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Journal articles on the topic 'Nasolabial angle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lin, Chong Seow, Ramizu Shaari, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Shaifulizan Abdul Rahman. "Photogrammetric Analysis of Nasolabial Angle and Mentolabial Angle norm in Malaysian Adults." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 2 (May 14, 2013): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14951.

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Introduction: While measurement of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle is an important clinical examination in pre-orthognathic surgery assessment, data on non-western population is limited. This study was therefore conducted to determine the range of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle in normal Malaysian adult with comparison of males and females. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Class I males and 52 Class I females aged 19-30 years from three main ethnic groups were randomly selected from dental students, medical students and staffs in dental clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The photographic set-up consisted of a 50mm Nikon DAT camera held in position by a tripod. The photos taken in JPEG format were digitalized and analysed using ProVixwin software. Independent t-test was used to compare any possible gender difference in nasolabial and mentolabial angles. Results: The mean of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle for male was 92.99? and 130.44? whereas for females it was 95.04? and 130.73? respectively. Gender differences were found to be insignificant for both nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle. Conclusion: Despite having great variation in our population, the nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle are gender independent. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 209-214 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14951

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2

Giri, Jamal, Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel, Rajesh Gyawali, Bhushan Bhattarai, and Gunjan Kumar Shrestha. "Comparison of Reproducibility of Nasolabial Angle Constructed by Anatomic point method and Tangent line method." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v6i2.17415.

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Introduction: Investigators have drawn nasolabial angle using different soft tissue landmarks. This has created confusion among the orthodontic students and clinicians regarding its construction.Objective: To evaluate two commonly used methods of constructing the nasolabial angle in order to establish a single reproducible method. Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of 120 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were obtained from the records of the patients. Soft tissue profile on the lateral cephalograms were traced manually by the principal investigator. All the tracings were photocopied and 6 copies of each tracing were made. Nasolabial angles were constructed and measured on photocopied copies of the tracings first using the anatomic point method and then using the tangent line method by the principal investigator and another investigator independently. Result: The average nasolabial angle values for anatomic point method and tangent line method were found to be 94.32° ± 14.05° and 92.4° ± 14.59° respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient demonstrated excellent intra-observer and interobserver agreement among the two methods of nasolabial angle construction.Conclusion: Both anatomic point method and tangent line method of nasolabial angle construction have excellent reproducibility in terms of intra-observer and inter-observer agreement.

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Hermann, Diego R., Leonardo Balsalobre, Gabriela R. Pascoto, Raquel Stamm, and Aldo E. C. Stamm. "Controlled Nasolabial Angle Treatment." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 147, no. 2_suppl (August 2012): P126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812451426a4.

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4

Bhat, Uday, Amit Ratanlal Peswani, Snehjeet Wagh, Rohit Mishra, Tarush Gupta, and Amresh Baliarsing. "Optimising Results of Nasal Tip Rotation Applying Combination of Nasolabial Angle and Lip–Columellar Angle in Tandem in Patients Operated by “Cock-up” Alar Cartilage Flaps Technique." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 52, no. 02 (May 2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695804.

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Abstract Background Setting the angle of tip rotation is of utmost importance in achieving satisfactory results in rhinoplasty. Conventionally the upward rotation of the tip requires shortening of the septum by caudal resection and shortening of the lateral walls by cephalic trim of the alar cartilages. The results are usually assessed subjectively. We describe the use of objective parameters to ensure accuracy of nasal tip rotation in patients operated with “cock-up” alar cartilage flaps, a modification of the cephalic trim. Methods Fifteen patients with a long nose having adequate width of lateral crura, desiring a shorter nose with upward tip rotation, were included in the study. Values of preoperative and desired nasolabial angle (from morphed images), and the derived columellar–labial angle were documented. Nasal tip rotation was set to the derived angle and maintained using cock-up alar cartilage flaps. The outcome was evaluated by digital measurements of the nasolabial angle and patients’ feedback by Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) score. Results Satisfactory tip rotation and an aesthetic supratip area could be achieved. The difference in preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angles was statistically significant (p value < 0.0001). The difference in desired and the obtained nasolabial angle was not significant (p value 0.085). The results were maintained on subsequent follow-up. Conclusion Application of angles in practice and use of K-wire template helps us achieve accurate and consistent results. Cock-up flap is an effective technique—to obtain an open nasolabial angle and a desirable supratip region by making use of tissues otherwise discarded.

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5

Garcia, Claude, and Pierre Olivi. "Nasolabial angle and orthognathic surgery." International Orthodontics 13, no. 1 (March 2015): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2014.12.015.

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6

Harris, Ryan, Purushottam Nagarkar, and Bardia Amirlak. "Varied Definitions of Nasolabial Angle." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 4, no. 6 (June 2016): e752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000000729.

