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Gates, Andrew J., Victor M. Luque-Almagro, Alan D. Goddard, Stuart J. Ferguson, M. Dolores Roldán, and David J. Richardson. "A composite biochemical system for bacterial nitrate and nitrite assimilation as exemplified by Paracoccus denitrificans." Biochemical Journal 435, no. 3 (April 13, 2011): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20101920.
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The denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans can grow aerobically or anaerobically using nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source. The biochemical pathway responsible is expressed from a gene cluster comprising a nitrate/nitrite transporter (NasA), nitrite transporter (NasH), nitrite reductase (NasB), ferredoxin (NasG) and nitrate reductase (NasC). NasB and NasG are essential for growth with nitrate or nitrite as the nitrogen source. NADH serves as the electron donor for nitrate and nitrite reduction, but only NasB has a NADH-oxidizing domain. Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities show the same Km for NADH and can be separated by anion-exchange chromatography, but only fractions containing NasB retain the ability to oxidize NADH. This implies that NasG mediates electron flux from the NADH-oxidizing site in NasB to the sites of nitrate and nitrite reduction in NasC and NasB respectively. Delivery of extracellular nitrate to NasBGC is mediated by NasA, but both NasA and NasH contribute to nitrite uptake. The roles of NasA and NasC can be substituted during anaerobic growth by the biochemically distinct membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase (Nar), demonstrating functional overlap. nasG is highly conserved in nitrate/nitrite assimilation gene clusters, which is consistent with a key role for the NasG ferredoxin, as part of a phylogenetically widespread composite nitrate and nitrite reductase system.
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Koulis, T. A., K. Beecham, C. Speers, S. Tyldesley, D. Voduc, C. Simmons, and R. Olson. "Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer: use and trends in radiotherapy practice." Current Oncology 24, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.24.3558.
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BackgroundThe use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (nast) in the treatment of breast cancer is increasing, and the role of adjuvant radiation therapy (rt) in that setting is uncertain. We sought to review and report the use of nast, its trends over time, and its relationship with the prescribing patterns of locoregional rt in a provincial cancer system.Methods Patients with stages i–iii breast cancer diagnosed during 2007–2012 were identified using a provincial database. Patient, tumour, and treatment characteristics were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations with the use of nast. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used for survival analyses.Results Of the 11,658 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 602 (5%) had received nast. Use of nast was more frequent in stage iii patients (53%) than in stages i and ii patients (2%). In clinically lymph-node positive patients, a pathology assessment was made approximately 50% of the time. Higher clinical tumour stage and increasing clinical nodal stage predicted for increasing use of nast and of nodal rt after nast, but pathologic nodal status after nast was not associated with use of nodal rt. A statistically significant survival difference was observed between patients in the nast and no-nast groups, but that significance disappeared in a multivariable Cox regression analysis.Conclusions This population-based study demonstrated 5% use of nast for breast cancer. Most patients received nodal rt after nast, and nodal rt was not associated with pathologic stage after nast. Findings likely reflect the realities of clinical practice and show that reliance on clinical nodal staging results in outcomes similar to those reported in the literature.
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Zeller, Thomas, and Elias Noory. "Update Nierenarterienstenose (NAST)." Der Klinikarzt 48, no. 05 (May 2019): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0901-0864.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie arteriosklerotische Nierenarterienstenose, die häufigste Form der Nierenarterienstenose (NAST), kann eine präexistente arterielle Hypertonie bis hin zu rezidivierenden Lungenödemen überwiegend bei globaler Ischämie verschlechtern, ist jedoch im Gegensatz zur fibromuskulären Dysplasie (FMD) des jüngeren Patienten seltener Ursache einer reinen sekundären Hypertonieform. Sie ist eine zur Progression neigende Erkrankung, charakteristisch für den renovaskulären Hochdruck sind erhöhte diastolische Werte und eine Neigung zur Hypokaliämie. Die arterielle Hypertonie, aber auch die Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotension-Aldosteron-Systems kann zu Endorganschäden wie linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie mit konsekutiver diastolischer und systolischer Herzinsuffizienz führen. Die farbkodierte Duplexsonografie ist die diagnostische Methode der Wahl, sie ermöglicht keine exakte Stenosegraduierung, aber eine Differenzierung zwischen hämodynamisch relevanten und nicht relevanten Stenosen. Die Magnetresonanzangiografie und Computertomografie-Angiografie in Dünnschichttechnik erlauben eine gute Darstellung der Morphologie, während die selektive arterielle Angiografie unverändert als diagnostischer Goldstandard gilt. Bei arteriosklerotischen NAST ist eine konsequente medikamentöse Sekundärprophylaxe mit Senkung des LDL-Spiegels, Nikotinkarenz und HbA1c-Einstellung im Zielbereich notwendig. Die neuesten Europäischen Leitlinien empfehlen eine Revaskularisation der arteriosklerotischen NAST nur bei kompliziertem Verlauf, während die Indikation zur Revaskularisation bei FMD liberaler gesehen wird. Revaskularisiernde Therapie der Wahl arteriosklerotischer NAST ist die perkutane transluminale renale Angioplastie mit Einsetzen eines Stents.
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Martínez, María, Sara Jiménez, Florentina Guzmán, Marta Fernández, Elena Arizaga, and Consuelo Sanz. "Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Node Marking with Magseed® before and after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: MAGNET Study." Breast Journal 2022 (July 9, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6111907.
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Background. Due to the high false negative rate (FNR) associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST), the standard surgical treatment for patients with an initially positive axilla and indicated for NAST is axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). To avoid unnecessary ALND, this multicenter, prospective, observational study aimed to determine the effectiveness and ease of using magnetic seeds (Magseed®) for targeted axillary dissection (TAD) when the seeds are placed before or after NAST. Materials and Methods. We recruited 81 patients diagnosed with T1-T3 breast cancer, with clinically/radiologically positive nodal involvement (cN1, 75 patients with 1–3 nodes suspected nodes and 6 patients with up to 4 suspected nodes) prior to NAST. Positive nodes detected by fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy were marked with a stainless steel marker coil and after NAST with Magseed® prior to surgery (Post-NAST group), or directly with Magseed® before NAST (Pre-NAST group). The correlation between lymph nodes marked with Magseed® (MLNs) and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) was calculated based on pathologic assessment with the OSNA assay (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe) or conventional sectioning and staining techniques according to the standard protocols of each center. Results. All magnetic seeds were successfully identified and retrieved in just over 10 minutes of surgery, guided by the Sentimag® magnetometer system. The overall concordance rate between MLNs and SLNs was 81.5%, and the concordance between MLNs and SLNs with metastasis was 93.8%. Metastasis was detected in 54.3% of the MLNs compared with 48.1% of SLNs. In cases that presented negative MLN and negative SLN (negative TAD), the FNR was 0%. No significant differences were found between the Post-NAST and Pre-NAST groups. Conclusions. Our results validate the use of Magseed® for long-term marking of axillary lymph nodes and show that when used in combination with SLNB for TAD, a FNR of 0% can be achieved, avoiding unnecessary ALND.
