Academic literature on the topic 'Nathan Hale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Hilmer, Jeffrey D. "Just Like Nathan Hale?" New Political Science 30, no. 2 (May 16, 2008): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393140802063317.
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Spisak, April. "One Trick Pony by Nathan Hale." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 70, no. 6 (2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2017.0107.
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Cray, Robert E. "The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution." New England Quarterly 90, no. 4 (December 2017): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00648.
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Miller, Ken. "Virginia DeJohn Anderson. The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution." American Historical Review 123, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/123.2.576.
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Kettler, Andrew. "The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution by Virginia DeJohn Anderson." New York History 100, no. 3 (2020): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nyh.2020.0011.
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Coleman, Aaron N. "The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution by Virginia DeJohn Anderson." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 116, no. 3-4 (2018): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/khs.2018.0061.
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Cogliano, Frank. "The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution, by Virginia DeJohn Anderson." English Historical Review 134, no. 566 (December 4, 2018): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cey375.
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Zabin, Serena. "The Martyr and the Traitor: Nathan Hale, Moses Dunbar, and the American Revolution by Virginia DeJohn Anderson." Journal of the Early Republic 39, no. 4 (2019): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2019.0094.
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Gellner, Ernest. "The Rise and Crisis of Psychoanalysis in America: Freud and the Americans, 1917-1985. Nathan G. Hale." Isis 86, no. 4 (December 1995): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/357374.
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Anderson, Brianna. "Revolutionary paratext and critical pedagogy in Nathan Hale’s One Dead Spy." Studies in Comics 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00018_1.
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Autobiographical accounts of historical violence and trauma in comics form have gained widespread recognition as valuable pedagogical tools, particularly in the wake of Art Spiegelman’s groundbreaking Maus (1980–91). These comics often draw from the conventions of text-based autobiographies to provide first-person, non-fiction narratives of historical events, contributing to their perceived legitimacy as ‘serious’ texts worthy of inclusion in the classroom. However, this narrow focus on autobiographical comics as authentic windows to history has led educators to largely overlook the unique pedagogical possibilities offered by historical fiction comics, which can use both their fictionality and the comics medium to teach young readers to critically engage with history in different and deeper ways than traditional history textbooks and single-narrator autobiographical comics. This article remedies this gap by analysing how Nathan Hale’s middle-grade historical fiction comic One Dead Spy enacts a critical pedagogy approach to teach children to challenge hegemonic historical discourses and ways of thinking. The comic centres on the Revolutionary spy Nathan Hale (no relation to the comics creator) as he attempts to delay his hanging by narrating the American Revolution to his executioners. Nathan’s purportedly true account hinders children’s critical engagement with history by perpetuating dominant historical discourses, providing readers with a whitewashed, male-centric narrative of the Revolution. By contrast, the backmatter complicates Nathan’s one-sided representation of history by featuring a mini-comic narrated by the former slave Crispus Attucks and by attributing the comic’s non-fiction bibliography to fictional Research Babies. This blending of academic citational practices with absurd metafiction, as well as the introduction of marginalized counter-narrators, teaches middle-grade readers to question the authority of history writers and destabilizes all historical narratives as artificial constructs. However, the paratext also reinforces racist and sexist paradigms by displacing black and female voices to the comic’s supplemental endpapers, underwriting the comic’s well-intentioned attempts to educate readers about important voices excluded from white-centric narratives. Thus, while One Dead Spy demonstrates how historical fiction comics can provoke much-needed discussions about the inherent biases and erasures of dominant historical discourses, it also reveals the dangers of relegating opportunities for children to learn about marginalized perspectives in history to the literal margins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Guzzetta, Giorgio. "British modernism in Italy : nation and narration in the first half of the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403471.
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Karle, Joseph Bernard. "No Half Measures Power Vacuums and Military Occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99309.
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This project analyzes the relationship between military occupations and power vacuums. Specifically, it seeks to understand why some military occupations result in power vacuums while others do not. Pundits and policymakers have written extensively about the possibilities that the end of US occupations might yield dangerous power vacuums. These vacuums would create regional turmoil by inviting hostile actors and causing state failure. Based on these assumptions, many commentators caution against the withdrawal of forces.
