Journal articles: 'Nāths – Afghanistan – Nangarhar (Afghanistan ; province)'

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MASUNAGA, Tsugiyuki, Akira KAMIDOHZONO, Abdul Waris NEZAM, and Sayed Azmar SADAT. "Paddy Soil Properties in Nangarhar Province, East Afghanistan." Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ 48, no. 3 (2014): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.6090/jarq.48.299.

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Walter, Ben. "The securitization of development and humans' insecurity in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan." Global Change, Peace & Security 28, no. 3 (2016): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2016.1197896.

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Sharma, Rajiv, Qudratullah Soofizada, Mohammad Hashim Azmatyar, and Elias Mohmand. "Three New Maize Hybrids for Afghanistan." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 6 (2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p349.

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Afghanistan grows maize in about 0.15 m ha with an annual production hovering around 300,000 tonnes. The country does not have any officially released commercial maize hybrid and relies only on open pollinated varieties for cultivating maize. The countries in region enjoy much higher productivity levels ranging from 3.5 to 5.00 tonnes per ha compared to 2.2 tonnes per ha of Afghanistan. Several maize hybrids were introduced from CIMMYT to test them for adaptation and yielding ability in Afghanistan for the purpose of releasing them in the country. The three public sector maize hybrids described in this communication were tested at several locations viz., Nangarhar province, Kabul, Baghlan and Helmand in Afghanistan during 2012 to 2014 crop seasons. The hybrids/inbreds bred by CIMMYT were tested against the currently grown open pollinated (OP) varieties and they yielded on an average 31 to 38% higher than the currently popular open pollinated maize varieties. The hybrids were released for commercial cultivation in 2014.

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Noormel, Mohammad Zubair. "THE ANALYSIS OF MARBLE INDUSTRY IN AFGHANISTAN, CASE STUDY OF NANGARHAR PROVINCE." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 05 (2019): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i05.012.

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Lamuwal, Abd-El-Malek, and Adam Baker. "Southeastern Pashayi." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43, no. 2 (2013): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100313000133.

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This illustration focuses on the variety of Pashayi (also, Pashai) spoken in the Dara-i-Nur valley of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan (approximately, N 34.682 E 70.581); the ISO 639-3 code for this variety is psi. According to Lewis (2009) there are 54,400 speakers of this variety, and about 216,000 speakers of all Pashayi dialects. The most comprehensive published study of Pashayi to date is Morgernstierne's two-volume grammar (Morgenstierne 1973, 1944), which is helpfully summarized in Bashir (2003).

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Gulab, Gulbuddin, Saidajan Attiq Abdiani, Kifayatullah Kakar, and Shafiqullah Aryan. "Effects of urea foliar application on growth and yield of green pepper." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 2, no. 2 (2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v2i2.16.

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Vegetable crops require nutrients in various quantities for growth, development, and reproduction. Plants nutrients might be naturally available from soil or/ and atmosphere. However, modern cultivation needs artificial supplementation of nutrients. Green pepper is an important vegetable crop in several countries including Afghanistan. Irregular rates and methods of fertilizers application in green pepper production caused its yield to decrease. A study was conducted at the experimental farm of agriculture faculty; Nangarhar University in 2017 with traditional method (control), 1%, 2% and 3% of urea foliar application treatments under the randomized complete block design, this study aimed to investigate and point out the best fertilizer application rate and method for green pepper production in Afghanistan, especially Nangarhar province. The control treatment increased plant height, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit yield and consequently net income compared to other treatments. However, 3% treatment had negligible differences with control; although 1% and 2% treatments got third and fourth positions, respectively. In 3% treatment, the urea was efficiently utilized with lower urea losses compared to the control treatment. Further researches should undertake to find out the proper application rates and methods for other chemical fertilizers.

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Tahir, Muhammad, Akira Imai, Ryohei Takahashi, and Shujiro Yano. "Ore Genesis and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate-Hosted Talc Deposits in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan." Resource Geology 68, no. 4 (2018): 352–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rge.12174.

