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Journal articles on the topic 'National and regional protectionism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Mokhnatkina, Kseniya V., Nataliia V. Naidenova, and Anna Y. Shkryabina. "Renaissance of Protectionism as a Concept of Economic Policy: Theoretical and Applied Aspects." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 20, no. 4 (2020): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2020-20-4-366-373.

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Introduction. Changes in the balance of power in the global economy, the increasing role of the Asia-Pacific countries in international trade, the consequences of the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a revision of foreign trade policy by both developed and developing countries, to an increased application of protective measures of national economy. Theoretical analysis. State economic policy aimed at protecting and realizing the interests of the national economy is protectionism in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, protectionism is considered as a foreign trade policy. The use of historical a

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Bezrukova, Nataliia, and Vitalii Svichkar. "Liberalization and Protectionism: an Analysis of Experience Application in Different Countries of the World." Економіка і регіон/ Economics and region, no. 2(81) (July 9, 2021): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.26906/eir.2021.2(81).2293.

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The authors analyze the use of liberalization and protectionism elements in different countries of the world and at different stages of their development. Protectionism and liberalization are two alternative directions of the state's trade policy. In today's world practice, neither protectionist nor liberal trade policy is used in its purest form. Each country uses elements of both trade policy options, combining them according to its economic goals at this stage, the situation in the world and national economies. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of liberalization and

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Shumilov, Mikhail, and Alexander Gurkin. "The Main Problems of Eurasian Integration in the Face Of Increasing National and Regional Protectionism." Administrative Consulting 97, no. 1 (2017): 45–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14945527.

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The article discusses the prospects of Eurasian integration development and the impact on the process of national and regional protectionism, carried out in conditions of deep economic globalization crisis by USA and several other countries. The problems that arise in such circumstances on the way of European integration and the possible options to overcome them are analyzed.

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Bulatova, Olena, Mykola Trofymenko, Oleksandr Karpenko, and Eduard Fedorov. "The External Component of National Economic Security." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 13 (December 31, 2020): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2020.1.26.

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The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the foreign trade component on the formation of national economic security. Transformations occurring in the world’s economic development, the deterioration of the global financial environment, and increasing geopolitical tensions have intensified the main risks to the development of the global economy in today’s conditions. Therefore, national governments are actively using a wide range of tools to ensure economic growth and the appropriate level of competitiveness of their respective economies while ensuring national security, which is

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Okogwu, Casandra, Blessed Afeyokalo Egbokhaebho, Ahmed Raji, Chibuike Daraojimba, Elesho Yusuf Alade, and Bolaji Ismail Olalere. "NAVIGATING TRADE PROTECTIONISM: ITS IMPLICATIONS ON GLOBAL PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES AND THE NIGERIA AND U.S. ECONOMY." Agribusiness Management In Developing Nations 1, no. 1 (2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/amdn.01.2023.27.35.

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This paper examines the implications of trade protectionism on Nigeria’s economy, with a particular focus on the sectors that heavily rely on exporting oil and gas products to the United States (U.S). Conversely, the U.S. occasionally resorts to restrictive measures to defend domestic industries against competitive Nigerian imports, primarily to conserve domestic employment and promote indigenous innovation The reliance on oil exports also poses challenges for Nigeria’s diversification efforts and its ability to develop other sectors of the economy. In recent years, there has been a growing tr

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Petrovic, Pero, and Dobrica Vesic. "Global financial crisis and its impact on global trade trends and WTO." Medjunarodni problemi 66, no. 1-2 (2014): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1402007p.

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The modern economic and financial crisis has caused a significant reduction in trade flows for the first time since the Second World War, so it is often referred to as the trade crisis. Despite many benefits and disadvantages of liberalization as key contemporary features, the current crisis has led to re-examination of these attitudes affecting the introduction of protectionist measures and to strengthening of regional ties and numerous alliances. The question that arises is how trade flows will look like in the future and whether regional integration will prevail over multilateralism and the

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Čerović, Slobodan Č., Marina Pepić, Pero Petrović, and Stanislav Č. Čerović. "The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on World Trade." Economic Themes 52, no. 1 (2015): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2014-0002.

