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Tibasaaga, Anita, and Zawedde B. Mugwanya. "Science Communication Models for Agricultural Transformation in Uganda." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i2.6.
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This paper focuses on the models of science communication used to promote and support use of agricultural research outputs in Uganda. It also explores quasi-novel approaches of making agricultural research more visible to end-users through strategic communications and extension models that are hoped to increase adoption rates in Uganda. Surveys, literature review and key informants were used to evaluate the communication efforts by the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - the apex body for agriculture research in Uganda. The findings indicated that 31% of respondents perceived NARO as a source of poor products and services. This has resulted in distrust, which is largely attributed to use of ineffective models of communication used in the past. Different approaches of communication and extension are proposed as flagship models that can be implemented through NARO’s projects, private extension partners and, in some cases, through partnership with the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS). These communication and outreach strategies can improve understanding of the technologies, and consequently influence adoption of NARO technologies for improvement of the agricultural sector.Keywords: Agricultural research, Extension, NARO Uganda, Outreach
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Mangheni, Margaret Najjingo, Peace Musiimenta, Brenda Boonabaana, and Hale Ann Tufan. "The Genesis and Performance of Gender Focal Person Structures in Rwanda and Uganda National Agricultural Organisations: A Critique." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 10290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810290.
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Gender Focal Persons (GFPs) are commonly recruited by organisations as part of institutional efforts to mainstream gender. Despite their wide usage, these structures often struggle to achieve the intended goals. The underlying factors that explain their limited success are not well understood; yet, this would inform strategies for institutionalising gender in research institutions. This paper traces the genesis and operationalisation of the gender focal person structures in Rwanda and Uganda national agricultural research organisations, to unearth factors influencing their performance. Results presented are based on document reviews and qualitative interviews with scientists, managers, and GFPs in the two organisations. We found that the GFPs hinged on individuals and donors, and operated in an ad hoc manner without streamlined procedures. The structures were not embedded in institutional frameworks, hence their low visibility within the organisations. They were characterized by informality, voluntarism, unclear terms of reference, and accountability frameworks. We conclude that the ineffective performance of the GFPs in both organisations is explained by the informal approach used to establish, operationalise, and nurture them. Institutionalising the structure would require that the pioneering champions and donors successfully negotiate the embedding of GFPs into the mainstream; eventually, guaranteeing allocation of adequate human and financial resources from national budgets, as well as the establishment of accountability systems.
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Bugabo, Stephen Gumisiriza, Robert Bitariho, and Medard Twinamatsiko. "Is Fair Benefit Sharing a Reality or A Fallacy? Implications for Effective Collaborative Forest Management at Echuya Central Forest Reserve, S. W. Uganda." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1083.
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It is generally accepted that equitable benefits sharing from protected areas (PAs) is a probable technique for both sustainable management and PA conservation. Evidence however, suggests that this might not be entirely true since such benefits might not be equitably shared among local communities as they would have wished. This research compares benefits received by Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) community members with those of non-CFM community members adjacent to Echuya Central Forest Reserve (ECFR). The study further assesses the most preferred benefits by local community members around ECFR and the perceived barriers to equitable benefit sharing. It provides insight into how benefit sharing under CFM influences the conservation of protected areas. We conducted 458 household interviews, 26 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions to obtain data from CFM and non-CFM community members, government institutions, conservation organisations and local community leaders around ECFR. Benefits received by community members include access to firewood, grass, medicinal plants, materials to make ropes, honey and bamboo rhizomes, livelihood project support, cash benefits and training. The preferred benefits in their descending order include agricultural support, financial support, ecotourism, and livestock farming. The failure to monitor the implementation of CFM activities and corruption hinder equitable benefit sharing and promote overexploitation of forest resources. This study recommends that the National Forestry Authority (NFA) should include forest-adjacent communities in budget frameworks in order to provide financial support for CFM activities. The NFA and conservation organisations working around ECFR need to enhance the monitoring of CFM activities to ensure transparency and equitable sharing of forest resources
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Kirina, Thomas, Annemarie Groot, Helena Shilomboleni, Fulco Ludwig, and Teferi Demissie. "Scaling Climate Smart Agriculture in East Africa: Experiences and Lessons." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040820.
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Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) responds in order to sustain agriculture under a changing environment, and is a major priority in the development sphere. However, to achieve impact at scale, CSA innovations must address agricultural systems’ context-specific and multi-dimensional nature and be purveyed through feasible scaling processes. Unfortunately, knowledge on the scaling of CSA innovations under smallholder farming systems and in the context of developing countries remains scant. Understanding scaling processes is essential to the design of a sustainable scaling strategy. This study aimed to draw lessons on scaling from 25 cases of scaling CSA, and related projects in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania implemented by public institutions, local and international research organisations, Non-Govermental Orginsations(NGOs), and community-based organisations. Generally, scaling follows a linear pathway comprising technology testing and scaling. Most cases promoted technologies and models geared towards climate change adaptation in crop-based value chains, and only a few cases incorporated mitigation measures. Efforts to engage the private sector involved building business models as a potential scaling pathway. The cases were very strong on capacity building and institutionalisation from local, national, and even regional levels. However, four critical areas of concern about the sustainability of scaling emerged from the study: (i) There is little understanding and capture of the dynamics of smallholder farming systems in scaling strategies; (ii) climate data, projections, and impact models are rarely applied to support the decision of scaling; (iii) considerations for the biophysical and spatial-temporal impacts and trade-offs analysis in scaling is minimal and just starting to emerge; and (iv) there are still challenges effecting systemic change to enable sustainable scaling. In response to these concerns, we propose investment in understanding and considering the dynamics of the smallholder farming system and how it affects adoption, and subsequently scaling. Programme design should incorporate climate change scenarios. Scaling programmes can maximise synergies and leverage resources by adopting a robust partnerships model. Furthermore, understanding the spatio-temporal impact of scaling CSA on ecological functioning deserves more attention. Lastly, scaling takes time, which needs to be factored into the design of programmes.
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Mukiikbi, J. "ADDRESS OF THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (NARO) OF UGANDA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 540 (October 2000): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.540.3.
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de la Fuente, José, Marinela Contreras, Paul Kasaija, Christian Gortazar, Jose Ruiz-Fons, Rafael Mateo, and Fredrick Kabi. "Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Cattle Health and Production in Uganda." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040165.
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A meeting and course supported by the Vice-Presidency for International Affairs of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) were held at the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Nakyesasa, Wakiso, Uganda on September 2–9, 2019. The activities were conducted within the collaboration program between the Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Spain) and NARO for the development of vaccines and other interventions for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda.
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Kabi, Fredrick, Moses Dhikusooka, Moses Matovu, Swidiq Mugerwa, Paul Kasaija, Patrick Emudong, Halid Kirunda, Marinela Contreras, Christian Gortazar, and Jose De la Fuente. "Monitoring the Subolesin Vaccine Field Trial for Safer Control of Cattle Ticks Amidst Increasing Acaricide Resistance in Uganda." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101594.
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A collaboration program was established between the group of Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) of the IREC Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Spain) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) for the development of vaccines for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda. Controlled pen trials identified a tick protective antigen, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Subolesin, and a cross-species-effective vaccine formulation. As the next step, a controlled vaccine field trial has been approved by Ugandan state regulatory authorities, the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) and the National Drug Authority (NDA), to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine formulation for the control of cattle tick infestations under field conditions. The results of this trial may lead to the approval of the vaccine for application in Uganda to improve cattle health and production while reducing the use of acaricides.
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Joshi, Rohina, Innocent Besigye, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Manushi Sharma, David Peiris, Robert James Mash, Hortensia Reyes-Morales, et al. "How do diverse low-income and middle-income countries implement primary healthcare team integration to support the delivery of comprehensive primary health care? A mixed-methods study protocol from India, Mexico and Uganda." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e055218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055218.