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Yousufzai, Ataullah, Hamidullah Waizy, Abdul Bari Qanit, and Qismat Yousufzai. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of talc deposits in the Khogyani district of the Nangarhar province, Afghanistan." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 5, no. 7 (2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2020.v05.i07.027.

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Samadi, Assadullah, Najibullah Faizi, Ahmad Jan Abi, Abdul Razaq Irshad, and Nabil Hailat. "Prevalence and pathological features of ovine lungworm infection in slaughtered animals in Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan." Comparative Clinical Pathology 28, no. 6 (2019): 1667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-02996-x.

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Ahmady, Huma. "Study on Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and Associated Risk Factors in Nangarhar." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 5, no. 3 (2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.583.

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Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that represents an actual public health problem. Nangarhar is a tropical region in southern of Afghanistan, due to importance of abortions by Toxoplasmosis and absence of study evidences in this field in Nangarhar province, this cross sectional hospital based research was accomplished. Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and possible risk factors associated with the infection among the women who have abortion in Nangarhar province. Methodology: Designed questionnaire for obtaining history of abortion and interviewing with aborted patients were use, the convenient sampling method as well using Latex agglutination Lab Test (LAT) a total of 100 serum samples of miscarriage women from Nangarhar different districts were collected and tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. All collected data were analysed using ANOVA. SPSS Program.Findings: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in mentioned women was 47% (47/100 cases). From 47 positive cases 17 (34%) was in women resident in Urban areas and 30 (60%) was those resident in Rustic areas. The prevalence rate showed there was significant differences between women resident in Rustic and those in urban areas. The people who are living in rustic area (30%) were more exposed to infection than those who were living in urban area (17%) (P < 0.015). Higher prevalence was observed in 25-30 years old group than the others (P <0.05). The result showed that Contact with raw or uncooked meet, water and soil, contaminated food and animals were significant (P <0.05).

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Ahmady, Huma. "Study on Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and Associated Risk Factors in Nangarhar." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 5, no. 3 (2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.583.

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Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that represents an actual public health problem. Nangarhar is a tropical region in southern of Afghanistan, due to importance of abortions by Toxoplasmosis and absence of study evidences in this field in Nangarhar province, this cross sectional hospital based research was accomplished. Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and possible risk factors associated with the infection among the women who have abortion in Nangarhar province. Methodology: Designed questionnaire for obtaining history of abortion and interviewing with aborted patients were use, the convenient sampling method as well using Latex agglutination Lab Test (LAT) a total of 100 serum samples of miscarriage women from Nangarhar different districts were collected and tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. All collected data were analysed using ANOVA. SPSS Program.Findings: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in mentioned women was 47% (47/100 cases). From 47 positive cases 17 (34%) was in women resident in Urban areas and 30 (60%) was those resident in Rustic areas. The prevalence rate showed there was significant differences between women resident in Rustic and those in urban areas. The people who are living in rustic area (30%) were more exposed to infection than those who were living in urban area (17%) (P < 0.015). Higher prevalence was observed in 25-30 years old group than the others (P <0.05). The result showed that Contact with raw or uncooked meet, water and soil, contaminated food and animals were significant (P <0.05).

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Totakhiel, Najibullah. "GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION: THE CASE OF EASTERN & SOUTH-EASTERN REGIONS OF AFGHANISTAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 6 (2020): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.487.

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This research aims to find the size of the gender gap in education in the ten provinces of the Eastern Region (ER) and the South-Eastern Region (SER) of Afghanistan. Based on the World Economic Forum (WEF) approach to the gender gap, the study measures the educational gender gap index (EGGI) at both the regional and provincial level. The study found that the regional EGGI is 0.30. This means that 70% of the gender gap remains. The EGGI in the ER is 0.35, while in the SER it is 0.25, which means that 65% and 75% of the gender gap remains in the ER and the SER respectively. Thus, the gap is smaller in the ER than in the SER. At the provincial level, the best performing province is Nangarhar, where 42% of the gap has been closed. The worst performing province is Wardak, where only 15% of the gap has been closed. Of the six sub-indexes of the EGGI which were calculated from the primary data, the largest gender disparity is in the enrolment in tertiary level education, which has a gap of 69%. The second largest gap is 55% for the number of male and female schools. Both middle school enrolment and teacher gender ratio have similar sized gaps of 53%. The gaps for enrolment in primary education and secondary education are lower, at 30% and 43% respectively. The gap between the male and female student-teacher ratios is 73.6%. Furthermore, there is a 67.7% gap in literacy rate between males and females across the country.

