (nDer p 1, nDer f 1, rDer p 2, rDer f 2, rDer p 23) identified the mite-allergic patients with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Therefore, testing nasal IgE to allergen molecules by a microarray approach may play a role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with allergic rhinitis.
35
Tyagi, Ayushi. "Serotonergic axon development in the medulla oblongata in post-natal mice." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16249.
Full textAbstract:
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant younger than one year of age that remains unexplained after a complete investigation. For these infants, many different reasons have been hypothesized as to the cause of these deaths including: inherent vulnerability and improper hypoxic arousal. Studies done in other laboratories have shown that there seems to be a reduction in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in the neurons of the raphe, extra-raphe, and ventral populations along with projection sites of these neurons. The huge implications of 5-HT in the control of respiration, prompted animal model studies to further investigate a potential connection between 5-HT and SIDS. 5-HT deficient mice were engineered by knocking out the Pet-1 transcription factor so that knockout mice only retained 30-40% of their brainstem 5-HT neurons. By comparing these 5-HT deficient Pet-1 knockout mice to wild-type mice, it was demonstrated that 5-HT deficient mice failed to autoresuscitate themselves after repeated bouts of hypoxia. Intriguingly, these mice only experienced an autoresuscitation deficit during a specific time period during development. To further evaluate the pathological development behind this behavior issue, in the current study we utilized mice that have modified Pet-1-Flpe driver, Egr2-Cre driver, along with a knock-in RC::FPSit allele to observe 5-HT development in the brainstem in a mature adult and across the critical period (postnatal days 8 and 13- P8 and P13). The transgenic mouse model Pet1-Krox20 gives us a way of exploring a specific subset of 5-HT neurons that rise from the developmental rhombomeres r3 and r5. The use of the knock-in RC::FPSit allele allows us to view the axonal projections of these specific 5-HT neurons by utilizing the presynaptic marker synaptophysin-GFP. This model (PKSit) will allow us to target 5-HT neurons that are implicated in respiration. We chose to compare two projection targets of the PKSit 5-HT neuron subtype through the vulnerable period of development and mature adult mouse: the Locus Coeruleus (LC) and the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS). In this study we tested the amount of colabeling between 5-HT and GFP in the LC and NTS at P8, P13, as well as the mature adult. We hypothesize that the LC undergoes significant serotonergic axon development and increases colocalization with GFP labeled axon projections between the ages of P8 and P13. We sliced mouse brains and ran immunofluorescence before taking confocal images. By utilizing ImageJ software to run colocalization analysis on the images obtained, we were able to quantify the amount of 5-HT labeled axon projections that are colocalized with GFP labeled axon projections. The parameters we used to quantify the amount of colocalization include the Pearson's Coefficient (PC), Mander's Coefficient (M1/M2), Cytofluorograms, Costes' Method, and van Steensel's Cross-Correlation Coefficient (CCF). We found that the LC shows significant changes with age in the colocalization of 5-HT with GFP while the NTS does not exhibit significant changes with age. The significant changes found in the LC 5-HT/GFP expression between the ages of P8 and P13 suggest one possible cause of failure of arousal. At P8, this lack of 5-HT colabeling with GFP projections suggests that there is some development occurring, which prevents the proper function of 5-HT. At P13, there is a significant increase in the colabeling of 5-HT with GFP, which indicates that the Pet1-Krox20 lineage is actively using 5-HT. The colocalization studies demonstrate that as the mouse ages, the amount of 5-HT labeling with GFP-synaptophysin in the NTS stays the same. The lack of overlap even in mature adult mice suggests that the expression of 5-HT in GFP labeled projections is not necessary. This colocalization study shows that there is an effect of age on the development of the serotonergic system in the LC, but no effect of age in the NTS. While this demonstrates that there is a critical period of development in relation to the LC, it is only one aspect of why mice pups failed to respond to repeated bouts of hypoxia.
36
Yochum, Carrie Leigh. "An animal model of autism using GSTM1 knockout mice and early post-natal VPA-treatment." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051926.
Full text
37
Atis, Jean-Goualbert. "La mise en fiction du retour au pays natal chez Émile Ollivier, Anthony Phelps et Dany Laferrière." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25611.
Full textAbstract:
La présente étude vise à explorer les mécanismes scripturaux d’oeuvres littéraires qui thématisent le retour au pays natal. À partir d’un corpus formé de romans publiés par des écrivains expatriés, elle ambitionne de démontrer l’adéquation de leur forme à leur contenu. À cet égard, La contrainte de l’inachevé d’Anthony Phelps, Pays sans chapeau de Dany Laferrière et Les urnes scellées d’Émile Ollivier répondent au critère de fictions qui associent étroitement thème et structure, sens et composition, fond et forme.
