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Journal articles on the topic 'Nassella trichotoma'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Denne, Tim. "Economics of Nassella Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) control in New Zealand." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 20, no. 4 (July 1988): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90163-6.

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2

Bourdôt, G. W., S. Jackman, and D. J. Saville. "Plant mortality and seedling recruitment responses to flupropanate in grassland populations of Nassella trichotoma." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (August 8, 2017): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.42.

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Flupropanate (sodium 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanate), a slow-acting lipid bio- synthesis-inhibiting herbicide, was recently registered in New Zealand as Taskforce (745 g/L flupropanate as the sodium salt) for the selective and long-term control of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) in pastures. In five dose-response experiments in permanent hill pastures in Canterbury, conducted between 2012 and 2016, we measured the efficacy of the herbicide against established plants of N. trichotoma and its residual activity against recruiting seedlings. Mortality, as an average across the five sites, was 93% 1.5 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (the label-recommended rate), and 100% at 2.98 kg/ha. This indicates that an application rate higher than the label rate will be necessary for complete control of a N. trichotoma infestation. The presence of 1,000 and 6,250 visible seedlings of N. trichotoma/ha in the autumn 3.2 and 2.1 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (at a Greta Valley and Scargill site respectively) indicates that the herbicide’s soil residues had decayed within 12 months to a concentration lower than necessary to kill the germinating seedlings of N. trichotoma.
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3

Bourdôt, G. W., G. A. Hurrell, and D. J. Saville. "Eradication of nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma), an unlikely outcome of grubbing." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 35, no. 3 (July 1992): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1992.10427501.

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4

Badgery, W. B., D. R. Kemp, D. L. Michalk, and W. McG King. "Studies of competition between Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock) and native pastures. 1. Adult plants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 3 (2008): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07112.

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Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is a hardy perennial grass weed that rapidly invades disturbed areas. Pasture competition is an important component of an integrated weed-management system for native pastures. This paper reports on a field experiment to ascertain the level of competition from native grasses for adult N. trichotoma plants. Native grasses prevented N. trichotoma plants from increasing in biomass and basal area when rotationally grazed or when grazing was removed and fertiliser was withheld. Smaller N. trichotoma plants (<500 mm2) were more likely to vary in size with very little change in larger plants. Flupropanate efficiently killed all N. trichotoma plants but caused considerable damage to perennial native species, resulting in an uncompetitive pasture dominated by broadleaf weeds.
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5

Westbrooks, Randy G., and Gene Cross. "Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) in the United States." Weed Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027998.

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Serrated tussock [(Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. # STDTR] is a clump-forming, perennial, cool season grass. It is native to South America, where it occurs in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. In the past century, it has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, and also occurs in small acreages in France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Serrated tussock occurs in fields, wastelands, and pastures, but rarely in wet or shaded areas.
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6

Lamoureaux, S., and G. Bourdôt. "Fruit viability on grubbed Nassella trichotoma (Nees) tussocks." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 8 (2002): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02032.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of time of grubbing in the late spring–early summer, panicle developmental stage at grubbing, and the presence or absence of roots on grubbed plants, on the initial and post-senescent viability of fruits of Nassella trichotoma in North Canterbury, New Zealand. The percentage of fruits viable, following desiccation of panicles removed from plants grubbed in the field, increased from 1% for panicles just beginning to emerge from the leaf sheath, to 49% for panicles fully extended at the time of grubbing. Similarly, as grubbing date was delayed from late November (late spring) until late December (early summer), fruit viability increased from 0.3 to 47%. Overall, 36% of the fruits were viable on panicles at the time of grubbing, increasing slightly to 47 and 44%, respectively, after a period of desiccation with and without the panicles being attached to the grubbed plant's root system. It was concluded that if recruitment of fruits of N. trichotoma to the soil seed bank is to be prevented in North Canterbury, plants must be uprooted before panicle extension. Delaying grubbing to when panicles are fully extended, while possibly enabling a higher percentage of plants to be detected and therefore destroyed, carries with it a high risk of permitting the recruitment of viable fruits to the soil seed bank.
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7

Badgery, W. B., D. R. Kemp, D. L. Michalk, and W. McG King. "Studies of competition between Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock) and native pastures. 2. Seedling responses." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 3 (2008): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07113.