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Pino, C., F. Olmo-Mira, P. Cabello, M. Martínez-Luque, F. Castillo, M. D. Roldán, and C. Moreno-Vivián. "The assimilatory nitrate reduction system of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 1 (January 20, 2006): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340127.
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The phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1 assimilates nitrate under anaerobic phototrophic growth conditions. A 17 kb DNA region encoding the nitrate assimilation (nas) system of this bacterium has been cloned and sequenced. This region includes the genes coding for a putative ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type nitrate transporter (nasFED) and the structural genes for the enzymes nitrate reductase (nasA), nitrite reductase (nasB) and hydroxylamine reductase (hcp). Three genes code for putative regulatory proteins: a nitrite-sensitive repressor (nsrR), a transcription antiterminator (nasT) and a nitrate sensor (nasS). Other genes probably involved in nitrate assimilation are also present in this region. The sequence analysis of these genes and the biochemical properties of the purified nitrate, nitrite and hydroxylamine reductases are reviewed.
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Castillo, Dan Ran, Seyed Saeed Pairawan, Laura Denham, Sharon S. Lum, and Gayathri Nagaraj. "Biomarker evolution after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e12615-e12615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e12615.
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e12615 Background: Tumor heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer (BC) and has major implications for treatment response and resistance. Currently, there are no specific guidelines regarding biomarker reassessment on residual tumor post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST). In this study, we compared biomarker discordance between pre- and post-NAST tumors at our institution and determined if actionable changes were observed. We also report the impact of the detected biomarkers differences on the choice of adjuvant treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of BC patients who received NAST followed by definitive surgery from 2004 to 2020. The initial tissue biopsies were tested for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status per ASCO/CAP guidelines and repeated on the residual tumor tissue after NAST. Descriptive statistics was used to compare clinicopathologic characteristics. The biomarkers were compared using Wilcoxon’s t test and McNemar’s test. Concordance analysis of intrinsic subtypes was evaluated by Cohen’s kappa method. Results: Out of 434 patients who undergone surgical resection following NAST, 95 (22%) patients were identified to have repeat biomarker testing of residual invasive BC post NAST. 30 out of the 96 patients were found to discordant receptor status on repeat biomarker testing. In this cohort of thirty patients with discordant biomarkers, median age was 51.5 (29-70 years), 33.3% cases had stage II, and 56.7% had stage III BC. 66.75 patients were ER positive and/or PR positive, 20% patients were HER2 positive with one triple positive, and 13.3% patients were triple negative on pre-NAST tumors. Majority of the retesting was performed on breast tissue (90%, n = 27). The biomarker change was noted in 11 out of 30 (36.7%) for ER, 12 out of 30 (40%) for PR, and 13 out of 30 (43.3%) for HER2 marker. Concordance analysis demonstrated that HER2 was the most prone to change (Cohen K = -0.003) from pre-NAST to post-NAST specimen, whereas ER (Cohen k = 0.26) and PR (Cohen k = 0.18) were less subject to change. Kappa assumes theoretical maximum value of 1 when pre- and post-NAST are in agreement, a negative value indicates a poor concordance. One third of patients with discordant biomarkers had additional adjuvant treatment. 8 out of 30 patients (26.7%) were started on adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy due to HER2 positivity on post-NAST tumors. After ER positivity was detected on residual BC tumors, 2 initial triple negative patients (6.7%) were initiated on adjuvant endocrine therapy. Conclusions: Biomarker discordance due to tumor heterogeneity is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Given the prognostic and therapeutic implications of biomarker driven BC management, retesting biomarkers routinely after NAST on residual invasive tumor would be beneficial in this patient population.
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Orr, Brooke Speer. "Crusading Cartoonist: Thomas Nast." Reviews in American History 42, no. 2 (2014): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2014.0033.
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Ma, Yue, J. Liang, Y. Zheng, S. L. Erlandsen, L. E. Scriven, and H. T. Davis. "Direct Imaging of Sodium Stearate Crystals Dispersed in Waterpropylene Glycol Mixtures by Cryo-Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029743.
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Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo- TEM), in conjunctions with rheological measurements, light and confocal microscopy, x-ray scattering, and solid state NMR, are used to characterize sodium stearate (NaSt) crystals dispersed in waterpropylene glycol (PG) mixtures at macroscopic, microscopic, molecular, and atomic levels. NaSt is a surface-active, structural agent in household and personal cleaning products, including deodorant sticks and soap bars. A better structural characterization of NaSt/PG/water systems has practical importance in personal care and cosmetic industries. NaSt crystals and other soap crystal morphologies have been studied by the TEM/replica technique. However, the replicas were made of the residue after the original sample or its aqueous dilution were dried, and the original structure may have been lost during drying. Cryo-SEM was not used to study NaSt crystals because of its lower resolution and because the crystals are highly susceptible to radiation damage by electron beam.
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Benke, Edit, Piroska Szabó-Révész, and Rita Ambrus. "Development of meloxicam potassium-containing co-spray-dried inhalation powder with sodium stearate." Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 91, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33892/aph.2021.91.75-82.
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Pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has potential for both local and systemic therapy. Our research group is focus- ing on the development of dry powder inhalation (DPI) systems for PDD due to their beneficial properties. Although there is not yet a marketed inhalation product for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), their therapeutic use in sev- eral lung diseases is well established and successful DPI developments have been performed with them. Sodium stearate (NaSt) is a promising excipient for DPI development, but its role in NSAIDs has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim was to study DPI samples produced by co-spray-drying, applying meloxicam potassium (MXP) as an NSAID drug, and different concentrations (0-2 w/w%) of NaSt. Physicochemical investigations, in vitro lung deposition, and in vitro drug release measurements were performed. It can be stated that co-spray-drying of MXP with NaSt resulted in remarkable morphological differences by increasing the concentration of NaSt, which had a positive effect on cohesive work. Further- more, applying of NaSt accelerates the dissolution in simulated lung fluid (SLF). NaSt as excipient has a future for the formulation of the DPI systems because there are in the development focus the attaintment of the higher FPF values and improvement of dissolution in SLF.
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Luque-Almagro, Victor M., Isabel Manso, Matthew J. Sullivan, Gary Rowley, Stuart J. Ferguson, Conrado Moreno-Vivián, David J. Richardson, Andrew J. Gates, and M. Dolores Roldán. "Transcriptional and translational adaptation to aerobic nitrate anabolism in the denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 11 (May 10, 2017): 1769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170115.