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Finetto, G. A. "CHILLING ACCUMULATION DURING THREE YEARS IN A SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE PROVINCE (NANGARHAR) OF AFGHANISTAN WITH REFERENCE TO TEMPERATE FRUIT TREES GROWING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1059 (December 2014): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1059.12.

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Muneeb, Ataullah, and Ali Ahmad. "Awareness of Employee Compensation and its Effect on Employee Motivation." International Journal of Management Excellence 14, no. 3 (2020): 2114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v14i3.1144.

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Motivation of the employees plays an essential role to help an organization achieve effectively the objectives in terms of productivity and commitment of its employees. Considering the importance of employees’ motivation, we conducted a research in Nangarhar province of Afghanistan to find whether employees are really affected by the compensation. In other words, what factors can influence the motivation of employees within a company? The data for the study is randomly obtained from 350 employees of distinct private and public organizations through five-likert scale adopted questionnaire. To obtain consistent study results, the ordinary least square an econometric assessment method was used. The results show that rewards have positive and statistically significant impacts on the motivation of employees. Our findings also show that the impact on employee motivation is positive on financial and non-financial benefits. This means that organizations provide their employees with both financial and non-financial benefits, thus strengthening employee motivation. However, the findings also indicate that intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and job satisfaction have a considerable influence on employee motivation. Therefore, we strongly recommend both private and public organizations to motivate their employees through compensations.

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Rehman, S., J. Ahmad, C. Lanzoni, C. Rubies Autonell, and C. Ratti. "First Report of Citrus tristeza virus in National Germplasm of Citrus in Afghanistan." Plant Disease 96, no. 2 (2012): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-11-0647.

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Rejuvenation of the horticulture industry is a government priority in Afghanistan. With that purpose, European Commission-supported programs specifically focus on greater access to improved and appropriate planting materials to increase the quantity and quality of more competitive horticultural products. Establishment of a biotechnology laboratory was considered essential support to horticulture sector development. This laboratory has begun screening the health status of the Afghan Germplasm National Collection to ensure multiplication of not only the best selected varieties or ecotypes but also to avoid reproduction and distribution of virus-infected fruit trees. Symptom inspection and sample collection for viral diseases was carried out in the citrus orchard during survey activity at the National Collection Experimental Farm in Jalalabad (Nangarhar Province). Ninety-nine variety plots (one row of five plants) were inspected visually and samples from two plants for each plot were collected and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. Plants showing vein flecking, yellowing, and plant decline symptoms were observed in several plots. Four accessions were found to be infected by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV): kumquat cv. Margarita (isolates J4 and J8), orange cv. Mahali (J61), mandarin group cv. Fruter (J76), and rough lemon cv. Mahali (J101). Identified isolates have been characterized molecularly. A 655-nt fragment, corresponding to the major coat protein gene, has been amplified from all ELISA-positive samples by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CTVF (5′-TAATGGACGACGAACAAAGA-3′) and CTVR (5′-CCAAGCTGCCTGACATTAGT-3′) primers. Sequence analysis revealed high similarity, ranging from 91.1 to 99.8%, within CTV isolates detected in Jalalabad. In accordance with the phylogenetic groups previously defined (page 8 in: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists, 2002), nucleotide sequences of Afghan CTV isolates investigated in the current work cluster in Group 1 (J4 and J8), Group 4 (J61 and J76), and Group 5 (J101). In particular, J4 and J8 isolates show, respectively, identity of 99.4 and 99.2% with reference isolate T36 (GenBank Accession No. M76485) from the United States (Florida). Moreover, in Group 4, isolate J61 and J76 were more similar to ANO-1 isolate (GenBank Accession No. DQ211658) from Egypt (identity of 98.5 and 98.0%, respectively) than to isolate 443-4 (GenBank Accession No. AY791844) from Croatia (97.4 and 97.5%, respectively). Finally, isolate J101 in Group 5, shows identity of 95.6% with isolates C268-2 (GenBank Accession No. AY750770) and C269-6 (GenBank Accession No. AY750775) from Argentina. To our knowledge, our results identified for the first time CTV-infected plants in Afghanistan. The presence of CTV in four accessions of the national citrus collection is of concern for Afghan horticulture. Implementation of the certification schemes is therefore necessary to guarantee the production and the employment of virus-free propagating material.

