Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nation building process'

<p>North West University is a creation of one of many mergers between previous universities in South Africa. The process is partly thought to integrate previous advantaged and disadvantaged universities, often also previous white or black dominated universities.</p><p>Even though the merger of NWU has been perceived as successful by many, there are still problems and tensions between the campuses. This report will describe the integration process at NWU as well as handle people’s perceptions towards it and towards the changes brought by the merger. The study has been done through thematic open interviews by staff, management and students at two of the three campuses in the merger of NWU, Mafikeng and Potchefstroom. In our report we have found six clusters which we examine; responses to the merger, within and outside group, differences, history, social status, and within and outside process.</p><p>All through the report the traces from history and Apartheid are still visible in people’s minds and in the clashes between the groups. History also affects the social status of the groups, affects that today create problems for integration.</p><p>The merger was opposed by both parts, however inevitable. People from Mafikeng were found more critical to the merger, highlighting the different power relations between the campuses and fear of being swallowed by Potchefstroom. Potchefstroom in general did not see many changes and white people seem to be more worried about their individual future.</p><p>Once united as one university there is still a low grade of integration or interaction between the campuses and between the groups within them. There have been initiatives to enhance integration at an organizational level, this has though not affected the social level in a significant way. One reason to the lack of integration might be the domination of one culture group at each campus, at Potchefstroom Afrikaans, and at Mafikeng SeTswana. This domination has shown to hinder integration since minority groups either feel left out or have to assimilate to fit in. Differences between the groups also create misunderstandings and clashes in the integration process. However we have seen that the persons within the merger process tend to be more positive than the people outside of it. This might be due to increased interaction, better information and a possibility to affect the outcome that makes the people involved more positive then the ones not involved.</p>

“Comemorar efemérides” não é apenas uma expressão legítima utilizada para fazer referência à celebração de uma festa nacional. Desde o final do século XIX, ao menos em língua portuguesa, os dois termos têm sido associados como sinônimos. A presente tese representa um esforço em compreender o desenvolvimento de dois conceitos – comemorações e efemérides – na longa duração. Os encontros e desvios entre as práticas associadas a um e a outro serão pontuados através da seleção de episódios intelectuais, seguidos pelo exame de debates que os tocavam na periferia de suas articulações. Na primeira parte, dedicada às comemorações, montei uma revisão desse bem conhecido tópico de estudos endereçada a uma única hipótese, a saber: o “ofício” comemorativo pode ser entendido como uma forma de comunicação e transmissão geracional de valores. Inspirado pelas fontes, argumento que os eventuais pontos de encontro entre o par de objetos propostos nesta tese são análogos às interrelações entre a “ordem do tempo” e a “ordem da natureza”, entre o tempo dos homens e o movimento das estrelas. Neste drama conceitual, se pudermos assim chamá-lo, faríamos perceber como a superação dos antigos modelos cosmológicos não se esquivou em guardar, para assumir termo caro a Pomian, uma lógica cronosófica. Se eu for bem sucedido, esse argumento deverá se expressar na segunda parte. As efemérides, como tábuas do movimento dos corpos celestes, vieram sofrer uma lenta transição rumo ao registro dos feitos humanos. Bebendo em fontes antigas e nas práticas de emulação, personagens bem conhecidos da primeira modernidade associaram o termo primeiro aos diários pessoais, depois ao jornalismo e, nos séculos seguintes, à história literária, religiosa e política. Na França, as éphémérides emergem da revolução já como um subgênero historiográfico. No Brasil da segunda metade do século XIX, listas de efemérides encontram lugar comum junto às comemorações dentro dos debates do IHGB. É no horizonte do projeto de nação que busco observar a união dos paralelos. Esse horizonte – como um ponto de chegada – vai aparecer ao final de cada secção da tese, observado a partir da celebração do quadricentenário da descoberta de Cabral.<br>“Comemorar efemérides” is a Portuguese phrase that despite its academic ring, is often used in the mainstream press. It translates roughly as 'the commemoration of an auspicious occasion’ and is used in reference to the public marking of nationally significant events. By the end of the nineteenth century, the two terms of this phrase came to be synonymous in Portuguese. This thesis represents an effort to understand the development of these two terms – efemérides and comemorações – over the longue durée. The long-term similarities in the practical and public uses of these terms are explored by tracing their discursive deployments and examining the debates that surrounded such public uses. The first section, dedicated to commemorations, frames the analysis of this much discussed topic with the following hypothesis: the act of commemoration is a form of moral utterance between generations; it is the rehearsal and transmission of collective values. Drawing on historical sources, I argue that the eventual points of contact between these terms can be seen as analogs to the discursive exchange and conflict between the classical and peripatetic notions of the “order of time” and the “order of nature”. In this conceptual drama, one sees how the sublation of old cosmological perspectives nevertheless still contains what I shall call – following Pomian – a chronosophy. This analysis leads to the second part of the thesis. Efemérides, originally tables of the movements of the celestial bodies – also known as almanacs – underwent a slow transition from the celestial to the earthly, from the charting of the stars to the recording of human deeds. Drawing on classical texts, well-informed readers of early modernity would have associated those writings in the first instance with diaries, then with journalism and, in the following centuries, with political history. Emerging from the French Revolution as a historiographical subgenre, lists of Efemérides shared a common function with commemorations as nation-building practices that described the horizon of a project to create national identity. This horizon, as a meeting point of moral utterance and political project is explored at the end of both sections of the thesis, as it is observed in the quadricentenial celebration of Cabral’s Discovery of Brazil. It is at this horizon that the parallel developments of comemorações and efemérides promise to meet.