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Transcriptional adaptation to nitrate-dependent anabolism by Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was studied. A total of 74 genes were induced in cells grown with nitrate as N-source compared with ammonium, including nasTSABGHC and ntrBC genes. The nasT and nasS genes were cotranscribed, although nasT was more strongly induced by nitrate than nasS. The nasABGHC genes constituted a transcriptional unit, which is preceded by a non-coding region containing hairpin structures involved in transcription termination. The nasTS and nasABGHC transcripts were detected at similar levels with nitrate or glutamate as N-source, but nasABGHC transcript was undetectable in ammonium-grown cells. The nitrite reductase NasG subunit was detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in cytoplasmic fractions from nitrate-grown cells, but it was not observed when either ammonium or glutamate was used as the N-source. The nasT mutant lacked both nasABGHC transcript and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent nitrate reductase activity. On the contrary, the nasS mutant showed similar levels of the nasABGHC transcript to the wild-type strain and displayed NasG protein and NADH–nitrate reductase activity with all N-sources tested, except with ammonium. Ammonium repression of nasABGHC was dependent on the Ntr system. The ntrBC and ntrYX genes were expressed at low levels regardless of the nitrogen source supporting growth. Mutational analysis of the ntrBCYX genes indicated that while ntrBC genes are required for nitrate assimilation, ntrYX genes can only partially restore growth on nitrate in the absence of ntrBC genes. The existence of a regulation mechanism for nitrate assimilation in P. denitrificans, by which nitrate induction operates at both transcriptional and translational levels, is proposed.
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Wang, Jiabao, Hye-Mi Kim, and Edmund K. M. Chang. "Changes in Northern Hemisphere Winter Storm Tracks under the Background of Arctic Amplification." Journal of Climate 30, no. 10 (April 25, 2017): 3705–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0650.1.
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Abstract An interdecadal weakening in the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) and a poleward shift of the North Pacific storm track (NPST) are found during October–March for the period 1979–2015. A significant warming of surface air temperature (Ts) over northeastern North America and a La Niña–like change in the North Pacific under the background of Arctic amplification are found to be the contributors to the observed changes in the NAST and the NPST, respectively, via modulation of local baroclinicity. The interdecadal change in baroclinic energy conversion is consistent with changes in storm tracks with an energy loss from eddies to mean flow over the North Atlantic and an energy gain over the North Pacific. The analysis of simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project, although with some biases in storm-track and Ts simulations, supports the observed relationship between the NAST and Ts over northeastern North America, as well as the link between the NPST and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The near-future projections of Ts and storm tracks are characterized by a warmer planet under the influence of increasing greenhouse gases and a significant weakening of both the NAST and the NPST. The potential role of the NAST in redistributing changes in Ts over the surrounding regions is also examined. The anomalous equatorward moisture flux associated with the weakening trend of the NAST would enhance the warming over its upstream region and hinder the warming over its downstream region via modulation of the downward infrared radiation.
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Smith, W. L., D. K. Zhou, A. M. Larar, S. A. Mango, H. B. Howell, R. O. Knuteson, H. E. Revercomb, and W. L. Smith. "The NPOESS Airborne Sounding Testbed Interferometer—Remotely Sensed Surface and Atmospheric Conditions during CLAMS." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3384.1.
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Abstract During the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS), the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I), flying aboard the high-altitude Proteus aircraft, observed the spatial distribution of infrared radiance across the 650–2700 cm−1 (3.7–15.4 μm) spectral region with a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1. NAST-I scans cross track with a moderate spatial resolution (a linear ground resolution equal to 13% of the aircraft altitude at nadir). The broad spectral coverage and high spectral resolution of this instrument provides abundant information about the surface and three-dimensional state of the atmosphere. In this paper, the NAST-I measurements and geophysical product retrieval methodology employed for CLAMS are described. Example results of surface properties and atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and carbon monoxide distributions are provided. The CLAMS NAST-I geophysical dataset is available for use by the scientific community.
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Reaves, Wendy Wick. "Thomas Nast and the President." American Art Journal 19, no. 1 (1987): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1594472.
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Zeller, T. "Endovaskuläre Therapie der Nierenarterienstenose (NAST)." Gefässchirurgie 20, no. 2 (April 2015): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00772-015-0004-y.
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Azanza, Rhodora. "44th ASM Message, NAST President." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 44, no. 2022 (December 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2453.
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On behalf of the members of the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines (NAST PHL), I am pleased to welcome you all to the 44th Annual Science Meeting (ASM) with the theme, “PAGTANAW 2050: Agham Tungo sa Mabuting Kinabukasan (FORESIGHT 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future)”. It is with great honor and pleasure to have Dr. John L. Anderson, president of the US National Academy of Engineering, to be our keynote speaker for this year’s ASM. His talk entitled, “Engineering for Inevitable Surprises: A Systems Perspective” aims to guide us on how we can create a robust system that can withstand black swans. We are also pleased to have Dr. Joy Jacqueline Pereira, vice chair of Working Group II on Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Dr. Reniel B. Cabral, member of the Expert Panel of UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, who will deliver talks on two topics that are prominent in PAGTANAW 2050. As a yearly tradition, the Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) serves as a venue for the science community to convene, discuss, and formulate policies on important S&T issues that our country is facing. This year, we highlighted the first guiding document on science, technology, and innovation entitled, “PAGTANAW 2050: The Philippine Foresight on Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI),” this document provides vital inputs and policy advice towards attaining a preferred future considering our natural endowments and national aspirations. With PAGTANAW 2050 as the primary focus, Regional Scientific Meetings (RSMs) were conducted with the DOST Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao regional clusters to address the gaps in STI talent development and retention. This initiative is important towards building a competitive, inclusive, and sustainable society that we can endow to the next generation. I thank all of our colleagues and partners in the science community, our distinguished National Scientists and Academicians of NAST PHL, officials of the Department of Science and Technology, dedicated public servants, academic professionals, students, researchers, community development workers, the media, and all stakeholders for attending this event. Maraming salamat. Mabuhay!
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Barenfanger, Joan, Cheryl Drake, and Gail Kacich. "Clinical and Financial Benefits of Rapid Bacterial Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1415-1418.1999.
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To assess the expected clinical and financial benefits of rapid reporting of microbiology results, we compared patients whose cultured samples were processed in the normal manner to patients whose samples were processed more rapidly due to a minor change in work flow. For the samples tested in the rapid-reporting time period, the vast majority of bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results were verified with the Vitek system on the same day that they were available. This time period was called rapid AST (RAST). For RAST, a technologist on the evening shift verified the data that became available during that shift. For the control time period, cultures were processed in the normal manner (normal AST [NAST]), which did not include evening-shift verification. For NAST, the results for approximately half of the cultures were verified on the first day that the result was available. The average turnaround time for the reporting of AST results was 39.2 h for RAST and 44.4 h for NAST (5.2 h faster for RAST [P = 0.001]). Subsequently, physicians were able to initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy sooner for patients whose samples were tested as part of RAST (P = 0.006). The mortality rates were 7.9 and 9.6% for patients whose samples were tested as part of RAST and NAST, respectively (P = 0.45). The average length of stay was 10.7 days per patient for RAST and 12.6 days for NAST, a difference of 2.0 days less for RAST (P = 0.006). The average variable cost was $4,927 per patient for RAST and $6,677 for NAST, a difference of $1,750 less per patient for RAST (P = 0.001). This results in over $4 million in savings in variable costs per year in our hospital.
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Cao, Jiaqian, Yongpeng Yao, Keqiang Fan, Gaoyi Tan, Wensheng Xiang, Xuekui Xia, Shanshan Li, Weishan Wang, and Lixin Zhang. "Harnessing a previously unidentified capability of bacterial allosteric transcription factors for sensing diverse small molecules in vitro." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4602.