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Armijo, Bryan S., Matthew Brown, and Bahman Guyuron. "Defining the Ideal Nasolabial Angle." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 129, no. 3 (March 2012): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182402e12.

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8

Brown, Matthew, and Bahman Guyuron. "Redefining the Ideal Nasolabial Angle." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 132, no. 2 (August 2013): 221e—225e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182958b40.

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9

Bunnell, A., and T. Fattahi. "Nasolabial Angle Modifications Following Maxillary Surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 72, no. 9 (September 2014): e22-e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.039.

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Bunnell, A., and T. Fattahi. "Nasolabial Angle Modifications Following Maxillary Surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 72, no. 9 (September 2014): e49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.081.

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Sinno, Hani H., Mark K. Markarian, Ahmed M. S. Ibrahim, and Samuel J. Lin. "The Ideal Nasolabial Angle in Rhinoplasty." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 134, no. 2 (August 2014): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000385.

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12

Nandini, S., CS Prashanth, Sanju K. Somiah, and SRK Reddy. "An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 3 (2011): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1026.

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ABSTRACT Esthetics is one of the major motivating factors for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Hard tissue and soft tissue drape both determine the facial esthetics. The structures in this region are so variable that the nasolabial angle (NLA) has been drawn differently by various investigators. Variations can lead to erroneous conclusions in orthodontic diagnosis. Aims and objectives The study was done to evaluate a reliable method of constructing the nasolabial angle (NLA) and to correlate the soft tissue profile parameters with one another. Materials and methods Lateral cephalogram of 50 randomly selected adult patients were taken. The tracings were made and 10 copies of each tracing were randomly distributed to 10 different orthodontists to draw the NLA. Results Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) showed both N/ FH and L/FH angles to have significant p values when compared with NLA. The regression analysis showed that the nasolabial angle can be calculated for any given value of N/FH or L/FH by the formula: NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). The mean value of N/FH was 17.42° ± 8.40° and L/FH was 80.68° + 6.45° for this sample. Inter examiner reliability calculated by repeated measures of ANOVA and Dahlerg's formula showed high degree of reliability and reproducibility of the method. Clinical significance NLA can be predicted for any given value of N/FH and L/FH. NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). If an individual has either N/FH or L/FH in the normal range but not the NLA then one could calculate the correct NLA using this formula. Thereby the NLA can be brought within the normal range by altering the other nasolabial parameters by correct treatment planning. Since the nasolabial angle plays a vital role in profile esthetics of a person, the clinician should place greater emphasis in evaluating this area and plan treatment mechanics to place this angle within the accepted normal variation. How to cite this article Nandini S, Prashanth CS, Somiah SK, Reddy SRK. An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):152-157.

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Brandstetter, M., M. Bhatt, M. Pham, W. Gubisch, and S. Haack. "Comparative Analysis and Long-Term Results of Various Septal Extension Graft Types." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 03 (June 2020): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712468.

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AbstractShape, tip projection, and position can be controlled by the use of septal extension grafts (SEG). A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing primary and secondary rhinoplasty was reviewed. The purpose of this study was to analyze maintenance of nasal length, dorsal length, and nasolabial angle postoperatively comparing different types of SEG using standardized photography and digital measurement. Two-hundred twenty-one patients undergoing rhinoplasty were included. There was a statistically significant change regarding the nasolabial angle during the time of follow-up decreasing from 97.53 to 95.30 degrees. No changes could be found in dorsal and nasal length. There was no significant difference among the techniques used to fixate the SEG. The nasolabial angle appeared to decrease from the position 2 weeks postoperatively without changes in the dorsal and nasal length. This means that the decrease in the nasolabial angle depends on the swelling effect and not on drooping of the tip confirming the reliability of SEG over time.

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Oliveira, Marcelo Tomás, and Amanda Candemil. "Assessment of the correlation between cephalometric and facial analysis." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e1201334-40.

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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between angular and linear measurements obtained from cephalometric and facial analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with indication for orthodontic treatment were selected. Then a trained examiner assessed in lateral cephalographs the following linear measurements proposed by McNamara: Co-A; Co-Gn; A-NPerp; Pog-NPerp; maxillary-mandibular discrepancy. Moreover, angular nasolabial angle, N-A, A-Pog, and Frankfurt Mandibular Angle (FMA) were computed. Likewise, the corresponding facial measurements in lateral photographs were measured, as follows: Co'-A'; Co'-Gn'; A'-NPerp'; Pog'- NPerp'; Maxillary-mandibular discrepancy; nasolabial angle; N-A-Pog; FMA. RESULTS: Pearson’s correlation test was applied to the results. All measurements were compared separately with their corresponding facial and cephalometric measurements. Results: The assessed linear measurements showed no statistical correlation. The nasolabial angle measurement showed a significant correlation, while FMA and NA-Pog measurements showed a low correlation. CONCLUSION: According to the methodology applied, the results of linear, facial and cephalometric measurements showed no correlation. Of the angular measurements, only the nasolabial showed a significant correlation.