This dissertation examines the political regime during the single party rule in Turkey between the years of 1923-1950 in relation to the concept of tutelage. The main argument supported in this work is that tutelary tendencies, contrary to the assumptions of Kemalist historicization, do not serve as segue to democracy, but rather make consolidation of democracy difficult, even impossible. In support, this dissertation provides a close examination of the Kemalist nation building process beginning from the Ottoman modernization process extending to the demographic engineering projects of the Republic. The examination reveals that tutelary tendencies are a reflection of the savior mission undertaken by the elite during the Ottoman-Republican modernization process. The political elite, in their mission to save and build the nation, not only ignored the political and social fabric of the time, but they insisted on radical interventions to the demographic fabric of the society in order to transform it to the nation they envisioned. During the execution of the nation-building project increasingly more authoritarian measures were legitimized by declared target of democracy. The social resistance to the radical interventions was suppressed by more authoritarian measures that were perceived as the cost of achieving democracy. The elite perceived themselves uniquely fit for deciding what is in the best interest of the people. Whether the aim of democratization was reached or not was also decided by the tutelary elite. Not wanting to let go of the power, they continuously invented new prerequisites to democracy. This cycle resulted in the persistence of the authoritarian regime. In the final analysis, this dissertation reveals that the tutelary tendencies of the avant-garde elite are the biggest obstacle on the path to democracy.

Based on Christina Reid&rsquo<br>s five Plays &ldquo<br>Tea in a China Cup,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>Did You Hear the One About the Irishman &hellip<br>?,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>Joyriders,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>The Belle of the Belfast City,&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?&rdquo<br>the aim of this study is to put under discussion the idea that the sectarian conflict between the two ethno-religious communities in Northern Ireland is maintained deliberately and a national identity unique to the people in this country cannot be constructed at least in the near future. The Protestants in Northern Ireland cannot choose Irishness as a national identity because the Irishness has been monopolized by the Catholics, and cannot adopt the Britishness as a national identity because of the varieties in the social factors they have. Likewise, the Catholics in Northern Ireland do not call themselves British because their Catholicism involves an Irish identity with the rejection of the British rule, and they cannot truly entitle themselves Irish due to the differences in social conditions. However, both factions try to adhere themselves to a national identity through their communal ideology. The Protestants claim that they are part of Britain, while the Catholics claim that they are members of Irish Nation. This situation has led to reluctance in both communities to stop the conflictual circumstances which encourage both groups to tether to their traditions more intensely, to contribute to the otherization process reinforcing their social identity and lead them to impose their working ideology on their new members whose divergence from traditions will definitely pose a threat to their identity. Also, in this country the forgetting / remembering process, which is actually exploited to forge a national identity, is orchestrated by the two communities to enlarge the intercommunal chasm through the narration of the old stories and memories, creation of stories, commemoration activities and museumizing certain objects. Throughout the study the key points which will be highlighted are as follows: nation, national identity and nation building process, the sectarian conflict between the two communities in Northern Ireland, maintenance of conflictual situation and the employment of the forgetting / remembering process in Northern Ireland.