But what exactly is fearful about a power vacuum remains unclear. The concept of a power vacuum lacks defined parameters and scope, and why military occupations might lead to power vacuums is unknown. Much of the current analysis derives from familiar and recent cases of occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan. David Edelstein has the most comprehensive work on military occupations, but his work does not directly address the outcome of power vacuums. This project uses a mix multimethod research design to examine which factors cause power vacuums to emerge following occupations. It uses a comprehensive dataset of occupations since 1943. It will begin with a medium-n QCA and then proceed with case studies. The ultimate goal is to identify the conditions likely to lead to power vacuums and develop policy recommendations about how to avoid them.
This project theorizes that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. Shortened, this project calls this theory total destruction equals total buy-in. High levels of economic destruction inflicted by the occupier pacify the occupied population, while simultaneously delegitimizing the occupied state's previous regime. High economic destruction, which is defined as the decline of a state's per-capita GDP and overall population, is not the sole factor in preventing a power vacuum. Combinations of other conditions help influence the advent or absence of a power vacuum, but economic destruction inflicted by the occupier is the only condition that must be present in order to prevent a power vacuum.Doctor of Philosophy
This project examines how, when, and why power vacuums emerge at the end of military occupations. Power vacuums evoke fear from pundits and policymakers, as hostile actors can exploit power vacuums to sow instability. Yet there remains no clear definition of what constitutes a power vacuums or substantive research on their etiology and impact. Policy discussions typically look to recent US experience in Iraq and Afghanistan to evaluate how the end of military engagement and occupation can create power vacuums. Thus risk of a power vacuum is often cited as justification to prolong military operations. To rectify this, this project will complete a replication and extension using David Edelstein's seminal dataset on military occupations. The dataset includes well-known cases such as the Allied occupations of Western Germany and Japan and lesser-known occupations like the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia. Using a combination of within-case process tracing and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the project seeks to elucidate what combination of conditions generate power vacuums following military occupations. The theory this project argues is that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. The crux of this theory is that occupiers that engage in protracted conflict, inflicting widespread damage on a state before occupying it, are more likely to prevent a power vacuum from occurring. This widespread damage creates "breathing space" for the occupier to establish indigenous security forces (ISF) and a friendly government without having to worry about nationalist resistance from the occupied population.
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Koeries, Noélle. "Woman as enemy of the nation-state: citizenship, transgression and legacy in Maps and Half of a Yellow Sun." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26900.
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This thesis brings to the fore two non-focalising characters, Misra of Maps by Nuruddin Farah and Kainene of Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. These transgressive characters are placed at the centre of their respective narratives. The aim is to demonstrate the way they transgress conventional political, social, national and gendered boundaries. This transgression creates the space for an alternative citizenship to emerge. The type of citizenship that is multi-faceted and embraces the complexity and nuances of contested borders. These transgressions are read as legacy especially because neither Misra nor Kainene bring to fruition the potentialities and possibilities of their subversive natures. However, both novels present alternatives that reach beyond the closing of the narratives. Ultimately, this thesis questions the purpose of writing transgressive woman characters out of the official narrative.
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Iveson, Mandie. "What the women have to say : women's perspectives on language, identity and nation in Catalonia." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/What-the-women-have-to-say(f3f31854-9737-427a-aab9-d058024163fe).html.
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The social and political history of Catalonia has long been dominated by debates about language, nation and identity and forty years of linguistic and cultural repression have impacted the sociocultural landscape of the region. The new millennium and new nationalist/gendered identities in the context of changing patterns of migration, growing multiculturalism and economic crisis have led to a resurgence of nationalism and renewed demands for Catalan independence since 2010. Adopting oral history as a central method, this thesis examines language, nation and identity from a gendered perspective and investigates to what extent women use Catalan in their everyday social practices to construct gendered and national identities. The focus of the study is three female 'generations' from one Catalan village. It covers 50 years of historical change from the 1960s to the present. The thesis explores women’s contribution to the preservation of Catalan language during Franco's regime (1939-75); how the emergence of a feminist movement and discourse, and changing patterns of migration, have transformed the relationship between gender and national identity in Catalonia; and the role that Catalan plays today in defining women's (individual) identities and as a nation-building tool. Previous research has not considered an intergenerational approach and this study addresses this gap. Drawing on theories of nationalism, gender and nation and language ideologies, I adopt a new analytical approach incorporating discourse analysis and small story research to examine the narratives of 40 oral history interviews and a corpus of social media data. In order to organise the diverse themes in my data I develop a spatial framework in which I identify three principal spaces: physical, ideological and temporal. Mainstream and political discourse exemplify the Catalan nation as civic, intercultural and tolerant. This study challenges these canonical beliefs. The findings reveal ethnolinguistic ideologies and a complex divergence/convergence of issues surrounding migration that are difficult to reconcile with official discourse. Specifically the findings provide insights into some of the issues of inclusion and exclusion that are absent in political and nationalist discourse and suggests that an increased understanding of cultural pluralism at a local level can be abstracted to the Catalan community as a whole.