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Native perennial grass competition can substantially reduce the invasion of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock), a major perennial grass weed problem in south-eastern Australia. This paper reports on a field experiment that investigated the recruitment of N. trichotoma seedlings, and determined what level of native grass competition was needed to prevent establishment in the central-west of NSW. Grasslands that maintained >2 t dry matter (DM)/ha and 100% ground cover (measured in spring) prevented N. trichotoma seedling recruitment. Relatively small amounts of perennial grass (>0.5 t DM/ha measured in spring) resulted in mortality of N. trichotoma seedlings that had recruited earlier in the year, through the next summer. Flupropanate also markedly reduced native perennial grasses and substantially increased N. trichotoma seedling establishment 12 months after application. Rotational grazing to maintain adequate levels of DM was an important management tactic that prevented N. trichotoma establishment and survival.
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8

Humphries, Talia, and Singarayer K. Florentine. "A Comparative Review of Six Invasive Nassella Species in Australia with Implications for Their Management." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061036.

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Two Nassella species, Nassella trichotoma and Nassella neesiana, have significantly reduced the carrying capacity of Australia’s south-east rangelands and agricultural systems. It is, therefore, of considerable concern that four other Nassella species have also become naturalised in Australia, and are noted to share many of the ecological features of the two currently widespread species. This paper reviews the distribution, ecology, and impacts of all six Nassella species, which are currently naturalised in Australia, and makes recommendations toward a blanket Nassella control program. The review highlights observed similarities between the species, including the time of flowering, seed type, germination requirements, and growth morphology. These common factors support the possibility that an integrated Nassella control program could be designed to integrate good grazing management with cultural control methods, such as soil cultivation, fire, and native plant competition, with treatments being implemented prior to the common annual seed maturation period. Notwithstanding the success of these integrated programs, it is recognised that seeds of all species may remain viable in the seedbank for up to 12 years, meaning ongoing monitoring and management will be required. To develop even finer control programs, further research into the ecology of these Nassella species is recommended to determine any additional weak spots in these species’ defences, and to subsequently develop and apply novel integrated control methods that target all six species.
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9

Kriticos, D. J., S. Lamoureaux, G. W. Bourdôt, and W. Pettit. "Nassella tussock current and potential distributions in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6976.

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Nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma) occurs most frequently in droughtprone grasslands in several areas of New Zealand where it is the subject of surveillance and/or regional management strategies The potential range of nassella tussock in New Zealand was estimated using a climate model developed from global distribution data (excluding the known distribution for New Zealand) The climate suitability of New Zealand for nassella tussock was estimated using a gridded climate dataset with a spatial resolution of 10 minutes of arc The model projections encompassed all areas of current occupation as determined from the records of ten Local Authorities and revealed vast tracts of land particularly in southern Canterbury and Otago which are currently climatically suitable yet unoccupied by the weed This map will enable regional authorities to recognise sites most at risk of invasion (those with high climatic suitability that are nearby current or historical infestations) and factor this into their management programmes
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10

Lusk, C. S., S. L. Lamoureaux, G. A. Hurrell, and G. W. Bourd?t. "Estimating the fate of seeds in a Nassella trichotoma population." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6880.

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A previouslydeveloped model for a nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma) population suggests that 97 of the seeds produced do not enter the soil seed bank To determine the extent to which seeds are lost from the soil surface an experiment was conducted over 1 year at three sites in North Canterbury pastures In January 2007 soil cores with intact pasture in opentopped containers were buried to ground level at each of the sites Three treatments (no seed 25 awned or 25 deawned seeds scattered onto the core surface) were applied The number of intact seeds recovered by monthly exhumation of cores declined linearly and at an average rate of 48 over the year Assuming the model is correct this rate of loss implies that only 5 of the seeds produced reach the soil surface and that 95 are therefore lost before deposition through wind dispersal or through predispersal predation
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11

Vere, David T., Bruce A. Auld, and Malcolm H. Campbell. "Economic Assessments of Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) as a Pasture Weed." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037702.

