Dissertations / Theses: 'National Archives of Malawi'

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Gausi, Hambani Adamson. "Effects of the brittle national information policy framework on information services in Malawi." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005989.

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The aim of the study was to explore the effects of the absence of an overarching national information policy on information services in Malawi. The objectives of the study were to: find out the effects of the absence of an overarching national information policy on information access in Malawi; establish factors impeding the development of an overarching national information policy in Malawi; find out the extent to which the absence of an overarching policy has affected capacity building in information services in Malawi; and identify the legal and regulatory framework implications of the absence of such a policy in Malawi. The study adopted an exploratory research design. Data were collected using document analysis, observations and in-depth interviews. Eighty-two face-to-face interviews were conducted with policy makers in government, Members of Parliamentary committees on legal and media issues, information scientists, information service providers, academicians, legal experts and information users. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. An interview guide comprising closed and open ended questions was used to interview respondents. Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings of this study may be used by Government in developing relevant national information policies that would enhance free access and utilisation of information. Furthermore the study is significant in identifying factors that may impede the development of a national information policy. The study revealed that Malawi has a brittle national information policy framework for the provision of information services. Malawi doesn’t have an overarching policy framework for the sector and as a result, there is no policy guidance to drive the development of sectoral policies and supporting legislation. Policy development in Malawi is more reactive to issues than systematic and very slow. Consequently, access to and utilization of information is low; capacity building is low in terms of competencies and infrastructure and; the legal and regulatory framework for information services is weak. The study also revealed that factors impeding the development of an overarching national information policy include: motivation for the development of sectoral information policies; lack of an institutional framework to guide the development of policy; lack of finances and technical capacity; lack of sustained political will; level of economic development; existence of overarching government development plans; international trends; and the diverse nature of the information sector. The general recommendation emanating from the findings of the study is that Malawi needs an overarching national information policy which would articulate and address issues regarding access to information, capacity building in terms of skills and infrastructure, and the legal and regulatory framework. Information is a cross-cutting issue requiring an all-encompassing policy. However, specific recommendations from the findings of this study are that government should expedite the development of policies and enactment of relevant pieces of legislation which are not yet in place to enhance free access and utilisation of information and ICTs; government should speed up the introduction of information literacy in the school curriculum starting from primary school level to university; government should develop a library policy to promote the development of school libraries in both primary and secondary schools, and public libraries in all towns, district assemblies and rural growth centres which should be well resourced including Internet facilities; and government should constantly review and harmonise policies and legislation in the information sector so that they are in line with current trends.

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Munthali, Simon Muchina. "Ecological interaction between the introduced and native rock-dwelling cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi National Park, Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005110.

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More than twenty years ago, over twenty species of the rock-dwelling cichlid species (Mbuna) were translocated from the northern Lake Malawi, where they are endemic, to Thumbi West Island, Lake Malawi National Park, in the southern part of Lake Malawi. Among these species, Cynotilapia afra, Pseudotropheus callainos and Pseudotropheus tropheops 'red cheek' are strongly territorial, and have increased substantially in number and are widely distributed, particularly in the three to seven metre depth band of the rocky habitats at the Island of Thumbi West. It is feared that the increase in population density of translocated species (hereafter referred to as introduced species) may be at the expense of ecologically equivalent native species which could be eliminated. In this thesis the following key hypotheses have been tested: (i) that the introduced species having originated from a region of Lake Malawi which is generally poor in nutrients and introduced in an area which is richer in nutrients, would cope better than the native species during periods of nutrient scarcity which occur frequently, often seasonally in oligotrophic lakes, such as Lake Malawi; (ii) that the introduced species are fitter than their ecologically equivalent native species in the acquisition of territorial space in which they breed, feed and seek shelter, and (iii) that introduced and native species coexist by utilizing different microhabitats. Results show that: 1. the introduced species, P. callainos and P. tropheops 'red cheek' may have responded positively to enhanced nutrient availability, as they were found to have better condition factors and fecundity indices at Thumbi West Island than at sites of their origin, in the northern lake Malawi. Cynotilapia afra, P. callainos and P. tropheops 'red cheek' also maximise their life-span fecundity by starting to reproduce at relatively smaller size than the native species with which they overlap in microhabitat requirements. Similarly, their breeding peaks precede the breeding peaks of the native species with which they overlap in microhabitat requirements. Consequently, due to priority residence effects, the offspring of introduced species may have a competitive edge in the use of essential resources, e.g., refuge over the offspring of the native species whose peak-recruitment occurs later in the year. 2. There is an overlap between the introduced and native species in their microhabitat requirements. Consequently, interference competition between them for territorial sites occurs. The choice of optimal territory sites is constrained by the fact that females preferentially mate with males that defend significantly smaller holes, or crevices among the rocks, probably as a means of minimizing egg predation during spawning. 3. The population of territorial males of introduced species seems to grow exponentially, depending on the availability of suitable microhabitats, and an equilibrium between them and males of the native species may be reached. Competition for optimal territory sites seems to intensify, once the carrying capacity in a particular area has been reached, and it is at this stage that some territorial males of the introduced and native species with similar microhabitat requirements, e.g., C. afra and P. zebra, or P. tropheops 'red cheek' and its sibling native species, P. tropheops 'orange chest' displace each other. However, it seems unlikely that any of the native species which were compared with the introduced species would be driven to extinction because: (a) there is a considerable interspecific territory turn-over between the introduced and native species that overlap in microhabitat requirements. (b) Even in situations where some of the native species occur in microhabitats that are not of their preference, they occupy patches of suitable sites and are capable of breeding. (c) It has been suggested that since introduced and native species breed throughout the year and are polygamous and have intraspecifically shared paternity, they are capable of fertilizing many gravid females of their own species. Therefore, the population of native species may not be detrimentally limited by the presence of introduced species. (d) The introduced and native Mbuna species that prefer small rocks coexist in the same microhabitats, partly by feeding at different sites with different intensity and they also feed at different heights in the water column. 4. The following studies have been recommended before any management intervention, such as culling is adopted: (i). interaction between the introduced and native species in the shallow and deep rocky habitats; (ii) space utilization and survivorship of juveniles of the introduced and native species; (iii) laboratory studies to confirm the role of different nutrient regimes on the fecundity of Mbuna; (iv) the possibility of hybridization between the introduced and native species; (v) monitoring of population growth and distribution of the introduced species around Thumbi West Island should continue in order to detect their long-term effects on the native species.

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Chibwana, Atanazio Gabriel. "An assessment of the implementation of the national decentralisation policy in Zomba District Council in Malawi: (2009-2010)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/542.

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This study was aimed at assessing the implementation status of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council in Malawi given the current situation where the council is operating without ward councilors. It also undertook an exploration of factors affecting the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council and made recommendations which can positively contribute to the effective implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council. Using both qualitative and quantitative research design, data for the study was collected using interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study found that the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council during the period under study was unsatisfactory. The major challenges to the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council were largely linked to the absence of councilors in the current council setup, violation of legal instruments governing the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy by the incumbent leadership, lack of political will among the ruling elite to see full implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy, poor performance of structures operating in place of ward and council committees and inadequate finances at the disposal of Zomba District Council. The study concluded that Zomba District Council needed ward councilors to fully implement the National Decentralisation Policy. However the study also observed that it would be impossible to attain the objectives of the decentralization policy if there was no political will on the part of the incumbent leadership to see the National Decentralisation Policy implemented in full at Zomba District Council.

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Chigariro, Dickson. "Collaboration in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives: a case study of the national archives of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3869.

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Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBibl
The study investigated the significance of collaboration in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives at the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) in light of the challenges presented by this heritage resource. An exploration of literature has revealed that managing audio-visuals is not an easy part and most cultural heritage institutions in developing counties have been struggling. The underlying premise is that collaboration ensures efficiency and effectiveness in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives

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Tekfi, Chaffai. "Design of a computer information system for the Algerian National Archives." Thesis, City, University of London, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=uCPhAAAAMAAJ.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University (London, England), 1990.
"DX-95400." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 412-428).

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Tawaf, Mohammed Ali. "L'évolution de la politique d'archivage au Yémen, des origines (années 1960) jusqu'aux évolutions technologiques actuelles." Thesis, Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCP0002.