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Kenniff, Thomas-Bernard. "Assembly: A Revaluation of Public Space in Toronto." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/939.
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This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.
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Dewel, Serge. "ADDIS ABÄBA (Éthiopie) 1886-1966. Construction d'une nouvelle capitale pour une ancienne nation souveraine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF021/document.
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Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, l’Éthiopie luttait farouchement pour conserver son indépendance, tout en agrandissant considérablement son territoire. Une région de montagnes et de prairies, jusqu’alors aux marges méridionales de l’espace national, se retrouva au centre du pays défini par de nouvelles frontières. C’est là qu’est née Addis Abäba vers 1886, d’abord simple "kätäma" (camp royal) et base logistique pour les conquêtes militaires, avant de devenir un « carrefour du monde ».L’objectif de cette thèse est une mise en lumière du rôle moteur, exercé par la volonté de reconnaissance de la souveraineté nationale, dans le processus particulier de fondation et de pérennisation de la capitale éthiopienne, ainsi que dans son développement au cours du XXe siècle. Les grandes phases de croissance d’Addis Abäba ne peuvent être comprises qu’à l’aune du contexte international, alors que la souveraineté et l’indépendance éthiopiennes étaient menacées. Dans ces moments particuliers, le pouvoir a mis la ville en scène, en la développant et en la dotant d’un patrimoine architectural et monumental. Pour cela, il puisa dans le temps long de l’histoire éthiopienne, dans l’attachement à la chrétienté éthiopienne — la religion "Täwahǝdo" — et dans le mythe national du "Kǝbrä Nägäst". Les règnes et régimes successifs ont adopté une même rhétorique urbaine et bâtisseuse, jusqu’au XXIe siècleWhile fiercely struggling for its independence during the second half of the 19th century, Ethiopia extended considerably its territory. A region of meadows and mountains, at the southern march, became the centre of the country in its new borders. There, in 1886, what was first founded as a garrison camp for its strategic position became Addis Abäba, soon the new capital at the crossroads of the world.This thesis aims to highlight the part played by the national sovereignty and its recognition in the particular process of the Ethiopian capital foundation and its perpetuation, as well as its development during the 20th century. The main growing phases of Addis Abäba might only be understood in terms of its international context whilst Ethiopian sovereignty and independence were jeopardized. During those particular times, the rulers used Addis Abäba as a stage for its performance, expanding the city and provided it with architectural and monumental heritage. For this, they drew in the country’s long-time history, in the strong commitment to the Ethiopian Christianity – the "Täwahǝdo" – and into the "Kǝbrä Nägäst" the national myth. The successive systems and reigns until the 21st century have adopted the same urban and building response
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Elder, Catriona, and catriona elder@arts usyd edu au. "Dreams and nightmares of a 'White Australia' : the discourse of assimilation in selected works of fiction from the 1950s and 1960s." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 1999. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050714.143939.
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This thesis is an analysis of the production of assimilation discourse, in
terms of Aboriginal people’s and white people’s social relations, in a small
selection of popular fiction texts from the 1950s and 1960s. I situate these
novels in the broader context of assimilation by also undertaking a
reading of three official texts from a slightly earlier period. These texts
together produce the ambivalent white Australian story of assimilation.
They illuminate some of the key sites of anxiety in assimilation discourses:
inter-racial sexual relationships, the white family, and children and young
adults of mixed heritage and land ownership. The crux of my argument is
that in the 1950s and early 1960s the dominant cultural imagining of
Australia was as a white nation. In white discourses of assimilation to
fulfil the dream of whiteness, the Aboriginal people – the not-white – had
to be included in or eliminated from this imagined white community.