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Abstract Modern economic and financial crisis has caused a significant reduction in trade flows, for the first time since the Second World War, so it is often referred to as the trade crisis. Despite many benefits and disadvantages of liberalization as key features of modern age, the current crisis has led to a reassessment of these positions affecting the introduction of protectionist measures and the strengthening of regional ties and alliances. The question that arises is how the future trade flows will look like and whether regional integration will prevail over multilateral and liberalize

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Panchenko, V., and Y. Pinchuk. "CURRENT TRENDS IN THE REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXCESSIVE CONFLICT OF GEOECONOMIC INTERESTS." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 14, no. 27 (2024): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2024-14-27-5-14.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze modern trends in the regulation of international trade in the context of an aggravating conflict of geo-economic interests. It has been established that the need to balance the demands of the global and national economic environment becomes the dominant factor in the transformation of classic protectionist tools into tools of hidden protectionism or neo-protectionism. The use of non-tariff measures to regulate international trade is one of the manifestations of hidden protectionism. It was noted that the increase in the number of regional trade agreements

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9

Park, Jeongjoon. "A Study on the Feasibility of Security Exceptions in Trade: Focusing on Korea's FTAs and Recent Cases." Institute for Future Growth 11, no. 1 (2025): 63–83. https://doi.org/10.29143/kuifg.2025.11.1.63.

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For the nearly 80 years since the establishment of the GATT and WTO multilateral trade systems, the international relations have been developed, having greater focus on free trade than protectionism from the economic perspective. Factually speaking, however, no concrete and solid trade regulation has been materialized from the social viewpoint of national peace and social stability. Thus, Article XXI of the GATT, which states for the security exception provisions, fleeing from free trade, remain with unneglectful legal loopholes, including the infamous self-judging issue. Today, the US and man

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Balabanova, N., M. Muravskyi, and V. Shastun. "INTERSTATE TRADE DISPUTES AS A MANIFESTATION OF MODERN PROTECTIONISM." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Ekonomìka 14, no. 28 (2024): 53–61. https://doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2024-14-28-53-61.

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The article examines interstate trade disputes as one of the manifestations of modern protectionism, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of global economic transformations. The main focus is on analyzing the causes, mechanisms of emergence, and consequences of trade conflicts for the global economy. Key trends in the development of international trade have been identified, including the growth of e-commerce, changes in the geographical and commodity structure of trade, the formation of regional trade blocs, and the strengthening of protectionist measures. Special attention i

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Bazaluk, Oleg, Olha Yatsenko, Nataliia Reznikova, Ivanna Bibla, Nataliia Karasova, and Vitalii Nitsenko. "INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES INFLUENCE ON WELFARE OF COUNTRY." Journal of Business Economics and Management 23, no. 2 (2022): 382–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2022.16228.

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The primary objective of the research is to investigate the influence of international integration processes on national welfare. Peculiarities of trade and economic liberalization of trade through mechanism of regional trade agreements (RTA) forming have been scrutinized. Integration, which develops due to RTAs, is the most important mechanism of the international cooperation in the field of economic policy. This integration is a coordination and protection mechanism, which functions in a broad spectrum of policies. An exceptional role of RTAs in reaching country economic security has been es

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Starodubtsyeva, Elena Borisovna, and Viktoriya Vadimovna Pyerskaya. "Stimulating exports by SCO countries in conditions of growing protectionism." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 4 (2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-4-123-129.

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The article describes the problem of implementing the protectionist policy by the leading developed countries, which imposes the need to revise the directions of trade for the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Such trade directions are presented by the exchange of goods. Recently the exchange of goods has grown by 17%, but its volume is still small. The main problems are both the commodity structure of trade and the infrastructural component, namely, ensuring transport support and unifying customs tariffs. In these conditions, the task is to stimulate exports, find

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Kettunen, Erja. "On MNC-Host Government Relations: How Finnish Firms Respond to National and Regional Policies in ASEAN." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (2017): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v34i2.5306.

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Combining literature from international political economy, international business, and institutional approaches to business studies, this article discusses foreign firms' relationship with the public sector in Southeast Asia. It focuses on the perceptions of the firms on host country policies toward foreign direct investments (FDI) and the impact of global financial crises and regional economic integration on the firms' strategies. The multinational company (MNC)-host government relationship is seen as a cooperative and continual bargaining within a specific institutional framework. Based on i

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14

Olena, Bulatova. "Tendencies of development of national trade and economic policies under current conditions." ECONOMICS: time realities 4, no. 38 (2018): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2813849.