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A plethora of bacterial allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have been identified to sense a variety of small molecules. Introduction of a novel aTF-based approach to sense diverse small molecules in vitro will signify a broad series of detection applications. Here, we found that aTFs could interact with their nicked DNA binding sites. Building from this new finding, we designed and implemented a novel aTF-based nicked DNA template–assisted signal transduction system (aTF-NAST) by using the competition between aTFs and T4 DNA ligase to bind to the nicked DNA. This aTF-NAST could reliably and modularly transduce the signal of small molecules recognized by aTFs to the ligated DNA signal, thus enabling the small molecules to be measured via various mature and robust DNA detection methods. Coupling this aTF-NAST with three DNA detection methods, we demonstrated nine novel biosensors for the detection of an antiseptic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a disease marker uric acid and an antibiotic tetracycline. These biosensors show impressive sensitivity and robustness in real-life analysis, highlighting the great potential of our aTF-NAST for biosensing applications.
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Singh, Ramesh Man. "Biobriquetting Experience of Nepal and Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43352.
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Animal dung briquettes are widely used in rural Nepal as they are cheap, easy to make and based on local materials. But their combustion and use, have negative impact on the health of women and children. Likewise, fuelwood is also still widely used for cooking and heating, causing adverse impact on forest conservation, environment and climate change. Search for alternatives to dung and fuelwood is a continuous process andfuel briquettes based on agro-forest waste is an attractive option. NAST, since its inception in 1982, has been continuously working in this area, introducing different technologies through many projects. It extended R&D and financial support to different individuals and industries working on biobriquetting. It was able to establish a biomass laboratory and Briquette Training Centre with workshop facilities to extend R&D and pedagogic support to university, college students and private sector. Many trainings were conducted under the Biovillage program and different projects. NAST even deputed its staff as JICA expert on biomass briquetting, brought teachers and engineers from Rwanda to be trained in NAST briquette training center. Many projects on briquetting were accomplished making NAST a credible institution in the area of biobriquetting
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Rizzardi, Nicola, Laura Pezzolesi, Chiara Samorì, Federica Senese, Chiara Zalambani, Walter Pitacco, Natalia Calonghi, Christian Bergamini, Cecilia Prata, and Romana Fato. "Natural Astaxanthin Is a Green Antioxidant Able to Counteract Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptotic Cell Death." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 15137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315137.
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Astaxanthin is a red orange xanthophyll carotenoid produced mainly by microalgae but which can also be chemically synthesized. As demonstrated by several studies, this lipophilic molecule is endowed with potent antioxidant properties and is able to modulate biological functions. Unlike synthetic astaxanthin, natural astaxanthin (NAst) is considered safe for human nutrition, and its production is considered eco-friendly. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin depends on its bioavailability, which, in turn, is related to its hydrophobicity. In this study, we analyzed the water-solubility of NAst and assessed its protective effect against oxidative stress by means of different approaches using a neuroblastoma cell model. Moreover, due to its highly lipophilic nature, astaxanthin is particularly protective against lipid peroxidation; therefore, the role of NAst in counteracting ferroptosis was investigated. This recently discovered process of programmed cell death is indeed characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and seems to be linked to the onset and development of oxidative-stress-related diseases. The promising results of this study, together with the “green sources” from which astaxanthin could derive, suggest a potential role for NAst in the prevention and co-treatment of chronic degenerative diseases by means of a sustainable approach.
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Jafferbhoy, Sadaf, Manoj Gowda S., Kirti Katherine Kabeer, Zatinahhayu Mohd-Isa, Seema Salehi-Bird, Sekhar Marla, Sankaran Narayanan, and Soni Soumian. "Role of MRI in predicting response to neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in breast cancer." Breast Disease 41, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bd-210023.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: MRI is generally performed to assess response to Neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To assess role of MRI in determining the probability of having residual disease in patients undergoing NAST. We also evaluated synchronous cancers diagnosed following MRI. METHODS: This is a retrospective study which included all patients who had pre-and post-NAST MRI between June 2014 and December 2019. Data on demographics, tumour characteristics and pathology were collected and analysed. Pre- and post-MRI probability were calculated and depicted on nomograms. RESULTS: The study included 205 patients. Overall pre-MRI probability of having residual disease was 55% (OR:1.2). The post-MRI probability was 78% (95% CI 72–83%; OR:3.5) if MRI showed residual disease and 23% (95% CI 16–31%, OR:0.3) if imaging showed complete response. The absolute benefit was higher in TNBC and HR-HER2. Additional cancers were identified in 8.78% of patients. CONCLUSION: MRI is beneficial in evaluating response to NAST specifically in TNBC and HR-HER2 cancers. Pre- and post-MRI probabilities of residual disease depicted on nomograms are a useful tool for clinicians. MRI can potentially impact the treatment decisions by identification of synchronous cancers.
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Van de Casteele, Marlène. "La « lisibilité photographique » au Vogue américain (1940-1942)." Photographica, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54390/photographica.738.
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Cet article analyse les Condé Nast Papers – une série de documents de travail internes conservés dans les archives de Condé Nast à New York – afin de donner un contexte historique aux discussions sur les pratiques collaboratives dans la création d’images pour la presse de mode. Plusieurs de ces documents, placés au cœur de l’étude, évoquent le succès ou l’échec de couvertures du Vogue américain. En se focalisant sur la notion de « lisibilité photographique » qui – sous la férule du directeur de la publication, Condé Nast –, prévaut dans le magazine au début des années 1940, cette étude donne la parole aux différents acteurs (éditeur, directeur artistique, rédactrice en chef, photographes, rédactrices de mode) impliqués dans la production de photographies pour cette publication élitiste, tout en questionnant leur rapport de travail et la répartition des rôles au sein du titre de presse. Il s’agit aussi de démontrer que cette production est le résultat d’innovations techniques, de stratégies de publication, de négociations en coulisses et de prises de décision sous-tendant des relations de pouvoir.
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Ghimire, Basu Dev, Narayan Prasad Chapagain, Balaram Khadka, Gambhir Bidari, Karan Bhatta, and Aditya Singh Thapa. "GPS TEC Scintillations and TEC depletion as seen from Hetauda and NAST, Nepal for 2016." BIBECHANA 18, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v18i2.33405.
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We analyzed Global positing System Total Electron Content (GPS-TEC) data of stations Hetauda (27.414 0N and 85.051 0E) and NAST (27.656 0N and 85.327 0E), Nepal which are a part of UNAVCO.We obtained the variation of rate of TEC index (ROTI) and S4 index throughout the year 2016 for the two stations involved for the 32 all the Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) numbers barring PRN number 4 which was inactive throughout the year. We chooses two stations data which are almost 40 km in distance and correlated the value of ROTI index with ROTI index and S4 index with S4 index and found that the ROTI index of Hetauda is well correlated with ROTI index of NAST with the highest being 94% for PRN 10 and the lowest being -13% for PRN 1. An extremely low correlation between S4 index of Hetauda and S4 index of NAST was observed with the highest correlation being 8% in PRN 3, 32 and the lowest correlation of -15% in PRN 12.
BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 87-94
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Alentieva, T. V. "Thomas Nast: The Uncrowned King of Caricature." American Yearbook 2021, no. 2021 (2021): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/1010-5557-2021-2021-220-240.
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Solidum, Jr., Renato. "44th ASM Message, DOST Secretary." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 44, no. 2022 (December 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2430.
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On behalf of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), I would like to congratulate the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines (NAST PHL) for successfully organizing the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) with the theme “PAGTANAW 2050: Agham Tungo sa Mabuting Kinabukasan (FORESIGHT 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future)”. At the dawn of the new administration, we look back at the achievements of the past and plan for concrete strategies on how to fulfill the new administration’s agenda on industrialization, energy program, climate change adaptation program, agricultural and food security program, and other economic development agenda through science, technology, and innovation. As part of our initiatives, we at DOST, together with NAST PHL, aim for the realization of these goals by harnessing the products of scientific inquiry and technological advancement that hopefully would translate to inclusive economic growth and development for the sustainable future of our country. NAST PHL has been committed to fulfilling its duties of recognizing excellence in science and technology, engaging in projects and programs designed to promote scientific productivity, establishing scientific linkages, providing scientific advice to the President, the Cabinet, the Senate, and the House of Representatives, and promoting a strong science culture in Philippine society. These efforts are always appreciated with gratitude. We commend NAST PHL for connecting with the regional offices as well as our hardworking scientists for their noteworthy concerns through their scientific research and endeavors. It is our hope that through our combined efforts, we can create a better future through our service and dedication, and that our people will feel the benefits of science and technology and the sincerity of the government for our country and the Filipino people. Mabuhay tayong lahat!
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Gerber, Bernd, Andreas Schneeweiss, Volker Möbus, Michael Golatta, Hans Tesch, David Krug, Claus Hanusch, et al. "Pathological Response in the Breast and Axillary Lymph Nodes after Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment in Patients with Initially Node-Positive Breast Cancer Correlates with Disease Free Survival: An Exploratory Analysis of the GeparOcto Trial." Cancers 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030521.
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Background: The conversion of initially histologically confirmed axillary lymph node-positive (pN+) to ypN0 after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST) is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer (BC) patients and may influence surgical de-escalation strategies. We aimed to determine pCR rates in lymph nodes (pCR-LN), the breast (pCR-B), and both (tpCR) in women who present with pN+ BC, to assess predictors for response and the impact of pCR-LN, pCR-B, and tpCR on invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). Methods: Retrospective, exploratory analysis of 242 patients with pN+ at diagnosis from the multicentric, randomized GeparOcto trial. Results: Of 242 patients with initially pN+ disease, 134 (55.4%) had a pCR-LN, and 109 (45.0%) a pCR-B. Of the 109 pCR-B patients, 9 (8.3%) patients had involved LN, and 100 (41.3%) patients had tpCR. Those with involved LN still had a bad prognosis. As expected, pCR-B and intrinsic subtypes (TNBC and HER2+) were identified as independent predictors of pCR-LN. pCR-LN (ypN0; hazard ratio 0.42; 95%, CI 0.23–0.75; p = 0.0028 for iDFS) was the strongest independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: In initially pN+ patients undergoing NAST, the conversion to ypN0 is of high prognostic value. Surgical axillary staging after NAST is still essential in these patients to offer tailored treatment.
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Wang, Baomin, Leland S. Pierson, Christopher Rensing, Malkanthi K. Gunatilaka, and Christina Kennedy. "NasT-Mediated Antitermination Plays an Essential Role in the Regulation of the Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase Operon in Azotobacter vinelandii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 18 (July 6, 2012): 6558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01720-12.
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ABSTRACTAzotobacter vinelandiiis a well-studied model system for nitrogen fixation in bacteria. Regulation of nitrogen fixation inA. vinelandiiis independent of NtrB/NtrC, a conserved nitrogen regulatory system in proteobacteria. Previous work showed that anntrCmutation inA. vinelandiiresulted in a loss of induction of assimilatory nitrate and nitrite reductases encoded by thenasABoperon. In addition to NtrC, several other proteins, including NasT, a protein containing a potential RNA-binding domain ANTAR (AmiR andNasRtranscriptionantiterminationregulators), have been implicated innasABregulation. In this work, we characterize the sequence upstream ofnasAand identify several DNA sequence elements, including two potential NtrC binding sites and a putative intrinsic transcriptional terminator upstream ofnasAthat are potentially involved innasABregulation. Our analyses confirm that thenasABpromoter,PnasA, is under NtrC control. However, unlike NtrC-regulated promoters in enteric bacteria,PnasAshows high activity in the presence of ammonium; in addition, thePnasAactivity is altered in thenifAgene mutation background. We discuss the implication of these results on NtrC-mediated regulation inA. vinelandii. Our study provides direct evidence that induction ofnasABis regulated by NasT-mediated antitermination, which occurs within the leader region of the operon. The results also support the hypothesis that NasT binds the promoter proximal hairpin ofnasABfor its regulatory function, which contributes to the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ANTAR-containing antiterminators.
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Caballero, Antonio, Abraham Esteve-Núñez, Gerben J. Zylstra, and Juan L. Ramos. "Assimilation of Nitrogen from Nitrite and Trinitrotoluene in Pseudomonas putida JLR11." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.1.396-399.2005.
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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida JLR11 releases nitrogen from the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ring as nitrite or ammonium. These processes can occur simultaneously, as shown by the observation that a nasB mutant impaired in the reduction of nitrite to ammonium grew at a slower rate than the parental strain. Nitrogen from TNT is assimilated via the glutamine syntethase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway, as evidenced by the inability of GOGAT mutants to use TNT. This pathway is also used to assimilate ammonium from reduced nitrate and nitrite. Three mutants that had insertions in ntrC, nasT, and cnmA, which encode regulatory proteins, failed to grow on nitrite but grew on TNT, although slower than the wild type.
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Frost, L. "Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons." Journal of American History 100, no. 4 (March 1, 2014): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jau046.
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Voss, Frederick S. "Adalbert Volck: The South's Answer to Thomas Nast." Smithsonian Studies in American Art 2, no. 3 (October 1988): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/smitstudamerart.2.3.3108958.
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Voss, Frederick S. "Adalbert Volck: The South's Answer to Thomas Nast." American Art 2, no. 3 (January 1988): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/424066.
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Reimer, Toralf, Aenne Glass, Edoardo Botteri, Sibylle Loibl, and Oreste D. Gentilini. "Avoiding Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Breast Cancer: Rationale for the Prospective, Multicentric EUBREAST-01 Trial." Cancers 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 3698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123698.