Fictional stories of assimilation were a key site for the representation of
this process, that is, they produced discourses of ‘assimilation
colonization’. The focus for this process were Aboriginal people of mixed
ancestry, who came to be represented as ‘the half-caste’ in assimilation
discourse. The novels I analyse work as ‘conduct books’. They aim to
shape white reactions to the inclusion of Aboriginal people, in particular
the half-caste, into ‘white Australia’. This inclusion, assimilation, was an
ambivalent project – both pleasurable and unsettling – pleasurable
because it worked to legitimate white colonization (Aboriginal presence as
erased) and unsettling because it challenged the idea of a pure ‘white
Australia’.
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Boudreaux, Lon Jr. "The Mississippi River Delta Basin and Why We are Failing to Save its Wetlands." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/564.
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Every thousand years or so, when the Mississippi River's sediment load lengthened and blocked the River’s route to the Gulf of Mexico, the mother stream changed course completely, finding a shorter route to the sea. Then, it built a new delta, thus spreading the gift of land creation along a wide coastline and creating the bayou region of Louisiana. However, this ancient, natural process was gradually halted by the arrival of man who settled across the River's natural floodplain (delta) and constructed levees and other structures to control the great Mississippi River. Since the 1930s, the Mississippi River Delta Basin and the coast of Louisiana have been literally losing ground. The decline of this environment is now affecting, and will continue to affect, our nation's economy, infrastructure, culture, and safety. Moreover, efforts to fix this problem are not working. My research and this thesis will address the issue of how plans without action have appeased Louisianans while the nation looses vital wetlands daily.
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Nair, Sudheshna. "Unlocking the potential of the Durban city hall precinct : an urban design/town planning response for a post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5132.
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Public space is a fundamental component of the urban condition. Throughout the history of settlement planning, its inclusion has represented the role and identity of the citizen in society. By definition, it encapsulates concepts of freedom, justice and social inclusion. The apartheid spatial experience however, has woven persistent spatial distortions into the urban landscape. Public space was imbued with apartheid ideology, promoting sinister nationalist agendas whilst defining spatial experience by race. It is the premise of this paper that South African public space must be re‐conceptualized in order to embody the aspirations of a new democracy and to maintain its relevance in a post‐apartheid landscape.
The Durban City Hall Precinct should represent the symbolic heart of the city. The City Hall and its primary public square, Francis Farewell Square, should capture both the city’s history and the direction of its developmental potential. As the most central and prominent public space, its re‐conceptualisation has the capacity to re‐inspire civic identity and turn the tide of a thirty year decline of the inner city.
The process used to achieve such aspirations requires an approach broader than a single built environment discipline. Contemporary approaches to complex urban challenges call for greater integration between disciplines, in particular, the fields of town planning, urban design and architecture. The modernist paradigm has seen the divergence of interests and agendas between built environment disciplines at the ultimate expense of place making and identity. As cities grow, we are faced with the expanding monotony of an urban landscape which surrenders the upliftment of the human spirit for infrastructural demand.
This study serves to highlight the potential of the City Hall Precinct and the process and depth of approach required to inform relevant public space. The study explores integrative approaches to planning challenges and the role of design in the redevelopment of public space in city centres. Using the City Hall precinct as a case study, the study pursues this holistic approach as a replicable methodology which should underpin the development of all public space initiatives.Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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Kherad, Nastaran 1964. "Re-examining the works of Ahmad Mahmud : a fictional depiction of the Iranian nation in the second half of the 20th century." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21577.