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Pendant plusieurs siècles, le Yémen n’a pas porté d’intérêt institutionnel à ses archives, étant isolé du monde extérieur à cause de l’occupation ottomane au nord du pays et de l’occupation britannique au sud. Depuis la révolution de 1962, le besoin de disposer d’archives bien organisées et accessibles est apparu et la création du Centre National des Archives en 1991 a permis d’améliorer considérablement la situation. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’intérêt que l’État yéménite a porté au patrimoine archivistique. Elle rappelle l’histoire et le développement de l’archivage dans les ministères et les institutions gouvernementales yéménites depuis la révolution de 1962 jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Elle présente la création des Archives nationales, avec l’aide de partenaires internationaux notamment l’UNESCO et l’ICA, la direction des archives de France et les Archives nationales de Tunisie. Elle explore aussi la façon dont les nouvelles technologies appliquées aux archives permettent aux chercheurs et aux citoyens d’y accéder. Elle présente l’organisation des archives courantes et intermédiaires dans les institutions qui s’est imposée comme un concept et une pratique depuis la création du Centre National des Archives. C’est autour de ses activités et de ses applications qu’ont été élaborées l’observation, l’enquête, la réflexion et certaines propositions. Les problématiques de la thèse s’articulent autour de cinq points : - L’histoire et l’organisation administrative du Yémen- La tradition archivistique au Yémen avant la réunification de 1990- Les origines et le développement du Centre national des archives (CNA)- Les missions, le fonctionnement et l’évaluation du CNA (de 1994 à aujourd’hui)- La fonction archives chez les producteurs (institutions gouvernementales)Les événements survenus au Yémen depuis 2011 ont malheureusement remis en cause toutes ces avancées. Ils ont tari les principales sources de financement de l’État et détruit une partie des fonds et des bâtiments, entraînant une paralysie complète du CNA
For centuries, Yemeni institutions have not shown particular interest in their archives. The country was isolated from the outside world by British colonization in the South and the Ottoman occupation in the North. After the 1962 revolution, however, the need for organized and accessible archives has developed. This led to the creation in 1991 of the National Archives Centre (CNA). The Centre has improved the situation.This thesis aims at studying the interest shown by the Yemeni State in archival heritage. It starts with the history and the development of archives management in the ministries and governmental institutions of Yemen from the 1962 revolution to the current situation.It sheds light on the creation of the National Archives in Yemen and its international partnership with such institutions as UNESCO, ICA, French Directorate of Archives and Tunisian National Archives. It investigates the way new technologies are implemented in order to enable researchers and citizens to access to archives in a country such as Yemen. Moreover, it sheds light on the records management inside the Yemeni institutions. This practical has been commonly implemented since the creation of the National Archives Centre. This Centre has been the focus of this research. Suggestions are given for the development of its activities.Therefore, this thesis main topics are:- the history and administrative organization of Yemen ;- the archival practice and legacy in Yemen until the country’s reunification in 1990 ;- the origins and subsequent development of the National Archives Centre (CNA) ;- the CNA’s goals, functioning and assessment of its activities from 1994 up to nowadays ;- the archival functions in the producing governmental institutions.Events unfolding in Yemen since 2011 have challenged all these advances. The war did not only exhaust State’s funding. Warlike operations have also destroyed holdings and buildings, bringing the CNA to complete paralysis. This dissertation is concluded by an assessment of the archives current situation in Yemen
ملخصلعدة قرون، لم يكن لدى اليمن أي مؤسسة أرشيفية، لأنها معزولة عن العالم الخارجي بسبب الاحتلال في شمال البلاد والاحتلال البريطاني في الجنوب. منذ ثورة 1962 ظهرت الحاجة إلى أرشيفات منظمة تنظيماً جيداً وسهل الوصول إليها، وقد أدى إنشاء المركز الوطني للوثائق (المركز الوطني للأرشيف) عام 1991 إلى تحسين الوضع إلى حد كبير.الهدف من هذه الرسالة هو دراسة اهتمام الدولة اليمنية للتراث الوثائقي والأرشيفي، وتشير الرسالة إلى تاريخ وتطور التوثيق والارشفة في الوزارات والمؤسسات الحكومية اليمنية منذ الثورة من عام 1962 وحتى اليوم. وكذلك تقدم إنشاء المركز الوطني للوثائق بمساعدة الشركاء الدوليين بما في ذلك اليونسكو والمجلس الدولي للأرشيف، إدارة الارشيف الفرنسي والأرشيف الوطني التونسي. وتدرس مدى تطبيق التكنولوجيا الجديدة على الارشيفات التي تمكن الباحثين والموطنين من الوصول إليها. وتعرض تنظيم الارشيف الجاري والوسيط في الوزارات والمؤسسات الحكومية التي ظهرت كمفهوم وممارسة منذ إنشاء المركز الوطني للوثائق. وحول نشاطاتها وتطبيقاتها التي وضعت للمراقبة والمسوحات الوثائقية والرؤية وبعض المقترحات لتنظيم الارشيف الجاري والوسيط. وتستند مشاكل ألأطروحة حول خمس نقاط : - التاريخ التنظيمي للإدارة ونشأت الارشيف في اليمن.- التقاليد الأرشيفية في اليمن قبل الوحدة عام 1990.- تأسيس وتطوير المركز الوطني للوثائق (cna).- مهام ونشاطات وتقييم المركز الوطني للوثائق (من 1994 إلى اليوم).- وظيفة الأرشيف لدى المنتجين للوثائق (المؤسسات الحكومية).وللأسف بأن الاحداث التي وقعت في اليمن منذ عام 2011 غيرت كل هذه التطورات في مجال الارشيف. لهذا جفت وقلت المصادر التمويل الحكومية وكذلك تدمير جزء من مبنى المركز وجزء من الرصيد الوثائقي فروع المركز بعدن وحضرموت وبعض ارشيفات الجهات والوزارات الحكومية، مما أدى الى شلل كامل للمركز الوطني للوثائق.الكلمات المفتاحية اليمن – الأرشيف – محفوظات – إدارة السجلات - تثمين - تشريعات الارشيف – تشريع المحفوظات - لوائح الارشيف - الارشيف العسكري – الأرشيف الجاري – الأرشيف الوسيط – الأرشيف التاريخي - المحفوظات الجارية - المحفوظات الوسيطة - المحفوظات التاريخية - - المركز الوطني للوثائق

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Nyirenda, Cecilia Promise Maliwichi. "The conservation biology of Berberis holstii Engl. in Nyika National Park, Malawi." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1625.

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Biological resources are particularly important in resource-limited countries where utilisation demands challenge conservation efforts. The study focussed on Berberis holstii, a plant resource on high demand in northern Malawi restricted to Nyika National Park. The uses, distribution, habitat characteristics, demography and seed germination requirements of this important species were investigated. Uses were investigated by means of ethnobotanical interviews. The species distribution in the park was mapped employing GIS. Habitats were characterised employing multivariate methods implemented in the programmes PC-ORD and PRIMER. Demographic studies employed matrix projections to characterise representative populations. Finally, laboratory germination trials allowed determination of light, cold stratification and temperature requirements for seed germination. Forty-seven uses were documented. Of these, thirty were medicinal and the rest for income generation. The most common uses included infusion for coughs, malaria, stomachache, sexually transmitted infections and pneumonia. Because roots are employed, whole plants are dug out. This lead to the extinction of five of the recorded 94 sites. Fire periodically kills the aerial part of plants, which then tend to recover through resprouting. The species is restricted to high altitude, open areas on sandy/loamy soils. Despite harvesting and fire, demographic projections showed positive population growth. Population growth rate is more sensitive to mortality of late juvenile stages and early adult stages than it is to demographic transitions and contributions by other stage classes. Germination was higher when seeds were stored for one year, had a prechilling treatment (cold stratification) and were germinated under light at -20°C. Seeds did not lose viability during two years of storage raising prospects for their artificial storage. The study provides important information for the conservation and management of this important African endemic. It highlights some of the difficulties confronted in projecting the population dynamics of species with sporadic simultaneous recruitment and tests the ability of a recently proposed model to determine germination requirements. In a wider context, the study shows that a combination of methodological approaches (ethnobotany, biogeography, demography and germination) allows a more complete understanding of the evolutionary, ecological and social factors that must be taken into account in the conservation of individual species.