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de Freitas, Daniel Salvatore, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, Guilherme Janson, Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas, and Camila Lopes Cardoso. "Nasolabial Angle at Rest and Upon Smiling." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 72, no. 12 (December 2014): 2567.e1–2567.e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2014.07.034.

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Alharethy, Sami. "Preferred nasolabial angle in Middle Eastern population." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 274, no. 5 (February 27, 2017): 2339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4507-x.

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Shmuly, Tom, Gabreial Chaushu, and Dror Michael Allon. "Does Maxillary Advancement Influence the Nasolabial Angle?" Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 30, no. 5 (2019): e408-e411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000005349.

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Shmuly, T., and D. M. Allon. "Nasolabial angle changes after orthognathic maxillary repositioning." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1116.

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Bhat, Vinaya, Chethan Hegde, and Varun Raj. "A Survey To Evaluate The Nasolabial Angle (Nla) In Indian Population." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, no. 01 (March 2017): 004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708686.

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AbstractEsthetics is an important factor in self-esteem of a person. Nasolabial angle is a key determinant in the fullness of the upper lip and it has been utilized to assess the esthetics while restoring upper anterior teeth. In the present study, the average nasolabial angle of the Indian population was assessed and identified which could be used as a guideline while replacing an edentulous patient with prosthesis.

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Magnani, Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo, Darcy Flávio Nouer, Paulo Roberto Aranha Nouer, João Sarmento Pereira Neto, Ivana Uglik Garbui, and Eloísa Marcantonio Böeck. "Assessment of the nasolabial angle in young Brazilian black subjects with normal occlusion." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000300010.

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Black individuals present craniofacial characteristics which differ from those of other races, especially the white race, whose cephalometric analyses are usually considered as the standard in routine orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Further studies are therefore needed to enable more accurate and specific diagnoses for this ethnic group. The present study was conducted in order to assess average values for the nasolabial angle in young Brazilian black individuals with normal occlusion, and to assess the occurence of sexual dimorphism. Thirty-six lateral skull, extraoral radiographs from Brazilian black individuals were selected from the archives of the Scientific Recordings Department, Orthodontics Graduate Program, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The patients' ages varied from 10 to 14 years, they presented normal occlusion upon clinical examination, and had not been submitted to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric landmarks from which the nasolabial angle was obtained and measured were traced by a single researcher. Statistical analysis and evaluation of the results led to the conclusion that the nasolabial angle of young Brazilian black individuals is sharper, i.e., the soft tissue profile is more protruded. The average value for the whole sample was 88.14º ± 12.52º. The nasolabial angle was statistically smaller among females (p < 0.05), demonstrating the occurrence of sexual dimorphism.

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Pessa, Joel E. "Improving the Acute Nasolabial Angle and Medial Nasolabial Fold by Levator Alae Muscle Resection." Annals of Plastic Surgery 29, no. 1 (July 1992): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199207000-00006.

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Crumley, Roger L. "Tip Projection and the Nasolabial Angle in Rhinoplasty." Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.6.5.299.

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23

Chibelean (Cires-Marginean), Manuela, Anamaria Jurcă, Sorana-Maria Bucur, Monica-Cristina Muica (Nagy-Bota), and Mariana Păcurar. "Facial Profile Characteristics Evaluation in a Population of Central Romania Region." Acta Medica Marisiensis 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2014-0012.

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Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the variables that define the facial profile of a sample of the population in the centre of Romania, and to compare male’s and female’s soft tissue profile. These values could be useful in elaborating the aesthetic objectives for treating the population in this area. Material and methods: Fifty subjects were included in the study - patients and students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș (29 females and 21 males) between 18 to 28 years of age, having dental class I and a balanced profile. The photographs were taken in the natural head position (NHP). The anthropometric points were recorded and four of the angles that characterize a harmonious profile were traced and measured: the nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd), the nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls), the mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), and the facial angle (G-Sn-Pg). Results: The values obtained for the two sexes were compared using the t-student test. All angles had values that were larger for females (nasofrontal: females 137.1 degrees, males 135.79 degrees, p = 0.0019; nasolabial: females 105.3 degrees, males 102.19 degrees, p = 0.00002; mentolabial angle: females 126.07 degrees, males 118.27 degrees, p = 0.000009; facial angle: females 170.32 degrees, males 168.85 degrees, p = 0.0033). Conclusions: Differences between the two sexes were obtained, all angles were statistically significant larger in females. These results show that for the population in the centre of Romania the treatment objectives are different for females and for males. The angular values range between those that characterize the Caucasian population.