Ce travail de thèse étudie la patrimonialisation dans le contexte mauricien afin d’examiner les enjeux liés à la constitution de l’identité nationale dans un cadre institutionnel qui privilégie une logique communautaire. Le cadre mauricien voit différents groupes coexister et interagir dans la tolérance, le respect et la paix tout en distinguant diverses unités sociales en fonction de leurs origines géographiques, culturelles, religieuses et ethniques. L’Etat met en œuvre une politique culturelle basée sur la reconnaissance officielle des unités culturelles dont l’union formerait la représentation nationale mauricienne. Au sein de cette diversité, le patrimoine est devenu un instrument de marquage de la différence et un moyen de symboliser la contribution de chacun à la fondation de la nation arc-en-ciel dans l’espace national. Dans ce cadre mémoriel fragmenté, notre approche est d’examiner l’émergence et la constitution du patrimoine à l’île Maurice de l’époque coloniale (1721-1968) à l’époque contemporaine afin d’en étudier les processus de reconnaissance et les usages comme instrument de la construction nationale. En cela, mon travail considère que l’étude de la patrimonialisation constitue un champ d’investigation sur la manière dont le passé est utilisé dans le présent pour légitimer et positionner les identités. Dans cette perspective, cette étude considère que le patrimoine est un instrument qui nourrit l’adhésion collective nécessaire à l’établissement d’une entité nationale<br>This PhD thesis focuses on the heritage processes in the Mauritian context in order to examine the issues related to nation- building resulting from an institutional framework that recognizes communal identities. The Mauritian context comprises diverse groups coexisting and interacting in tolerance, respect and peace while distinguishing multiple communities based on their geographical, cultural, religious and ethnic origins. The state developed a cultural policy that officially recognizes the diverse cultural entities and considers that their combination would form the Mauritian national identity. Within this diversity, heritage is used to mark cultural differences and the contribution of each group to the foundation of the rainbow nation in the national space. In this fragmented memorial framework, our approach is to examine the emergence and the constitution of heritage in Mauritius from the colonial period (1721-1968) to nowadays in order to study the processes of recognition and the uses of heritage as an instrument for nation building. This study considers that heritage processes constitute a field of investigation on the way the past is used in the present to legitimate and position identities. In this perspective, this study considers that heritage is an instrument that supports collective adhesion required for the establishment of the national identity

En esta investigación indagamos acerca del modo en que las primeras estructuras de Estado fueron definidas en El Salvador entre 1780 y 1865. La entidad político-administrativa más pequeña del que fue el reino de Guatemala adquirió su independencia en 1821 junto a los territorios vecinos. Desde ese momento, con influencia de algunas dinámicas de corte colonial, las autoridades de los nuevos Estados siguieron la senda para conformar instituciones estatales de acuerdo a sus intereses particulares. La tesis fundamental es que tras la disolución del pacto colonial en Centroamérica en 1821, las primeras estructuras estatales de El Salvador tales como la Hacienda, la burocracia y las fuerzas armadas se fueron configurando a partir de los intereses político-económicos de un sector social vinculado a la producción y comercialización del añil hasta 1865. De este modo, la base económica del nuevo proyecto estatal republicano quedó asentada durante aproximadamente cuatro décadas en la región oriental del país. Con ello, el sector de los hacendados y comerciantes del añil ligados al mercado exterior a través del puerto de La Unión se convirtió en un grupo económica y políticamente dominante. En todo este recorrido se constata la importancia que tuvo en este proceso la guerra continua. A través de ésta se canalizaron y se interrelacionaron las tensiones y contradicciones político-económicas estatales y centroamericanas por la consecución y consolidación del poder central en los Estados de la región y en El Salvador en particular.<br>This investigation is about the definition of the first State structures in El Salvador between 1780 and 1865. This country, the smallest political-administrative entity of the former Kingdom of Guatemala, got its independence in 1821 just like the neighboring countries. Since that time, with some colonial influence, the authorities of the new States followed the path to conform State institutions according to their particular economic interests. The main thesis that proposed here is related with this process. In 1821, after the dissolution of the colonial pact in Central America, the first Salvadoran State structures such as the taxation, the bureaucracy and the armed forces were configured from the politic and economic interests of a social sector linked to the production and commercialization of Indigo until 1865. The economic base of the new Republican State was seated for about four decades in the Eastern region of the country. Thus, the sector of the landowners and merchants of Indigo linked to foreign markets through the port of La Union, became an economical and political dominant group. The state of continuous war is important to understand this formation of structures because the tensions and political and economic contradictions to get the central state power was channeled by the warlike atmosphere in the states of the region and in El Salvador in particular.