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IntroductionAttainment of universal health coverage is feasible via strengthened primary health systems that are comprehensive, accessible, people-centred, continuous and coordinated. Having an adequately trained, motivated and equipped primary healthcare workforce is central to the provision of comprehensive primary healthcare (CPHC). This study aims to understand PHC team integration, composition and organisation in the delivery of CPHC in India, Mexico and Uganda.Methods and analysisA parallel, mixed-methods study (integration of quantitative and qualitative results) will be conducted to gain an understanding of PHC teams. Methods include: (1) Policy review on PHC team composition, organisation and expected comprehensiveness of PHC services, (2) PHC facility review using the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment, and (3) PHC key informant interviews. Data will be collected from 20, 10 and 10 PHCs in India, Mexico and Uganda, respectively, and analysed using descriptive methods and thematic analysis approach. Outcomes will include an in-depth understanding of the health policies for PHC as well as understanding PHC team composition, organisation and the delivery of comprehensive PHC.Ethics and disseminationApprovals have been sought from the Institutional Ethics Committee of The George Institute for Global Health, India for the Indian sites, School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee at Makerere University for the sites in Uganda and the Research, Ethics and Biosecurity Committees of the Mexican National Institute of Public Health for the sites in Mexico. Results will be shared through presentations with governments, publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.
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Namujuzi, Sylvia, and David Luyombya. "Access and use of agricultural records at Uganda National Archives and Records Centre." ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives 39, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/esarjo.v39i1.7.
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This paper focused on access and use of agriculture archives at the Uganda National Archives and Records Centre (NARC) in Kampala. The objectives of this study were to identify the agriculture archives at the NARC, establish the number of MAAIF and NARI staff that consult the agriculture archives, assess researcher’s opinion on agriculture archives in promoting agriculture research, identify challenges of access and use; and make suggestions for enhancing access and use of agriculture archives at NARC. The study purposively sampled five NARC archivists, seven directors of the National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) and 15 heads of departments in the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF). Data was collected using interviews, observations and document analysis. Data was categorised into themes and the content reported in narrative form. The findings revealed that the NARC had a limited collection of agriculture archives due to the fact that there was no mechanism to collect all agriculture archives from the creating agencies, including MAAIF and NARI. Neither was there a mechanism for promoting access to and use of agriculture archives. The study recommends that the NARC should have a spelt-out budget to carry out documentation, collection and promotion of access and use of agriculture archives.
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Ryall, Cameron, and Lisa Zook. "The I’m Learning! intervention methodology for quality learning environments in developing country contexts." Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) 5, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njcie.4055.
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Within the context of the global learning crisis and calls to focus on the quality of education, one international organisation took a systematic and holistic approach to improve learning, wellbeing, and development in schools. Known as the Quality Learning Environment (QLE) Framework, it conceptualised the quality of the learning environment in schools with four guiding principles: emotional and psychological protection of learners, physical wellbeing of children, active learning processes, and close collaboration between school and parents/community. From 2013 – 2017, the framework was piloted in three countries of Cambodia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe to improve learning environments and outcomes while documenting the process, methods, and results of the QLE pilot in their country. The interventions in the three countries were closely tracked by a longitudinal research study. This paper explores the ambition of global and national research firms to carry out rigorous cross-country research alongside contextualized and evolving school interventions.
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Roxburgh, C. W., and J. E. Pratley. "The future of food production research in the rangelands: challenges and prospects for research investment, organisation and human resources." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 2 (2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14090.
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Food production research in rangelands depends heavily on the National Agricultural Research System for its research and development outcomes. Future outcomes are uncertain as funding sources are limited and much of the expertise is entering the retirement phase without a succession plan. Private research investment has contributed to some extent but there remains a need for governments to continue to support those aspects that deliver public good or address market failure. This review considers the varying contexts in funding and research organisation globally while using Australia as a case study for more detailed analyses of trends in livestock production research capacity in the rangelands. The major concern expressed is that the availability of a well educated and trained workforce is uncertain and this may hamper rangelands from contributing sufficiently to global food security and national conservation goals.
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Guwatudde, David, Pilvikki Absetz, Peter Delobelle, Claes-Göran Östenson, Josefien Olmen Van, Helle Molsted Alvesson, Roy William Mayega, et al. "Study protocol for the SMART2D adaptive implementation trial: a cluster randomised trial comparing facility-only care with integrated facility and community care to improve type 2 diabetes outcomes in Uganda, South Africa and Sweden." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019981.
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IntroductionType 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly contributing to the global burden of disease. Health systems in most parts of the world are struggling to diagnose and manage T2D, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and among disadvantaged populations in high-income countries. The aim of this study is to determine the added benefit of community interventions onto health facility interventions, towards glycaemic control among persons with diabetes, and towards reduction in plasma glucose among persons with prediabetes.Methods and analysisAn adaptive implementation cluster randomised trial is being implemented in two rural districts in Uganda with three clusters per study arm, in an urban township in South Africa with one cluster per study arm, and in socially disadvantaged suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden with one cluster per study arm. Clusters are communities within the catchment areas of participating primary healthcare facilities. There are two study arms comprising a facility plus community interventions arm and a facility-only interventions arm. Uganda has a third arm comprising usual care. Intervention strategies focus on organisation of care, linkage between health facility and the community, and strengthening patient role in self-management, community mobilisation and a supportive environment. Among T2D participants, the primary outcome is controlled plasma glucose; whereas among prediabetes participants the primary outcome is reduction in plasma glucose.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval in Uganda from the Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee of Makerere University School of Public Health and from the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology; in South Africa from the Biomedical Science Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Western Cape; and in Sweden from the Regional Ethical Board in Stockholm. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberISRCTN11913581; Pre-results.
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Kolinski, Lev, and Krista M. Milich. "Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Impacts Community Perceptions around Kibale National Park, Uganda." Diversity 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040145.
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The attitudes of community members living around protected areas are an important and often overlooked consideration for effective conservation strategies. Around Kibale National Park (KNP) in western Uganda, communities regularly face the threat of crop destruction from wildlife, including from a variety of endangered species, such as African elephants (Loxodonta africana), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), as well as other nonhuman primates, including olive baboons (Papio anubis). These frequent negative interactions with wildlife lead many community members to resent the park and the animals that live within it. To mitigate these issues, community members around KNP partnered with researchers to start a participatory action research project to reduce human-wildlife interactions. The project tested four sustainable human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies: digging and maintaining trenches around the park border, installing beehive fences in swampy areas where trenches could not be dug, planting tea as a buffer, and growing garlic as a cash crop. These physical exclusion methods and agriculture-based deterrents aimed to reduce crop destruction by wild animals and improve conditions for humans and wildlife alike. We conducted oral surveys with members of participating communities and a nonparticipating community that border KNP to determine the impact of these sustainable human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies on attitudes toward KNP, wildlife officials, and animal species in and around KNP. We found that there is a positive correlation between participation in the project and perceived benefits of living near KNP. We also found that respondents who participated in the project reported more positive feelings about the Uganda Wildlife Authority, the organization that oversees KNP. This research will help inform future conservation initiatives around KNP and other areas where humans and animals face conflict through crop damage.
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Mbowa, Swaibu, Tonny Odokonyero, Tony Muhumuza, and Ezra Munyambonera. "Does coffee production reduce poverty? Evidence from Uganda." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 7, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-01-2016-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of coffee production on poverty among smallholder farmers. Design/methodology/approach National Household Survey data for Uganda were triangulated with qualitative field data. A mix of propensity score matching (PSM) and quantile treatment effect techniques was employed. Findings The results reveal a significant effect of coffee production on poverty reduction, through incremental household consumption expenditure. Households engaged in coffee production are associated with a lower incidence of poverty. The interesting evidence suggests that coffee production is a pro-poor intervention. These findings are confirmed by qualitative assessment that reveals farmers’ welfare improved to greater extent to satisfactory levels from coffee income. Research limitations/implications Econometrically robust strategies were employed to ensure minimal estimation bias; however, the authors are mindful of PSM limitation of selection on observables. Originality/value This paper is part of a limited body of literature that combines quantitative and qualitative assessment, a growing issue in contemporary research. In addition to employing one of the conventional impact evaluation techniques, the paper accounts for heterogeneity in the effects of coffee production.
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Bieniek-Majka, Maryla, Andrzej Czyżewski, and Anna Matuszczak. "National and EU budget expenditures supporting the organisation of the fruit and vegetable market in Poland after 2010." Management 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0013.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to discuss the role of national and EU budget resources supporting organisation in the fruit and vegetable market. By way of introduction, the level and dynamics of (national and EU) budget expenditures supporting the agricultural sector in general was presented. Next, expenditures on the support for the fruit and vegetable market were analysed in detail. The research period covered the years 2010-2019. The authors pointed to the progressive decrease in spending on the agricultural sector in Poland, both from national and EU funds. At the same time, the support provided to the title sector was relatively large, but rather short-term, which made the formation and consolidation of the desired structures within the framework of horizontal integration impossible.