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Tiwari, Rahul, P. Srinivas Chakravarthi, Vivekanand S. Kattimani, and Krishna Prasad Lingamaneni. "A Perioral Soft Tissue evaluation after Orthognathic Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010366.

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Background: Facial appearance is an important factor, affects social and psychological well-being. The ideal positioning of jaws and soft tissues is crucial during orthognathic surgery for a better outcome, but the response of facial soft tissues does not always reflect the exact movements of the underlying jaws in 1:1 ratio. So, soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery require utmost attention during surgical correction to make successful treatment. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of perioral soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgical procedures. The objectives of the study were to assess and compare pre and post-operative perioral soft tissue changes of lip width, nasolabial and mentolabial angle using Three Dimensional Computed Tomography scan (3DCT). Patient and Methods: The study involved ten patients for evaluation requiring orthognathic surgical procedures (maxillary or mandibular anteroposterior excess or deficiency, transverse deformities, vertical maxillary excess and facial asymmetry) presented to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery during 2014-2016. Pre and post-operative 3DCT scan were taken after 12 months using iCT 256 slice whole body CT scanner and evaluated for changes using Dicom PMS D view. Results: Significant changes were observed in nasolabial angle after maxillary advancement (1.81°) and maxillary setback procedure (2.73°). The mentolabial angle was significantly increased with mandibular setback procedures (3.27°). Mandibular advancement procedures showed both increase (3.6°) and decrease (7.6°) in mentolabial angle. Conclusion: 3DCT showed a significant difference in perioral soft tissue changes in nasolabial and mentolabial angle but no significant change was observed in lip width. 3DCT is a reliable tool for 3D assessment. The conventional thought of changes in Nasolabial angle after surgery is changing due to the underlying factors which should be considered for prediction.

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Dua, Vinay, Shilpa Gupta, and Chanjyot Singh. "Evaluation of the nasolabial angle in the Indian population." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 1, no. 2 (2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.68595.

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Kandhasamy, Kohila, NeetikaMukhija Prabu, Sivaraj Sivanmalai, PannaikaduSomasundaram Prabu, Abraham Philip, and JwalaC Chiramel. "Evaluation of the nasolabial angle of the Komarapalayam population." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 4, no. 6 (2012): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.100284.

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Honrado, Carlo P., and Steven J. Pearlman. "Surgical Treatment of the Nasolabial Angle in Balanced Rhinoplasty." Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.5.4.338.

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Pearlman, Steven. "Surgical Treatment of the Nasolabial Angle in Balanced Rhinoplasty." Facial Plastic Surgery 22, no. 1 (May 2006): 028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-939949.

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Yashwant V., Aniruddh, Ravi K., and Edeinton Arumugam. "Comparative evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class I borderline patients treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 4 (August 2016): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.050-059.oar.

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Abstract Objective: To compare soft tissue changes in Class I borderline cases treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities. Methods: A parent sample of 150 patients with Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion (89 patients treated with premolar extraction and 61 patients without extraction) was randomly selected and subjected to discriminant analysis which identified the borderline sample of 44 patients (22 extraction and 22 nonextraction patients). Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalograms of the borderline subsample were analyzed using 22 soft tissue parameters. Results: Upper and lower lips were more retracted and thickness of the upper lip increased more in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). The nasolabial angle became more obtuse and the interlabial gap was reduced in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). Lower lip, interlabial gap and nasolabial angle showed no changes in the borderline nonextraction cases. Conclusion: The soft tissue parameters which can be used as guideline in decision making to choose either extraction or nonextraction in Class I borderline cases are upper and lower lip protrusion in relation to the E-plane and Sn-Pg' line, lower lip protrusion in relation to the true vertical line (TVL), upper lip thickness, nasolabial angle and interlabial gap.

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Torres, Érica Miranda de, José Valladares-Neto, Karina de Oliveira Bernades, Luis Fernando Naldi, Hianne Miranda de Torres, Alexandre Leite Carvalho, and Carlos Estrela. "Facial profile changes due to bone cement graft to manage the hyperactive muscles of the gingival smile." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 2 (March 2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.2.044-051.oar.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate facial profile changes promoted by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement graft to reduce excessive gingival display due to hyperactivity of the elevator muscles of the upper lip during smiling. Methods: Eleven patients (all females, age range: 20 to 43 years) presenting gingival smile that were treated with PMMA cement grafts in a private clinic were selected for this retrospective study. Three angular and ten linear cephalometric facial profile measurements were performed preoperatively (baseline, T1) and at least 6 months postoperatively (T2). Differences between T1 and T2 were verified by Wilcoxon test, and the correlation between the thickness of the graft and facial profile changes was statistically evaluated by Spearman’s Coefficient test. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The nasolabial angle (p= 0.03) and the labial component of the nasolabial angle showed statistically significant differences (p= 0.04), with higher values in T2. No correlations were found between the graft thickness and the statistically significant facial profile changes (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The PMMA bone cement graft projected the upper lip forward, thereby increasing the nasolabial angle without affecting the nasal component. No correlations between the graft thickness and the facial profile changes were detected.