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Kaleke, Tamanda Sabina. "Evaluating community participation in the effective management of protected areas : a case study of Lake Malawi National Park." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96789.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lack of collaboration amongst resource user groups in protected areas undermines effective community participation in protected area management. Currently, collaborative approaches are recognised as a planning tool and less of a management tool. However practice reveals that utmost, participatory approaches are recognised in management plans, but fail in the actual implementation. With this study an attempt was made to identify a possible means of enhancing community participation in protected area management by evaluating the extent to which the community of stakeholders in Lake Malawi National Park effectively engage in the management of the protected area. To achieve this aim, the research identified the stakeholders; their relationships with the park; and their relationships with each other. It further evaluated the present level of collaboration on whether it was adequate to enhance community participation in the sustainable management of the park. This research followed a descriptive-qualitative approach because the researcher was interested in exploring wider perceptions of people. It took the form of a case study to allow for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon through understanding the participants‟ point of view in their natural setting. A critical review of related literature and a field research were conducted where data was collected from park documents and seven representatives from three stakeholder groups through the use of semi-structured interviews in English and Chichewa (official and national languages respectively); supported by note taking. The study has four findings. Firstly, that the primary stakeholders were the park authority management, lodge operators and indigenous people (villagers). Secondly, that stakeholders were found to have a special relationship with the park as it provided business opportunities, a source of livelihood, a sense of empowerment, relaxation space and employment. Thirdly, that stakeholders were not satisfied with the level of relationships in the park especially towards park authority management. This is a deviation from the expected in that for a long time relations in the park were seen to be faulted by the indigenous people and especially towards lodge operators, yet in this research, the relationship between these two stakeholder groups were found to be satisfactory. Fourthly, the research found that whilst there were reduced levels of conflict and that stakeholders related as and when need arose, the general level of collaboration was below the community‟s expectation. On a positive note, the findings showed the willingness of the stakeholders to form a representative body which they all felt would be better placed to negotiate decision-making and would improve the level of collaboration and management in the park. Five recommendations followed on how collaboration and stakeholder skills could be improved in the park and some of which include: the speedy facilitation of the registration of an already existing umbrella association; and the formal recognition of tour guides by Government. These issues if critically looked at, will create an environment in which stakeholders are able to collaborate and work as a community in the management of the protected area which is necessary for conservation and sustainability of livelihoods, the park‟s objectives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ŉ Gebrek aan samewerking tussen die gebruikersgroepe van hulpbronne in beskermde gebiede ondermyn doeltreffende gemeenskapsdeelname in die bestuur van hierdie areas. Samewerkingsbenaderings word tans gesien as ŉ beplanningsinstrument eerder as ŉ bestuursinstrument. Die praktyk wys egter dat terwyl deelnemende benaderings herken word in bestuursplanne, dit nie geïmplementeer word nie. In hierdie studie is daar gepoog om moontlike maniere te identifiseer om gemeenskapsdeelname te verbeter in die bestuur van beskermde gebiede deur middel van ŉ evaluering van die mate waartoe die gemeenskap van belanghebbendes in die Malawi Meer Nasionale Park doeltreffend betrokke is in die bestuur van dié beskermde gebied. Om dit te bereik, het die navorsing die belanghebbendes geïdentifiseer, sowel as hulle verhouding tot die park en hulle verhouding met mekaar. Verder is die huidige vlak van samewerking geëvalueer om vas te stel of dit voldoende is om gemeenskapsdeelname te verbeter in die volhoubare bestuur van die park. Die navorsing volg ŉ beskrywende-kwalitatiewe benadering omdat die navorser belanggestel het daarin om die breër persepsies van mense te ondersoek. Dit het die vorm aangeneem van ŉ gevallestudie om sodoende ŉ dieper begrip van die fenomeen te kry deur die deelnemers se oogpunt in hulle natuurlike omgewing te verstaan. ŉ Kritiese oorsig van verwante literatuur en veldwerk is uitgevoer waar data ingesamel is uit parkdokumente en van sewe verteenwoordigers van drie belangegroepe deur die gebruik van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude in Engels en Chichewa (onderskeidelik amptelike en nasionale tale); asook deur die neem van notas. Die studie het vier bevindings opgelewer. Eerstens, die primêre belanghebbendes is die bestuursowerheid van die park, verblyfoperateurs en die inheemse bevolking (dorpsbewoners). Tweedens is daar gevind dat rolspelers ŉ spesiale verhouding het met die park aangesien dit die bron was van sakegeleenthede, inkomste, ŉ gevoel van bemagtiging, ontspanning en werk. Derdens, die rolspelers was nie tevrede met die vlak van verhoudings in die park nie, veral ten opsigte van die bestuursowerheid van die park. Dit is ŉ afwyking van wat verwag word in soverre daar vir ŉ lang ruk gedink is dat verhoudings in die park deur die inheemse bevolking bederf is, veral ten opsigte van verblyfoperateurs. In hierdie studie is daar egter gevind dat verhoudings tussen hierdie twee groepe rolspelers bevredigend is. Vierdens het die navorsing bevind dat hoewel konflik afgeneem het en dat rolspelers met mekaar skakel indien nodig, die algemene vlak van samewerking nie voldoen aan die gemeenskap se verwagtings nie. ŉ Positiewe punt is dat die bevindings wys dat die rolspelers gewillig is om ŉ verteenwoordigende liggaam te stig wat in ŉ beter posisie is om oor besluitneming te onderhandel en wat die vlak van samewerking en bestuur in die park kan verbeter. Vyf aanbevelings het gevolg oor hoe samewerking en die vaardighede van die belanghebbendes in die park verbeter kan word. Waarvan sommige sluit: die spoedige fasilitering van die registrasie van ŉ reeds bestaande oorkoepelende vereniging, en die formele herkenning van toergidse deur die regering. As hierdie kwessies krities beskou word, kan ŉ omgewing geskep word waarbinne belanghebbendes kan saamwerk as ŉ gemeenskap in die bestuur van die beskermde gebied, en dit is nodig vir die bewaring en volhoubaarheid van lewensonderhoud en die park se doelwitte.

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Lusaka, Mwayi. "Culture, History and Politics in Malawi: The Production of National Heritage, 1964-2009." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7438.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This thesis is essentially about how Malawi’s national heritage was constituted, in particular how heritage emerged and how it has changed over time. It largely looks at the period from 1964 to 2009. This is significant period which covers the transition from colonialism to independence; dictatorship and the emergence of multiparty democracy. The study explores the changing governments during this period in relation to how knowledge about Malawi’s pasts were constructed and reconstructed as heritage using different cultural forms: national museums, ethnic festivals, cultural performances, national language, commemorations and memorials (monuments, commemorative days and biographical memory) and the framing of traditions and customs into what is referred to as intangible cultural heritage. The overarching question of the research is what changes were made to national heritage in relation to the changing of governments during this period? In response to this question multiple historical modes of inquiry were used to study and examine the production of different aspects of heritage during this period.

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Anderson, Stephen. "The challenges of digitising heritage collections in South Africa: a case study." Thesis, UWC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3211.

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Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBibl
This dissertation explores the organisational challenges for an archive which is attempting to digitise its collections. While technical, organisational and managerial challenges are discussed, this research focuses particularly on whether the digitisation process alters the power relations within the archive and between the archive and other role players within the South African context. The role-players include the state and the archive’s external management, artefact copyright holders, digitisation vendors and organisations and archive users. More importantly, it examines how the archive responded to the challenges it faced. The research investigates: the rationale for digitising archival collections; who the stakeholders in a digitisation project are, how they relate to each other and what the power relations between them are; the financial implications of digitising, in particular for access to the collections; the risks of digitisation; and the implications of selection of materials for digitisation. The qualitative research uses open-ended, iterative video and audio interviews to provide the data for the case study. The research found that personal connections, serendipity, ad-hoc behaviour, trust, distrust and the fear of exploitation had an impact on the digitisation process, and concluded that the Archive managed to steer a course between competing interests to maintain its integrity.

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India, National Mission for Manuscripts. "Legal and Policy Framework for Promoting Equitable Access to Documentary Heritage: Report Submitted to UNESCO by National Mission for Manuscripts, India." UNESCO, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105516.

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The National Mission for Manuscripts of India, in association with UNESCO, completed a research study to assist in the development of legal and policy framework and protocols for promoting equitable access to documentary heritage, relevant to India and other South Asian countries. Entitled Legal and Policy Framework for Promoting Equitable Access to Documentary Heritage, the study seeks to accurately identify and critically examine the legal and policy framework for promoting equitable access to documentary heritage. The National Mission for Manuscripts is the most important institution in India dealing with bibliographic databases and the conservation and preservation of valuable manuscripts. The study covers the legal and policy framework which envelops the lifecycle of the Mission's work: access to manuscripts, their digitisation and creation of databases. By critically examining the legal rules in the practical context of the Missionâ s work, the research team has put together the first review of an initiative aimed at the protection of Indian traditional knowledge. The study illustrates working patterns of the Mission within the legal and policy framework of the country. It is a helpful sourcebook for understanding South Asian legal and policy framework for accessing documentary heritage collections. While the study does not set out to be the final word on these policy initiatives, it definitely makes significant progress in the policy debate and legal literature in this field. The conclusions presented in the form of draft legal agreements and policy recommendations will, with no doubt, be valuable tools for South Asian countries that share similar legal and policy framework within the sub-region.

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Western, Thomas James. "National phonography : field recording and sound archiving in Postwar Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33113.

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Vast numbers of historical field recordings are currently being digitised and disseminated online; but what are these field recordings-and how do they resonate today? This thesis addresses these questions by listening to the digitisation of recordings made for a number of ethnographic projects that took place in Britain in the early 1950s. Each project shared a set of logics and practices I call national phonography. Recording technologies were invested with the ability to sound and salvage the nation, but this first involved deciding what the nation was, and what it was supposed to sound like. National phonography was an institutional and technological network; behind the encounter between recordist and recorded lies a complex and variegated mess of cultural politics, microphones, mediality, sonic aesthetics, energy policies, commercial interests, and music formats. The thesis is structured around a series of historical case studies. The first study traces the emergence of Britain's field recording moment, connecting it to the waning of empire, and focusing on sonic aspects of the 1951 Festival of Britain and the recording policies of national and international folk music organisations. The second study listens to the founding of a sound archive at the University of Edinburgh, also in 1951, asking how sound was used in constructing Scotland as an object of study, stockpiling the nation through the technologies and ideologies of preservation. The third study tracks how the BBC used fieldwork - particularly through its Folk Music and Dialect Recording Scheme (1952-57) - as part of an effort to secure the aural border. The fourth study tells the story of The Columbia World Library of Folk and Primitive Music, produced by Alan Lomax while based in Britain and released in 1955. Here, recordings were presented in fragments as nations were written onto long-playing records, and the project is discussed as a museum of voice. The final chapter shifts perspective to the online circulation of these field recordings. It asks what an online sound archive is, hearing how recordings compress multiple agencies which continue to unfold on playback, and exploring the archival silences built into sonic productions of nations. Finally, online archives are considered as heritage sites, raising questions about whose nation is produced by national phonography. This thesis brings together perspectives from sound studies and ethnomusicology; and contributes to conversations on the history of ethnomusicology in Europe, the politics of technology, ontologies of sound archives, and theories of recorded sound and musical nationalisms.

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Makoza, Frank. "Power relations among stakeholders in the implementation of national ICT policy: case of Malawi." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25349.