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Nagy, Joseph G., and M. A. Quddus. "The Pakistan Agricultural Research System: Present Status and Future Agenda." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i2pp.167-187.
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Alarming food supply and demand deficits are projected to the year 2020 and beyond for Pakistan, based on its current low investment/low growth agricultural sector. Evidence suggests that agricultural productivity growth and increases in production may not keep pace with past growth rates. Part of the problem is an underfunded and poorly managed agricultural research system that can not hope to contribute significantly to increasing agricultural productivity now or in the future. The World Bank-assisted Agricultural Research II Project (ARP-II) was initiated to partially overcome some of the funding problems and provide institutional development in the areas of organisation, planning, and management of the research system at both the federal and provincial levels. A National Master Agricultural Research Plan (NMARP) was one of the principal goals of the ARP-II as part of improving research planning and management. The objective of this paper is to review the reasons why the Pakistan agricultural research system needs to be revitalised, review the status and problems of the present agricultural research system, and outline a future agenda for Pakistan’s agricultural research system based on the plan developed for the NMARP.
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Nyombi, K. "Towards sustainable highland banana production in Uganda: Opportunities and challenges." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 57 (April 25, 2013): 7544–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11080.
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East Africa highland bananas ( Musa sp., AAA- EA HB) are an important starchy food and cash crop in Uganda and the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Widespread reports of declining yields in Uganda since the 1930s and the low yields today do raise serious sustainability and food security concerns , especially as food demand increases with a population growth rate of 3.2% per annum . In addition, increasing urbanization continues to increase pressure on the banana system s, with bunches and leaves increasingly transported from rural areas to urban centres, leading to the continued loss of nutrients especially potassium. Actual yields on many smallholder banana farms (5 − 20 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 FW ) in Uganda are far below the estimated potential yield (100 Mg ha − 1 FW ). Farmers cite soil fertility decline, pests ( banana weevils and nematodes) and moisture stress as the major factors responsible for yield decline. In response, several organic and mineral fertilization experiments have been carried out at research stations and in farmers’ fields in Uganda since the 1950s . Researchers have mostly reported responses to organic fertilizers, no or poor responses to Mg and P fertilization with some responses to K and N fertilization , but with yields that are far below the estimated potential . Although pests are controlled in so me trials, researchers have often failed to embrace a systems approach , quite often leaving out factors, such as moisture stress and soil physical conditions that affect the responses to fertilization . The government of Uganda in the National Development Plan 2010/11−2014/15 targets increased agricultural productivity for key staple crops like bananas in alleviating poverty in rural areas and ensuring national food security. In order to set proper banana research priorities to benefit farmers in Uganda , the objectives of this study were : to review past research aimed at reducing banana production constraints , identify opportunities and challenges facing the banana sector and put forward new research perspectives .
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Kaaya, Archileo N., and HL Warren. "A Review of Past and Present Research on Aflatoxin in Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 5, no. 8 (April 25, 2005): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.8.1200.
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Uganda is a landlocked country located in Eastern Africa covering an area of about 241,000 km 2 . Its climate is tropical, with most parts of it receiving bimodal rainfall of 500 to 2000 mm per annum, and an average temperature of 25 o C. These temperatures and the humid environment are optimum for growth of Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus and subsequent production of aflatoxins in the produce. The country was among those in the world where aflatoxin studies were first conducted following their discovery, in the 1960s and, during that time, hepatoma frequency was related to aflatoxin content of food. The objective of this paper is to review the past and present status of aflatoxin research in Uganda by considering the epidemiology, measurement, research, promoting factors, control strategies and problems associated with this toxin in the country. It is revealed that aflatoxin contamination has been studied mainly in maize and groundnuts, and aflatoxin B 1 is the most prevalent in the country. More studies have been done on foods sampled at the market level than on-farm level. There is more aflatoxin contamination of foods in markets, than those stored by farmers, with some having levels above the FDA/WHO recommended limits of 20 ppb. However, no strategies for controlling aflatoxin contamination of food and food products in Uganda have been reported. It is concluded that aflatoxin contamination of agricultural produce is a big problem in the country, and this is attributed to inadequate research, lack of proper sampling and analytical procedures; poor legislation and lack of awareness of the problem by farmers, traders, processors and consumers. Therefore in order to reduce the potential hazard of aflatoxins, government of Uganda through the Ministries of Health, and Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries; together with the Uganda National Bureau of Standard s, should put into place information dissemination and training programs for farmers, traders and consumers on proper pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin management strategies. To reduce further this potential hazard, regulations for monitoring susceptible produce from buying points to retail markets should be put in place and strict measures on the quality of food at both household and market levels be enforced by all policy makers.
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Kaaya, Archileo N., and HL Warren. "A Review of Past and Present Research on Aflatoxin in Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 5, no. 8 (April 25, 2005): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.8.1200.
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Uganda is a landlocked country located in Eastern Africa covering an area of about 241,000 km 2 . Its climate is tropical, with most parts of it receiving bimodal rainfall of 500 to 2000 mm per annum, and an average temperature of 25 o C. These temperatures and the humid environment are optimum for growth of Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus and subsequent production of aflatoxins in the produce. The country was among those in the world where aflatoxin studies were first conducted following their discovery, in the 1960s and, during that time, hepatoma frequency was related to aflatoxin content of food. The objective of this paper is to review the past and present status of aflatoxin research in Uganda by considering the epidemiology, measurement, research, promoting factors, control strategies and problems associated with this toxin in the country. It is revealed that aflatoxin contamination has been studied mainly in maize and groundnuts, and aflatoxin B 1 is the most prevalent in the country. More studies have been done on foods sampled at the market level than on-farm level. There is more aflatoxin contamination of foods in markets, than those stored by farmers, with some having levels above the FDA/WHO recommended limits of 20 ppb. However, no strategies for controlling aflatoxin contamination of food and food products in Uganda have been reported. It is concluded that aflatoxin contamination of agricultural produce is a big problem in the country, and this is attributed to inadequate research, lack of proper sampling and analytical procedures; poor legislation and lack of awareness of the problem by farmers, traders, processors and consumers. Therefore in order to reduce the potential hazard of aflatoxins, government of Uganda through the Ministries of Health, and Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries; together with the Uganda National Bureau of Standard s, should put into place information dissemination and training programs for farmers, traders and consumers on proper pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin management strategies. To reduce further this potential hazard, regulations for monitoring susceptible produce from buying points to retail markets should be put in place and strict measures on the quality of food at both household and market levels be enforced by all policy makers.
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Tusiime, Sharon M., Gail R. Nonnecke, and Helen H. Jensen. "Tomato seed value chain analysis and seed conditioning among seed companies in Uganda." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0199.
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Tomatoes increase nutritional food security and income among Ugandan smallholder farmers who have limited access to high quality seed. The objective of this study was to analyze the current tomato seed value chain for Uganda. Survey responses determined roles of key participants, including Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) for regulation and certification; National Agricultural Research Organization for breeding cultivars and seed multiplication; Makerere University for education and research; commercial seed companies for seed importation and conditioning; seed distributors for sales; and smallholder farmers as savers and end users of seed. Challenges included an inefficient domestic seed distribution system, technical constraints in seed production and conditioning by seed companies, inadequate networks and communication among the seed industry’s key participants, and partial regulation of the seed industry. Seed companies played a key role in seed conditioning processes. Companies imported all tomato seeds into Uganda and stated germination as their primary goal for quality. Challenges for seed companies included assistance from MAAIF to regulate and certify seed and access to improved technologies. Attaining high quality seed by commercial Uganda-parent companies will require additional investment and training of seed technologists for domestic testing and seed quality assurance.
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Morton, J. F. "Pastoralist parliamentary groups: a comparative study." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009352.
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Pastoralists (broadly speaking, people dependent on extensively grazed livestock for their livelihoods), are a vulnerable group of people who have been marginalised in developmental and political terms, and whose problems are very different from those of people in mainstream agricultural areas. Pastoralist Parliamentary Groups (PPGs), groupings of MPs concerned with the issue of pastoralism, have been formed since 1997 in the national parliaments of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda (Mohammed Mussa 2004, Livingstone forthcoming a and b). A research project investigated the context, successes and failures of the three PPGs, using interviews with their members and other stakeholders and document review.