Sweden is currently experiencing major population growth, focused predominantly in and around its major cities. This has created an ongoing challenge for municipalities to ensure housing supply meets demand, in turn increasing the required rate of construction. Furthermore, new property prices are increasing which has led to lower and middle-income earners being pushed out of the market. The thesis examines the relationship between the sale price and unit construction price of new condominiums, and to what degree Swedish building regulations influence construction costs. The design of both new and re-developed housing is influenced by various Swedish laws, regulations and guidelines, where the Planning and Building Act and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning's Building Rules govern, which are all recognized nationally. According to the Planning and Building Act, it is not permitted for municipalities to set their own requirements. However, the results of the study show that developers experience different interpretations of these rules and regulations when working within different municipalities, or even between different case officers within the same municipality. This then results in projects being difficult to plan, resulting in higher costs. Sweden has, when compared to other European countries, high production costs, which according to the literature review is considered to have a direct connection to construction requirements and market competition. Additionally, the results show that the requirements make it difficult to produce and implement standard designs and construction methods. This has led to the construction industry finding it difficult to develop in regards to construction technology and from a cost perspective. Lack of predictability has driven costs up when it comes to accessibility, housing design and fire protection. Finally, the study shows that lower production costs can lead to greater competition by making it easier for more developers to establish themselves in the market. This would result in more homes being built at lower production costs, which motivates developers to invest in new projects. As the results indicate that production costs do not affect final prices – but rather the willingness of developers to invest – a greater supply of housing would push down final prices.<br>Befolkningen ökar ständigt i Sverige och framför allt i storstäderna. En pågående utmaning för landets kommuner är därför att se till att utbudet av bostäder möter efterfrågan och att det rådande underskottet på bostäder hämtas upp. För att göra det krävs en hög och jämn byggtakt. Vidare har de höga slutpriserna som i dagsläget föreligger på bostadsrätter, försatt låginkomsttagare utanför bostadsmarknaden och även skapat problem för medelinkomsttagare att förvärva en bostad. I detta examensarbete undersöks relationen mellan slutpriser på bostadsrätter och produktionskostnaderna för flerbostadshus samt om de svenska byggreglerna påverkar produktionskostnaderna. I förlängningen undersöker examensarbetet huruvida kraven i de svenska byggreglerna genererar merkostnader som i sin tur leder till dyrare priser på bostadsrätter. Hur ny- och ombyggnation ska utformas regleras i ett antal lagar, föreskrifter och allmänna råd, där Plan- och bygglagen och Boverkets Byggregler styr. Reglerna ska i sin tur verka nationellt och det är därmed enligt Plan- och bygglagen inte tillåtet för kommunerna att ställa egna särkrav. Dock visar resultatet av examensarbetet att byggbolagen upplever att det finns en viss tolkningsfrihet och lokala formuleringar av de rådande kraven. De menar att detta leder till att processen skiljer sig åt beroende på i vilken kommun nyproduktionen projekterats för samt vilken bygglovshandläggare som hanterar ärendet. Vidare resulterar detta i projekt som är svåra att planera och i vissa fall ger högre kostnader. Sverige har jämfört med övriga länder i Europa höga produktionskostnader vilket enligt litteraturöversikten anses ha en direkt koppling till bland annat kravställningarna och konkurrensen på marknaden. Dessutom presenterar resultatet att kravställningarna försvårar produktionen samt implementeringen av standardprodukter och innovationer. Detta leder till att byggbranschen generellt sett får det svårt att utvecklas industriellt, byggtekniskt och ur ett kostnadsperspektiv. Bristande förutsägbarhet är framför allt kostnadsdrivande när det handlar om tillgänglighet, bostadsutformning och brandskydd. Slutligen visar studien att lägre produktionskostnader kan leda till större konkurrens genom att det underlättar för fler byggbolag att etablera sig på marknaden. Detta skulle resultera i att fler bostäder skulle kunna byggas till lägre produktionskostnader vilket motiverar byggbolagen att investera i nya projekt. Eftersom resultatet tyder på att produktionskostnaderna inte påverkar slutpriserna utan snarare investeringsviljan hos byggbolagen, skulle också ett större utbud av bostäder pressa ned slutpriserna.