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The article studies modern trade measures applied by national governments for the implementation of trade and economic policy in crisis and post-crisis conditions for the world trade development and defines the enlargement of trade barriers and intensification of protectionist tendencies of national trade and economic policies. The author proves that in terms of new economic reality restrictive measures in trade are frequently applied by both developed and developing countries. Non-tariff barriers and limitations impose more and more influence on market segmentation, which every negotiations s

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Kukucha, Christopher J. "Internal Trade Agreements in Canada: Progress, Complexity and Challenges." Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (2015): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000232.

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AbstractDespite criticism of ongoing protectionism, this study argues that Canada's internal trade regime has evolved significantly since the implementation of the original Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT). This includes thirteen formal amendments to the AIT and numerous regional agreements in Western, Central, and Atlantic Canada. Borrowing from the liberal International Political Economy (IPE) literature it argues that existing regional agreements complement and offer a potential framework for broader internal trade reforms at the national level. Of these the New West Partnership Trade Agre

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16

Hojnik, Janja. "Free movement of goods in a labyrinth: Can Buy Irish survive the crises?" Common Market Law Review 49, Issue 1 (2012): 291–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2012009.

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The article explores the legal status of consumer ethnocentrism in the EU and how the three simultaneous crises of the present time (economic, food and climate change) challenge the EU Court's judgment in Buy Irish, which presents the foundation for uprooting negative consumer stereotypes towards products from other Member States and protectionism. Various national campaigns of EU Member States that try to raise consumer ethnocentrism are discussed in light of the established case law of the EU Court, thereby highlighting new circumstances, in which the principle of free movement of goods, par

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Berdygulova, Gulmira, and Elay Erbolat. "POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VIEWS IN THE PROCESS OF REGIONAL COOPERATION AND GLOBALIZATION IN CENTRAL ASIA." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 10, no. 2 (2024): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2024.2.59.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the problems of regional cooperation in Central Asia under the conditions of globalization. The word globalization is usually a characteristic rather than an analytical category. Novelty, directions and ideas of the research. In this regard, the article focuses on positive and normative analysis of globalization. Special attention is paid to trade, environment, finance and gender issues. The preferred situation is a global governance structure based on principles of both economic efficiency and social justice; however, the current disrupted globalizati

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Mordovets, Vitaly, Alexandr Grafov, Anatoly Mordovets, and Natalya Ragimova. "Socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region." E3S Web of Conferences 291 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129101006.

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The scientific article is devoted to the research analysis of the features and trends of the socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region in the modern period. The relevance of the study is due to the spread of the Covid-19 coronavirus infection pandemic, which negatively affects the economic security of the regional constituent entities of the Russian Federation, including the Kaliningrad region. The article provides a chronological analysis of the dynamics of the level of socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region. A comparative analysis of the Kaliningrad region with other

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Mwakagali, Mpoki. "International Human Rights Law and Discrimination Protections." Brill Research Perspectives in Comparative Discrimination Law 1, no. 2 (2018): 1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522031-12340002.

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AbstractNon-discrimination is a fundamental principle of international human rights law. This volume discusses the international legal framework on this principle and comparatively elaborates the definition of discrimination as well as the grounds of discrimination in the various general and specialised international human rights treaties, including the International Labour Organisation conventions. The element of special measures as an integral aspect of this principle is also raised. A comparative discussion on the incorporation of international standards on the principle of non-discriminati

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Eich-Born, Marion, and Robert Hassink. "On the Battle between Shipbuilding Regions in Germany and South Korea." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 4 (2005): 635–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37122.

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Over time we can observe a dramatic global shift in shipbuilding activities, from Great Britain to Continental Europe to Japan to South Korea; most recently China is gaining ground. Every transition is accompanied by institutional and political reactions, leading to protectionism and trade conflicts. The most recent of these battles is being fought out between the European Commission, in particular Germany as a major player in this market, and South Korea, which is accused of illegally supporting its shipyards. As state support has traditionally played an important role, both in establishing a

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BOTELHO, José Manuel Macedo, Iveta MIETULE, Hanna PURIY, Irina MAKSYMOVA, and Volodymyr KULISHOV. "ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY STRATEGY FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE SLOWDOWN OF GLOBALIZATION (SLOWBALIZATION)." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY 20, Issue Vol 20, No 2 (2021) (2021): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2021.02.246.