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Payumo, Jane G., Shireen Assem, Neeru Bhooshan, Hashini Galhena, Ruth Mbabazi, and Karim Maredia. "Managing Agricultural Research for Prosperity and Food Security in 2050: Comparison of Performance, Innovation Models and Prospects." Open Agriculture Journal 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010020.
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Background:Agriculture faces unprecedented developmental challenges globally. At the same time, rapid advances in agricultural research and innovation at the global, regional and national levels, offer unprecedented opportunities, improving performance across the entire agriculture product value chain.Objective:This paper highlights a multi-case study on six emerging economies in Asia and Africa and representative institutions, where opportunities for agricultural-led development are being explored to address pressing global challenges and transform agriculture into a vibrant and competitive sector.Methods:Drawing from secondary data and using a case study approach, this paper provides an overview and benchmarking of agricultural R&D indicators and policies at the country and institutional levels.Results:Findings reveal varying levels of agricultural development and successes of the six countries: Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Uganda, Kenya, in terms of agricultural performance, R&D investments and implementation of policies in managing modern agricultural innovations, intellectual property, technology transfer and public-private sector partnership in research and economic development. The paper presents some best practices and suggested measures that may be useful references for emerging economies and institutions with similar interests and initiatives to integrate agricultural research and technology transfer.Conclusion:Current successes and learning reveal changing and improving capacities in research and technology transfer in selected countries. However, sustaining success will require active policies to govern and promote investment in agricultural research and innovation, strategic partnerships for translating research to practice, and continuous capacity building and human resource development remain to be key ingredients for sustaining such success in addressing local and global problems in agriculture.
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Kim, Jangsaeng, and Miyang Jun. "Money, a Drain of Educational Opportunity: A Microregional Study of School Dropouts in Mpigi, Uganda." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105875.
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This paper sheds light on the causes of school dropouts, a major challenge facing UPE attainment in public primary schools of Uganda. We offer microregional analysis of school dropout patterns in the Mpigi district, and show a number of distinct patterns of school dropouts in Mpigi that can be differentiated from studies based on national data. While the Universal Primary Education program covered tuition fees, additional costs for education, such as meals, school transport, and uniforms, function as hurdles for longer school years. This is an obstacle regardless of parental awareness about education’s importance and how wealthy the parents think they are. Such findings directly conflict with existing knowledge that higher household income results in longer school years. The previous understanding of girl dropouts in Sub-Saharan Africa and its patriarchal context offer little explanations on the dropout pattern of Mpigi, as it is more related to the economic cost of education and the high demand for male agricultural labor. For a multicultural society such as Uganda, we highlight the importance of microlevel regional study in educational research.
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Kasule, F., P. Wasswa, S. B. Mukasa, A. Okiror, and A. W. Mwang’ombe. "Effective isolation distance for prevention of cassava virus infections in Uganda." African Crop Science Journal 28, s1 (October 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.1s.
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Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) are the major viral diseases of cassava in Uganda. Although isolation distance of “50 m” has been recommended by MAAIF in Uganda for prevention of virus infections in crops, the minimum isolation distance has not been verified for effectiveness in cassava. This study assessed the effective isolation distance for management of viral diseases in cassava. Virus-clean cassava cultivars (NASE 03, NASE 14 and NAROCASS 1) from farmers’ fields were used as field sourced (FS) planting materials. Tissue culture (TC) material of the same cultivars were sourced from the National Crops Resources Research Institute and Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute tissue culture laboratories. Both FS and TC materials were tested at isolation distances of 50, 100, 150 and 250 m for virus prevention. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design and was run for 12 months after planting (MAP). Mean CBSD/CMD prevalence significantly varied (P<0.05) among isolation distances in both FS and TC plants, and the 250 m isolation distance was the most effective in reducing disease prevalence. Across cultivars and planting material category at 12 MAP, the 50 m isolation distance had the highest foliar incidence for CBSD (29.2%) and CMD (16.1%); while severity for CBSD was 1.4 and 1.2 for CMD. At 250 m, all FS and TC plants had CBSD/CMD severity of 1.0 and 0% incidence. These results show that 250 m isolation distance can provide an option to disseminate popular, but CBSD/CMD susceptible cassava cultivars thereby manage CBSD/CMD.
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Okello-Anyanga, Walter, Karin Hansel-Hohl, Agnes Burg, Stephan Gaubitzer, Patrick R. Rubaihayo, Johann Vollmann, Paul T. Gibson, Silvia Fluch, and Eva M. Sehr. "Towards the Selection of Superior Sesame Lines Based on Genetic and Phenotypic Characterisation for Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 9 (August 15, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n9p13.
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Understanding agricultural biodiversity is critical to formulate breeding strategies for crop improvement and it impacts both, conservation and collection activities. Especially germplasm collections serve as valuable resources, thus, their adequate characterisation is of utmost importance. Although Uganda ranks seventh in African sesame production, meagre research was conducted to determine the current genetic diversity among its germplasm. Therefore, in the present study part of the sesame germplasm conserved at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI) in Uganda focusing on 85 established lines was genetically and phenotypically characterised. Population genetic and structure analyses revealed rather a low extend of genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity [HE], or gene diversity [D]) ranging from 0 to 0.38 per entry, but a high extend of admixture within and between entries. This decrease of heterozygosity is supported by a fixation index (FST) of 0.530, indicating a medium genetic differentiation among entries. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative agromorphological traits revealed a great inter-trait variability among the entries and further indicated a certain conservation of some of the traits reflecting the geographic origin of the analysed entries. Based on both, the genetic and phenotypic characterisation, a selection of 26 superior entries is proposed, which may form a valuable basis both for farmers and breeders.
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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 5 No. 6." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n6p137.
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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 6Alex Augusto Gonçalves, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), BrazilAncuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, RomaniaAnna Iwaniak, Warmia and Mazury University, PolandAsima Asi Begic-Akagic, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, BosnianBojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaConstantina Nasopoulou, University of the Aegean, GreeceElke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, AustriaGisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Belo Horizonte/MG, BrazilIlkin Yucel Sengun, Ege University, TurkeyJuan José Villaverde, INIA -National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, SpainMagdalena Surma, University of Agriculture, PolandMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyPaa Akonor, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, GhanaPalmiro poltronieri, National Research Council of Italy, ItalyQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaSefat E. Khuda, Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, United StatesSlavica Grujic, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaVioleta Ivanova-Petropulos, University "Goce Delcev" - Stip, Republic of MacedoniaYusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga, Makerere University, Uganda
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Mallory, Ellen B., Niels Halberg, Lise Andreasen, Kathleen Delate, and Mathieu Ngouajio. "Innovations in Organic Food Systems for Sustainable Production and Ecosystem Services: An Introduction to the Special Issue of Sustainable Agriculture Research." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p1.
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<p>Organic agriculture is one of the best developed multifunctional production strategies in agriculture, and yet is not widely understood in terms of its full potential for contributing to food security, economic development, and environmental health. This special edition of the journal Sustainable Agriculture Research explores the knowledge, innovations, potentials, and research needs that will strengthen the links between organic food systems, sustainable production, and enhanced ecosystem services. The following articles are from an international conference titled “Innovations in Organic Food Systems for Sustainable Production and Ecosystem Services,” held on 1-2 November 2014 in Long Beach, California. The conference was co-sponsored by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, the International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS), the United Stated Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA), and the American Society of Agronomy (ASA).</p>
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Hartter, Joel, and Abraham Goldman. "Local responses to a forest park in western Uganda: alternate narratives on fortress conservation." Oryx 45, no. 1 (November 4, 2010): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000141.
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AbstractMost research on attitudes to parks in sub-Saharan Africa has been in savannah regions and areas of low population density. Expulsion, exclusion and the imposition of external control are dominant themes, resulting in negative responses to parks, particularly those that represent hard-edged so-called fortress conservation. Our research in the densely populated area around a mid altitude forest park in western Uganda found an alternate narrative in which, despite its hard-edged fortress features, most people view Kibale National Park favourably. Based on a geographically random sample in two agricultural areas neighbouring the Park, our results indicate that most households felt they benefit from the Park and only a small proportion cited negative impacts. Rather than direct economic returns, the benefits most commonly noted by respondents can be characterized as ecosystem services. Most individual respondents and a large majority of the local political leaders said that the Park should continue to exist. Crop raiding by animals from the Park is a problem in some locations but resource restrictions and expulsion were not widely cited by our respondents. The fact that the large majority of residents migrated to the area after the Park was established may be an important explanatory factor for these responses, and this is also likely to be the case for many other mid altitude tropical forest parks, the demographic and land-use histories of which differ from those around many savannah parks.