Las marcas son conscientes de que las fórmulas tradicionales basadas en la interrupción y repetición de mensajes publicitarios han perdido eficacia, por lo que han empezado a implementar nuevas estrategias basadas en la generación de contenido. Los medios de comunicación han visto como las marcas demandaban integrarse de una forma más orgánica, pasando a formar parte del contenido editorial a través de acciones de publicidad nativa. Esta nueva relación se ha revelado como una oportunidad de negocio para los medios que han acabado creando departamentos especializados en branded content. A través de una metodología cualitativa, la presente tesis por compendio de publicaciones tiene como objetivo conocer las principales características de los nuevos productos y servicios ofertados a las marcas por parte de los medios españoles. Se busca además examinar cómo se estructuran, definir los perfiles que los componen y analizar los procesos de creación.<br>Brands are aware that traditional formulas based on interruption and on repeating advertising messages have lost effectiveness, so they have begun to implement new strategies based on generating valuable content. The media have seen how brands were demanding to be integrated in a more organic way, becoming part of editorial content through native advertising actions. This new relationship has shown itself to be a business opportunity for the media, which have ended up creating departments specialising in branded content. Through qualitative research, the aim of this thesis is to learn about the main characteristics of the new products and services offered to brands by the Spanish media by examining a compendium of publications. A further objective is also to examine how they are structured, define their profiles, and analyse their working methodologies.<br>Programa de Doctorat en Ciències de la Comunicació

This study explores the foundations of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine in order to better understand the main historical influences on that policy and doctrine and how those influences have informed the current US approach to counterinsurgency. The results of this study indicate the US experience in counterinsurgency during the Greek Civil War and the Huk Rebellion in the Philippines had a significant influence on the development of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following World War II through the Kennedy presidency. In addition, despite a major diversion from the lessons of Greece and the Philippines during the Vietnam War, the lessons were re-institutionalized in US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following the war and continue to have significant influence today, though in a highly sanitized and, therefore, misleading form. As a result, a major disconnect has developed between the “rhetoric and reality” of US counterinsurgency policy. This disconnect has resulted from the fact that many references that provide a more complete and accurate picture of the actual policies and actions taken to successfully defeat the insurgencies have remained out of the reach of non-government researchers and the general public. Accordingly, many subsequent studies of counterinsurgency overlook, or only provide a cursory treatment of, aspects that may have had a critical impact on the success of past US counterinsurgency operations. One such aspect is the role of US direct intervention in the internal affairs of a supported country. Another is the role of covert action operations in support of counterinsurgency operations. As a result, the counterinsurgency policies and doctrines that have been developed over the years are largely based on false assumptions, a flawed understanding of the facts, and a misunderstanding of the contexts concerning the cases because of misleading, or at least seriously incomplete, portrayals of the counterinsurgency operations.

Armut ist kein statisches, isoliertes oder nur materielles Phänomen, sondern reproduziert sich strukturell und mit verstärkter Ausprägung in den nächsten Generationen. Ihre Ursache ist nicht rein wirtschaftlich, sondern die Konsequenz eines langen historischen Prozesses der Negierung und Ausbeutung, auch rassiell und geschlechtsspezifisch bedingt. Daher muss man das Problem der Indianer in Bolivien als Ergebnis der historischen und sozialen Verachtung und Annullierung von Seiten der Elite und Oligarchie verstehen, die ihre politische und ökonomische Teilnahme begrenzt haben. Leider hat dabei sogar die Bildung als Instrument gedient, um das dominante System zu rechtfertigen und die indianische Bevölkerung abzuwerten. Als Konsequenz dieser rassiellen Diskriminierung und Marginalisierung in Verbindung mit der wachsenden Armut ist ein sehr komplexes Phänomen entstanden, das man strukturelle Gewalt nennt. Unter der Betrachtung solcher Bedingungen im bolivianischen Kontext wird mit dieser Arbeit der Versuch unternommen, neue Bildungspolitiken vorzuschlagen, die als Fundament für eine bessere und gleichmäßige Verteilung der Möglichkeiten zur menschlichen Entwicklung und für die Konstruktion einer demokratischen Gesellschaft (Nation Building Prozess) dienen könnten. Dafür wird die Philosophie des Ordens der Salesianer als Referenz für neue Ansätze gewählt, bei denen die Bildung ein gemeinsames Konzept des Landes formuliert, das Vorurteile, Stereotypen und innere Grenzen, die sich von Generation zu Generation übertragen, ausräumt. Die Bedeutung der Bildung soll mit anderen Worten in deren Nutzung als Werkzeug für die Errichtung einer Friedenskultur liegen, die auf Toleranz, Solidarität und den Menschenrechten basiert, wobei die zwischeninstitutionelle Annäherung, Kooperation und der gegenseitige Austausch von Informationen und Erfahrungen in der Bildungsgemeinschaft (z.B. zwischen Don Bosco, Unicef oder Unesco) eine wichtige Rolle spielen.