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Wafeq, Manizha, Omar Al Serhan, Kimberley Catherine Gleason, S. W. S. B. Dasanayaka, Roudaina Houjeir, and Mohamad Al Sakka. "Marketing management and optimism of Afghan female entrepreneurs." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 11, no. 3 (2019): 436–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-02-2018-0020.

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Purpose For the present generation of entrepreneurs, the operating environment in Afghanistan has been among the most tenuous in the world. Numerous regime changes, civil unrest and war have created tremendous uncertainty, making civilian business planning difficult. These challenges incrementally impact female entrepreneurs. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between one aspect of entrepreneurial psychological capital – optimism regarding enterprise success of Afghan female entrepreneurs – and aspects of the marketing function. Design/methodology/approach Primary data collection was used for this study. A total of 248 women business owners were surveyed via telephone from five provinces of Afghanistan. Over half (133) of respondents were from the Afghan capital, Kabul. A total of 49 respondents were obtained from Herat, 44 from Mazar, 12 from Nangarhar and ten were obtained from Kandahar. Findings We find that a focus on marketing positively and significantly impacts reported optimism by female Afghan entrepreneurs, as do marketing planning efforts. However, self-reliance and orientation toward the outside world do not impact the perceived success of the entrepreneurial venture. Research limitations/implications Like other empirical studies, this research has its own limitation. First, we would have liked a larger sample size, but date collection in a war-torn country and from female business women in a male-dominated society is proofed very challenging task. Also, some cities had less representation due to security concerns especially Kandahar province. Practical implications Our results have significant relevance for economic development policymakers, non-governmental organizations and entrepreneurs throughout the developing world. What drives the psychological capital of these entrepreneurs under these extreme conditions should be of interest not only from the perspective of the entrepreneurship literature, but also for policymakers who are often uninformed regarding on the ground conditions under which individuals in the environment function. Social implications It is our hope that our results inform those in a position of power so that they support the development of human capital of Afghan women who are or who seek to be entrepreneurs. We also hope to raise questions for other researchers related to the importance of human capital investment and the business functions for entrepreneurs in other less developed, conflict-prone environments with low mean educational levels. Originality/value This paper is the first to use proprietary, hand collected survey data from Afghani female entrepreneurs to collect, analyze and draw conclusions and recommendations from a sample of 248 women-owned businesses regarding the relationship between the marketing function and one aspect of psychological capital – perceived optimism – in five Afghan cities.

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Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam. "Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in Jalalabad City, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan." Central Asian Journal of Global Health 4, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cajgh.2015.134.

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Background: Hypertension affects an estimated one billion people, worldwide. It is a public health challenge characterized by increased morbidity, mortality, as well as cost to the community and health systems. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension and characterize associated risk factors in an urban setting in Afghanistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults aged 25-65 years was conducted in Jalalabad city from May to June 2013 using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS). A multistage technique was used to enroll 1,200 participants in the study. Demographic and socio-economic variables were collected via individual interviews using the WHO STEPS survey, after which blood samples were collected using a locally developed standard operating procedure (SOP). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to explore the association between hypertension and associated factors.Results: A total of 1,180 adults (40% males, 60% females) of 25-65 years of age were surveyed. The response rate was 98.5 % and the prevalence of hypertension was 28.4. Independent risk factors of hypertension were found to be: age ≥ 50 (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.50 – 4.76); sex (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38 – 0.88); obesity (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.49 – 2.94); and diabetes (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10 – 2.79). Independent protective factors were physically demanding occupations (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36 – 0.85); physical activity itself (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.47 – 0.99) and consuming more vegetables (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38 – 0.93).Conclusion: This urban setting in Afghanistan evidenced a high prevalence of hypertension; age, obesity, and diabetes were identified as risk factors and physical activity and consuming more vegetables were protective. These findings have implications for future public health intervention and clinical efforts.