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The article investigates a transition from globalization to its more restricted model called «slow stabilization» or «slowbalization» in the context of the most decisive challenge to economic diplomacy. The authors of this study identify the problems of globalization, outline possible causes and consequences, and consider the option of returning to comprehensive protectionism as a manifestation of the economic diplomacy of national economic systems in the context of globalization and «slowbalization». The novelty of this work is in using economic diplomacy, in the unique pandemic context, as a

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Kobernyk, A. O. "Regional Innovation Ecosystems in Ukraine." Business Inform 7, no. 522 (2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-7-56-61.

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The article substantiates the prerequisites, prospects and advantages of creating an innovation ecosystem at different levels of its formation. The main approaches to defining the essence of the concept of innovation ecosystems in both domestic and foreign specialized literature and their adaptability to the regional level are analyzed and grouped. The harmonious innovation ecosystem is a sign of a progressive society, which is identified by the symbiotic functioning of people and organizations, the result of which is the production of conscious innovations. The author outlines the stages of f

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Iwanowski, Zbiegnew. "Political Shifts in Latin America and the Problems of Relations with the EU." Contemporary Europe 100, no. 7 (2020): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020144154.

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The article explores the economic and social situation in Latin America after the «golden decade» (2003–2013) and political shifts in the region. During the last electoral cycle, the region witnessed a certain political landscape transformation, including the «right drift» on the one hand and the strengthening of the positions of the left forces on the other. Thus, political polarization at the national and regional levels sharply increased, integration blocks have disintegrated or are in crisis. As a result, the region is no longer a «unity in diversity». The author highlights the reasons for

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Lagodiienko, N., N. Turlenko, and O. Alekseychuk. "The need and role of state protectionism in the investment support for the sustainable development of the agro-industrial sectors: national and regional aspects." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 95, no. 2 (2019): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2019-95-2-128-137.

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Bandelj, Nina. "Negotiating Global, Regional, and National Forces: Foreign Investment in Slovenia." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 18, no. 3 (2004): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325404266934.

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The article examines foreign investment in Slovenia to study the interplay between global investment flows, pressures from regional associations, and national protectionist efforts and resistance to foreign ownership. Using content analysis of policies and parliamentary debates, the author investigates how the newly established Slovenian state institutionalizes its attitudes toward the participation of foreigners in the national economy in the official policies adopted to regulate foreign investment. With case studies of foreign investment transactions, the author illustrates how foreign inves

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Cho, Jung-Ran, and Chang-Yong Ahn. "An Evaluation of Korea’s Accession to CPTPP in the Era of Economic Security." Korean Academy Of International Commerce 39, no. 3 (2024): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kalc.2024.39.3.63.

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Purpose: This study evaluates the economic security implications of Korea’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Research design, data, and methodology: Through a literature review, this paper examines the international trade environment as characterized by weakening of the multilateral trading system, the expansion of global protectionism, intensified U.S.-China strategic competition, disruptions in global supply chains, and the reconfiguration of supply chains in the Asia-Pacific region. Results: Accession to the CPTPP could contribu

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Lavrikova, Yuliya G., Elena L. Andreeva, and Artem V. Ratner. "Development Factors of Region’s Foreign Economic Activity in the Context of Global Challenges." Economy of Region 17, no. 2 (2021): 688–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-24.

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New global challenges such as COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening of protectionism, production technologies development, digitalisation and energy transition, require reinterpretation of regions’ foreign economic activity (FEA). In this context, the research aims to identify and classify development factors of such activity in regions described in the international scientific literature. We analysed works obtained from international (Scopus and Web of Science) and Russian (Elibrary.ru, journal websites) databases using the search terms “regional foreign economic activity”, “regional export”, “glo

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Lupak, Ruslan L., and Oleh Z. Mykytyn. "Instruments for Strengthening the Foreign Trade Security of Ukraine’s Regions in Wartime Conditions." Business Inform 3, no. 566 (2025): 192–98. https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-3-192-198.

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The article substantiates the relevance of strengthening the external trade security of Ukraine’s regions in wartime conditions, which allows for the stabilization of the overall economic situation in the country, the preservation of strategic trade routes, and the creation of conditions for the efficient adaptation of the regional economy to new global realities. A structural and functional analysis of Ukraine’s State policy in the field of foreign trade under conditions of global changes and martial law has been made. A comprehensive study of the factors affecting the foreign economic activi

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Sishi, Qin, Tang Ji’an, Liu Feng, Shao Shuqian, and Lu Shiying. "Research and Practice of Quantitative Models on The Freedom of Trade Based on AHP-FCE Method: Taking Major Countries in WTO as Examples." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021401048.