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Weeds reduce the livestock production from pastures and impose control costs on producers and governments. Economic assessments of pasture weed problems are required on and beyond the farm for planning private and public weed control. This requirement has several dimensions that can be used to demonstrate the economic effect of weeds and encourage weed control by the private and public sectors. This paper discusses the economic problems of pasture weeds and the procedures for multi-level economic assessments with a major pasture weed in Australia as an example, and demonstrates the important private and social economic benefits from controlling this weed.
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12

Lamoureaux, S. L., G. W. Bourd?t, A. D. L. Noble, and C. A. Dowsett. "Flupropanate in vitro pasture species susceptibilities." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5877.

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Flupropanate a soilactive herbicide that inhibits lipid biosynthesis has become available in New Zealand for the selective control of the stipoid grasses Nassella neesiana and N trichotoma in pasture In commercial spray operations and field trials the selectivity of the herbicide has been extremely variable As a first step towards identifying pasture species that could be safely sown following application of the herbicide the in vitro doseresponse of 33 species and cultivars (grasses and dicotyledons) was determined Ranking the cultivars based on the slopes of linear regressions fitted to their radicle lengths (relative to untreated control) against the logarithm of flupropanate dose suggested that ryegrass and Nassella spp are among the most sensitive whilst plantain chicory and some legumes including lucerne are relatively tolerant The rankings from this study will be subjected to validation in a field trial using a subset of the species
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13

Watt, Michael S., Darren J. Kriticos, Shona L. Lamoureaux, and Graeme W. Bourdôt. "Climate Change and the Potential Global Distribution of Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma)." Weed Science 59, no. 4 (December 2011): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00032.1.

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We used the process-oriented niche model CLIMEX to estimate the potential global distribution of serrated tussock under projected future climates. Serrated tussock is a drought-tolerant, wind- and human-dispersed grass of South American origin that has invaded pastures in Australia, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa. The likely effect of climate change on its potential global distribution was assessed by applying six climate-change scenarios to a previously developed model. The projections of climatic suitability under the current climate revealed considerable scope for spread, with the most suitable areas occurring adjacent to existing naturalized populations in Australia, New Zealand, and Western Europe. Under future climates, projected to the 2080s, the land area suitable for serrated tussock contracts globally between 20 and 27%. Changes in projected potential area under the six scenarios were very similar in all geographical regions apart from North America and New Zealand, where the projections range from little change or contraction under the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Centre for Climate Research (MIROC) global climate models (GCMs) to expansion under the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) GCM. Elsewhere, contractions occur in Australia, Asia, South America, and Africa under all six future climate scenarios. By contrast, for Europe, the area climatically suitable for serrated tussock increases under all six scenarios (average increase 47%) through expansions into eastern European countries that are currently unsuitable and through increases in the suitable area in England, Ireland, and Denmark. Since pastoralism is a dominant land use in these regions of Europe, a prudent biosecurity strategy would be to contain the nascent foci of serrated tussock in southern France, along the west coast of Italy, and in the United Kingdom. This strategy could consist of a set of policies to limit human-assisted dispersal of the species' seeds and to reduce wind-borne spread through cultural control of the plant.
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14

Wang, Aisuo, Hanwen Wu, and David Gopurenko. "Complete chloroplast genome of Serrated Tussock, Nassella trichotoma (Poaceae: Stipeae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 7, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2107444.

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15

LAFFAN, S. W. "Assessing regional scale weed distributions, with an Australian example using Nassella trichotoma." Weed Research 46, no. 3 (June 2006): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00491.x.

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16

Humphries, Talia, and Singarayer Florentine. "Assessing Seedbank Longevity and Seed Persistence of the Invasive Tussock Grass Nassella trichotoma Using in-Field Burial and Laboratory-Controlled Ageing." Plants 11, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182377.