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Barakagira, Alex, and Anton H. de Wit. "The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.
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Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.
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Mwesigwa, David. "Efficacy of farmer field schools in achieving participatory technology development among smallholder farmers in the Hoima district, Uganda." Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education 1, no. 4 (August 25, 2021): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v1i4.764.
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Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy of FFS for participatory technology development among smallholder farmers in Hoima district, Uganda. It is anticipated that by making FFS concrete, household food security will be enhanced. Research methodology: The study utilised primary data, which was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. While 120 respondents were sampled, 103 responded, generating a response rate of 85.83%. This was an excellent response seeing that it merited above 75%. The researcher administered all questionnaires in one month. Results: From the findings indicate that PTD is more desirable in the Hoima district. In addition, the construct of the ability to solve problems from time to time indicates that problem-solving is very desirable for PTD in the Hoima district. The results suggest a positive correlation between FFS and PTD among the study population, indicating that a unit-change in the FFS constructs will lead to a proportionate change in the constructs of PTD in the same direction. This implies that improving FFS quality by a single unit will translate into progressive improvement in PTD in the Hoima district. This study also suggests that FFS alone has a strong positive influence on PTD in the Hoima district. Limitations: This study merely covered farmer-field schools, yet several interventions aim to raise the quality of agriculture in Uganda, such as National Agricultural Advisory Services and Emyoga. Contribution: This study contributes to the deeper understanding of what ought to be done to improve the quality of farming in Uganda.
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Aru, John Charles, Nelson Wanyera, Patrick Okori, and Paul Gibson. "Identification of Blast Resistant Genotypes among Drought Tolerant Finger Millet in Uganda." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.2.1.235.
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Finger millet is an important food security crop among many subsistence farmers living in marginal and especially semi-arid regions of Eastern Africa. However, crop production is affected mainly by terminal drought and blast disease caused by fungus Pyricularia grisea. Both collectively lead to over 90% grain yield loss depending on environmental conditions, cropping systems and varietal differences. Therefore, resistance breakdown remains high owing to variability in the blast pathogen and weather conditions. Stable varieties should possess both blast resistance and drought. In order to initiate breeding for multiple resistance to blast on drought-tolerant background, a study was conducted to identify variability for blast resistance from adapted germplasm as an initial step in developing a breeding strategy for incorporating resistance. Thirty genotypes from drought-prone agro-ecologies and including mini core germplasm from NARO-NaSARRI national Finger Millet improvement programme were assessed. They were screened using a local virulent pathogen isolate (NGR1) from Ngora, representing Teso major farming system and is a hot spot for the blast. The screening was under controlled conditions from in Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute (MUARIK) in 2012b. The results showed significance (p<0.01) for Area Under Disease Progressive Curve (AUDPC). Subsequently, the study identified IE927, Seremi1, Seremi3, Sec220 and Kabale as highly resistant to foliar blast infection comparable to Gulu-E a standard broad-spectrum resistant check and they could be used to improve finger millet for blast resistance. Meanwhile DR33, IE9 and IE2576 as most susceptible compared to non-race -specific susceptible check E11 from Uganda.
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Anis, Aswhar, and Endro Tri Susdarwono. "21ST CENTURY SKILLS OF ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE RELATED TO THE RESILIENCE OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial 29, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jpis.v29i2.9270.
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Indonesia is an agricultural country, but imports rice, sugar, wheat flour, maize, milk powder, onions, garlic, soybeans, carrots, from abroad. In all countries of the world, agriculture is the most protected sector of the economy. Food security is important. If a country imports most of its food products from other countries to fulfill its need because the price is lower than domestic prices, then the country will become dependent in its food supply on other countries for the future. This will be dangerous. So that 21st century skills are needed towards economic intelligence in Indonesia who can be relied on in terms of national economic resilience. These skills include : Ecological: the business environtment, Psycho-sociological: internal actors of organisation, Reticulated: external human networks claimed and moblized around the project, Teleological: final purpose of the approach through strategy development, Technological: includes all the methods, tools and techniques used for the entire process of decision support through surveillance process, information protection, or benchmarking. Economic intelligence concerns the set of concepts, methods and tools which unify all the co-ordinated actions of research, acquisition, treatment, storage and diffusion of information, relevant to individual or clustered enterprises and organisations in the framework of a strategy.
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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 6 No. 1." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n1p123.
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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1Ancuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, RomaniaCheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United StatesCodina Georgiana Gabriela, Stefan cel Mare University Suceava, RomaniaDiego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, SpainEganathan Palanisami, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, IndiaElke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, AustriaEstela de Rezende Queiroz, Universidade Federal de Lavras, BrazilHamid El Bilali, CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (IAMB), ItalyIlkin Yucel Sengun, Ege University, TurkeyJelena Vulic, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaJintana Wiboonsirikul, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, ThailandJose M. Camina, National University of La Pampa and National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches (CONICET), ArgentinaLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLuis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalLupu Mirabela Ioana, Transilvania University Brasov, RomaniaMagdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMarwa Ibrahim Abd El Hamid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptMassimiliano Renna, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, ItalyNingning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, , United StatesPalak Gupta, University of South Florida, United StatesQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaRenata Dobrucka, Poznan University of Economics, PolandRigane Ghayth, Organic Chemistry-Physics Laboratory, University of Sfax., TunisiaSuresh Kumar, Hanyang University, KoreaVasudha Bansal, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (AcSIR-CSIO), India
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Kovtunov, V. V., N. A. Kovtunova, O. A. Lushpina, N. N. Sukhenko, E. A. Shishova, and N. S. Kravchenko. "The study of East African grain sorghum samples in the conditions of the Rostov region." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-39-44.
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Sorghum is one of the main food and feed crops in the world. Rapid population growth in Africa requires a growing amount of local foods such as sorghum. Therefore, breeding work aimed at developing highly productive sorghum varieties and hybrids adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Africa and the arid conditions of southern Russia is of great urgency. Therefore, it was necessary to identify the adapted samples with valuable economically valuable traits. The current study has been carried out on the experimental plots of the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. As objects of the study there have been used the grain sorghum varieties of the National Research Institute of Semi-Arid Resources (NaSARRI) of the Republic of Uganda ‘Seso 1’, ‘Seso 3’, ‘Narosorg 1’, ‘Narosorg 2’, ‘Narosorg 3’, ‘Narosorg 4’, ‘Epuripur’, as well as the variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ sown as the standard variety. The study was conducted in accordance with the Methodology of State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops and B. A. Dospekhov’s Methodology of a field trial. The purpose of the current study was a comprehensive estimation of grain sorghum varieties developed in the research institutions in Uganda under the conditions of the Rostov region to use the selected samples in further breeding work as sources of economically valuable traits. In the conditions of the Rostov region the Ugandan varieties belonged to the group of middle ripening and late ripening varieties. The plant height in the studied varieties varied from 155 to 210 cm. According to the trait “number of grains per panicle” the varieties had a large number of grains (1829–2530 pcs.). The main share of the NaSARRI varieties had a high percentage of raw protein in grain (13.6–14.9%). A low tannin content was established in the varieties ‘Seso 1’ (0.54%), ‘Epuripur’ (0.66%) and ‘Narosorg 1’ (0.71%).