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Purpose: Recent years have seen a growing number of low-income countries formulating and implementing national Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policies with the aim of supporting their socio-economic development agendas. For the majority of these countries, this exercise has been fraught with numerous challenges such as lack of resources; limited support for legal and regulatory frameworks; over-dependence on donors; lack of expertise; lack of implementation strategies; lack of policy championship; and limited participation of stakeholders. Consequently, the intended policy outcomes have not been adequately realised. To mitigate some of the challenges, there have been calls for promotion of more inclusive stakeholders participation in the formulation and implementation of national ICT policies. However, stakeholder participation may not be a silver-bullet to addressing policy implementation challenges since participation itself may be beset with power relations due to differences in beliefs, norms and values of the stakeholders themselves. The study analyses how power relations among stakeholders affect implementation of the national ICT policy. Using the case of Malawi, this study focuses on the implementation of national ICT policy in the context of a developing country. Research methodology: The study was premised in a critical research paradigm and used Critical Social Theory to analyse the interactions and practices of policy stakeholders in the execution of activities for the national ICT policy. The study analyses policy documents and interviews to highlight issues of domination, exclusion and assumptions in the national ICT policy implementation. Key findings: Power relations affected the recruitment and the implementation of the ICT policy. The government controlled the recruitment of stakeholders in the national ICT policy, however, other stakeholders demanded their inclusion in the policy implementation network. The recruitment process resulted in the membership in policy implementation network was elitist. The stakeholders had different interests in the policy and some performed multiple roles in policy implementation activities. The stakeholders mobilised and used different forms of resources to advance their interests in policy implementation activities. The differences in access to resources and capacity to mobilise these resources (legal, financial, information, human capacity) among the stakeholders led to power relations challenges. However, the exercise of power led to the circulation of power among the stakeholders and affected the policy implementation activities such as institutional settings, collaborations among stakeholders, coordination of policy and oversight of the policy. Power relations, to some extent, supported the dominant discourses that shaped the policy implementation to focus on demand perspective of ICTs, including ICT infrastructure initiatives, legal and regulatory frameworks. Value of the study: The study contributions are twofold: First, the study suggests theoretical propositions for explaining power relations among stakeholders in the implementation of national ICT policy; and second, the study makes recommendations for policymakers and actors in Malawi where there is urgent need to address socio-economic challenges and to improve the well-being of citizens using ICTs.

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Oppenheimer, Melanie. "Volunteering the Australian experience /." [Australia] : Melanie Oppenheimer, 2007. http://www.naa.gov.au/Images/oppenheimer-paper-2007_tcm2-9196.pdf.

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Thesis (PhD) - Marketing and International Studies, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008.
"Public lecture for the National Archives of Australia, presented in Canberra ... 15 May 2007."-t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-215).

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Rawlings-Milton, Mary. "Electronic records & The Law: Causing the Federal Records Program to Implode?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27031.

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Administrative programs that govern the day-to-day-management of agencies are founded in law and the federal records management program is no exception. This dissertation explores whether the existing legal framework accommodates the changes occurring in the federal records management program as a result of electronic records and whether the solutions proposed by the University of British Columbia and University of Pittsburgh are viable for the federal records officer. These two universities pioneered the research being done on electronic recordkeeping. The record requirement established under the Federal Records Act is very difficult for agencies to maintain when it comes to electronic records. At the same time, agencies are being pressured to do more work electronically. Most federal records officers are not equipped to meet the dual challenge of maintaining accessibility while also ensuring the records remain authentic. The two approaches for dealing with electronic records, UBC's Diplomatics as implemented with the Department of Defense standard and Pittsburgh's literary warrants, are too complex and difficult. Even if the records managers implemented either of these approaches, they require too much effort on behalf of the record creator for the implementations to be successful. The National Archives can provide advice and guidance to agencies on electronic recordkeeping requirements. However, the success of the records management program depends on the federal agencies because it is a decentralized administrative process. The ability of federal agencies to cope with electronic records is problematic. Therefore, the viability of the federal records management program is problematic.
Ph. D.

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Abbot, Joanne Irene Olive. "Rural subsistence and protected areas : community use of the Miombo woodlands of Lake Malawi National Park." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349603/.

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This study examines the utilisation of miombo woodland by fishing communities in Lake Malawi National Park (LMNP). Combining methodologies from the natural and social sciences, patterns of use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and the impact of harvesting practices on the resource base, are described. The main focus is the commercial and subsistence use of primary woodland resources including: fuelwood, construction materials and grass thatch. Aerial photographic analysis and a quadrat based vegetation survey are used to examine the impact of local utilisation practices on the miombo woodland. Multivariate analyses assess the importance of different environmental variables in explaining the floristic composition of the woodland vegetation. A range of NTFPs are used locally but market surveys indicate that few products are traded outside the villages. A marketing analysis suggests that urban trade is constrained by the low economic value of woodland resources compared to the high cost of rural transport. Specific patterns of collection and use are apparent for each resource. This thesis explores the impact of different harvesting practices on the miombo woodlands. Using household surveys and time allocation, the effects of children on patterns of wood collection and use are examined. The role of daughters in fuelwood collection is discussed in relation to theories of fertility and family size. Furthermore, behavioural ecology approaches are used to examine the decision making in wood collection. This research provides a useful framework for investigating resource use because it combines concurrent studies of village and woodland communities. The quantitative and rigorous approach enables the factors that influence resource use, and their impact, to be defined. This study contributes to theories of conservation and the practice of integrated management of natural resources. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the importance of woodland resources to the subsistence strategies of rural communities within a protected area system.

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Zingano, Chitsanzo Ivy. "Challenges of safeguarding national interest in negotiating private investment contracts in Africa: case study on Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13028.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation seeks to examine how factors like weak and incoherent mining laws, weak governance, transparency and accountability measures, political influence and negotiating power negatively contribute to the negotiation of EDAs in the mining extractive industry of countries that are rich in mineral resources like Malawi. The analysis of these factors is to provide a better understanding why countries like Malawi enter into EDAs on containing terms and conditions that are against their national interest, which in the cases of these contracts are their social and economic development goals. The conclusion of EDAs by countries that want to further their economic development is not reflected in the terms they agree to. Thus the conclusion of these contracts fails to serve the underlying goal, which is to advance social and economic development.

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Msukwa, Amulike Victor. "The potential role of Lake Malawi National Park sanctuary areas for biological control of schistosomiasis and development of a sustainable fishery." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005158.

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The potential role of sanctuary areas for biological control of Schistosomiasis and development of sustainable fisheries was investigated at Cape Maclear, Lake Malawi National Park (LMNP). There has been a recent increase in the incidence of schistosomiasis infection which is a threat to the local community as well as the tourism industry which is the major source of income to LMNP as well as Chembe Village. At the same place there is increasing fishing pressure due to growing human population and declining fish resource. The increase in the incidence of schistosomiasis transmission was attributed in part to over-fishing of the molluscivorous fish which are believed to control the vector snails for schistosomiasis. Four molluscivorous fish species, Trematocranus placodon; Trematocranus microstoma; Mylochromis sphaerodon and Mylochromis anaphyrmus were reported to account for more than 90% of the fishes (by numerical abundance) which feed on the gastropods above 15 metre depth. The gastropod numbers was reported to be highest at 1.5 to 4.5 metre depth. Of the four molluscivores, T. placodon was proposed as a biological control agent for schistosomiasis based upon the previous observations of its feeding habits in artificial conditions. Captive propagation of T. placodon for reintroduction at Cape Maclear in Lake Malawi has been proposed. The present study aimed at providing baseline data required to test the hypotheses that: 1) Over-fishing of the molluscivorous fish has resulted to the increased incidence of schistosomiasis at Cape Maclear. A sub hypothesis to this was that an extension of the LMNP can act as a sanctuary area for the biological control of schistosomiasis by protecting molluscivorous fish which could control schistosomiasis vector snails. 2) A park initially designed to protect the colourful rock dwelling fish and for promotion of tourism may not effectively protect the food fish. To test the first hypothesis, the biology and ecology of T. placodon were investigated with a view to evaluating the effect this species could have on the schistosomiasis vector snail population and hence the control of bilharzia in the lake. The proportions of various gastropod species at Cape Maclear was compared with those found in T. placodon guts. Comparisons of T. placodon abundance and demographic structure inside and outside LMNP were made. To test the second hypothesis, this study investigated the food fish species that use LMNP 100 m protected zone and some basic ecological factors to appreciate the extent to which the adjacent fishery might benefit from their use of the park waters. T. placodon numerical abundance (number of individuals per unit area) ranged from 5.7 to 40.5 /200 m² and it significantly (P< 0.05) varied between sampling sites. Otter Point and Mitande which are inside the park had the lowest abundance as compared to the other three sites; Nguli inside the park; Fisheries and Nchenga outside the park. Two sites in the park, Otter Point and Mitande, had a greater proportion of mature T. placodon individuals than all other sites. The abundance of T. placodon fluctuated significantly from month to month at Nchenga, Nguli and Fisheries (X² test, P<0.0001 for all the three sites) and insignificantly (P>0.05) at Otter Point and Mitande (X² test). T. placodon densities found in the present study corresponded to the peak density of 30 individuals / 200 m² reported in 1986 but did not correspond to that of 1.0 / 200 m² for 1994. There was no evidence to support the previous reports that T. placodon abundance had decreased tremendously from 1986. The reason suggested to account for the discrepancies of T. placodon abundance reported in the present study and other studies was inadequate sampling in the previous studies which did not take into account spatial and temporal variability in T. placodon abundance. The findings reported in this thesis show that there is no need for captive propagation of T. placodon to be reintroduced into the lake at Cape Maclear and that it may prove to be unsuccessful. However, since juvenile T. placodon dominated in abundance at the three sites along the major beach which is outside the park boundaries, it is suggested that the park boundaries be extended to this area so that T. placodon should be protected to allow individuals to grow to bigger size which would be more effective for gastropod control. T. placodon between 60 mm and 80 mm TL fed on benthic insects, phytoplankton and from detritus material. Individuals between 80 mm and 100 mm fed on a mixture of benthic insects, fish scales and small gastropods and at sizes greater than 100 mm individuals specialized feeding on gastropods. Gastropods of five genera were taken and they were: Melanoides , Bulinus, Gabiella, Lanistes and Bellamya. Of these genera Melanoides fonned the greatest part of T. placodon diet. Bulinus was the second most abundant genus but compared to Melanoides its proportion was very small. Of the three Bulinus species taken by T. placodon, B. globosus, is a confirmed vector for Schistosoma haematobium which is prevalent at Cape Maclear. This species was eaten in the least quantities. A comparison ofthe five gastropod proportions in T. placodon diet and in the habitats they occupy showed that Melanoides were taken in proportionately more quantities than Bulinus at most sites. These findings contrasted the previous reports that T. placodon preferred Bulinus to Melanoides. By applying the optimal foraging theory which predicts that an animal species searching for food will go for the type of prey with the highest profitability, it is concluded that the Bulinus cannot be eliminated completely by molluscivores because if their population size falls below a certain level, the fish will switch to other gastropod types. It is concluded that the increase in schistosomiasis may not be necessarily due to overfishing the molluscivorous fish but could be due to the fact that there has been an increase in the proportion of the B. globosus albeit in small numbers which are infected with schistosomiasis parasites. An integrated approach to schistosomiasis control at Cape Maclear comprising vector control, improved water supply, sanitation and health education is suggested since no method can be effective in isolation. Few food fish species were observed to use the park at various times, varying from one species to another with regards to duration, life history stages and abundance. Only a few fish species taken by the adjacent artisanal and commercial fisheries were represented among those observed in the park. This was attributed to the limited diversity of habitat types covered. Only small population size of some species visited the protected area and only part of the life cycle of some species were observed in the park. The use of the park area was seasonal for some species and the protected zone boundaries can be crossed more than once within a day because 100 m distance is just a few minutes swim by fish. Under such circumstances the park cannot function as an effective sanctuary for food fish. An increase of the park size may be a better option to effectively protect the food fish.