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In recent years, protectionism and unilateralism in the field of international trade are increasing. The WTO-centric multilateral trade regime has been hit. By researching the index of trade freedom among countries in international trade, this paper takes five important countries in WTO as an example, and constructs the trade freedom index and the national trade freedom model. The study reviewed and analysed global and regional developments in cross-border trade and investigated five varialbes that impacted the index of trade freedom. Then the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method (FCE) is used

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Kogan, Lawrence A. "Coherent International Trade Policies Hasten, Not Retard, Cloud Computing." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 9 (2012): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012049.

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Amid the apparent global economic slowdown affecting multiple goods and services sectors, including those comprising the broad rubric of ICTs, the availability of ubiquitous multiple broadband and Internet-based cloud offerings continue to present national and regional governments with a significant potential source of current and future local economic growth and job creation possibilities. While governments cognizant of this opportunity have endeavoured to exploit it, they have, however, largely remained cautious in addressing emerging public policy concerns surrounding third country digital

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Перегуда, Ю.А. "ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ВЕКТОРА ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ: НАПРЯМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ". Наукові записки Львівського університету бізнесу та права. Серія економічна. Серія юридична, № 30 (30 вересня 2021): 111–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5809062.

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The development of national socio-economic systems is a multidimensional and multilevel process that contains destabilizing factors, which leads to periodic recurrence of crisis phenomena in the economy. An effective way to protect national socio-economic systems from global instability is to create regional integration systems that regulate public relations in the international political and economic arena. Ukraine, as a developing economy, is objectively interested in developing mutually beneficial economic relations with partner countries. The European Union is a union of independent states

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Wahid, Ratnaria. "Faith in the Balance: ASEAN’s Quest for Religious Freedom Amidst Cultural Diversity." Religion & Human Rights 19, no. 2-3 (2024): 140–60. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10046.

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Abstract This article examines the challenges ASEAN countries face in safeguarding Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) within diverse cultural contexts. Using a qualitative approach, it first reviews international and regional frameworks to explore how ASEAN nations balance FoRB commitments with national sovereignty, revealing tensions between global standards and regional autonomy. It then compares constitutional protections across ASEAN, identifying themes in shared principles and varied implementations. The analysis identifies concerns hampering FoRB, including state religion designations,

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Olawore, Olawale C., Taiwo R. Aiki, Oluwatobi J. Banjo, Victor O. Okoh, and Tunde O. Olafimihan. "The Impact of Tariff Policies on International Trade Relations and Economic Competitiveness: A Comparative Study of Developed and Developing Economies." Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 07 (2025): 253–65. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2025.v09i07.005.

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There has been substantial progress in the international trade sector between 2018 and 2025 for several reasons. These improvements have been made over several years. The primary factors contributing to this crisis were trade conflicts and the implementation of high tariffs by significant countries, especially between the United States and China. These disputes were particularly important as they occurred between the two nations. These disagreements were especially consequential as they transpired between the two nations. In 2018, several long-standing trade agreements were terminated due to a

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Malikova, Olga I., and Dmitry O. Surikov. "Current State and Prospects for Developing Carbon Integration in the Eurasian Space." Public Administration. E-journal (Russia), no. 103, 2024 (April 30, 2024): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu2070-1381-103-2024-71-80.

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The processes of decarbonisation of the world economy, expressed among other things in the increasing use by states of carbon pricing mechanisms and the strengthening of the role of green protectionism in international trade, create certain challenges for the competitiveness of the economies of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries, setting them the task of harmonizing national approaches within the framework of the climate agenda and subsequent carbon integration. This article, based on a comprehensive analysis of the economic and legal aspects of national and supranational climate reg

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Kohut, Ruslan. "Competitiveness of the national economy: essence and factors of formation." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-3-41.

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The social division, organization, and specialization of labor on a national and then international scale has led to the production of economic goods with unique characteristics and trade in them, and the desire for enrichment has caused competition in commodity markets. The processes of globalization and transnationalization of economic relations, the struggle for unevenly distributed and limited resources, have intensified competition between individual producers, corporations, countries, regional associations, and entire nations. As a result, the paradigm of national competitiveness was for

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Ensor, Marisa O., and Amanda J. Reinke. "African Children’s Right to Participate in their Own Protection." International Journal of Children’s Rights 22, no. 1 (2014): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02201003.