Armut ist kein statisches, isoliertes oder nur materielles Phänomen, sondern reproduziert sich strukturell und mit verstärkter Ausprägung in den nächsten Generationen. Ihre Ursache ist nicht rein wirtschaftlich, sondern die Konsequenz eines langen historischen Prozesses der Negierung und Ausbeutung, auch rassiell und geschlechtsspezifisch bedingt. Daher muss man das Problem der Indianer in Bolivien als Ergebnis der historischen und sozialen Verachtung und Annullierung von Seiten der Elite und Oligarchie verstehen, die ihre politische und ökonomische Teilnahme begrenzt haben. Leider hat dabei sogar die Bildung als Instrument gedient, um das dominante System zu rechtfertigen und die indianische Bevölkerung abzuwerten. Als Konsequenz dieser rassiellen Diskriminierung und Marginalisierung in Verbindung mit der wachsenden Armut ist ein sehr komplexes Phänomen entstanden, das man strukturelle Gewalt nennt. Unter der Betrachtung solcher Bedingungen im bolivianischen Kontext wird mit dieser Arbeit der Versuch unternommen, neue Bildungspolitiken vorzuschlagen, die als Fundament für eine bessere und gleichmäßige Verteilung der Möglichkeiten zur menschlichen Entwicklung und für die Konstruktion einer demokratischen Gesellschaft (Nation Building Prozess) dienen könnten. Dafür wird die Philosophie des Ordens der Salesianer als Referenz für neue Ansätze gewählt, bei denen die Bildung ein gemeinsames Konzept des Landes formuliert, das Vorurteile, Stereotypen und innere Grenzen, die sich von Generation zu Generation übertragen, ausräumt. Die Bedeutung der Bildung soll mit anderen Worten in deren Nutzung als Werkzeug für die Errichtung einer Friedenskultur liegen, die auf Toleranz, Solidarität und den Menschenrechten basiert, wobei die zwischeninstitutionelle Annäherung, Kooperation und der gegenseitige Austausch von Informationen und Erfahrungen in der Bildungsgemeinschaft (z.B. zwischen Don Bosco, Unicef oder Unesco) eine wichtige Rolle spielen.

In this Master’s thesis, I document my experience working with members of the W̱SÁNEĆ Nation in their efforts to revitalize the reef net fishery. As part of this research project, I interviewed W̱SÁNEĆ community members, and I created a digital map of reef net fishing locations (SWELSWÁLET). In each of these interviews, different W̱SÁNEĆ community members chose to frame reef net fishing differently, and they highlighted specific and unique “alternative political approaches” toward W̱SÁNEĆ cultural resurgence (Kew & Miller 1999:58-59). Despite these differences, each W̱SÁNEĆ community member that I interviewed believed that reef net fishing is something that “needs to be shared” (XA’LATE, pers. comm., June 14, 2016). In Chapter 1, I explore the variations in what specific W̱SÁNEĆ community members want shared. In Chapters 2 and 3, however, I examine the delicate cultural, political, and legal contexts that have made sharing a complicated process. In Chapter 2, I analyze how the BC Treaty Process (BCTP) has exacerbated conflicts among First Nations in British Columbia. Further, I discuss the impact that these conflicts have had on how the W̱SÁNEĆ Nation shares information with their intranational and international neighbours. In Chapter 3, I explore how my misaligned expectations of knowledge sharing in collaborative community-based research—as a white settler man—clashed with “the values and beliefs, practices and customs of [the W̱SÁNEĆ Nation]” (L. Smith 2012:15-16; Lassiter 2005). I also make recommendations for how settler researchers in the future should proceed with research projects in these contexts.<br>Graduate<br>2019-12-06