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Farrugia, Charles. "The role and organisation of European Union national archives : an application and evolution of the Dresner model." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/6ca12d12-53a7-4de2-9ff6-cd681d20035f.

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This study explores the characteristics of national archive institutions in the EU in the twenty-first century. In so doing it attempts to identify common patterns or trends in the different groupings within the EU. It provides a case study of the development of national archives in the United Kingdom, Finland and Cyprus. It also tests the Performance Culture Maturity Model, developed by Howard Dresner, on the case studies. The study adds to the knowledge about the management hierarchies of EU national archives. It also starts the debate on whether the nature of archival institution under focus needs an ad hoc model to assess its performance. The literature review established that studies focusing on the internal structures of EU national archives are scarce. Data on the application of management models targeted at measuring the internal performance of these institutions, and that allows for a comparative analysis between them, are even scarcer. In order to fill this gap in knowledge a variety of methodologies were used. The investigation relied on a review of current historical literature and theory about the national archive institution, an EU-wide questionnaire aimed at collecting base-line data and views from the members of the national archives community, and interviews with the middle-management of the entities identified for the case studies. The study has built a profile of the nature and organisational structures of national archives in the EU. It has also tested the Dresner methodology on this typology and identified where it can be applied successfully and where not. In so doing, it highlighted certain roles these organisations play that are not adequately represented in the model. The study suggests that adaptations to the model can form the basis of a future study aimed at creating a better yardstick for the performance of EU national archives institutions. It also proposes ground work thinking on what adaptations can be made to the model to render it more applicable to EU national archives.

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Nkhoma, Owen Welosi White. "Nutritional status and cognitive development of primary schoolchildren in Malawi : impact of a national school feeding programme." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646854.

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There is limited and inconclusive literature on the effects of school feeding programmes (SFPs) on nutritional and cognitive status outcomes in developing countries. The overall aim of the study presented in this Thesis has been to generate data for evidence-based policy direction and guidance on the effects of the Malawi government and WFP supported SFP on the nutritional and cognitive status of rural primary school children in Malawi. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine whether the nutritional and cognitive status of children commencing attendance at two schools - one participating and the other not participating in a SFP - were different; to ascertain whether the SFP was making any positive contributions to the cognitive and nutritional status of school children. A critical literature review of studies which have been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa and which were aimed at presenting/exploring the effects of school meals on school children was also completed. Literature search was carried out using MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, and through direct consultation of appropriate on-line scientific journals and reference-citations used in the identified articles. Despite the varying evidence in literature, the review showed that SFPs may have the potential to improve a number of anthropometric, cognitive and scholarly outcomes in nutritionally-disadvantaged schoolchildren. To achieve the project aim, a cohort of entry level (Standard 1) primary school children (n=226) was recruited from two rural Malawian public primary schools (SFP school and non SFP school). Anthropometric measurements and cognitive status testing were carried out at two time points i.e. at the start and at the end of the 2010-2011 school year. At the start of the school year, high prevalence of under nutrition was prevalent in children from both schools and there were no major significant differences in most anthropometric and all cognitive outcomes between the two schools. At the end of the school year, the SFP sub-cohort had made significantly greater progress (relative to the non-SFP cohort) in one cognitive outcome (intra-extra dimensional pre-extra dimensional shift errors) and also showed a significant increase in one anthropometric outcome (mid-upper-arm circumference). It is hoped that the findings of this research study will prove to be a source of valuable information to local and international organisations which are implementing and planning to implement SFPs in Malawi. In particular, it is hoped that the Government of Malawi, through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS, will regard these findings as useful for initiating debate about the effects of SFPs and shaping policy on the same. The high prevalence of stunting and underweight illustrates the magnitude of the general public health problem in school children and hence making this age group worthy considering for purposively designed all inclusive interventions.

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Ngwenya, Reuben Paulos. "Collaborative leadership among security actors to achieve sustainable national security and prosperity in Malawi : a practical framework." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2015. http://ubir.bolton.ac.uk/1039/.

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Collaborative leadership (CL) is a managerial concept that entails full inter-agency coordination in order to achieve enhanced security goals. The problem in Malawi, however, is limited collaboration among security actors (SAs), which has resulted in breakdown of some security issues such as border disputes, illegal migration, internal crime, violent demonstrations, corruption and political intolerance. Using a combination of both in-depth comparative security case studies and surveys of fifteen security organisations and 100 individual respondents, this study examined the effectiveness of CL among SAs for achieving sustainable NS and prosperity (SNS) in Malawi. The empirical findings show that while SAs are working together and making Malawi one of the most peaceful countries in Africa, adoption of CL approach for SNS management is still limited. In turn, these issues have affected economic development of Malawi. Based on the research findings, the study recommends a practical policy framework (PPF) called “NACUSSEPA” which is an inter-agency collaborative model for CL, SNS, and hence prosperity in Malawi. The recommended PPF is rooted in the strategic focus on SNS priorities, promotion of national cultural practices and mind-set change, sharing power, information and training security officers together for effective decision making and establishment of collaborative structures with legal mandate. Others include evaluation measures and parliamentary approval of the practical NS policy framework.

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Engblom, Anna, and August Isacsson. "Poverty reduction through land titling : A study about the economic effects of the Malawi national land policy." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261681.

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Access to land is vital for providing our basic needs. According to earlier research, private landtitles are a prerequisite for secure land rights and are vital for enabling sustainable economicgrowth and poverty reduction. In Malawi, where a majority of the land is customary, newlaws have been enacted, but not yet implemented. The new laws allow registration ofcustomary land into private land, i.e. land titling. This bachelor thesis investigates the possibleeconomic effects of land titling in Malawi based on earlier research and on the views ofMalawian stakeholders. It was found that the World Bank states that land titling will lead toincreased investments and improved productivity; increased credits access with lowerinterest rate; increased liquidity on transaction markets; increased access to rental market;increased mobility; increased gender equality and decentralization of power. Even though thecultural practices in Malawi partly collide with the privatization of customary land, thestakeholders generally agree with the effects described by the World Bank. It is difficult topredict the effects of the new laws as it depends on various factors. However, land titling willsurely lead to increased tenure security, which inherently is valuable for the landowners.
Tillgång till mark är nödvändigt för att kunna tillgodose våra grundläggande behov. Säkradäganderätt i form av ett landägarbevis är grundläggande för att möjliggöra ekonomisk tillväxtoch fattigdomsbekämpning. I Malawi är endast en minoritet av marken registrerad. Denstörsta andelen mark nyttjas gemensamt av bybor. På initiativ av Världsbanken har Malawiskamyndigheter tagit fram nya land lagar som ännu inte implementeras. De nya lagarnamöjliggör att genom registrering omvandla den mark som nyttjas till byborna till privategendom. Denna studie undersöker vilka ekonomiska effekter som härrör frånlandregistrering i Malawi baserat på tidigare forskning och lokala intressenters kunskap ocherfarenheter. Enligt Världsbanken leder landregistrering i utvecklingsländer till ökadeinvesteringar och ökad produktivitet, ökad kreditgivning med lägre ränta, ökad likviditet påtransaktionsmarknaden, växande hyresmarknad, ökad rörlighet, ökad jämställdhet ochdecentralisering av makt. Trots att de kulturella sedvanorna i Malawi till viss del motverkas avprivatisering av mark, stämmer intressenternas uppfattning överens med de effekter somVärldsbanken beskriver. Det går inte att med säkerhet avgöra vilka ekonomiska effekter somlandregistreringen kommer att resultera i, eftersom att de beror på flera okända faktorer.Landregisteringen kommer dock att säkra äganderätten, vilket i sig är värdefullt för de somnyttjar marken.