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Williams, Colin C. "Cross-national variations in the scale of informal employment." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate critically the competing explanations for the cross-national variations in the scale of informal employment which variously correlate higher levels of informal employment with economic under-development (“modernization” theory), corruption, higher taxes and state interference (“neo-liberal” theory) and inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty (“structuralist” theory). Design/methodology/approach – To do this, data on the prevalence of informal employment collected by the International Labour Organisation using a common survey method across 41 less developed economies are analysed and compared using bivariate regressions with World Bank development indicators. Findings – Some 34.4 per cent of the non-agricultural workforce is in informal employment across these 41 countries, with the share in informal employment ranging from 83.6 per cent in India to 6.1 per cent in Serbia. Evaluating critically the competing explanations, a call is made for a synthesis of the modernisation and structuralist theoretical perspectives in a new “neo-modernisation” theory that tentatively associates higher levels of informal employment with economic under-development, smaller government and inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty. Research limitations/implications – Based on 41 cases, a multivariate regression analysis was not possible to determine how important each characteristic is to the final outcome whilst controlling for the other characteristics. Practical implications – This paper tentatively displays that wider economic and social policies, such as social protection, are significantly correlated with the level of informal employment. Originality/value – This is the first paper to use a direct survey to analyse and explain cross-national variations in informal employment in less developed economies.
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Lugali, Yvonne, Cate Nimanya, Brenda Achiro, James Maiteki, and Joan Asimwe. "Faecal sludge briquettes production as a viable business in Kampala: a case study of a partnership between Water for People and National Water and Sewerage Corporation." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 7 (April 22, 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.7s.
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Production of faecal sludge (FS) briquettes is not a new technology and is often used in the sanitation value chain as part of resource recovery efforts. Water for People in its mandate to develop appropriate and sustainable sanitation technologies sought to optimize the process of faecal sludge based briquette production. This was done by testing the different compositions of faecal sludge (100%, 80%, 60%, 50% and 40%) with other materials such as wood charcoal dust, agricultural waste and market waste to come up with a briquette that could compete favorably with charcoal and traditional briquettes on the market. The testing phase indicated that such briquette was at a composition of 40% faecal sludge and 60% charcoal dust and adequately provided the fuel properties required as well being safe from any pathogens or emissions. A briquette production facility was set up in collaboration with National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Uganda at their treatment plant in Lubigi and has to-date produced more than 10 tonnes of briquettes and sold more than 3 tonnes since its inception. Further research is being carried out in production process efficiency and use of other raw materials such as agricultural waste and market waste to offset the wood charcoal.
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Lugali, Yvonne, Cate Nimanya, Brenda Achiro, James Maiteki, and Joan Asimwe. "Faecal sludge briquettes production as a viable business in Kampala: a case study of a partnership between Water for People and National Water and Sewerage Corporation." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 7 (April 22, 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i7.7s.
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Production of faecal sludge (FS) briquettes is not a new technology and is often used in the sanitation value chain as part of resource recovery efforts. Water for People in its mandate to develop appropriate and sustainable sanitation technologies sought to optimize the process of faecal sludge based briquette production. This was done by testing the different compositions of faecal sludge (100%, 80%, 60%, 50% and 40%) with other materials such as wood charcoal dust, agricultural waste and market waste to come up with a briquette that could compete favorably with charcoal and traditional briquettes on the market. The testing phase indicated that such briquette was at a composition of 40% faecal sludge and 60% charcoal dust and adequately provided the fuel properties required as well being safe from any pathogens or emissions. A briquette production facility was set up in collaboration with National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Uganda at their treatment plant in Lubigi and has to-date produced more than 10 tonnes of briquettes and sold more than 3 tonnes since its inception. Further research is being carried out in production process efficiency and use of other raw materials such as agricultural waste and market waste to offset the wood charcoal.
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K. C., Bigyan, Rishav Pandit, Bishnu Prasad Kandel, Kanchan Kumar K. C., Arpana K. C., and Mukti Ram Poudel. "Scenario of Plant Breeding in Nepal and Its Application in Rice." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (June 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5520741.
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Rice, the number one staple food crop of Nepal, contributes nearly 20% to the agricultural gross domestic product, almost 7% to gross domestic product, and supplies with 40% of the food calorie consumption of Nepalese people. Despite of increasing production, the national demand of rice cannot be fulfilled, and billions of rupees are spent yearly for importing rice from India. This article reviews history, recent scenario, prospects, and importance of rice breeding research in Nepal for self-sufficiency. Though plant breeding inception point in Nepal was 1951, the systematic research in rice was started from 1972 after the establishment of the National Rice Research Program. Introduction and evaluation of high yielding exotic germplasm of rice was the initial rice breeding activities. After analysing several foreign materials, CH-45 variety of rice was first recommended in 1959. Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), the leading organisation for rice varietal improvement to date, has been doing rice research activities such as germplasm conservation, exchange, varietal development, verification of technologies, and knowledge updates in collaboration with various organizations. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), since 1966, has been playing an important role in Nepal’s rice research. Major plant breeding achievements are introduction of exotic materials and their evaluation, local landraces identification, collection and analysis, crossing of local landraces with exotic genetic materials, heterosis breeding, tissue culture technology, genetic marker technology, and National Genebank. RAPD and SSR, DNA-based markers, are mostly used for diversity appraisal and selecting desirable genotypes. Integration of advanced tools such as genetic engineering, bioinformatics, protoplast fusion, and SNP markers could not be still applied in rice research and development. Hence, emphasis should be given to improve the capacity and abilities of the rice scientists and should release more short duration, drought, and submergence-tolerant rice varieties by optimum utilisation of local landraces combining modern and conventional breeding.
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Molema, Marijn. "Collective organisation of knowledge in the early phase of the Dutch-Friesian dairy industry (c. 1880-1914)." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural 73 (November 15, 2017): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.073e02m.
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During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, science and technology opened up new avenues for dairy farmers. Improved techniques for measuring the percentage of fat content in milk and new mechanical production processes had a considerable influence on the dairy production system. However, knowledge was essential to make the most of these opportunities. Historians have offered diverse explanations for the implementation of a knowledge infrastructure within pre-existing dairy networks. Some studies have emphasized the role of individual actors, while others focused on the influence of cooperative structures. This article contributes to the latter and adds a geographical dimension to the organizational history of dairy knowledge. Based on research in archives and newspapers, it investigates two knowledge institutions in the Dutch province of Friesland: a dairy consultancy and a dairy school, both founded in 1889. The conclusion is that the implementation of knowledge institutions was encouraged by the interplay between regional initiatives and national economic policies.
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Mfinanga, Sayoki Godfrey, Moffat J. Nyirenda, Gerald Mutungi, Janneth Mghamba, Sarah Maongezi, Joshua Musinguzi, Joseph Okebe, et al. "Integrating HIV, diabetes and hypertension services in Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomised trial in Tanzania and Uganda." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e047979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047979.
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Introduction HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa are well funded but programmes for diabetes and hypertension are weak with only a small proportion of patients in regular care. Healthcare provision is organised from stand-alone clinics. In this cluster randomised trial, we are evaluating a concept of integrated care for people with HIV infection, diabetes or hypertension from a single point of care. Methods and analysis 32 primary care health facilities in Dar es Salaam and Kampala regions were randomised to either integrated or standard vertical care. In the integrated care arm, services are organised from a single clinic where patients with either HIV infection, diabetes or hypertension are managed by the same clinical and counselling teams. They use the same pharmacy and laboratory and have the same style of patient records. Standard care involves separate pathways, that is, separate clinics, waiting and counselling areas, a separate pharmacy and separate medical records. The trial has two primary endpoints: retention in care of people with hypertension or diabetes and plasma viral load suppression. Recruitment is expected to take 6 months and follow-up is for 12 months. With 100 participants enrolled in each facility with diabetes or hypertension, the trial will provide 90% power to detect an absolute difference in retention of 15% between the study arms (at the 5% two-sided significance level). If 100 participants with HIV infection are also enrolled in each facility, we will have 90% power to show non-inferiority in virological suppression to a delta=10% margin (ie, that the upper limit of the one-sided 95% CI of the difference between the two arms will not exceed 10%). To allow for lost to follow-up, the trial will enrol over 220 persons per facility. This is the only trial of its kind evaluating the concept of a single integrated clinic for chronic conditions in Africa. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by ethics committee of The AIDS Support Organisation, National Institute of Medical Research and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Dissemination of findings will be done through journal publications and meetings involving study participants, healthcare providers and other stakeholders. Trial registration number NCT43896688.
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Kawuki, R. S., L. Herselman, M. T. Labuschagne, I. Nzuki, I. Ralimanana, M. Bidiaka, M. C. Kanyange, et al. "Genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces and cultivars from southern, eastern and central Africa." Plant Genetic Resources 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000014.