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Currently, axillary surgery for breast cancer is considered only as staging procedure, since the risk of developing metastasis depends on the biological behavior of the primary. The postsurgical therapy should be considered on the basis of biologic tumor characteristics rather than nodal involvement. Improvements in systemic treatments for breast cancer have increased the rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST), offering the opportunity to de-escalate surgery in patients who have a pCR. European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST)-01 is a clinical trial in which only patients with the highest likelihood of having a pCR after NAST (triple-negative or HER2-positive breast cancer) will be included and type of surgery will be defined according to the response to NAST rather than on the classical T (for tumor size in the breast) and N (for axillary lymph node involvement) status. In the discussed trial, axillary surgery will be eliminated completely (no axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy) for initially clinical node-negative (cN0) patients with radiologic complete remission and a breast pCR in the lumpectomy specimen. The trial design is a multicenter single-arm study with a limited number of patients (n = 267), which might give practice-changing results in a short period of time, sparing the time and the costs of a randomized comparison.
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Zheng, Fei, Jianping Li, Yanjie Li, Sen Zhao, and Difei Deng. "Influence of the Summer NAO on the Spring-NAO-Based Predictability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 7 (July 2016): 1459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0199.1.
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AbstractThe dominant mode of atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic region is the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The boreal spring NAO may imprint its signal on contemporaneous sea surface temperature (SST), leading to a North Atlantic SST tripolar pattern (NAST). This pattern persists into the following summer and modulates the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Previous studies have shown that the summer NAST is caused mainly by the preceding spring NAO, whereas the contemporaneous summer NAO plays a secondary role. The results of this study illustrate that, even if the summer NAO plays a secondary role, it may also perturb summer SST anomalies caused by the spring NAO. There are two types of perturbation caused by the summer NAO. If the spring and summer NAO patterns have the same (opposite) polarities, the summer NAST tends to be enhanced (reduced) by the summer NAO, and the correlation between the spring NAO and EASM is usually stronger (weaker). In the former (latter) case, the spring-NAO-based prediction of the EASM tends to have better (limited) skill. These results indicate that it is important to consider the evolution of the NAO when forecasting the EASM, particular when there is a clear reversal in the polarity of the NAO, because it may impair the spring-NAO-based EASM prediction.
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Dayrit, Fabian. "44th ASM Message, ASM Steering Committee." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 44, no. 2022 (December 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2455.
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My warmest greetings to all our resource persons, partners, colleagues, guests, and participants of the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting! NAST PHL has chosen “PAGTANAW 2050: Agham Tungo sa Mabuting Kinabukasan; FORESIGHT 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future” as the theme of the 2022 Regional Scientific Meetings (RSMs) and its 44th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) in order to promote awareness of the STI community towards futures thinking and a sustainable blue and circular economy. Prior to the ASM, NAST PHL, in cooperation with the DOST Regional Offices, held the RSMs in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted for the DOST regional offices, SUCs and private HEIs, other government agencies, key private sectors, and NGOs to determine the status of STI talent development and retention and to discuss the STI priorities for the region. Regional Strategic Planning Sessions were also held to facilitate communication and coordination among the government agencies and representatives of the Regional Development Councils. The discussions also served as an initial groundwork for developing a regional strategic plan on STI talent development and retention. Proceedings from the discussions will be consolidated and presented at the 44th ASM. On behalf of NAST PHL, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the DOST, our partners, and stakeholders for their continuous support to the Academy.
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Gerber, Helmut, and Christianus Ludovicus Nast. "Rezension von: Nast, Christian, Eine italienische Reise 1792/93." Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte 77 (February 16, 2022): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/zwlg.v77i.1768.
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Paweł Augustyn Wajda and Beata Kozłowska-Chyła. "Publicznoprawne aspekty nabywania znacznych pakietów akcji krajowych zakładów ubezpieczeń." Forum Prawnicze, no. 5(61) (October 28, 2020): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32082/fp.v0i5(61).372.
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Niniejsza publikacja poświęcona będzie próbie rozwiązania problemów, które mogą zaistnieć - i w praktyce obrotu pojawiają się - w toku postępowań prowadzonych przez Komisję Nadzoru Finansowego, w sprawie wyrażenia przez ten organ administracji publicznej stanowiska w przedmiocie nabycia znacznego pakietu akcji krajowego zakładu ubezpieczeń (tj. w istocie analizie instytucji sprzeciwu Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego odnośnie do nabycia znacznego pakietu akcji krajowego zakładu ubezpieczeń, o której to instytucji jest mowa w art. 82-98 ustawy z dnia z dnia 15 września 2015 r. o działalności ubezpieczeniowej i reasekuracyjnej. Autorzy zdecydowali się na wybór takiego właśnie tematu kierując się tym, że w toku przeprowadzania transakcji nabycia znacznego pakietu akcji krajowych zakładów ubezpieczeń pojawiają się liczne problemy związane z rozbieżnościami występującymi pomiędzy rozwiązaniami funkcjonującymi na gruncie przepisów u.d.u.r. a praktyką postępowań administracyjnych. Ponadto należy stwierdzić, że jakkolwiek w treści publikacji autorzy odwołują się do krajowego zakładu ubezpieczeń, to analogiczne rozwiązania i rozważania mają również zastosowanie do krajowych zakładów reasekuracji. W pierwszej części zostanie także zaprezentowana szczegółowa charakterystyka instytucji zawiadomienia z art. 82 i nast. u.d.u.r. W kolejnej części artykułu zostanie zaś przedstawiona charakterystyka postępowania prowadzonego przez Komisję Nadzoru Finansowego w sprawie wyrażenia zgody/sprzeciwu odnośnie do nabycia znacznego pakietu akcji krajowego zakładu ubezpieczeń, jak również zostanie przedstawiona charakterystyka rozstrzygnięć, które mogą zostać wydane w takim postępowaniu oraz mechanizmów zabezpieczających realizację obowiązku z art. 82 i nast. u.d.u.r., jak wreszcie Autorzy sformułują ocenę instytucji z art. 82 i nast. u.d.u.r.
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K.C.L. "Parties Settle in HIV Claim under ADA." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 3 (1995): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500004459.
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On October 31, 1994, it was announced that a confidential settlement had been reached in Doe v. Kohn, Nast & Graf, P.C., et al. (No. 93-4510 (E.D. Pa. filed Aug. 19, 1993), 862F. Supp. 1310 (E.D. Pa. 1994)). The settlement in ths widely publicized AIDS discrimination case came three weeks after the trial began in the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (“Philadelphia Lawyer Settles AIDS Discrimination Claims Against Firm,” Daily Lab. Rep. (BNA), Nov. 2, 1994, at 10).Plaintiff Doe, an associate employed at Kohn, Nast & Graf, a prominent law firm in Philadelphia, filed an AIDS discrimination case under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) against his employer claiming that the firm fired him in March 1993 because he was HIV-positive. Doe's complaint also cited claims under ERISA and other Pennsylvania employment laws.
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Yam, Clinton, Gheath Alatrash, Er-Yen Yen, Haven Garber, Anne V. Philips, Lei Huo, Fei Yang, et al. "Immune phenotype and response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.509.