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Wyse, Jennifer Lynn. "Teachers' Perceptions of the Construction of National Identity through the Primary School Social Studies Program in Malawi." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32867.

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This study looks at social studies teachers' perceptions of Malawi's national identity as it is promoted through Malawi's primary school social studies education. The following research questions were posed: 1) What are teachersâ perceptions of national identity in Malawi? 2) What are teachersâ perceptions of Malawiâ s primary school social studies curriculum? and 3) What are teachersâ perceptions of the practice of constructing national identity through primary school social studies curriculum in Malawi? The recent revision of Malawi's social studies curriculum allows for a new analysis on the relationship between Western neocolonialism and its affect on the shaping of Malawian national identity, as exampled by Malawi's social studies program. This study will therefore contribute to existing literature regarding the role of social studies education and the construction of national identity as well as the impact the West has on the maintenance of African national identity. Using semi-structured interviews with ten practicing primary school social studies teachers and one social studies curriculum specialist in the Domasi district, Southern Region of Malawi, I found that Malawi's social studies currciulum is promoting Malawian national identity as perceived by the interviewees. However, the interviewees illuminated contextual factors that hinder the implementation of the new curriculum.
Master of Science

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Kunyenje, Gregory. "Influence of external actors on national information and communications technology policy formulation in developing countries: case of Malawi." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30386.

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Problem statement – A national Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy is important towards attainment of socio-economic development of a country. Like other public policies, the formulation and implementation of national ICT policy is a government’s responsibility. In developing countries, the formulation of national ICT policies is mostly influenced by actors who are external to a country. The external influence may affect the soundness of the resulting public ICT policy during a policy making activity and in turn affect the needs of society in a country. There is need, therefore, for research focusing on the effects of the external influence in the formulation of a public ICT policy in Africa. Currently, there is dearth of research in this area. Purpose of the research – This study analysed how the influence of external actors affects the formulation of national ICT policies in Africa by: (1) investigating the engagement between external and local actors, (2) identifying categories of influence of external actors and (3) exploring the link between country context and influence of external actors. A study analysing how the influence of external actors affects the formulation of national ICT policy in developing countries may contribute towards the effectiveness of the public ICT policy that may lead to better management of interaction between internal and external actors. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a critical research approach and drew on Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice as a theoretical lens to examine how the influence of external actors affects the formulation of national ICT policies in developing countries. This was a qualitative study, which used Malawi as a case study. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 respondents who took part in the formulation of the national ICT policy in Malawi. Secondary data for the research were sourced from policy documents and reports from Malawi and from other African countries. Data analysis in the Malawi case applied thematic analysis while content analysis was used for the five comparative case countries. Findings – The study finds that there is little engagement between local and external actors during public ICT policy formulation. The findings also show that the influence of external actors is likely to affect formulation of public ICT policies in poor countries. The external actors use different forms of capital and consequently play roles such as setting a policy agenda and setting policy priorities for a developing country which is contrary to the tradition of external actors providing funding and technical support. Further, the study finds that when external actors set the policy agenda for a country then local actors may adopt content prescribed by the external actors in the resulting policy. Originality/contributions – This thesis makes contributions to knowledge: (1) the use of Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice to explore and explain how the influence of external actors affects the formulation of a national ICT policy; (2) the body of knowledge on national ICT policy formulation research; and (3) the identification of appropriate theories that can inform future research in the formulation of a national ICT policy in Africa

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Setterhall, Veronica. "Digital Deliveries : A comparison between the National Archives in Sweden and the United Kingdom reflecting the challenges for higher archival collaboration within the European Union." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-581.

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The European Union has lead to higher collaboration between the European countries, more exchange of information and a tendency to centralize more political decisions. There is also a tendency to try to create legislations that are more similar in each nation.

This paper aims at giving an idea about the challenges that the nations might meet when working towards higher archival collaboration within the European Union. The report by the European Commission “Report on archives in the enlarged European Union - Increased archival collaboration in Europe: action plan” from 2005 states that there is a need for higher European collaboration within the field of archives. The goal is to create a gateway for the citizens to have easy access to archival information from the different member states.

There are some obstacles for this to easily work. To start with the member nations have different cultural traditions and legislations when it comes to freedom of information. It has also got to do with technical issues such as which computer systems, file types and structures et c that are allowed.

This paper takes its starting point in the field of digital deliveries to the national archives of Sweden and The United Kingdom. A comparison has been made to show the difference of how these countries proceed with their archival work to give an idea about how these differences can affect the wish for higher collaboration within the European Union.

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Garreau, Laurent Sébastien. "La censure des films en France de 1945 à 1975 à partir des archives du Centre national de la cinématographie." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010545.

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L'histoire de la commission de contrôle des films en France reflète les évolutions de notre société depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les sources utilisées pour écrire cette histoire (1945-1975) proviennent d'archives inédites que nous avons été le premier à pouvoir explorer. Leur consultation nous a permis de découvrir les multiples facettes de la censure cinématographique et de préciser les points de vue moraux et politiques d'une administration toujours en alerte sur le contenu des films produits dans le pays. Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la fascination des citoyens français pour le grand écran inspire aux pouvoirs publics le souci d'exprimer les sentiments collectifs d'espoir et d'anxiété qui touchent à la signification de ce qu'est « être français» dans un monde moderne.

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Schad, Elgstrand Oscar. "”Utan sitta på en skarp stengata, här med alla ting, som man skall uppbära dagligen” : En studie om Riksarkivets kansliskrivares levnadsstandard under 1610-1620-tal utifrån Pierre Bourdieus samhällsteori." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Arkivvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31695.

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The purpose of this thesis in Archival Science is to examine what standard of living the civil servants who worked for the Swedish National Archives had in the 1610- and 1620s. The examination is based on Pierre Bourdieus theory of society. The theory views society as a field with distinct social rooms and in each room the agents act to create one’s own capital. Every agent aims to create economical, material, social and cultural capital. Previous research within the field has primarly been about the Swedish state and the secretariat’s progress but the examined agents have been examined to a lesser extent. During the examined period the state chancellor Axel Oxenstierna was a key figure and patron in the Swedish state’s progress and employment of civil servants. The examined agents were born commons thus the oppurtunities were limited and they reached the civil servant employment through the patron-client relationship. Thus the examination aimed to answer two questions, what standard of living the civil servants had and if they were a part of the patron-client relationship. The methodology employed is qualitative. A literature review has been undertaken and qualitative hermeneutics method has been used to examine the texts about the civil servants standard of living. The examination’s first part is a historical background which has showed that the Swedish state and secreterait had an unstable progess during the 1600th-century. When Gustavus Adoplhus became king in 1611 and Axel Oxenstierna state chancellor in 1612 the prerequisites for a stable state and secretariat were founded. As the state became stable the centralization to Stockholm began as well. It is in this historical context the examined civil servants are examined, as the first urban civil servants centralized to Stockholm. As the source material was surveyed typical problems with material preserved about commoners of this time were found. Only one civil servant had enough source material to give enough scientific credibility. His name was Andreas Olai Gerslinus and was employed in the secretariat in 1614 and the Swedish National Archives 1618. The examination has showed that he throughout the whole examined period had a high social and cultural capital. He had relationships with both scholars and men of high nobility. His role as a civil servant of the Swedish National Archives gave him a natural high cultural capital due to the information he possessed. His economical and material capital was low in the 1610s but during the same time he had enough capital to buy two homesteads. The low capital was the results of war and the debt for Älvsborg. During the 1620s his economical capital became reliable and he moved to Åbo in 1623 to pursue a more reputable employment until his death in 1628. This was also common for the civil servants to constantly change social room to be able to build more capital. The second question regarding the patron-client relationship has shown that Andreas Olai Gerslinus was a client for the patron Axel Oxenstierna. The last part of the essay is a concluding discussion about the results gathered during the examination.

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Thindwa, Priscilla. "An Analysis of the Political Dynamics that Influenced the Process of Adopting the 2016 National Land Laws in Malawi: A Gender Perspective." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31256.

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The thesis interrogates how the political dynamics that emerged in the formulation of the 2016 land legislation in Malawi influenced the gendered outcomes. It highlights the complexity of the policymaking process that was shaped by divergent interests and power dynamics of the stakeholders. It argues that although the interests and agenda complicated the process, their discourses were framed and justified their positions within the development and gender equality framework. It highlights the progressive nature of the socio-legal provisions in the legislation by significantly recognising and promoting women’s land rights. It contends that advances in legal institutions are essential; however, for inclusive transformation to be sustainable, changes in social and cultural practices and norms are imperative. This is because Malawian women continue to face exclusion in owning, controlling and accessing land albeit being the major agricultural producers. This is owed to the persistence of patriarchal attitudes in institutions that perpetuate contestation in the public and private spheres of women’s rights to access, own and control over land. Such is persistent particularly within customary laws which remain sites of struggle between traditional leaders’ claims and women’s societal positions. Hence, creating enabling environments for women will allow them to articulate their political voices and agenda and as such influence policy and legal formulation. Through a multi-faceted approach encompassing of legal pluralism, feminist perspectives on gender and development, and the theory of change, the paper discusses the complexity of policymaking that has been shaped by interests and power. For instance, most chiefs contested against their limited powers and the inclusion of women in land administration issues as stipulated in the new Land Laws, while CSOs advocated for the laws to be people-centred, gender-sensitive and responsive to women’s needs. Also, International organisations were interested in ensuring that there is improved land governance framework and its implementation is in line with VGGT. Thus, apparent realities emerge from the analysis of these political dynamics within the adoption of the 2016 Land Laws: the differing stakeholders’ agenda and how they all pressed on advancing their agenda. Nonetheless, gender equality and development discourse was an aspect that was apparent in the debates.