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Jankowska, Agnieszka, Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska, Maciej Jedliński, and Katarzyna Grocholewicz. "Methods of Analysis of the Nasal Profile: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 15, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680175.

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The nose is the most prominent structure of the face, influencing facial appearance and profile. Orthodontists have an awareness of facial structures, including nasal morphology, when diagnosing and treatment planning. Maxillofacial surgeons influence facial profile by bimaxillary surgery, improving facial aesthetics and harmony. The aim of this review was to summarize the available methods of analysing nasal morphology and profile, and to assess their complexity. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using the following search terms: “nasal profile analysis”, “nasolabial angle”, and “nasal profile cephalometric” in order to select studies providing knowledge on correlations between occlusion and nasal development, differences between skeletal classes, ethnic variability, and differences between the sexes. Studies concerning genetic disorders were excluded. Finally, 17 full-text papers were analysed, which pertained to nasolabial angle, or facial profile including the nose. Data concerning methods, ethnic group, reference landmarks used, and measurements made were extracted and placed in tables. Numerous methods of nasal profile analysis can be found in the literature. These methods describe various numbers of parameters, which have influence on facial aesthetic. Nasal parameters are correlated to skeletal class and nasolabial angle, positions of upper incisors, and maxillary inclination.

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Celebi, Ahmet Arif, Enes Tan, Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor, Tugba Colak, and Erdem Ayyildiz. "Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/806203.

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One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European-American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European-American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females.

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Toncic, Rajko, and Dinko Toncic. "Sublabial Autologous Ear Cartilage Grafting for Increasing the Nasolabial Angle." Archives of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2016.43.1.46.

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D’Ascanio, Luca, and Fabio Piazza. "Suturing Technique for the Correction of the Obtuse Nasolabial Angle." JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery 20, no. 1 (January 2018): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1987.

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Ahn, Hyo-Won, Il-Sik Cho, Keun-Chul Cho, Jin-Young Choi, Jin-Woo Chung, and Seung-Hak Baek. "Surgical treatment modality for facial esthetics in an obstructive sleep apnea patient with protrusive upper lip and acute nasolabial angle." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 2 (August 6, 2012): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041512-310.1.

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ABSTRACT For patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) offers a good treatment option by physically expanding the skeletal framework. However, facial esthetics can be aggravated by MMA in patients with OSAS who have a normally positioned maxilla, a protrusive upper lip, and an acute nasolabial angle. Therefore, surgical treatment planning should be customized according to diverse skeletodental and soft-tissue patterns to produce a favorable change in facial esthetics and sleep function in patients with OSAS. In this case report, good treatment results were achieved in a young female patient with OSAS and skeletal Class II, a normally positioned maxilla, a protrusive upper lip, and acute nasolabial angle by impaction of the maxilla, autorotation/advancement of the mandible, and advancement of the chin. A customized flowchart for surgical treatment planning in OSAS that considers facial esthetics was suggested.

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Hussain, Shabbir, Muhammad Azeem, Waheed Ul Hamid, and Faiz Rasool. "Relationship between positive clinical VTO and post-treatment soft tissue profile following phase l growth modification therapy." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i2.23071.

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Introduction: Facial profile improvement is goal of cotemporary orthodontics and a reason to seek orthodontic therapy. The soft tissue profile plays a important role on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between positive clinical VTO and actual post-treatment soft tissue profile after phase l therapy of growth modification in Class II. Materials & Method: Pretreatment simulation of post-treatment and actual post-treatment profile photographs of 30 class ll div l patients treated with twin block appliance were compared. Three profile photographs of each subject; pretreatment, positive clinical VTO and post-treatment were taken and on each photograph four angles; Nasofacial (NF), Nasomental (NM), Mentocervical (MC) and Nasolabial (NL) were drawn and measured. Mean, standard deviation, success and coefficient of determination of each angle was measured and linear regressions analysis was applied to find out the correlation. Result: Nasolabial and nasomental angles showed greater success i.e. 81.4% and 68.1% respectively showing greater correlation, while nasofacial and mentocervical angles showed less success i.e. 48.1% and 48.3% respectively showing less correlation. Linear regression analysis revealed that positive clinical VTO significantly predicted post-treatment profile whereas coefficient of determination for nasomental and mentocervical angles was 76.5% and 60% representing a better goodness of fit while nasolabial and nasofacial angles was 53.6% and 51.6% demonstrating poor fit of regression lines. Conclusion: Even though there is improved facial profile obtained by protracting the mandible into class l relation in a chair side maneuver in class ll div l malocclusions, yet the orthodontist should be tentative when predicting the outcome of growth modification to get benefit of this therapy.