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In this dissertation, I examine the work of an important yet insufficiently studied Iranian novelist and short-story writer, Ahmad Mahmud. Because of his early affiliation with leftist socialist groups, Mahmud's work has been subject to various, sometimes contradictory, interpretations by critics. Such readings of Mahmud's work have resulted in making him a controversial literary figure. Hence, this project aims to re-examine the critics' current viewpoint of Mahmud's works, which they regard as "ideologically driven" and "Marxist and/or political writing." Although Mahmud's ideology played a significant role in creating his stories, particularly in his early works, I argue that storytelling is the predominant concern for Mahmud. In fact, a large portion of his writing depicts his own life and his own development as a person and a writer. Mahmud's portrayal of the main protagonist of his stories, Khaled, who goes through various stages of transformation, indeed reflects his own evolution and development. In other words, I contend that Mahmud's literary output is essentially "autobiographical." In addition, I argue that Mahmud's autobiographical fiction helps to shape and articulate his emerging role as a novelist as he strives to record decades of turbulent social and political upheaval and change in the post-1950s era, as the Iranian nation undergoes various stages of transformation and growth in search of a new identity and political autonomy. With an analysis of a select number of Mahmud's novels, furthermore, I discuss the social and historical nature of this transformation of the author/protagonist/nation and argue that from early on Mahmud was determined to depict the linear socio-political movement that took place in the modern history of Iran in the character of his memorable hero, Khaled, who appears in various guises and matures both as a person and a social entity from one novel to the next.text
Books on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Koestler-Grack, Rachel A. Nathan Hale: Courageous spy. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2006.
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ill, Martin Cynthia 1961, and Schoonover Brent ill, eds. Nathan Hale: Revolutionary spy. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2006.
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Tracy, Kathleen. The life and times of Nathan Hale. Hockessin, Del: Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2007.
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Nathan Hale: Hero of the American Revolution. New York: Rosen Central Primary Source, 2004.
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Nathan Hale: Héroe de la guerra de independencia. New York: Editorial Buenas Letras/Rosen Pub. Group, 2004.
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Krizner, L. J. Nathan Hale: Patriot and martyr of the American Revolution. New York: PowerPlus Books, 2002.
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Nathan Hale: The life and death of America's first spy. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Bearce, Stephanie. "Nathan Hale." In Top Secret Files, 20–23. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003239178-8.
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Munoriyarwa, Allen. "There ain't no rainbow in the ‘rainbow nation’." In Hate Speech and Polarization in Participatory Society, 67–82. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109891-7.
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Solkin, David H. "The Other Half of the Landscape: Thomas Heaphy’s Watercolour Nasties." In Land, Nation and Culture, 1740–1840, 63–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502048_4.
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Stewart, Marie Avellino, and George Cassar. "10. Branding a Nation-state after Half a Century of Independence: The Case of Malta." In Commercial Nationalism and Tourism, edited by Leanne White, 138–48. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845415907-012.
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"Nathan Hale:." In One Life to Give, 173–92. Fortress Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1khdpcz.12.
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"A Necessary Purpose." In Nathan Hale, 134–44. University Press of New England, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9kq3.17.
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"Free from the Shadow of Guile." In Nathan Hale, 63–70. University Press of New England, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9kq3.11.
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"Without Ceremony." In Nathan Hale, 184–89. University Press of New England, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9kq3.22.
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"Swing the Rebel Off." In Nathan Hale, 190–93. University Press of New England, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9kq3.23.
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Lucas, Beverly. "FOREWORD." In Nathan Hale, ix—xiv. University Press of New England, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9kq3.3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Konduru, Venkateswara Raju, and Manjula R. Bharamagoudra. "Challenges and solutions of interoperability on IoT: How far have we come in resolving the IoT interoperability issues." In 2017 International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smarttechcon.2017.8358436.
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Weckmann, U., A. Jung, T. Branch, K. Tietze, and O. Ritter. "Electrical conductivity anomalies in the Namaqua Natal Mobile Belt and the Beattie magnetic anomaly: Do they have a common source?" In 10th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.146.6.5.
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Gahlot, Vibha, and Ranjit Kumar. "Nation wide urgent need for colposcopy services: Cancer hospital based study." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685263.