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The ability to produce highly dense and persistent seedbanks is a major contributor to the successful widespread establishment of invasive plants. This study seeks to identify seed persistence and seedbank longevity for the invasive tussock grass Nassella trichotoma (Nees.) Hack. ex Arechav in order to recommend management strategies for preventing re-emergence from the seedbank. To determine the seedbank longevity and persistence, two experiments were conducted: (i) seeds were buried at four depths (0, 1, 2, and 4 cm) and collected and assessed for viability, seed decay, and in-field germination after 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of field burial; and (ii) seeds were exposed to artificial ageing conditions (60% RH and 45 °C) for 1, 2, 5, 9, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, and 120 days, and viability was determined through germination tests and tetrazolium tests. Less than 10% of the seeds collected after 12 months of in-field burial were viable. The artificial ageing treatment found germination declined to 50% after 5.8 days, further suggesting that N. trichotoma seeds are short lived. The results from both experiments indicate that N. trichotoma has a transient seedbank, with less than 10% of the seeds demonstrating short-term persistence. It is likely the persistent seeds beyond 12 months were exhibiting secondary dormancy as viable seeds did not germinate under optimal germination conditions. The “Best Practice Guidelines” recommend monitoring for seedbank recruitment for at least three years after treating N. trichotoma infestations. The results of this study support this recommendation as a small proportion of the seeds demonstrated short-term persistence.
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17

Ruttledge, A., R. D. B. Whalley, I. Reeve, D. A. Backhouse, and B. M. Sindel. "Preventing weed spread: a survey of lifestyle and commercial landholders about Nassella trichotoma in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 4 (2015): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15010.

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Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (common name, serrated tussock) occupies large areas of south-eastern Australia and has considerable scope for expansion in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. This highly invasive grass reduces pasture productivity and has the potential to severely affect the region’s economy by decreasing the livestock carrying capacity of grazing land. Other potential consequences of this invasion include increased fuel loads and displacement of native plants, thereby threatening biodiversity. Rural property owners in the Northern Tablelands were sent a mail questionnaire that examined use of measures to prevent new outbreaks of the weed. The questionnaire was sent to professional farmers as well as lifestyle farmers (owners of rural residential blocks and hobby farms) and 271 responses were obtained (a response rate of 18%). Key findings were respondents’ limited capacity to detect N. trichotoma, and low adoption of precautions to control seed spread by livestock, vehicles and machinery. This was particularly the case among lifestyle farmers. There have been considerable recent changes to biosecurity governance arrangements in New South Wales, and now is an ideal time for regulators and information providers to consider how to foster regional communities’ engagement in biosecurity, including the adoption of measures that have the capacity to curtail the spread of N. trichotoma.
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18

BADGERY, WARWICK B., DAVID R. KEMP, DAVID L. MICHALK, and WARREN M. C. G. KING. "Competition for Nitrogen between Australian Native Grasses and the Introduced Weed Nassella trichotoma." Annals of Botany 96, no. 5 (July 26, 2005): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci230.

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19

Lange, Claudia, Dagmar F. Goeke, Graeme W. Bourdôt, Shona L. Lamoureaux, Ana Podolyan, and Gary J. Houliston. "Molecular markers for Nassella trichotoma (Poaceae) to study genetic variation in New Zealand." Applications in Plant Sciences 6, no. 9 (September 2018): e1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps3.1181.

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20

Campbell, MH, and HI Ridings. "Tolerance of grazed and ungrazed Phalaris aquatica to glyphosate, tetrapion and 2,2-DPA." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 6 (1988): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880747.

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In 3 experiments carried out near Orange, N.S.W., we assessed the tolerance of grazed and ungrazed Phalaris aquatica to glyphosate, tetrapion and 2,2-DPA each applied at 3 rates. P. aquatica, when maturing, or when dormant during summer, or at any time of the year after heavy grazing had removed almost all green leaves, was tolerant to glyphosate (0.54, 0.72, 1.08 kg/ha a.i.). At any time of the year, ungrazed P. aquatica tolerated low rates of tetrapion (1.5 and 2.25 kg/ha a.i.) or 2,2-DPA (4.4 and 11.1 kg/ha a.i.). It was most tolerant to the high rate of tetrapion (3.0 kg/ha a.i.) in winter and the high rate of 2,2-DPA (22.2 kg/ha a.i.) in spring, summer or autumn. Grazing before or after spraying did not improve the tolerance of P. aquatica to 2,2-DPA but grazing after spraying improved its tolerance to tetrapion. Maximum selective effect, on taking into account the optimum time for killing weeds and retaining pasture (P. aquatica and Trifolium subterraneum), could be achieved by applying: tetrapion to Nassella trichotoma, Eragrostis curvula or Sporobolus africanus in late spring or summer; 2,2-DPA to N. trichotoma in summer; and glyphosate to Poa labillardieri and heavily grazed pasture in summer, provided the weed was actively growing.
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21