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Bhullar, Mandeep, Amita Badhan, Sanjay Mittal, Isha Aggarwal, Divya Singla, and Merry Goyal. "Soft Tissue Profile Response in Adult Orthodontic Patients following Extractions." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 07, no. 02 (August 2019): 074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698366.

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Abstract Introduction The position of the incisors is considered as a key landmark in treatment planning to provide the patient with the most attractive and well-balanced smile. It is important to quantify the relationship between anteroposterior position of incisors to overlying soft tissue structures. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes on the soft tissue profile of the adult patients after first premolar extraction. Materials and Methods The study included pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 24 adult patients (Class II div 1 malocclusion and Class I bimaxillary protrusion) treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance following first premolar extractions. Seven angular and twelve linear soft tissue parameters were evaluated. Six hard tissue parameters were evaluated. Results All the linear and angular measurements pertaining to soft tissue and hard tissue showed significant changes. When posttreatment values were compared with pretreatment values, certain parameters (nasolabial angle, Z angle, UL and LL length, and UL strain) were found to be increased, whereas other parameters showed decrease in their posttreatment values. The tissue alteration showed statistically significant increase in nasolabial angle, Z angle, and decrease in soft tissue profile and interlabial gap. Conclusion Facial profile improvement can be enhanced by dentoalveolar and soft tissue retraction following premolar extraction.

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Lubis, Hilda Fitria, and Maureen Olivia. "Analysis of soft tissue facial profiles of Chinese students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 high schools in Medan using linear and angular measurements." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i3.p132-136.

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Background: Soft tissue analysis is essential in treatment planning to ensure proportional, balanced, and harmonious soft tissue at the end of treatment. Several factors influence the variations, such as age and gender. Soft tissue profile analysis is usually studied from a lateral view. Purpose: The study aimed to determine whether there were differences in the average values of linear and angular measurement of the soft tissue profiles of the middle and lower third of the face between Chinese males and females high school students using lateral photometry. Methods: The samples were 100 lateral photographs (50 male and 50 female) of Chinese high school students at W.R. Supratman 1 and 2 in Medan. All samples were collected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained from secondary data. The linear and angular measurements were measured using Software Corel Draw 2019 and analysed statistically using an independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, and prominence of the upper lip were, on average, greater in males, whereas in the prominence of pogonion, nasolabial angles, and nasofrontal angles were greater, on average, for females. Conclusion: There were significant gender differences in Chinese high school students in the inferior facial third, length of the lower lip, prominence of the upper lip, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle, whereas there is no significant difference between genders in the prominence of the pogonion.

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Keefe, M. A. "Objective Assessment of Tip Projection and the Nasolabial Angle in Rhinoplasty." Yearbook of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2006 (January 2006): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1041-892x(08)70116-1.

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Nolst Trenité, Gilean A., and Gilbert J. Nolst Trenité. "Suturing Technique for the Correction of the Obtuse Nasolabial Angle—Reply." JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery 20, no. 1 (January 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1991.

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Simmen, Susanne, Hans Rudolf Briner, and Nick Jones. "Objective Assessment of Tip Projection and the Nasolabial Angle in Rhinoplasty." Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.6.5.295.

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Paradowska-Stolarz, Anna, and Beata Kawala. "The Nasolabial Angle Among Patients with Total Cleft Lip and Palate." Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 24, no. 3 (2015): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/acem/28112.

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Quinzi, Vincenzo, Licia Coceani Paskay, Nicola D’Andrea, Arianna Albani, Annalisa Monaco, and Sabina Saccomanno. "Evaluation of the Nasolabial Angle in Orthodontic Diagnosis: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062531.

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Background: This study is a systematic literature review aiming at identifying the variation of the average nasolabial angle (NLA) in various orthodontic situations. The NLA is one of the key factors to be studied in an orthodontic diagnosis for the aesthetics of the nose and facial profile. Methods: Out of 3118 articles resulting from four search engines (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) and SciELO), the final study allowed the analysis and comparison of only 26 studies. These included studies have considered the NLA in the following cases: teeth extraction, class II malocclusion, class III malocclusion, rapid palatal expansion (RPE), orthognathic surgery, and non-surgical rhinoplasty with a hyaluronic acid filler. Results: The results indicate that teeth extraction and the use of hyaluronic acid fillers significantly affect the NLA. Conclusions: This systematic review shows that a statistically significant change in NLA values occurs in: extractive treatments of all four of the first or second premolars in class I patients; in class II patients with upper maxillary protrusion; in patients with maxillary biprotrusion, except for cases of severe crowding; and in patients undergoing non-surgical rhinoplasty with a hyaluronic acid filler. Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020185166

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Braun, Martin, Konstantin Frank, David L. Freytag, Robert H. Gotkin, Nirusha Lachman, Gloria Hsu, Diana L. Gavril, Maria V. Silva, Christie Bialowas, and Sebastian Cotofana. "The Influence of the Insertion Angle on Middle and Lower Face Tissue-Mechanics When Treating the Nasolabial Folds with Facial Suspension Threads—An Experimental Split-Face Cadaveric Study." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 03 (June 2020): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712469.