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509 Background: In TNBC patients (pts) receiving NAST, increasing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with higher pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. However, since the presence of TIL do not consistently predict pCR, the current study was undertaken to more fully characterize the immune cell response and its association with pCR. Methods: T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed on prospectively collected pre-NAST tumor samples from 98 pts with stage I-III TNBC enrolled in ARTEMIS (NCT: 02276443). TCR clonality was calculated using Shannon’s entropy. PD-L1+ was defined as ≥1% immune cell staining. Response to NAST was defined using the residual cancer burden (RCB) index. Associations between TCR clonality, immune phenotype, and response were examined with the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman’s rank correlation and multivariable logistic regression using stepwise elimination (threshold p > 0.2), as appropriate. Results: The pCR rate was 39% (38/98). pCR was associated with higher TCR clonality (median = 0.2 [in pts with pCR] vs 0.1 [in pts with residual disease], p = 0.05). Notably, the association between pCR and higher TCR clonality was observed in pts with ≥5% TIL (n = 61; p = 0.05) but not in pts with < 5% TIL (n = 37; p = 0.87). Among pts with ≥5% TIL, TCR clonality emerged as the only independent predictor of response in a multivariable model of tumor immune characteristics (odds ratio/0.1 increase in TCR clonality: 3.0, p = 0.021). PD-L1+ status was associated with higher TCR clonality (median = 0.2 [in PD-L1+] vs 0.1 [in PD-L1-], p = 0.004). Higher TCR clonality was associated with higher CD3+ (rho = 0.32, p = 0.0018) and CD3+CD8+ (rho = 0.33, p = 0.0013) infiltration but lower expression of PD-1 on CD3+ (rho = -0.24, p = 0.021) and CD3+CD8+ cells (rho = -0.21, p = 0.037). Conclusions: In TNBC, a more clonal T cell population is associated with an immunologically active microenvironment (higher CD3+ and CD3/8+ T cell; lower PD-1+CD3+ and PD-1+CD3/8+ T cell; PD-L1+) and favorable response to NAST, especially in pts with ≥5% TIL, suggesting a role for deep immune phenotyping in further refining the predictive value of TILs.
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Seng, Christelle. "Gournay-sur-Marne (Seine-Saint-Denis). 12 avenue Nast." Archéologie médiévale, no. 50 (December 30, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeomed.36216.
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Justice, Benjamin. "Thomas Nast and the Public School of the 1870s." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2005): 171–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00034.x.
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In the decade and a half after the Civil War, the American public school rose and fell as a central issue in national and state politics. After a relative calm on matters of education during and immediately after the War, the Republican Party and Catholic Church leaders in the late 1860s and early 1870s joined a bitter battle of words over the future of public education—who should control it, how should it be financed, and what should it teach about religion. These battles often reflected very different world views. Leading Protestant ministers and Republican politicians waved the threat of a rising antidemocratic “Catholic menace” as the new bloody shirt and championed their own educational ideal as a remedy—religiously neutral, ethnically and racially inclusive common schools. While Democrats tended to downplay school issues, Catholic Church leaders countered with their own screed: common schools were hardly common, embodying either inherently Protestant notions of religion or the atheism of no true religious creed at all. New York City became the epicenter of these cataclysmic debates, and the brilliant cartoonist Thomas Nast immortalized the Radical Republican side of the issue in the pages ofHarper's Weekly.
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Mutschler, W., and C. Krettek. "Nachruf zum Tod von Prof. Dr. Dieter Nast-Kolb." Der Unfallchirurg 118, no. 10 (September 16, 2015): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00113-015-0068-x.
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Zhou, Daniel K., William L. Smith, Jun Li, Hugh B. Howell, Greg W. Cantwell, Allen M. Larar, Robert O. Knuteson, David C. Tobin, Henry E. Revercomb, and Stephen A. Mango. "Thermodynamic product retrieval methodology and validation for NAST-I." Applied Optics 41, no. 33 (November 20, 2002): 6957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.006957.
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Koenig, Kylie, Stefan Hermanns, Jacqueline Ellerkmann, Katie Saralidze, Fabian Langensiepen, and Gunnar Seide. "The effect of additives and process parameters on the pilot-scale manufacturing of polylactic acid sub-microfibers by melt electrospinning." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 17-18 (February 9, 2020): 1948–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520904019.
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Sub-microfibers are polymer filaments less than 1 µm in diameter that can be fabricated into highly flexible materials with a large specific surface area. They are often produced by solvent or melt electrospinning. The former is a scalable process that produces thinner fibers but requires hazardous solvents, whereas the latter is more environmentally sustainable due to the absence of solvents but is more challenging to scale up. Here we investigated the manufacturing of biobased polylactic acid (PLA) sub-microfibers by melt electrospinning using a single-nozzle laboratory-scale device and a novel 600-nozzle pilot-scale device combined with conductive and viscosity-reducing additives: sodium stearate (NaSt), sodium chloride (NaCl) and a polyester-based plasticizer. We determined the effect of different additive concentrations on fiber diameter, thermal properties, polymer degradation, and fiber deposition. At the laboratory scale, the minimum average fiber diameter (16.44 µm) was accomplished by adding 2% (w/w) NaCl, but a stable spinning process was not achieved and the plasticizer did not reduce the melt viscosity. NaSt was the most effective additive in terms of adapting the material properties of PLA for melt electrospinning, but extensive polymer degradation occurred at higher temperatures and with higher concentrations of the additive. At the pilot-scale, the minimum average fiber diameter (3.77 µm) was achieved by adding 6% (w/w) NaSt, with a spinneret temperature of 195℃ and a spin pump speed of 0.5 rpm (0.16 cm3), without further improvements such as the integration of a heating chamber. The smallest single-fiber diameter (1.23 µm) was achieved under the same conditions but using a spin pump speed of 2 rpm. The scaled-up melt-electrospinning device therefore offers significant potential for the production of biobased sub-microfibers, bridging the gap between laboratory-scale and pilot-scale manufacturing.
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Elshafeey, Nabil, Ken-Pin Hwang, Beatriz Elena Adrada, Rosalind Pitpitan Candelaria, Medine Boge, Rania M. Mahmoud, Huiqin Chen, et al. "Abstract PD11-06: Radiomics model based on magnetic resonance image compilation (MagIC) as early predictor of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): PD11–06—PD11–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-pd11-06.