Ruttledge, Annemieke, Ralph D. B. Whalley, Gregory Falzon, David Backhouse, and Brian M. Sindel. "The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 2 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20008.

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A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.
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22

Lamoureaux, Shona L., Graeme W. Bourdôt, and David J. Saville. "Population growth of Nassella trichotoma in grasslands in New Zealand slower today than in the past." Acta Oecologica 37, no. 5 (September 2011): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.06.008.

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23

Campbell, MH, and RD Murison. "Effect of mixtures of tetrapion and 2,2-DPA on the control of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850672.

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Mixtures of tetrapion (sodium 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate) and 2,2-DPA (sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate) at rates of 1.125 + 5.2 and 0.75 + 10.4 kg/ha a.i. were applied to serrated tussock on six occasions between 1980 and 1983 and were equal to or superior to the recommended rate of tetrapion alone (1.5 kg/ha a.i.) or 2,2-DPA alone (20.8 kg/ ha a.i.) in killing serrated tussock. Although the mixtures of tetrapion and 2,2-DPA produced a much faster phytotoxic effect on serrated tussock than tetrapion alone, establishment of surfaces own pasture species was not improved by using the mixtures. The reasons for this result are discussed. Mixtures of tetrapion and 2,2-DPA may be useful on soils where residual effects of tetrapion remain for long periods, when quick phytotoxic effects will stop serrated tussock flowering or allow re-spraying to be carried out after 6 weeks rather than after 9-12 weeks with tetrapion alone, and where improved effectiveness on annual grass weeds is required. Establishment of surface-sown pasture species after use of tetrapion, 2,2-DPA, or the mixtures applied before the autumn break, was improved by killing annual weeds with glyphosate application 1 week before sowing in late autumn or early winter.
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Patterson, David T. "Temperature Responses and Potential Range of the Grass Weed, Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma), in the United States." Weed Technology 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028554.

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In controlled-environment chambers, serrated tussock achieved maximum growth in temperature regimes of 18/11, 18/23, 24/23, or 24/17 C day/night. Growth was significantly reduced at 30/11 C, and no plants survived at 36/29 C. Serrated tussock seedlings grew slowly at first but eventually produced vigorous tussocks with as many as 2800 tillers after 140 d in the 24/17 C regime. Comparisons of climatic conditions in New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States revealed that similar temperature conditions occur during the warmest eight mo of the year in areas as diverse as Oregon, Washington, the Sierran Nevada foothills of California, upper elevation rangelands in Arizona, and the southern Appalachian highlands. None of these areas has a precipitation pattern similar to those of the sites of serrated tussock weed infestation in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poorly managed pastures and unimproved rangelands in these diverse areas may be vulnerable to invasion by serrated tussock, should the weed become established in the United States.
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Bourdôt, Graeme W., and David J. Saville. "Nassella trichotoma – plant growth rates and effects of timing of grubbing on populations in North Canterbury grassland." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 62, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2018.1483954.

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García, Andrés, Alejandro Loydi, and Roberto A. Distel. "Temporal and spatial variation in the soil seed bank of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) in its native range." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 1 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20046.