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The cancer cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. About 86% of the cases occur in developing countries and this is responsible for 88% of total deaths. In India 132,000 new cases are diagnosed each year with this disease and 74,000 deaths are recorded annually which accounts for the 1/3rd of the global deaths from cervical cancer. This hospital based study is designed to look at the distribution of the disease in patients coming to the Mahavir Cancer Sansthan with the aim to achieve an early diagnosis and treatment and recognition of disease in its preinvasive state for better outcome and quality of life. The patient registry data in Mahavir Cancer Sansthan showed that the total number of patients from all cancer were 20,746 in year 2013-2014. The cervical cancer constituted 14% of the patients. 50% of the patients belong to the six district of Bihar which falls in Gangetic plain. 700 case notes have been reviewed for clinical staging at the time of the diagnosis. 71% of the patients were in stage 2b at the time of first clinical presentation, 24% in stage 3% and 4% were in stage 4. Only 1% patients were found in stage1. The colposcopy clinic data suggest only 0.04% patients have approached to us at preinvasive stage. We conclude from this study that although this hospital is mainly a referral cancer hospital 99% patient have reported to the hospital at stage 2b and beyond. Given the natural History of cervical cancer this is only the tip of iceberg. A robust system for colposcopy services needed to diagnose this disease at its preinvasive and micro invasive stage to reduce the morbidity and mortality and improvement in the quality of the life of the patients.
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Schultz, Tobias C., Ryan L. Shelby, and Alice M. Agogino. "Co-Design of Energy-Efficient Housing With the Pinoleville-Pomo Nation." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90190.
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The Pinoleville-Pomo Nation of northern California is seeking to implement sustainable technologies and best practices that will increase their self sufficiency and meet their housing, energy, and water conservation needs. Since 2008, the Tribe has worked with UC Berkeley on sustainable community projects, including the design of a prototype “roundhouse” design, to be constructed in 2010 in Ukiah, California. Using an energy-efficient architecture and an analysis tool for selection of the engineered systems (the Native American Energy Analysis Tool, or NAEPA), the new homes are predicted to emit less than 50% of the carbon emissions over their lifetime, and have lower lifetime energy expenditures. The design methodology, energy analyses and life cycle assessment used by NAEPA will be discussed. Extensions to community-based housing energy plans and an optimization will also be discussed.
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Adnani, Ikram. "Political change and the crisis of the nation state in the Arab world." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp26-33.
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The Political Change” is one of the concepts which are rooted in the Arab Intellectual Farbric.Recently, it was related to The National State crisis in the Arabic World,especially it had various manifestations such as the weaknesses of the Institutes and the Organs of the the State and its deficit to assert its authority in the all the State( Syria, Lybia, Somalia), its tripping to the State building and conscrate its legimitacy (Egypt) as well as cristallizing a common identity in order to attract higher Loyalty (Liban). The situation in the Arab world, after years of movement, threatens the existence of certain States and also the regimes that have led them to achieve this deteriorating situation, as well as the future of a democratic and unitary State in the context of the current political violence. This study therefore attempts to approach the national state crisis in the Arab world by using anumber of sociological data and some concepts of political anthropology to understand the political and social changes that have affected the Arab world, assuming that the Arab State is experiencing a real crisis and that various political changes, primarily democratic mobility, have not been possible. ""The Arab Spring"" from being transferred to the status of the modern State, the State of institutions based on full citizenship and the guarantee of rights and freedoms. The national State is supposed to be a neutral State, and it must not belong to a particular organ or to the control of a specific party. It is a State for all citizens with different religious, racial and ethnic views. Any change in this equation would be a prelude to an internal explosion among the various components of society, particularly by the most affected groups.
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Rodriguez, Leo, and Henri Sinson. "Longest Simple Span Steel Plate Girder Bridges in Florida – I-75 over SR 50 Twin Bridges." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0131.
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<p>Throughout the nation, solutions to accommodate increased traffic and limited right-of-way have required innovative interchange configurations. These interchanges have posed many challenges in the development of structural solutions. This paper discusses the structural and construction solutions for the replacement of the I-75 bridges over SR 50 with new steel bridges to satisfy the geometry of a new Single Point Urban Interchange (SPUI) in Florida.</p>
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Ngo Thi, Thanh Quy, and Hong Minh Nguyen Thi. "Vietnamese Proverbs From a Cultural Perspective." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-6.