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Nogueira, Marta Maria Gonçalves Bilreiro Fialho. "A difusão cultural no arquivo nacional e arquivos distritais portugueses: exposições documentais (1990-2009)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11882.

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Dissertação de mestrado, Escola de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Évora, 2013
A presente dissertação, intitulada A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: as exposições documentais (1990-2009), visa constituir um contributo para a reflexão teórica sobre uma das funções dos Arquivos, a difusão, especificamente a difusão cultural. Pretende-se aprofundar o seu actual enquadramento teórico e contribuir para o conhecimento da prática desta função no Arquivo Nacional e nos Arquivos distritais e equiparados, com incidência nas exposições documentais. Numa abordagem que parte da ideia de consolidação dos Arquivos enquanto entidades reconhecidas e valorizadas por um público geral, objectivamos um aprofundamento da exposição enquanto meio de difusão do património arquivístico com a identificação de um conjunto de boas práticas para a produção de exposições documentais. O estudo pretende contribuir para o alargamento da reflexão teórica da difusão cultural na Arquivística portuguesa e contribuir para um maior conhecimento da prática dessa função.
This study, entitled Public outreach in the National Archives and Portuguese district archives: exhibitions of documents (1990-2009), is a contribution to a theoretical framework on one of the Archives missions: the public outreach. Our purpose is to deepen their current theoretical framework and contribute to the knowledge of the practice of this mission at the National Archives, district archives and equivalent archives, focusing on exhibitions mainly with documents. Starting from the idea of consolidation of Archives as socially valued entities by the general public, the concept of exhibition as means of outreach of the documental heritage is deepened with the identification of a set of best practices for exhibitions of documents. The study aims to contribute to the enlargement of the theoretical framework of public outreach in Portuguese Archives and contribute to a better understanding of the practice of this mission.

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Poos, Francoise. "The making of a national audio-visual archive : the CNA and the 'Hidden Images' exhibition." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12429.

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This thesis explores the agency and practices of visual material in the construction of collective memory and national identity. It is grounded in the case study of one particular institution, the Centre national de l’audiovisuel (CNA) in Luxembourg, and in the institutional life and transformations of a specific body of images, Luxembourg’s Amateur Film Collection and the exhibition Hidden Images mounted in 2007. The CNA is Luxembourg’s central repository for film, photography and sound documents brought together under the rubric of ‘national heritage’. The amateur film archive comprises today about 10.000 objects from the 1920s to the mid 1970s. Made in Luxembourg or by people from Luxembourg, the movies, and even more so the film stills as a condensed version of the archive, represent the nation, yet as an ensemble they remain contained, making a close examination possible. I consider in this context that images are not however only indexical referents, but also, and especially, bundled objects existing materially in the world, entangled in a complex tissue of social interactions and practices, tensioned between document and art work and interwoven with shifting institutional aspirations. Drawing on the work of Ingold, I characterize this as a meshwork, in which everything is connected and visual objects evolve organically, subject to internal and external influences. Thus, this thesis observes the private family films as they meet and mesh with the public institution CNA where they develop new agency as historical documents, as works of art or triggers of collective memory. It explores the filmed material in relation to the national and institutional politics of the CNA’s emergence, the shifting culture of curatorial intention and ambition for the collection, the hierarchies of information within CNA. By making visible the lines, the connections and the nodes of this meshwork, as well as its patterns of disruption and fracture, this study highlights the varying interactions with Luxembourg’s Amateur Film Collection in particular, and, more generally, the performative nature of family photographs and films as they are used to construct images of nationality. The small scale of Luxembourg as a nation-state presents a demonstrable case study of the ecology of images in national identity building and makes an unusually grounded contribution to the wider debate about the ways in which images strengthen a sense of belonging, and how archives and museums use photography and film to construct and articulate visions of nationhood.

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Buzzatti, João Vicente Teixeira. "Da máquina erudita à instituição arquivístiva : rupturas e continuidades nas relações entre pesquisa histórica e técnicas de arquivo; o caso da reforma administrativa do Arquivo Nacional (1958-1964)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134114.

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A presente dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre as relações entre pesquisa histórica e técnicas de arquivo no âmbito da reforma administrativa do Arquivo Nacional, empreendida por José Honório Rodrigues, no período em que foi diretor da instituição, entre 1958 e 1964. Amparada nos desenvolvimentos teóricos apresentados por Michel Foucault e Michel de Certeau, busca analisar os Regulamentos e Regimentos do Arquivo Nacional, desde 1838 a 1958, e os Relatórios Anuais referentes ao período entre 1958 e 1964, com vistas a problematizar a introdução dos princípios e das práticas da arquivística moderna e as alterações provocadas nas relações entre pesquisa histórica e práticas de arquivo, que redundaram na transformação da finalidade, do modelo institucional e da organização da documentação do Arquivo Nacional. Apresenta uma perspectiva alternativa aos entendimentos que enfatizam a ascensão da arquivística moderna no Brasil somente ao longo da década de 1970, evidenciando as iniciativas, exitosas ou não, de modernizar a instituição e coloca-la na posição central, enquanto órgão normativo e coordenador, do conjunto de órgãos e instituições arquivísticas do país. Conclui, por fim, que, no período abordado, houve uma reorientação na finalidade da instituição, antes dedicada à pesquisa histórica e, a partir de então, à administração pública; a modernização na estrutura institucional e a introdução dos princípios da arquivística moderna na recepção, no tratamento e na organização da documentação custodiada pelo Arquivo Nacional.
This thesis presents a study of the links between historical research and archival techniques under the administrative reform of the National Archives, undertaken by José Honório Rodrigues, in the period when he was director of the institution between 1958 and 1964. Supported in theoretical developments presented by Michel Foucault and Michel de Certeau, seeks to analyze the Rules and Regulations of the National Archives, from 1838-1958, and the annual reports for the period between 1958 and 1964, in order to discuss the introduction of the principles and practices of modern archival and the changes brought about in the relations between historical research and archival practices, which resulted in the transformation of purpose, the institutional model and the organization of the National Archives documentation. Presents an alternative perspective to the discussions that emphasize the rise of modern archival in Brazil only throughout the 1970s, highlighting the initiatives, successful or not, to modernize the institution and place it in the center position, while regulatory agency and engineer, set of organs and archival institutions. Concluded, finally, that in the period approached, there was a shift in the purpose of the institution, before dedicated to historical research and, from then on, public administration; modernizing the institutional framework and the introduction of the principles of modern archival at the reception, treatment and organization of the documentation guarded by the National Archives.

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Neveu, Guillaume. "Surveiller et ficher. La veille sur l'ordre national de l'entre-deux-guerres à travers les archives de renseignement politique de la Seine-Inférieure (76)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR088/document.

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La prolifération contemporaine des techniques de surveillance tend à affirmer l’idée répandue que la nécessité institutionnelle de cumuler du savoir sur les populations serait un phénomène contemporain, ce que le recourt à la démarche socio-historique permet de déconstruire. La recherche menée dans les fonds préfectoraux des Archives Départementales de la Seine-Maritime, complétée par la consultation du « fonds de Moscou » a permis d’inscrire cette recherche au sein d’une étape constructiviste de l’analyse des sociétés de surveillance. Le corpus constitué majoritairement des fichiers de la police spéciale durant l’entre-deux-guerres interroge l’interdépendance entre la notion foucaldienne d’espace de sécurité et celle d’espace public, ou plutôt d’espaces publics. Résultat d’une forme de gouvernement de l’opinion, la veille proactive des espaces publics se développant en marge de l’espace public bourgeois était une nécessité afin de maintenir l’ordre républicain en cas de conflits entre ces espaces – comme ce fut le cas entre les militants des ligues d’extrême droite et de ceux qui se sont ralliés derrière la bannière de l’antifascisme. Un aspect de cette démarche est la régulation d’une parole prolétarienne, instrumentalisée par les acteurs principaux des institutions communistes et syndicales. Des individus suivis en fonction de leur influence sur les masses, de leurs actes, discours et propagandes dont la résultante en termes de jugement policier se fait en fonction de la préservation de la communauté nationale, par la désignation d’un ennemi de l’intérieur, étranger au sein du corps social et susceptible de propager une parole illégitime au sein de la population
The contemporary proliferation of monitoring techniques in people's everyday lives tends to assert the widespread belief that the institutional necessity of accumulating knowledge about populations is a contemporary phenomenon. This pre-notion can be quickly deconstructed by recourse of the historical study, the work carried out during this thesis in the Prefecture funds of the Archives départementales de Seine-Maritime, supplemented by the consultation of the "fonds de Moscou" enables me to register this research within a constructivist step of the analysis of the surveillance societies. The corpus, mainly composed of police spéciale files during the inter-war period, enables us to question the interdependence between the Foucaldian concept of a security space and public sphere, or rather of public spheres. As a result of a form of government of opinion, the proactive observation of public spheres which have developed on the margins of the bourgeois public sphere was a necessity in order to maintain the republican order in case of conflicts between these spheres – as was the case between the militants of the extreme right leagues and those who rallied behind the banner of anti-fascism. Another of the main aspects of this approach is the regulation of a public speech from the proletariat, instrumentalized by the main actors of the communist and trade union institutions. Individuals who are tracked according to their influence on the masses, their acts, speeches and propaganda whose resultd in terms of police judgment is to the preservation of the national community, by the designation of interior enemy, a stranger within society and likely to spread an illegitimate speech within the population

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Nyirenda, Duncan M. C. "An evaluation of the implementation of national curriculum changes in science and mathematics in Malawi with reference to parallel changes in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281857.