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Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav) is an unpalatable grass species that has been expanding in its native range and invading non-native ranges. In this study in its natural environment, we aimed to describe the spatial relationship between seed density, the cover and density of standing individuals of serrated tussock, the seasonal variation in the seed density in the soil seed bank, and to compare these results with those reported in non-native ranges. We took soil samples seasonally and recorded the cover and density of standing individuals of serrated tussock at two sites in the native Pampas grasslands in central-east Argentina. Seed density was evaluated by seedling emergence and seed extraction. Seed density showed a seasonality trend, with maximum values in the end of summer and minimum values in winter and spring. Seed density was independent of the cover and density of standing individuals of serrated tussock. The values of seed density were lower than those reported in the invaded ranges. Since seeds of serrated tussock are present in the seed bank regardless of the cover and density of its standing individuals, the maintenance of a high cover of desirable species may play a key role in preventing the establishment of serrated tussock in both its natural and invaded ranges.
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27

Viljoen, B. D. "Effect of rate and time of application of tetrapion on nassella tussock (Stipa trichotoma Nees) in South Africa." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 4, no. 2 (January 1987): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1987.10634945.

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28

Humphries, Talia, Bhagirath S. Chauhan, and Singarayer K. Florentine. "Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): e0199491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199491.

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Cowan, T. F., B. M. Sindel, R. S. Jessop, and J. E. Browning. "Mapping the distribution and spread of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) with a view to improving detectability, containment and eradication." Crop Protection 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.018.

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30

Humphries, Talia, Kim Dowling, Christopher Turville, Steve Sinclair, and Singarayer Florentine. "Ecology, distribution and control of the invasive weed Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav.: A global review of current and future challenges." Weed Research 60, no. 6 (October 26, 2020): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12449.

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31

Marshall, Graham R., Michael J. Coleman, Brian M. Sindel, Ian J. Reeve, and Peter J. Berney. "Collective action in invasive species control, and prospects for community-based governance: The case of serrated tussock ( Nassella trichotoma ) in New South Wales, Australia." Land Use Policy 56 (November 2016): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.028.

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32

James, Alex, Richard Brown, Britta Basse, Graeme W. Bourdôt, Shona L. Lamoureaux, Mick Roberts, and David J. Saville. "Application of a spatial meta-population model with stochastic parameters to the management of the invasive grass Nassella trichotoma in North Canterbury, New Zealand." Ecological Modelling 222, no. 4 (February 2011): 1030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.11.031.

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33

Bourdôt, G. W., and D. J. Saville. "Nassella trichotomain modified tussock grasslands in New Zealand: a case study in landscape-scale invasive plant population monitoring." Weed Research 56, no. 5 (July 31, 2016): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12221.

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34

"Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.35726.

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This datasheet on Nassella trichotoma covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
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35

"Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass)." PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank Species Pages (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pwkb.species.35726.

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36

Humphries, Talia, Christopher Turville, Steven Sinclair, and Singarayer Florentine. "An integrated approach for the restoration of Australian temperate grasslands invaded by Nassella trichotoma." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (December 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25517-3.

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AbstractInvasive plants are considered to be one of the biggest threats to environmental assets, and once established, they can be immensely difficult to control. Nassella trichotoma is an aggressive, perennial grass species, and is considered to be one of the most economically damaging weeds to grazing systems due to its unpalatability, as well as being one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss in grassland communities. This species produces high density seedbanks that rapidly respond to disturbance events. Despite control programs being developing in Australia since the 1930s, this species is still widespread throughout south-east Australia, indicating that a new management approach is critical to control this Weed of National Significance at the landscape scale. The present study explored the effect of 12 different combinations of herbicide, fire, a second application of herbicide, grazing exclusion, tillage and broadcasting seeds in order to reduce the above and below-ground density of N. trichotoma. A control treatment was also included. The results were assessed using a Hierarchy analysis, whereby treatments of increasing complexity were compared for their efficacy in reducing N. trichotoma cover and seedbank density, while simultaneously increasing the establishment of the broadcast species. Whilst all integrated treatments effectively reduced N. trichotoma’s seedbank, the treatments that included fire performed significantly better at simultaneously reducing N. trichotoma and increasing the establishment of broadcasted seeds. Overall, the integration of herbicide, fire and broadcasting native seeds was observed to provide the most economically feasible management strategy for the landscape scale restoration of a degraded temperate grassland dominated by N. trichotoma.
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Bourdôt, Graeme W., Shona L. Lamoureaux, Alasdair Noble, Yiwei Chen, and Carolyn Song. "Grubbing and biological control strategies for Nassella trichotoma evaluated using a matrix population model." Weed Research, September 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12507.

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