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Studies to quantify genetic variation in cassava germplasm, available within the national breeding programmes in Africa, have been limited. Here, we report on the nature and extent of genetic variation that exists within 1401 cassava varieties from seven countries: Tanzania (270 genotypes); Uganda (268); Kenya (234); Rwanda (184); Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; 177); Madagascar (186); Mozambique (82). The vast majority of these genotypes do not exist within a formal germplasm conservation initiative and were derived from farmers' fields and National Agricultural Research Systems breeding programmes. Genotypes were assayed using 26 simple sequence repeat markers. Moderate genetic variation was observed with evidence of a genetic bottleneck in the region. Some differentiation was observed among countries in both cultivars and landraces. Euclidean distance revealed the pivotal position of Tanzanian landraces in the region, and STRUCTURE analysis revealed subtle and fairly complex relationships among cultivars and among landraces and cultivars analysed together. This is likely to reflect original germplasm introductions, gene flow including farmer exchanges, disease pandemics, past breeding programmes and the introduction of cultivars from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Nigeria. Information generated from this study will be useful to justify and guide a regional cassava genetic resource conservation strategy, to identify gaps in cassava diversity in the region and to guide breeding strategies.
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Kaiira, M. G., G. N. Chemining’wa, F. Ayuke, and Y. Baguma. "Profiles of Compounds in Stover of Rice, Cymbopogon, Desmodium, Mucuna and Maize." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 9 (August 15, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n9p183.
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Crop residues and mulches release phytotoxic substances into the soil that affect plant growth. An experiment was conducted at the Uganda National Crop Resources Research Institute, Namulonge during 2016, to identify compounds in the stover of potted Cymbopogon nardus, Desmodium uncinatum, Oryza sativa, (NERICA 1), Mucuna pruriens and Zea mays (LONGE 6H) at fourty five days after germination. This marked near the average stationary phase for test crops’ growth when secondary metabolites are maximum. Organic compounds in the stover were extracted using solid phase micro-extraction. Samples were subjected to analysis using a 7890A Gas Chromatography system. Data files were transferred into a distinct folder and data was uploaded onto XCMS online platform for pair wise comparison and other related statistical analysis in the National institute of Science and Technology library. Ten terpenoids and one ester were identified in cymbopogon stover. Desmodium stover released six terpenoids and three phenols. Rice stover produced six terpenoids, three phenolic compounds and one ester. Mucuna stover released two terpenoids and four phenols. The maize stover produced five terpenoids and four phenolic compounds. Profiled compounds from cymbopogon, desmodium, rice, mucuna and maize could be responsible for the reported negative allelopathic effects such as auto-toxicity and suppression of companion crops expressed in agricultural ecosystems. Allelopathic activity of the profiled compounds should be confirmed through bioassays extracts and residues studies. The development and incorporation of the profiled metabolites into agricultural management system may lead to the production of bio-herbicides that reduce environmental degradation and increase crop productivity.
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Upadhyaya, H. D., K. N. Reddy, M. Irshad Ahmed, and C. L. L. Gowda. "Identification of gaps in pearl millet germplasm from East and Southern Africa conserved at the ICRISAT genebank." Plant Genetic Resources 10, no. 3 (November 27, 2012): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262112000275.
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The International Crops Research Institute for the semi-Arid Tropics Genebank at Patancheru, India holds the world's largest collection of 22,211 pearl millet germplasm accessions from 50 countries including 4488 landraces from 16 East and Southern African (ESA) countries. Gap analysis using FloraMap software and 3750 georeferenced pearl millet germplasm accessions from ESA countries revealed 34 districts located in 18 provinces of four East African countries and 76 districts located in 34 provinces of seven Southern African countries as geographical gaps. Analysis of characterization data using DIVA-GIS software showed 11 districts of seven provinces in Sudan and Uganda and 58 districts of 20 provinces of seven countries in Southern Africa as gaps in diversity for important morphoagronomic traits. The following districts were identified as gaps common to geographic area and diversity for some or the other traits: Amuria district in Soroti province of Uganda; Mpwapwa in Dodoma province of Tanzania; Mahalapye in Centre province and Kgatleng in Kgatleng province of Botswana; Lalomo in Southern province of Zambia; and Motoko, Mudzi and Wedza in the province of Mashonaland East; Makoni in Manikaland; Gutu and Chivi in Masvingo; Gwanda and Bulalimamangwe in Metabeland south; Hwange and Nkayi in Metabeland north; and Kwe Kwe in Midlands of Zimbabwe. For a successful germplasm collection mission to fill the gaps identified, planning should be made in advance of collaboration and consultation with National Agricultural Systems, local government officials and extension officers. It is suggested to collect the complete passport data including georeference information while collecting the germplasm.
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Kocur-Bera, Katarzyna, and Adrian Pszenny. "Conversion of Agricultural Land for Urbanization Purposes: A Case Study of the Suburbs of the Capital of Warmia and Mazury, Poland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142325.
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Population growth, economic globalization and the launch of market economy instruments have become the main triggers for processes related to the anthropogenization of space. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) statistics, the developed area indication tripled in the last 25 years. Humans keep appropriating more natural and semi-natural areas, which entails specific social, economic and environmental consequences. Provisions in some countries’ laws and some economic factors encourage investors to engage in urbanization. The authors of this study noticed a research gap in the analysis of suburban areas in this topic. Our research aimed to analyze the conversion of plots of land used for agricultural purposes into urbanized land in the city’s suburban zone, in areas of high landscape and natural value. We focused on the analysis of geodetic and legal divisions of plots of land and analyzed the conditions of plots of land “ex ante” and “ex post” and the changes in their values. To achieve the research objective, we used Corine Land Cover (CLC) data for various time intervals, orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium standards), cadastral data, administrative decisions, data from the real estate market, spatial analyses and statistical modeling (linear, non-linear and stepwise regression). In general, the CLC data resolution enables analysis at regional or national levels. We used them innovatively at the local level because CLC data allowed us to notice the development of the area over time. Detailed research confirmed that, in the studied area, the conversion of agricultural land into developed areas results from economic factors. The division procedure increases the plot value by about 10%. However, the effects of uncontrolled urbanization, which we are currently dealing with, generate long term social and economic losses, difficulties in the labour market and may become a barrier to development.
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Saskia, Visser, Keesstra Saskia, Ní Choncubhair Órlaith, Mulder Titia, Costantini Edoardo, Sousanna Jean Francois, Chenu Claire, et al. "Roadmap for the European Joint Program SOIL: Towards Climate-Smart Sustainable Management of Agricultural Soils." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030089.
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Our planet suffers from humankind’s impact on natural resources, biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems. Intensive modern agriculture with inappropriate inputs of fertilisers, pesticides and fossil fuel –based energy has increasingly added to human pressure on the environment. As a key element of our natural capital, soils are also under threat, despite being essential to provide food, feed, fibre and fuel for an increasing global population. Moreover, soils play a key role in carbon, water and energy cycles, highlighting their importance for biomass provision and the circular bioeconomy. Evidently, these new and complex challenges cannot be resolved effectively with existing knowledge and experience alone. These challenges require scientific research, interdisciplinary collaboration and networking to find context-specific and tailored solutions addressing societal issues of our time and facilitating the adoption of these solutions. The most effective approaches are based on the involvement of multiple actors from science, policy, economy, civil society and farming that have the same goal, work on the same societal issue, but have complementing backgrounds, expertise and perceptions. The European Joint Programme (EJP) SOIL is a European network of research institutes in the field of soil science and agricultural soil management that will provide science-based advice to practitioners and policymakers, at local, national and European level. The EJP SOIL aims to align and boost research, training and capacity building through joint programming activities co-funded by the European Commission and national research programs. This will reduce current fragmentation and help to find synergies in order to make a leapfrog in research on good agricultural soil management in three main areas: climate change mitigation and adaptation, production capacity in healthy food systems, and environmental sustainability. By joint programming, training and capacity building, EJP SOIL will also take into account the need for effective policy solutions, as well as the socio-economic conditions of all stakeholders in the agricultural value chain. Thus, a key focus of the EJP SOIL is to build and strengthen a framework for an integrated community of research groups working on related aspects of agricultural soil management. As part of this effort, EJP SOIL will co-construct with stakeholders a roadmap for agricultural soil research. To develop a structured roadmap, EJP SOIL works with a version of the knowledge management framework of Dalkir (2005). The EJP version uses four compartments: (i) Knowledge development, (ii) knowledge harmonisation, organisation and storage (iii) knowledge sharing and transfer, and (iv) knowledge application. The four segments are part of a cyclic process to enhance the development and use of knowledge on agricultural soils. Knowledge development comprises assessing new knowledge needs to achieve the expected impacts of EJP SOIL. Therefore, by involving multiple stakeholders, knowledge gaps across Europe will be identified to work towards the adoption of Climate-Smart Sustainable Agricultural Soil Management (CSSASM). Within the knowledge sharing and transfer compartment, the capacity of scientists, advisors, policy makers, farmers and other stakeholders will be strengthened. EJP SOIL will work to support networks and co-creation of new knowledge with stakeholder groups, stimulating innovation in CSSASM. The knowledge harmonization, organization and storage compartment of the knowledge framework ensures linkages with all stakeholders to guarantee data harmonization and standardization. The last compartment, application of knowledge, will be facilitated by creating better guidelines, awareness and capacity for Climate-Smart Sustainable Agricultural Soil Management adoption and by strengthening science-to-policy processes at EU and Member State level.