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AbstractA novel treatment approach to address the nasolabial fold is the insertion facial suspension threads. However, there is a paucity of data available to guide insertion techniques and material selection. Three female and two male cephalic specimens of Caucasian ethnicity (73.6 ± 6.5 years; 21.41 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were included into this experimental split-face study. One facial side was treated with polycaprolactone (PCL) thread: 180 mm, bidirectional, 18G 100 mm cannula, 20 degrees trajectory, preauricular approach whereas the contralateral side was treated with polydioxanone (PDO) thread: 100 mm, bidirectional, 19G, 60 mm cannula, 50 degrees trajectory, infraorbital approach. Three-dimensional imaging outcome measures included vertical and horizontal skin displacement and volume changes at the nasolabial sulcus, at the labiomandibular sulcus, and along the jawline. Comparing PCL 180 mm 20 degrees to PDO 100 mm 50 degrees: vertical lifting effect 1.42 ± 2.63 mm versus 1.24 ± 1.88 mm (p = 0.906); horizontal lifting effect 3.42 ± 1.44 mm versus –2.02 ± 1.84 mm (p = 0.001); nasolabial volume change –0.80 ± 0.65 mL versus –0.52 ± 0.17 mL (p = 0.367); labiomandibular volume change –0.45 ± 0.42 mL versus –0.16 ± 0.16 mL (p = 0.191); jawline volume change 0.02 ± 0.43 mL versus –0.01 ± 0.21 mL (p = 0.892). The study provides objective evidence for the short-term effectiveness of facial suspension threads in treating the nasolabial folds. The results point toward a better aesthetic outcome when utilizing long facial suspension threads that can effect full-face changes as compared with short facial suspension threads.

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Choi, So Young, Su Jin Kim, Ho Yun Lee, Dong Sik Chang, and Myoung Su Choi. "Esthetic Nasolabial Angle according to the Degree of Upper Lip Protrusion in an Asian Population." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2018.32.4485.

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Background The positioning of the nasal tip is as esthetically important as the tip projection when rhinoplasty is being considered. It is not uncommon for Asians to have a protruding upper lip and teeth that affect the nasolabial angle (NLA). This study aimed to find the preferred NLA according to the degree of upper lip protrusion in an Asian population. Methods A left-side lateral photograph of each participant was used for simulation of six different tip angles by using a photoshop program. First, the angles of the upper lip protrusion were changed into 10, 20, and 30° by a perpendicular line to the Frankfort line in each image; then, the NLAs were changed into six different angles (from 75 to 110°) for each of the three angles of upper lip protrusion for each model. Newly transformed images of nasal tips, six for the male model and six for the female model, were made by using presentation software slides and were placed in a random order. Then, 120 Korean raters were asked to choose the most preferred image from among the slides. Results In 10° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± standard deviation (SD) NLAs for the male and female models were 88.7 ± 6.4° and 92.9 ± 6.9°, respectively. In 20° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± SD NLAs for the male and female models were 80.9 ± 6.9° and 83.9 ± 5.7°, respectively. In 30° of upper lip protrusion, the preferred mean ± SD NLAs for the male and female models were 78.4 ± 5.5° and 79.0 ± 5.4°, respectively. Conclusion In an Asian population, the preferred NLA was changed to a more acute angle according to the degree of upper lip protrusion.

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Okeke, Chijioke, and Theodora Omaballa. "ANGULAR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FACIAL PROFILE OF IGBOS OF ANAM COMMUNITY OF NIGERIA." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 12, no. 2 (July 19, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v12.n2.27517.