Full textAbstract:
Proverbs are important data depicting the traditional culture of each nation. Vietnamese proverbs, dated thousands of years ago, are an immense valuable treasure of experience which the Vietnamese people desire to pass to the younger generations. This paper aims to explore the unique and diversified world of intelligence and spirits of the Vietnamese through a condensed and special literary genre, as well as a traditional value of the nation (Nguyen Xuan Kinh 2013, Tran Ngoc Them 1996, Le Chi Que and Ngo Thi Thanh Quy 2014). Through an interdisciplinary approach, from an anthropological point of view, approaching proverbs we will open up a vast treasure of knowledge and culture of all Vietnamese generations. The study has examined over 16,000 Vietnamese proverbs and analysed three groups expressing Vietnamese people’s behaviors toward nature, society and their selves, and compared them with English and Japanese proverbs. The research has attempted to explore the beauty of Vietnamese language, cultural values and the souls and personalities of Vietnam. Approaching Vietnamese proverbs under the interdisciplinary perspective of language, culture and literature is a new research direction in the field of Social Sciences and Humanity in Vietnam. From these viewpoints, it is seen that proverbs have remarkably contributed to the language and culture of Vietnam as well as and constructed to the practice of language use in everyday life which is imaginary, meaningful and effective in communication. Furthermore, the study seeks to inspire the Vietnamese youth’s pride in national identity and to encourage their preservation and promotion for traditional values of the nation in the context of integration and globalisation. In the meantime, it would be favourable to introduce and market the beauty of Vietnamese language, culture and people to the world, encouraging the speakers of other languages to study, explore and understand Vietnam.
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SLIME, Soulef. "TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-5.
Full textAbstract:
International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.
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Bora, Bhaskor J., and Ujjwal K. Saha. "On the Attainment of Optimum Injection Timing of Pilot Fuel in a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Run on Biogas." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20162.
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The race among the different nations to attain supremacy has given rise to twin crisis: depletion of fossil fuel reserves and degradation of environment. Every nation wants to increase the per capita income by producing more power. In order to achieve this feat, each nation has to burn huge amounts of fossil fuels causing an increase in the emission of greenhouse gases. In this regard, renewable energy can be a panacea to the above mentioned problems. Biogas, one form of biomass energy, has an immense potential as a renewable fuel. This biogas can be used successfully in diesel engines for the generation of power. However, in order to achieve an optimum efficiency, the operating parameters of the biogas run dual fuel engine have to be standardized. In such an engine, injection timing of the pilot fuel is one of the important operational parameters that greatly affects the engine performance. In view of this, in the present paper, an attempt has been made to standardize the injection timing of pilot fuel a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine on the basis of its performance and emission characteristics of. Experimental investigation demonstrates an improvement in efficiency and a reduction in emissions at the injection timing of 29° before top dead centre.
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Sjolander, S. A., and H. I. H. Saravanamuttoo. "Gas Turbine and Turbomachinery Education at Carleton University." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-16.
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Although a relatively small industrial nation, Canada has a very well developed gas turbine industry with both an original design and manufacturing capability and a large industrial user base. Research and teaching at Carleton University has focused on the needs of the Canadian industry over many years. Particular strengths have been established in the areas of experimental aerodynamics for turbomachinery and the use of mathematical modelling for engine performance investigations. Strong links are maintained with both manufacturers and users, and the well-trained engineers produced by the program readily find employment in the industry.
Reports on the topic "Nathan Hale"
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Boesten, Jan. Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/boesten.2021.33.
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This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.
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Afsaruddin, Asma. NEGOTIATING VIRTUE AND REALPOLITIK IN ISLAMIC GOOD GOVERNANCE. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.002.20.
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These words of John Lewis represent a scathing criticism of the contemporary failures of the United States, the oldest and possibly most vibrant democratic nation-state in the world. The words also express a deep disappointment that the principles of equality and justice enshrined in the US constitution have been honored more in the breach when they pertain to African-Americans, many of whose ancestors arrived on these shores long before those of their Euro-American compatriots.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, Elvira Armas, and Natividad Robles. Bilingual Teacher Residency Programs in California: Considerations for Development and Expansion. Loyola Marymount University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.7.
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Public interest, research and policies about dual language education and the multiple benefits of bilingualism and biliteracy have led to shortages of bilingual education teachers in the state and nation. School districts and educator preparation programs are actively looking for pathways of bilingual teacher preparation to meet local demands for more dual language programs. Modeled after medical residencies, teacher residencies are deeply rooted in clinical training, typically placing residents in classrooms with experienced teachers in high-needs schools where they are supported in their development. Teacher residencies allow for the recruitment of teachers, offer strong clinical preparation, connect new teachers to mentors and provide financial incentives to retain teachers in the school/district of residency. Little is known however, about bilingual teacher residencies in the state. Following a review of various data sources, researchers find that, to date, there are few bilingual teacher residencies offered and that there is a need to expand and study bilingual teacher residencies as one of the most viable pathways to respond to this shortage.