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The protection of children confronting adversity has become one of the central priorities of humanitarian interventions worldwide. The array of child-focused rights and protections established by international, regional and national frameworks provides a normative foundation guiding efforts to facilitate the (re)establishment of more secure conditions. Despite a rhetorical acknowledgement of participation as enhancing children’s provision and protection rights, much of children’s rights activism in Africa continues to emphasise a protectionist approach over an empowering one. Furthermore, actu

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Verbina, Vera V. "DIVERSIFICATION OF RUSSIAN EXPORTS: REGIONAL ASPECT." Economy of the North-West: problems and prospects of development 2, no. 69 (2022): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2022-2-78-81.

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The task of overcoming the country’s raw material specialization in international trade is the most important in the current economic situation. For a long time, Russia’s place and role in the world market were determined by the export of energy resources. The deterioration of the situation in the fuel and raw materials markets in recent years, associated with unfavorable price dynamics, the introduction of new principles of energy consumption in Europe and the world, quantitative restrictions on the import of Russian products emphasize the urgency of reforming the export structure of foreign

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Iwanowski, Zbiegnew. "Political Shifts in Latin America and Problems of Relations of the Region with the European Union." Contemporary Europe, no. 100 (December 31, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020162172.

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The article examines the deteriorating economic and social situation in Latin America after the "golden decade" (2003 – 2013) and political shifts in the region. During the last electoral cycle, there was a reformatting of the political landscape, including the "right drift" on one hand and the strengthening of the positions of the left forces on the other. At the same time, political polarization at the national and regional levels sharply increased, integration blocks have disintegrated or are in a state of crisis. As a result, the region is no longer a "unity in diversity". Based on an anal

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Ismailov, Bakhodir. "Implementation Of Corruption Prevention Measures In The Private Sector Of Uzbekistan." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 02, no. 12 (2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue12-07.

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The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country. With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decre

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Scanlon, Zoe. "The art of “not undermining”: possibilities within existing architecture to improve environmental protections in areas beyond national jurisdiction." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 1 (2017): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx209.

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Abstract United Nations General Assembly resolution 69/292 provides that in developing an internationally legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the process should “not undermine” relevant existing legal instruments and frameworks and relevant global, regional, and sectoral bodies. An analysis of the varied interpretations of this ambiguous expression and its surrounding language raises questions about the role envisaged for such existing architecture. This article considers the practice of region

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Fedyk, Mariana. "ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION." Public Management and Policy, no. 1(5) (January 23, 2025): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.70651/3041-2498/2025.1.03.

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Modern integration processes are taking place in the context of a profound transformation of the global economy, where globalization and regionalization complement each other. Since the potential for reducing tariff barriers has been exhausted, it is important to eliminate non-tariff restrictions and harmonize domestic economic policies. An important aspect is the change in the formats of international economic interaction, which is caused by difficulties in implementing free trade rules and increased protectionist measures. The purpose of the study is to analyze economic integration and coope

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Shi, Shaodong. "The 14th Five-year plan and the development of education in China." Asia and Africa Today, no. 5 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020166-4.

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Over the past two years, the world economy has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the processes of globalization and regional international economic integration have faced new challenges, trade protectionism has intensified, international labor migration and international technology exchange have slowed down. Under such conditions, it is difficult to maintain China&apos;s former economic model based on imitation of innovation, cheap and mass labor of average qualification, and orientation towards export of products. China&apos;s response to the current trends and problems

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Vilpišauskas, Ramūnas. "Regional integration in Europe: The analysis of intra-Baltic economic cooperation." Politologija 14, no. 2 (1999): 57–117. https://doi.org/10.15388/polit.1999.2.3.

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The article presents the analysis of the factors accounting for the dynamics of intra-Baltic economic cooperation. Namely, it addresses such questions: to what extent can the EU's policy account for the development of intra-Baltic economic cooperation? Does the role of the EU explain the timing and the forms of the Baltic economic agreements, the successful conclusion of some cooperation schemes, for example, free trade and removal of non-tariff barriers, and the failure of others, namely, the customs union? Or does a satisfactory explanation of the cooperative dynamics among the Baltic States

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Anto I, Marshall. "Maritime Terrorism and Border Threats: Enhancing India's Offshore and Shoreline Protections." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (2025): 146–60. https://doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2025.6108.