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Beauty is most expressed by the face than any other part of the body. The beauty and uniqueness of the face is determined by the sizes and shapes of various parts of the face and various facial angles. The aim of this study was to characterize the angular facial profiles of the Indigenes of Anam, for application in aesthetics. It was a cross sectional study. Sample size was 500 (250 males and 250 females) and age range was between 18 to 40 years. Facial photographs were taken with a digital camera. A computer software was used to measure the following angles: nasofrontal (NF) angle, nasomental (NM) angle, nasofacial (NFa) angle, nasolabial (NL) angle and angle of facial convexity (AFC). Means of the angles were determined and test of significance was done using student t - test. The mean age for the sample was 22.09 ± 0.46 years (females) and 23. 87 ± 0.44 years (males). Females had significantly higher values than males in NF angle (females-134.00 , males-131.0 0 ), NM angle (females-129.0 0 , males-127.0 0 ), NL angle (females-78.9 0 , males-73.4 0 ) and AFC (females-165.0 0 , males-163.0 0 ). There was no significant sex difference in the value of NFa angle (females-40.9 0 , males-40.4 0 ). Some of the facial angular parameters correlated with each other in males and females but the strength of the correlations were small. This study shows that there was significant sex difference in NF, NM, NL angles and AFC, but not in NFa angle. There was mild correlation between the various facial angles in both sexes.

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Bittencourt, Marcos Alan Vieira, Arthur Costa Rodrigues Farias, and Marcelo de Castellucci e. Barbosa. "Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 5 (October 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000500007.

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INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.

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Naraghi, Mohsen, Mohammad Atari, and Hossein Asadollahi. "When Aesthetics, Surgery, and Psychology Meet: Aesthetic Nasal Proportions in Patients Having Rhinoplasty and Normal Adults." Surgery Journal 02, no. 01 (February 24, 2016): e44-e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1579658.

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The aesthetic nasal proportions have played a significant role in rhinoplasty practice. On the other hand, psychological variables also play a crucial role in rhinoplasty. It is of paramount importance for facial plastic surgeons to consider both sides to achieve a more satisfactory outcome. The present study aimed to compare aesthetic nasal proportions between primary rhinoplasty candidates and a demographically matched control group to determine whether patients having rhinoplasty have different aesthetic nasal proportions compared with healthy adults who are not interested in rhinoplasty. Sixty patients having rhinoplasty were selected consecutively from a surgical clinic. A control group (n = 60) with the same demographic characteristics was selected. Photographs were taken using a digital camera on a fixed zoom setting. All images were captured at a distance of 1.5 m. Frontal and right lateral views were used to compare nasolabial angle, nasofrontal angle, nasofacial angle, alar width, intercanthal distance, nasal length, and width-to-length ratio. Independent t tests were used for comparisons. Independent t tests verified that nasofrontal angle, nasal length, and width-to-length ratio were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.01). Effect sizes ranged between 0.11 and 0.69. Aesthetic proportions were not significantly different in four factors. Nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, alar width, and intercanthal distance were not different (p > 0.05). Four major aesthetic nasal proportions were statistically similar in a group of patients having rhinoplasty and a control group with no interest in rhinoplasty. Surprisingly, the patients having rhinoplasty showed a mean width-to-length ratio closer to aesthetic ideal. Therefore, applying for rhinoplasty may have strong psychological reasons (e.g., body dysmorphic symptoms) compared with realistic aesthetic appraisals.

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Silva, Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da, Gabriela Paiva de Melo, Silvia Maria Lambert da Costa, Jackelline Savana Vieira Estrela, Veruschka Ramalho Araruna, Amanda Caroline Muñoz Costa, Janaina Maria Dantas Pinto, Hanieri Gustavo de Oliveira, and Patrícia Froes Meyer. "Analysis of the complementary measurement of nasogenian wrinkles using Radiocef 2.0® software in the evaluation of facial chronoaging among women of different age groups." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 18, no. 4 (December 2015): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14108.

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Objective : To evaluate the facial aging of women of different ages using a software program to assist in the classification of wrinkles and sagging in the nasogenian region. Method : A descriptive observational study of 100 female volunteers was performed. The women were aged between 20 and 70 years old and were sorted by age group into five groups of 20 volunteers each. The instruments used were the Facial Assessment Protocol, a cephalostat for the standardization of photos, a 14.1 megapixel Sony digital camera, and the Radiocef 2.0® software program. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used for confirmation of normality and all data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis. The Chi-squared and Pearson's correlation tests were also performed. A significance level of 5% and a p value of ≤0.05 were adopted. Results : It was observed that all age groups had wrinkles in the nasolabial fold region. There was an association between age and the Goglau, Lapiere and Pierard scale. This incidence increased progressively with aging. A moderate correlation (r=0.67) was observed between age and distance from the nasolabial folds, while angle represented only a weak correlation (r=0.3), with the most significant age group that with the shortest distance and the widest angle. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated the importance of the Radiocef 2.0® software program in providing a more detailed analysis of the nasolabial folds. It is therefore a complementary assessment to the Facial Assessment Protocol, representing a research protocol for identifying the effectiveness of treatments and improving the evaluative procedure.

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Sánchez, M., M. Díaz, D. Briones, G. Arenas, and M. Canales. "Changes in the nasolabial angle associated with advance and maxillary impact surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1112.

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