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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Johnathan Simm, Michael Beck, Georganna Collins, Quirijn Lodder, and Ram Mohan. International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41946.
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To deliver infrastructure that sustain our communities, economy, and environment, we must innovate, modernize, and even revolutionize our approach to infrastructure development. Change takes courage, but as one starts down the path of innovation, what was once novel becomes more familiar, more established. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is walking this path with our partners through the Engineering With Nature (EWN) Initiative, integrating human engineering with natural systems. The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management are the next step toward revolutionary infrastructure development—a set of real-world guidelines to help familiarize us with what was once novel. USACE and collaborators around the world have been building, learning, and documenting the best practices for constructing Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for decades. The consolidation of these lessons into a single guidance document gives decision-makers and practitioners a much-needed resource to pursue, consider, and apply NNBF for flood risk management while expanding value through infrastructure. Relationships and partnerships are vital ingredients for innovation and progress. The NNBF Guidelines was achieved because of the strong relationships in the nature-based engineering community. The magnitude and diversity of contributors to the NNBF Guidelines have resulted in a robust resource that provides value beyond a single agency, sector, or nation. Similarly, the work of incorporating NNBF into projects will require us to strengthen our relationships across organizations, mandates, and missions to achieve resilient communities. I hope you are inspired by the collaborative achievement of the NNBF Guidelines and will draw from this resource to develop innovative solutions to current and future flood risk management challenges. There is a lot we can achieve together along the path of revolutionary infrastructure development.
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Wills, Gabrielle, Janeli Kotzé, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. A Sector Hanging in the Balance: Early Childhood Development and Lockdown in South Africa. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/055.
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New evidence suggests that over four months after the closure of early childhood development (ECD) programmes on 18 March 2020, the ECD sector was likely to be operating at less than a quarter of its pre-lockdown levels. Of the 38 percent of respondents from the new NIDS-CRAM survey reporting that children aged 0-6 in their households had attended ECD programmes before the lockdown in March, only 12 percent indicated that children had returned to these programmes by mid-July, well after programmes were allowed to reopen. Using these findings, we estimate that just 13 percent of children aged 0-6 were attending ECD programmes by mid-July to mid-August compared to 47 percent in 2018. The last time that ECD attendance rates were as low as this was in the early 2000s. At this point it is not yet clear what proportion of these declines are only temporary, or whether there will be a lasting impact on ECD enrolment in the country. This dramatic contraction in the ECD sector relates to prohibitive costs to reopening ‘safely’ imposed by the regulatory environment, coupled with shocks to the demand side for ECD programmes (both in terms of reduced household incomes and parent fears of children contracting COVID-19). When viewed from a broader socio-economic lens, the threat of ECD programme closures across the nation will have impacts beyond ECD operators to the lives of millions of children, millions of households and millions of adults who rely on these ECD services. A swift intervention by government is necessary to save this important sector and limit the ripple effect of programme closures on multiple layers of society.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.
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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.
Full textAbstract:
The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.
Full textAbstract:
The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Child marriage briefing: Zambia. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1005.
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This brief provides an overview of child marriage as well as the particulars of child marriage in Zambia. This landlocked southern African nation is home to 10.9 million people, with 47 percent of its population under age 15. Zambia is one of the poorest countries in the world; nearly two out of three Zambians live on less than US$1 a day. The country’s economic growth was hindered by declining copper prices and a prolonged drought in the 1980s and 1990s. More recently, the AIDS epidemic has taken a devastating toll: 920,000 adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS, and 630,000 children have been orphaned because of the disease. Child marriage is widespread in Zambia, even though the legal age of marriage is 21 for both males and females. Customary law and practice discriminate against girls and women with respect to inheritance, property, and divorce rights. Domestic violence is a serious problem, with over half of married girls reporting ever experiencing physical violence and more than a third reporting abuse in the past year. Included in this brief are recommendations to promote later, chosen, and legal marriage.