Ces trois romans, en effet, procèdent de choix structurels et thématiques qui découlent du principe du retour, défini comme la propension à se soumettre à un mouvement régressif ou, pour le dire plus clairement, à évoluer à reculons dans le temps aussi bien que dans l’espace.
Deux axes sont ainsi retenus afin de mettre en évidence le fil conducteur de notre recherche : le retour définitif au pays natal et le retour en alternance entre le pays d’accueil et le pays d’origine. Le premier axe prend en considération la volonté de réinstallation permanente dans leur société de provenance de certains personnages de roman exilés, l’enquête, la répétition, l’interprétation, le rituel, l’affiliation constituant les manifestations textuelles du parcours de ces individus. Quant au deuxième axe, il est focalisé sur l’aller-retour entre deux territoires de personnages romanesques, et se traduit par l’affleurement dans les récits de l’entre-deux, du motif du double, de l’autoréférentialité, de la mise en abyme et par la place réservée aux zombis, aux sosies, aux rêves ou aux miroirs. La recherche est ainsi parvenue à établir que le retour, comme signification, va de pair avec le retour, comme principe de composition, dans les romans analysés. Sur le plan de l’énonciation, chez Ollivier, Laferrière et Phelps, des procédés scripturaux font toujours écho, sur le plan de l’énoncé, au geste régressif des personnages de fiction.<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the scriptural mechanisms of literary works that thematize the return to the homeland. Based on a corpus of novels published by expatriate writers, it aims to demonstrate the adequacy of their form to their content. In this regard, La contrainte de l'inachevé by Anthony Phelps, Pays sans chapeau by Dany Laferrière, Les urnes scellées by Émile Ollivier meet the criteria of fictions which closely associate theme and structure, meaning and composition, substance and form.
These three novels are based on structural and thematic choices that stem from the principle of return, defined as the propensity to submit to a regressive movement or, to put it more clearly, to evolve backwards in time as well as in space.
Two axes are thus chosen to highlight the main theme of our research: the definitive return to the country of birth and the return alternately between the host country and the country of origin. The first axis takes into consideration the will for permanent resettlement in their society from certain exiles, the investigation, the repetition, the interpretation, the ritual, the affiliation constituting the textual manifestations of what animates these migrants. As for the second axis, it is focused on the round trip between two territories of fictional characters and is reflected in the stories by the outcrop in the narratives of the motif of the double, the in-between, self-referentiality, of the mise en abyme and by the place reserved for zombies, doppelgangers, dreams, mirrors, etc.
This research has thus managed to establish that return as meaning goes hand in hand with return as a principle of composition in the novels analyzed. In Ollivier, Laferrière and Phelps, with the regressive gesture of the fictional characters, on the level of the statement, always echoes in the texts, on the level of the enunciation, the scriptural processes characterized by the principle of return.
38
"Differential responses of mouse nasal and temporal retinal neurites to chondroitin sulphates: the role of protein kinase C." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892546.
Full textAbstract:
Lam Shi Ying Joyce.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114).<br>Abstract in English and Chinese.<br>Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1-19<br>Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) ISOFORMS IN THE VENTRAL TEMPORAL (VT) AND DORSAL NASAL (DN) RETINAL GROWTH CONES OF MOUSE EMBRYOS<br>INTRODUCTION --- p.20-22<br>MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.22-24<br>RESULTS --- p.24-31<br>DISCUSSION --- p.31-37<br>FIGURES --- p.38-46<br>Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- EFFECTS ON MOUSE NASAL AND TEMPORAL RETINAL NEURITES TO CHONDROITIN SULPHATES (CS) AFTER ALTERATION OF PKC ACTIVITY<br>INTRODUCTION --- p.47-48<br>MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.49-51<br>RESULTS --- p.51-59<br>DISCUSSION --- p.60-67<br>FIGURES --- p.68-74<br>Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EFFECTS ON AXON ROUTING AFTER ALTERATION OF PKC ACTIVITY ON GUIDANCE OF RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS AT THE OPTIC CHIASM OF MOUSE EMBRYOS<br>INTRODUCTION --- p.75-76<br>MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.77-80<br>RESULTS --- p.80-89<br>DISCUSSION --- p.89-95<br>FIGURES --- p.96-103<br>Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL CONCLUSION --- p.104-106<br>REFERENCES --- p.107-114
39
Nkala, Bongani Alphouse. "Toxicological analysis of house dust collected from selected Durban residental buildings." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7492.