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Abstract Background and Purpose: There is currently lack of recognized imaging criteria for prediction of treatment response to NAST in breast cancer patients. And early identification of treatment response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients is important for appropriate treatment selection and response monitoring. A novel MRI sequence, Magnetic Resonance Image Compilation (MagIC) is capable of simultaneous quantitation of several tissue water properties including longitudinal (T1), transverse (T2) relaxation times, and proton density (PD). In this study we evaluated the ability of a radiomic model extracted from a novel MagIC sequence acquired early during NAST to predict pathologic complete response to NAST in TNBC. Materials and Methods: This IRB approved prospective ARTEMIS trial (NCT02276443) included 184 women (122 training dataset, 62 testing dataset) diagnosed with stage I-III TNBC. All patients were scanned with MagIC on a 3T MRI scanner at baseline (184 patients), and after 4 cycles (156 Patients) of NAST. T1, T2 and PD maps were generated from the source images using SyMRI (SyntheticMR, Linkoping, Sweden). Histopathology at surgery was used to determine pathologic complete response (pCR) which was defined as absence of the invasive cancer in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. 3D contouring of the tumors was performed using an in-house toolbox. 310 (10 first-order, 300 GLCM) textural features were extracted from each map, with total of 930 features/patient. Radiomic features were compared between pCR and non-pCR using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and Fisher’s exact test. To build a multivariate, predictive model, logistic regression with elastic net regularization was performed for texture feature selection. The tuning parameter was optimized using 5-fold cross-validation based on the average area under curve (AUC) of each fold of a cross-validation using training data. Then the testing data were used to compare model’s performance by AUC. Results: Univariate analysis found 23 PD, 17 T1 and 10 T2 radiomic features at C4 time point to be able to predict pCR status with AUC >70% in both training and testing cohort. The top performing radiomic features were Entropy, Variance, Homogeneity and Energy (Tables1-2). Multivariate radiomics models from C4-PD, and C4-T1 maps showed best performance during both cross validation and independent testing. The radiomic signature of C4-T1 map that included 27features had best performance, with an AUC of 0.77, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.571-0.868) in training and testing cohort respectively. C4-PD map radiomic signature that included 6features was able to predict the pCR status with AUC of 0.73, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.571-0.868) in training and testing cohort respectively. Conclusion: Our data found that MagIC-based radiomics signature could potentially predict pathologic complete response in TNBC early during NAST. This data shows the potential application of MagIC radiomic model for improvement of response assessment in TNBC. Table 1.Best performing radiomic features from PD map after 4 cycles of NAST in TNBC patients.FeatureTraining CohortTraining CohortTraining CohortTesting CohortTesting CohortTesting CohortNAUC95% CINAUC95% CIP-valuePD-mapAngular Variance of Sum entropy1060.73820.6437-0.8328500.73240.5895-0.8752<0.001Range of Sum entropy1060.73930.6446-0.834500.72120.5753-0.867<0.001Angular Variance of Sum entropy1060.75960.6662-0.853500.70190.5538-0.8501<0.001Average of Sum entropy1060.73470.6367-0.8327500.70990.5613-0.8585<0.001Angular Variance of Sum variance1060.70160.602-0.8011500.70190.5543-0.8495<0.001Range of Sum variance1060.70050.6001-0.8009500.700.5499-0.8476<0.001 Table 2.Best performing radiomic features from T1-T2 maps after 4 cycles of NAST in TNBC patients.FeatureTraining CohortTraining CohortTraining CohortTesting CohortTesting CohortTesting CohortNAUC95% CINAUC95% CIP-valueT1-mapAngular Variance of Sum entropy1060.76530.6762-0.8544500.70510.5524-0.8579<0.001Range of Sum entropy1060.76530.6759-0.8547500.70350.5503-0.8567<0.001Average of Entropy1060.75250.6568-0.8482500.71630.572-0.8607<0.001Average of Sum entropy1060.750.6552-0.8448500.70190.555-0.8488<0.001Angular Variance of Energy1060.7450.6493-0.8407500.73080.59-0.8715<0.001Range of Energy1060.74290.6466-0.8392500.72920.5885-0.8699<0.001Average of Energy1060.74110.6438-0.8384500.7260.5852-0.8667<0.001Average of Entropy1060.73360.635-0.8322500.74040.602-0.8787<0.001Average of Maximum probability1060.70760.6054-0.8098500.71630.5704-0.8623<0.001Range of Maximum probability1060.70550.6018-0.8092500.75640.6195-0.8933<0.001T2-mapAngular Variance of Energy1060.74820.6531-0.8433500.70990.5644-0.8555<0.001Range of Energy1060.7450.6495-0.8405500.70350.5569-0.8501<0.001Average of Entropy1060.74070.6416-0.8399500.72920.585-0.8733<0.001Average of Sum entropy1060.73860.6405-0.8367500.72440.5797-0.869<0.001Average of Energy1060.73180.6309-0.8327500.72120.5743-0.86<0.001Angular Variance of Sum entropy1060.7290.631-0.827500.72760.5857-0.8695<0.001Range of Sum entropy1060.72760.6295-0.8257500.72280.5796-0.8659<0.001Average of Information measure of correlation 11060.71580.6147-0.8169500.70990.5638-0.8561<0.001Average of Entropy1060.700.5903-0.8028500.74360.6014-0.8858<0.001 Citation Format: Nabil Elshafeey, Ken-Pin Hwang, Beatriz Elena Adrada, Rosalind Pitpitan Candelaria, Medine Boge, Rania M Mahmoud, Huiqin Chen, Jia Sun, Wei Yang, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Benjamin C Musall, Jong Bum Son, Gary J Whitman, Jessica Leung, Huong Le-Petross, Lumarie Santiago, Deanna Lynn Lane, Marion Elizabeth Scoggins, David Allen Spak, Mary Saber Guirguis, Miral Mahesh Patel, Frances Perez, Abeer H Abdelhafez, Jason B White, Lei Huo, Elizabeth Ravenberg, Wei Peng, Alastair Thompson, Senthil Damodaran, Debu Tripathy, Stacey L Moulder, Clinton Yam, Mark David Pagel, Jingfei Ma, Gaiane Margishvili Rauch. Radiomics model based on magnetic resonance image compilation (MagIC) as early predictor of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD11-06.
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Adhikari, Mahesh Kumar. "Euphorbia hirta L. a new host record of Oidium species from Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43359.
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Euphorbia hirta L. which was found parasitized by the Oidium species (imperfect stage of Erysiphales), on the leaves, is considered as a new host record for the fungus. It was collected in the promises of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Nepal. The description of the fungus and distribution is provided here with.
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Beyer-Enke, S., M. Seegenschmiedt, E. Krönert, and E. Zeitler. "Kontrastmittel-Clearance als Maß der Nierenfunktion bei Patienten mit Nierenarterienstenosen (NAST)." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 155, no. 07 (July 1991): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1033212.
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Zhou, Daniel K., Allen M. Larar, Xu Liu, William L. Smith, Jonathan P. Taylor, Stuart M. Newman, Glen W. Sachse, and Stephen A. Mango. "NAST-I tropospheric CO retrieval validation during INTEX-NA and EAQUATE." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 133, S3 (December 6, 2007): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.130.
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Larar, A. M., W. L. Smith, D. K. Zhou, X. Liu, H. Revercomb, J. P. Taylor, S. M. Newman, and P. Schlüssel. "IASI spectral radiance performance validation: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2009): 10193–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-10193-2009.
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Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.
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Larar, A. M., W. L. Smith, D. K. Zhou, X. Liu, H. Revercomb, J. P. Taylor, S. M. Newman, and P. Schlüssel. "IASI spectral radiance validation inter-comparisons: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2010): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-411-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.
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Baird Jarman. "The Graphic Art of Thomas Nast: Politics and Propriety in Postbellum Publishing." American Periodicals: A Journal of History, Criticism, and Bibliography 20, no. 2 (2010): 156–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/amp.2010.0007.
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Jarman, Baird. "Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons by Fiona Deans Halloran." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 112, no. 2 (2014): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/khs.2014.0083.
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