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Wajid, Abdul, Mamoona Chaudhry, Hamad Bin Rashid, Shakera Sadiq Gill, and Sayed Rafiullah Halim. "Outbreak investigation of foot and mouth disease in Nangarhar province of war-torn Afghanistan, 2014." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70489-x.

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Osmani, Arash, Ian Duncan Robertson, Ihab Habib, and Ahmad Arash Aslami. "History and epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Afghanistan: a retrospective study." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2119-y.

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Abstract Background Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Afghanistan with serotypes O, A and Asia 1 being prevalent. A retrospective study of data collected through passive surveillance of outbreaks of FMD in Afghanistan from 1995 to 2016 was undertaken to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of FMD in the country. Results A total of 4171 outbreaks were reported between 1995 and 2008 with a strong correlation between the number of outbreaks and the number of provinces (r = 0.85, s = 68.2, p < 0.001); and between the number of outbreaks and the number of districts containing infected animals (r = 0.68, s = 147.8, p = 0.008). Of 7558 samples collected from livestock originating from 34 provinces in 2009, 2011 and 2013–2015, 54.1% were test positive (FMDV 3ABC-trapping ELISA) and the prevalence varied significantly between years (χ2 = 263.98, df = 4, P < 0.001). Clinically suspected cases were reported in 2016 with a substantial positive correlation (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) between the number of districts with cases and the number of reported cases. Serotype O was the predominant serotype detected during the study period, although serotypes A and Asia1 were also detected. Cattle were involved in all outbreaks in the study period and infections were detected in all years of the study in Hirat province in the north-west (bordering Iran), Nangarhar province in the east (bordering Pakistan) and Kabul province in the centre of the country. Conclusions The current paper was the first analysis of existing data focusing on the spatiotemporal distribution of FMD in Afghanistan. The findings from this study provide valuable direction for further research to understand the epidemiology of FMD and its control in Afghanistan.

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"Prevalence of visual impairment and related factors in Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Ophthalmology, December 18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2018.12.16.

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Momand, Alamzeb. "Impacts of Centralization on the Performance of Local Governance in Afghanistan; A Survey in Nangarhar Province." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3895589.

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MOSAWI, Sayed Hussain, Abdolhossein DALIMI, Najibullah SAFI, Fatemeh GHAFFARIFAR, and Javid SADRAEI. "Evaluation of Asymptomatic Malaria Status in Eastern of Afghanistan Using High Resolution Melting Analysis." Iranian Journal of Parasitology, June 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v15i2.3299.

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Background: Malaria is threatening more than half of Afghanistan population. Asymptomatic malaria is notable problem against malaria controlling strategies. In this study we evaluated the asymptomatic malaria status in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan in 2017. Methods: Overall, 296 finger blood samples were taken on DNA Banking Cards and microscopic slides from asymptomatic individuals in Jalalabad city. We used a novel post real time PCR high resolution melting analysis beside microscopy and semi-nested multiplex PCR to evaluate status of asymptomatic malaria in this city. Results: The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in Jalalabad city was determined 1.7% (5/296), 7.43% (22/296) and 7.78% (26/296) by microscopy, Seminested multiplex PCR and qRT-PCR-HRM, respectively. Out of 26 positive cases were detected by qRT-PCR-HRM, 21, 1 and 4 cases were detected P. falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Conclusion: Our data indicating on existence of significant number of asymptomatic reservoirs that assists in prolonged endemicity of the disease. On the other hand, the molecular methods are better alternatives for microscopy especially for monitoring of asymptomatic cases of malaria.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nāths – Afghanistan – Nangarhar (Afghanistan ; province)'

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