Full textAbstract:
Indoor air quality is described as the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of air in a residential or occupational indoor environment. In residential settings, there are many contributions to indoor pollution levels namely; human activities, biological sources and outdoor air. There has been increased focus on house dust due to its potential to contain biological and chemical pollutants in indoor environments. These have the potential to cause harm to human health. The purpose of this study was to conduct toxicological analysis of house dust collected from inside selected Durban residential buildings. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify and quantify mould occurrence in house dust samples; to measure the occurrence of heavy metals (arsenic, lead and mercury) in house dust; and to analyse the cytotoxicity of house dust on human lung bronchus carcinoma epithelial line (A549) and human lung bronchus virus transformed epithelial cell line (BBM). One hundred and five house dust samples were obtained from households that participated in the South Durban Health Study. In each home, a sample of settled dust was collected, using standardized protocols, then sieved and individually packed into polystyrene bags. The samples were taken from three surface areas namely; living room couches, bed mattresses, and carpets. Well documented methods were used for the isolation, identification and quantification of mould. The samples for heavy metals analysis were sent to Umgeni Water (chemistry laboratory, Pietermaritzburg) where standardised methods were used. Human cell lines were treated with five different dilutions of each house dust extract. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Toxic effects of house dust extract were analyzed, following house dust extract treatment and cells were stained with double dye (annexin-V- and propidium iodide) and analysed with flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscope. Cytokines were analysed by Microbionix (Neuried, German) using a Luminex®100 plate reader for multiplex human cytokines analysis. There were (n=128) mould types isolated and (n=105) were identified, of which (n=10) were
predominately isolated moulds. This was further confirmed by Allerton Provincial Laboratory in Pietermaritzburg. Among the isolated genera in all three surface areas, Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp were widely distributed throughout surface areas in greater proportion. The
overall highest mean which was reported in this study and expressed in colony forming unit per gram (CFU/g) for Penicillium spp ranged (3400 - 62316 CFU/g) obtained from living room couches, followed by Rhizopus spp (5200 - 15990 CFU/g). The mould results were compared
with the South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) 85 of 1993 as amended suggested guidelines of 1,000, 000 CFU/g. The findings of this study suggest the moulds in the homes studied were below the suggested guideline. However, this does not imply that the indoor conditions are unsafe or hazardous. Instead, the findings act as an indicator of moulds presence indoors. The type of airborne mould, its concentration and extent of exposure and the health status of the occupants of a building will determine the health effects on an individual.
Heavy metals were detected in the dust in the following ascending order: arsenic (As) ranged from 1.3 ug/g -18.4 ug/g (mean, 4.26 ug/g), lead (Pb) ranged from 28.0 - 872 ug/g (mean 171.66 ug/g), and mercury (Hg) ranged from 0.6 -19.0 ug/g (mean, 2.22 ug/g). The mean concentration of lead in the dust was within the range of Canadian National Classification guidelines on residential contamination (500 ug/g). There was numerous numbers of samples in this study that exceeded these guidelines. The mean concentration of arsenic was within residential soil guidelines (20 ug/g). Mercury was within limits when compared with Global Hg project guidelines of soil/residential (6.6 ug/g), thought some of samples were notably above this mean. The ability of house dust extract to lower the cell viability which was slightly above 80% (prior treatment) to less than 50% (post treatment) in both cells was observed in this study. The findings in this study showed that dust extract are toxic to human cell lines, and cells undergone a degree of apoptosis and necrosis 62% (A549) and 99% (BBM). The cytokines serve an important role in the non-specific defence external against insults. It was observed that A549 cells up-regulated the release of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines and under-regulated the release of other cytokines analysed (IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-a). BBM cells released IL-4, IL-8 and IL-13 within limit of detection. The presence of moulds in these sampled indoor household dusts, which is comparable with findings elsewhere indoors, show that moulds act as an indicator for building conditions such as dampness, which supports mould growth. Individuals, whether they are sensitized or not, may develop allergic reactions towards spores, thus the elevated numbers of spores quantified in this study are of concern. Some of the heavy metals reported in this study were higher or marginally higher than international norms and guidelines. The findings in this study strongly suggest that house dust extract is toxic to human lung cell lines. It must be noted, however, that this study may not reflect all that happens when a human lung is exposed to house dust. The findings of this study could contribute to the development of South African indoor air guidelines. In conclusion further study needed to be undertaken with respect to air pollution disease such as allergic; the reason being this study shown the reduced expression of cytokines that are involved in allergic inflammation.<br>Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.