Native nation building is a phenomenon largely neglected by mainstream political science. There are empirical and theoretical gaps in the study of political structures of Native nations. The empirical focus of this dissertation is on the rebuilding process of the White Earth Nation located in northwestern Minnesota. The objective is to investigate the long-term process of White Earth governance in order to get insights into the background of the present state of the White Earth institutional stalemate. I trace external and internal factors that influenced the formation, preservation, and transformation of the White Earth government established as part of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe under the Indian Reorganization Act provisions in 1936. To understand this process, it is necessary to include the historical context of the White Earth constitutionalism from 1913 to the present. I analyze some hitherto unknown archival materials using a flexible theoretical framework which I designed specifically for the purpose of studying the White Earth nation-building process. This case-specific framework eclectically uses a combination of theoretical approaches of Native American studies, genealogy, Vincent Pouliot's practice tracing, and new institutionalism. My findings suggest that the White Earth...

碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>建築及都市計劃研究所<br>98<br>Abstract National highway construction is one of magnificent facility projects in Taiwan. For public uses or public construction, property (land and building or structure) taking is the first step. People are titled to get proper compensation for property taking under the Construction when governments apply eminent domain. Land Expropriation Act promulgated in February of 2000, which was drafted during the high time of dramatic changes in societal structures in Taiwan. The trend of civilization called for citizen participation and collaboration in order to minimize the conflicts invoked by the process of property taking. For the building and structure taking process, regulations enacted by municipal administrations became more adaptive to time, space, people, and cases for corresponding to temporal and spatial differentiation in localities. The research focuses on the building and structure taking process national highway construction projects involving in. The case of National Highway 1, Wuku-Yangmei Section Expansion Project is used to discuss the issues related to current regulations. The conclusion and suggestion of the research are conducted. The thesis includes 5 chapters and 20 sub-chapters as below: Chapter 1 is the research model, including research motivation and purpose, research scope and contents, and research steps, methods, and processes. Chapter 2 is literature review and the legal process of eminent domain implementation, including the definition of building structure taking, regulations and guidelines enacted by governments at both central and local levels, the working process for special reward, remedy, and compensation in transportation construction projects, and literature review Chapter 3 is the investigation and case study, including goals, contents, and methodology of the research, and questionnaire and survey which are applied to understand how satisfied the original building or structure owners are with the taking process in the National Highway 1, Wuku-Yangmei Section Expansion Project. In addition, the research conducts a face-to-face and phone interview surveys to the government officers engaging the eminent domain implementation. The results of the case study are presented in discussion and analyses. Chapter 4 is the further discussion on the survey results and discovering the related issues. The research concludes the National Highway 1, Wuku-Yangmei Section Expansion Project has extremely different background to traditional transportation construction projects at local level, but is limited by regulations within Municipal Administration. Strategies and alternatives are proposed for policy making in order to smooth the process in property taking in national significant construction projects in the future. Chapter 5 is the conclusion and suggestion for the National Highway 1, Wuku -Yangmei Section Expansion project. 1. Implement the executive working group to solve the disposal problems of building remainder. 2. Use the Land Expropriation Rewarding project of the Ministry of Communications and it’s agencies to solve the zoning and building regulations issue. 3. There is no conclusion of the relative topics due to the difference of denominated in renewal price by the permission of municipal administrations rule. This research is only the suggestion for the relevant agencies. The contribution of this research is to discuss about the building and structure taking process national highway construction projects, but is limited by regulation within Municipal Administration. After find the root cause, take some actions and evaluate the effectiveness to create the generalize compensation operation and achieve the agreement compensation operation. It can provide the suggestion for the following relative research and be a reference for the future policy establishment.

abstract: Many Indigenous communities in North America develop tribal museums to preserve and control tribal knowledge and heritage and counteract negative effects of colonization. Tribal museums employ many Indigenous strategies related to Indigenous languages, knowledges, and material heritage. I argue that architecture can be an Indigenous strategy, too, by privileging Indigeneity through design processes, accommodating Indigenous activities, and representing Indigenous identities. Yet it is not clear how to design culturally appropriate Indigenous architectures meeting needs of contemporary Indigenous communities. Because few Indigenous people are architects, most tribal communities hire designers from outside of their communities. Fundamental differences challenge both Indigenous clients and their architects. How do Indigenous clients and their designers overcome these challenges? This dissertation is a history of the processes of creating a tribal museum, The Museum At Warm Springs, on the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon. The focus is to understand what critical activities Tribal members, designers, and others did to create a museum whose architecture represents and serves its community. The study also considers how people did things so as to honor Indigenous traditions. Design and construction processes are considered along with strategies that Tribal members and their advocates used to get to where they were prepared to design and build a museum. Interviews with Tribal members, designers, and others were central sources for the research. Other sources include meeting minutes, correspondence, Tribal resolutions, and the Tribal newspaper. Visual sources such as drawings, photographs, and the museum itself were significant sources also. This study revealed several key activities that the Confederated Tribes did to position themselves to build the museum. They built an outstanding collection of Tribal artifacts, created and supported a museum society, and hired an outstanding executive director. The Tribes selected and secured a viable site and persisted in finding an architect who met their needs. Collaboration--within the interdisciplinary design team and between designers and Tribal members and contractors--was key. Tribal members shared cultural knowledge with designers who adapted to Indigenous modes of communication. Designers were sensitive to the landscape and committed to representing the Tribes and their world.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Architecture 2012