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Polbitsyn, Sergey N. "The Role of Entrepreneurship in the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in Russia." Economy of Region 17, no. 2 (June 2021): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-19.
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Analysis of numerous works on the historical development of agri-food production and the organisation of agri-food systems convincingly demonstrates that each development stage was organised to successfully meet the challenges of civilisation. Based on the analysis results, I hypothesise that there have been five historical stages of development of agri-food systems. Nowadays, both national and regional agri-food systems are increasingly introducing the institutions of the innovative agri-food system 6.0. The agri-food system 6.0 is based on a new perception of food security focused on identifying and satisfying the individual needs rather than meeting the basic food demand of the population. Numerous researchers have repeatedly noted that only entrepreneurs can consider specific and varying needs of different population groups, as, unlike large agricultural businesses, they have the flexibility to organise production and offer consumers the demanded products. An analysis of works on the historical development of agri-food systems in different countries, as well as a detailed study of agri-food production trends of the Russian agri-food system confirm the hypothesis. The research results determine the role of rural entrepreneurial ecosystems in the development of both the national agri-food system and rural areas. The obtained findings can help examine the role of individual actors in ensuring the sustainable development of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem, as well as identify universal and specific factors influencing its development.
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Namukasa, Juliet. "Records management and procurement performance." Records Management Journal 27, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-04-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence procurement records management had on the performance of the procurement function under the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS). Design/methodology/approach The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research. Procurement records management was the independent variable, while procurement performance was the dependent variable. The study also adopted a simple correlation and case study design. An accessible population of 101 respondents was identified, with 93 forming a sample. An 88% response rate was realized. Findings Results indicated that procurement records management had a significant effect on procurement performance. Whereby, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between records creation and procurement performance; there was a positive relationship between records maintenance, preservation and procurement performance; and, finally, records access and use also had a positive significant influence on procurement performance. Research limitations/implications This research focused on the central region of Uganda, and yet, Uganda has got so many other regions which operate the NAADS programs. This means that research was conducted within a defined scope. Therefore, based on this, the researcher could not generalize the research findings. Practical implications Findings imply that ethical practices should be emphasized and custodians of procurement records be held accountable for their actions, as this will help in the support of proper record-keeping and avoid documents not being on file, misplaced or misfiled, which negatively affects procurement performance. Enabling a more efficient information management system results into effective procurement performance that leads to significant cost reduction in both the private and the government sector, especially when digital records are involved. Social implications As majority of the NAADS staff were found to possess inadequate knowledge in records maintenance and preservation, the government through the NAADS training committees should organize timely workshops to sensitize staff on how best records maintenance and preservation is core to its operations. Originality/value This study contributes to an important area which has not been given attention in the Ugandan context, where there is difficulty of relating the value of effective records maintenance to business management because of the lack of quantifiable evidence. Therefore, the study highlights the influence of records creation, maintenance and use on procurement performance. The review of literature finds that better records management results into better performance of the procurement units in procurement entities.
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Nkuba, Michael, Raban Chanda, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, Edward Kato, Margaret Najjingo Mangheni, and David Lesolle. "The effect of climate information in pastoralists’ adaptation to climate change." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 442–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2018-0073.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of using indigenous forecasts (IFs) and scientific forecasts (SFs) on pastoralists’ adaptation methods in Rwenzori region, Western Uganda. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a household survey from 270 pastoralists and focus group discussions. The multivariate probit model was used in the analysis. Findings The results revealed that pastoralists using of IF only more likely to be non-farm enterprises and livestock sales as adaptation strategies. Pastoralists using both SF and IF were more likely to practise livestock migration. Research limitations/implications Other factors found to be important included land ownership, land tenure, gender, education level, non-farm and productive assets, climate-related risks and agricultural extension access. Practical implications Increasing the number of weather stations in pastoral areas would increase the predictive accuracy of scientific climate information, which results in better adaptive capacity of pastoralists. Active participation of pastoral households in national meteorological dissemination processes should be explored. Social implications A two-prong approach that supports both mobile and sedentary pastoralism should be adopted in rangeland development policies. Originality/value This study has shown the relevance of IFs in climate change adaptation methods of pastoralists. It has also shown that IFs compliment SFs in climate change adaptation in pastoralism.
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Kaiira, Moses, George Chemining’wa, Fredrick Ayuke, Yona Baguma, and Fredrick Nganga. "Profiles of compounds in root exudates of rice, Cymbopogon, Desmodium, Mucuna and maize." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 4 (2019): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1904399k.
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Roots of crop species produce exudates with biologically active chemicals which are known to affect the growth of crops and weed species. An experiment was conducted at the Uganda National Crop Resources Research Institute, Namulonge during 2016 to identify compounds released in root exudates of potted Cymbopogon nardus, Desmodium uncinatum, upland rice (NERICA 1), Mucuna pruriens and Zea mays (LONGE 6H) at forty-five days after planting. This marked near the average stationary phase for test crop growth when secondary metabolite levels were high. Organic compounds in soils were extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and by solvent extraction. Samples were subjected to analysis using a 7890A Gas Chromatography system. Data files were transferred into a distinct folder and data was uploaded onto the XCMS online platform for pairwise comparison and other related statistical analyses in the National Institute of Science and Technology Library. The blank soil produced 15 terpenoids, two alcohols and one each of trihalomethanes, ethers, phenols, ketones, furans, alkanes and aldehydes. Cymbopogon exuded five terpenoids, one phenol and an alkane. Desmodium plant roots released three terpenoids, one alkane and a phenol. The rice crop produced eight terpenoids, two alkanes and a furan. Five terpenoids, one phenol and an alkane were released by the mucuna crop, while six terpenoids were found in maize soil. The profiled compounds from cymbopogon, desmodium, rice, mucuna and maize could be responsible for allelopathic properties expressed by the study crops in natural and agricultural ecosystems and could be used in synthesis and development of herbicides.
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Nicholas, Kemboi, Professor Obiri John, and Professor China Samuel. "THE NEXUS BETWEEN LAND USE CHANGES AND LANDSLIDES OCCURRENCES ON THE SLOPES OF MT. ELGON, BUNGOMA COUNTY IN KENYA." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 7495–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i011.09.
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Land use and land cover has been recognized throughout the world as one of the most important factors influencing landslides occurrence. Although many landslide episodes have been reported and observed on the slopes of Mount Elgon both in Uganda and Kenya, little literature exists describing the relationship between land use/land cover and landslide occurrences. The overall objective of the study was to establish the link between land use changes and landslide occurrence. The study adopted mixed method research design. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through interview schedules and questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to select sites from the four wards for purposes of primary data collection and transect walk. Simple random sampling was used to select 381 households. Landsat satellite images for land cover change analysis was sourced from Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD). Primary data which included quantitative data as analyzed using the statistical package for social scientist (SPSS) (version20). A linear regression model was run to get the predictor values between the variables. The results of this study revealed that; there is a positive link between land use changes characterized by agricultural practices, human activities, increased population, semi-urbanization and landslide occurrences in the Mt. Elgon region. On basis of the above findings, the study recommends that there is an urgent need by appropriate stakeholders from Government, both national and County, to restore forest cover on the deforested steep slopes and restrain the communities from encroaching on the pristine mid slopes of Mt Elgon.