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India's vast shoreline, offshore assets, economic interests and blue economy must all be protected and this requires credible maritime security. Being an important entity for international trade, the Indian Ocean is becoming more and more exposed to security risks like smuggling, terrorism, and piracy. Due to these threats to India's offshore oil and gas infrastructure, key shipping routes, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), improved maritime and coastal security is crucial for maintaining regional and national stability. In this article, the dangers of maritime terrorism and other border secu

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Druehl, Craig P. "HMO and Insurance Insolvency: The Benefits and Detriments of a Federal System." American Journal of Law & Medicine 23, no. 4 (1997): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800012028.

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Accompanying its expansive growth over the last fifteen years, the health maintenance organization (HMO) industry transformed from collections of HMOs in local markets into an increasingly national system under the control of centralized corporations. During that time, HMOs established national chains in an effort to capture market share. The move toward nationalization of the HMO industry suggests the need for a critical analysis of the current HMO regulatory structure to determine whether it effectively safeguards the proper functioning of HMOs. As national and regional HMOs compete among th

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Wang, Zeyi. "Economic Characteristics and Asset Allocation in the Context of De-Globalization." Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research 14 (December 23, 2024): 207–14. https://doi.org/10.62051/081fsq56.

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The world's huge economy is often seen as a "whole", and within this huge "whole", there are countless components, the most obvious being is the state, influencing investment strategies and economic behaviors. This article aims to explore key economic characteristics and asset allocation strategies, focusing on family trusts in China amidst this de-globalization trend. The study highlights the necessity for asset allocation to adjust to the evolving economic landscape. To be specific, investors should minimize their dependence on global supply chains and pivot towards localized and regional as

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Perskaya, Victoria V., Dmitry E. Morkovkin, Alexander L. Chupin, Tural N. Mamedov, and Alexandra D. Zvereva. "Transition to Polycentrism and the Transformation of Regional Trade Agreements." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 24, no. 1 (2024): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2024-24-1-126-141.

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Regional trade agreements (RTAs) are important instruments of the world trade system, which have been increasingly developed in recent decades, since they complement the existing World Trade Organization (WTO) and WTO+ agreements and allow taking into account the specificities of regions. The principle of ensuring non-discriminatory trade is the main principle of multilateral trade of the WTO, or in other words, observes the rule of not favoring one trading partner over another. RTAs are, in fact, an exception to this approach, as it is the signatories that enjoy more favorable market access c

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Jain, Monika. "Was India Right in Not Joining RCEP? A Cost–Benefit Analysis." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 77, no. 4 (2021): 542–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749284211047728.

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India dropped out of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)—which included the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Japan and Australia—after negotiating for almost seven years in November 2018 on the grounds of national interest and also that free trade agreements (FTAs) did not amount to free trade and led to more trade diversion than trade creation. The cost and benefit of a regional agreement depend on the amount of trade creation with respect to trade diversion (Panagriya, 2000). This study tries to examine India’s conc

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Garrick, Jessica. "BEYOND LEGAL OSSIFICATION: THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD AND ENDOGENOUS LEGAL MOBILIZATION." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 29, no. 3 (2024): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-29-3-333.

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Despite widespread perceptions of the National Labor Relations Act's (NLRA) waning relevance, recent years have witnessed a surge in charges filed with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). Notably, over the past decade nonunionized workers, not seeking immediate unionization, have increasingly mobilized their Section-7 right to engage in “mutual aid or protection.” Drawing on qualitative interviews and freedom-of-information-act charge data of the NLRB, this study reveals two key findings. First, some regional NLRB officials have strategically redesigned their outreach programs to target

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Hochstetler, Kathryn. "Fading Green? Environmental Politics in the Mercosur Free Trade Agreement." Latin American Politics and Society 45, no. 4 (2003): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00256.x.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of environmental concerns in free trade areas made up entirely of developing countries. It surveys the environmental institutions of Mercosur, the Common Market of South America, and its member states. It also presents a case study of the recently terminated negotiations over a regional environmental legal instrument as an example of collective environmental decisionmaking. The article concludes that all the environmental components of the agreement are weak, and have even been downgraded in recent years. Even so, national environmental protections have i

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