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>建築系<br>94<br>Abstract Since occupying Taiwan in 1895, Japanese government moved in the government office used in Ching Dynasty, as a base to rule northern Taiwan. The office was called Taipei Countye Hall. In 1915, 20 years after the occupation, Japanese government moved to New Taipei Countye Hall, which was called Taipei Prefectural Hall later, due to organization reshuffle, personnel expansion and building aging. The new hall, located by a 3-lane road, was a western architecture designed to dignify the urban modernity of the ruling colonist. New Taipei Countye Hall has been used until 1945, the end of Japanese occupation. At the same year, the KMT government moved in and used the building as the offices of Taiwan Agency of Administrative Officers, and Taiwan Province Government. The building has been using by Control Yuan since the Taiwan Province Government moved to Jhongsing Village in 1958. The building was proclaimed as national historic site in 1998. This study investigated its constructing process and expanding under different eras to understand its development process, which helps clarify the users’ attitudes in the aspects of management, maintenance. The clarification could further contribute the issues and repairmen strategies of management and maintenance.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>建築系<br>104<br>In 1928, Japanese merged original Taipei Agricultural School including its’ dormitories into founding Taipei Imperial University called National Taiwan University today. In Japanese-occupied period, Japanese style dormitories for faculty and staff in National Taiwan University was built and promoted by the government of Japan. After the integration, the government of Japan set the laws of dormitory building to solve the problems of living. They wanted to use a special building fee to build the dormitories, but they acquired lands hard due to higher price. In order to deal with shortage of dormitories, the president of Taipei Imperial University established a college dormitory team which was for dormitory promotion. Because members of the team could design and build their own houses with personal needs, dormitories became various and characteristic. What is more, Taipei Imperial University merged Medicine School later including its’ dormitories so that some of them were built earlier than others. This research focuses on Japanese style dormitories built by government and college dormitory team for faculty and staff in National Taiwan University, and collects their previous literature before 1945. The research gathers and analyzes the data for 25 areas of dormitory in 1945, such as their backgrounds, locations, and architecture characters, etc. By observing the previous studies, we can know the architecture development in different conditions like residents and laws. The research shows, dormitories merged from original organization and built before 1912 are featured and convenient for life near the Taipei City due to building earlier than the laws of dormitory building. On the other hand, dormitories built by Taipei Imperial University after 1928 are consistent with the laws of dormitory building and near Taipei Imperial University. By the contrast, as a result of building with personal needs, dormitories built by college dormitory team are various and characteristic of interior space. At present, the earliest dormitories merged from Taipei Agricultural School and Medicine School are ruined and difficult with keeping. Nevertheless, other dormitories’ condition is better because professor and assistant professor still live in those dormitories after the war. Thanks to unique architecture characters and the mood of the whole community, dormitories can be included in historic buildings.

5 Abstract Diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Belarusian national movement in the late Soviet period. After the end of the Stalinist terror in the 70th-80th of the 20th century civic movements have been reborn in the Soviet Belarus. A rising national movement continued the national- building process, started in 20th years with the program of Belorusisation, which was interuppted by Soviet government in the late 20th. The research subject of the thesis is the Belarusian national idea in samizdat periodicals during 1970-1985. Content analysis of samizdat journals allows to define and understand the period's thinking. Since Soviet samizdat at that time was the only media environment, independent from the ideology and censorship. The thesis as well includes analysis and development of Belarusian national idea from its beginning; characteristic of the political, economic and social context of the Soviet period; appearance and analysis of dissent and democratic activities in 1970-1985.