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Pratali, Samantha. "Droit et prostitution du XVIIe siècle à nos jours : interactions entre pouvoir national et local : étude à partir des Archives départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0164.

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Cette étude en histoire du droit retrace l’évolution des régimes juridiques de la prostitution de 1684 à 2016 et leur application au niveau local : d’abord en Provence puis dans le département des Bouches-du-Rhône. L’approche diachronique révèle que l’attention portée à la prostitution durant cette période est celle d’un problème finalement toujours posé, dans ses fondements, de la même manière à savoir que la prostitution est un mal, voire un fléau, auquel il faut apporter des réponses politiques et juridiques, morales, sanitaires ou sociales. Malgré cette continuité historique, l’émergence de théories de protection de la personne humaine à la fin du XIXe siècle supplante la traditionnelle protection de l’ordre public entraînant alors une modification de croyance à l’égard de la prostitution. Pour autant, peu importe qu’il s’agisse de la politique prohibitionniste d’Ancien Régime, réglementariste du XIXe siècle ou abolitionniste du XXe, malgré différentes fluctuations, la répression, la régulation, et la protection des prostituées se jouent à l’échelle locale. L’analyse des rapports existants entre l’État et les pouvoirs locaux révèle une autonomie des Bouches-du-Rhône par une résistance aux décisions politiques nationales et internationales durant la IIIe république. Mais faire l’histoire juridique de la prostitution, ce n’est pas seulement s’intéresser aux discours et normes produits par le pouvoir. La thèse tente en dernier lieu d’étudier les prostituées comme sujet de droit et d’accorder une place aux revendications politiques, juridiques et sociales de ce groupe d’individus et leur réception par les organes de pouvoir tant politique, législatif que judiciaire
This research in legal history presents the evolution of the legal status of prostitution from 1684 to 2016 and their application at a local level: first in Provence, then in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. This diachronic approach reveals that the attention paid to prostitution during this period is that of a problem whose foundations are ultimately always questioned in the same fashion, that is to say that prostitution is regarded as an evil, or a scourge, which must be solved through political and legal, moral, health or social responses. Despite this historical continuity, the emergence of human being protection theories at the end of the 19th century superseded the traditional protection of public order, thus leading to a change of belief with regard to prostitution. However, whether one considers the prohibitionist policy of the Ancien Régime, the regulatory policy of the 19th century or the abolitionist policy of the 20th century, and despite various fluctuations, the repression, regulation, and protection of prostitutes are played out on a local scale. The analysis of the existing relationships between the State and local authorities reveals an autonomy of the Bouches-du-Rhône through a resistance to the national and international political decisions of the Third Republic. However, retracing the legal history of prostitution does not only consists in taking an interest in the discourses and norms produced by the authorities. The thesis ultimately attempts to study prostitutes as a subject of law and to provide space for the political, legal and social demands of this group of individuals and their reception by the organs of political, legislative and judicial power

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Nygren, Albin. "Inte bara en jakt på likes : En undersökning av Riksarkivets hantering av Instagram." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386186.

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This thesis analyzes how the Swedish National Archives manages its presence in social media by examining five local sections use of Instagram. By studying different forms of practices in relation to Instagram, the aim of the thesis is to define in what way the Swedish National Archives work with outreach activities on new forms of media platforms, here exemplified with Instagram. The thesis is based on semi-structured interviews with five archivists responsible for handling Instagram, analysis of the National Archives policy documents as well as an analysis of a selection of posts made by local sections of the National Archives on Instagram. The theoretical foundation of the thesis lies in practice theory and is based on an understanding of practice that focuses on statements, actions and rules that together constructs different forms of practices in regard to their context. The analysis of the three sources is a cross-examination of how these different forms of actions contribute to form practices which defines the National Archives use of Instagram. The results of the thesis indicate that the National Archives of Sweden, in line with many other archive institutions, mainly uses social media as a one-way communication form where primarily text-based information is distributed to interested followers. The interactive practices typical of social media is only used to a lesser extent. This is mainly due to the institution’s workload, a view on social media as a lesser form of outreach and several practices related to the national archives public mission as a provider of infor-mation. The findings also indicate that organizations use of social media is based on practices of trial-and-error that creates individual practices of posting material online within the organization.

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Maluke, Rethabile Olive. "Science and technology policies and structures in Southern Africa : a discussion of the concept of national system of innovation with reference to Malawi, Namibia and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50089.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The interface between science and technology and the society has led to the notion of science as a social contract, in which scientists, politicians and the general public are called upon to acknowledge the urgency of using all fields of science and technology to address human needs. Science and technology is used as an instrument of change for a better quality of life and sustainable development for the present and future generations. The object of science and technology policies is to achieve specific development objectives. It is thus imperative to adopt science and technology policies that support the national development strategies. It is also important to set up science and technology structures to facilitate the proper functioning of the science and technology system. Competitiveness constitutes one of the most important challenges facing Southern Africa today. With globalization and the expansion of world trade competition, it has become more difficult for Southern African enterprise to keep up with the pace of technological developments. In the light of these challenges, most countries are driving towards the adoption of a national system of innovation (NSI) to encourage the interaction of policies, research and development, human resource development and industrial development. The study is induced by major science and technology set backs, which are common across countries in Southern Africa namely, poor co-ordination mechanisms, poor science and technology infrastructure and a lack of funding. The study provides background information on the theoretical framework of the concept of NSI. For the research method, a qualitative research design was followed with content analysis of existing documents. Published documents were used to provide information on the three countries, which were used as case studies namely Malawi, Namibia and South Africa. The main focus of the case studies is on the following: an outline of the policy goals of each of the three countries, the concept of the NSI as it is expressed by each of the countries and the science and technology structures in the three countries. The study identified poor co-ordination of science and technology activities as the key problem of all three countries. The structures differ slightly and in particular, the placement of the management of science and technology determines the efficiency of the system. The South African NSI is well established as its network is strengthened by the National Advisory Council for Innovation and the National Research and Development Strategy. Next is Namibia which has a system in place, while Malawi is still at the initial stages of setting up its NS!.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koppelvlak tussen wetenskap en tegnologie en die gemeenskap het gelei tot die siening van wetenskap as 'n sosiale kontrak waarin wetenskaplikes, politici en die algemene publiek versoek word om te erken dat dit nodig geword het om alle vertakkinge van wetenskap en tegnologie aan te wend om menslike nood te verlig. Wetenskap en tegnologie word gebruik as 'n instrument om verandering teweeg te bring ter bevordering van 'n beter kwaliteit lewe en volhoubare ontwikkeling vir die huidige en toekomstige generasies. Die doel van 'n wetenskap en tegnologiebeleid is om spesifieke ontwikkelingsdoelstellings te verwesenlik. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat hierdie beleid in ooreenstemming met die nasionale onwikkelingsstrategieë ontwerp moet word. Dit is ook belangrik om wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in plek te stel wat die effektiewe funksionering van die sisteem kan vergemaklik. Mededingbaarheid is een van die grootste uitdagings wat Suider Afrika tans in die gesig staar. Met globalisering en die uitbreiding van wêreldhandel het dit moeiliker geword vir Suider Afrikaanse ondernemings om in pas te bly met tegnologiese ontwikkeling. In die lig van hierdie uitdagings stuur die meeste lande in die rigting van 'n Nasionale Sisteem vir Innovasie (NSI) om interaksie tussen beleid, navorsing en ontwikkeling, menslike hulpbronontwikkeling en industriële ontwikkeling aan te moedig. Wat aanleiding gegee het tot hierdie studie is die wetenskap en tegnologieprobleme wat algemeen voorkom in die lande in Suider Afrikaanse, naamlik onvoldoende koërdinasie meganismes, swak wetenskap en tegnologie-infrastruktuur en 'n gebrek aan fondse. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gevolg waarin analise van die inhoud van dokumente as navorsingsmetode gebruik is. Die studie verskaf agtergrond-inligting oor die teoretiese raamwerk van die NSI konsep. Gepubliseerde dokumente is gebruik om inligting te verskaf oor die drie lande wat as gevallestudies dien, naamlik Malawi, Namibië en Suid-Afrika. Die hooffokus van die gevallestudies is soos volg: 'n raamwerk van die beleidsdoelstellings van elk van die drie lande, die konsep NSI soos toegepas deur elkeen en die wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in elk van die betrokke lande. Die studie het swak koërdinasie van wetenskap en tegnologie-aktiwiteite as die sleutelprobleem van aldrie lande geïdentifiseer. Die strukture verskil effens van mekaar en veral die plasing van die wetenskap en tegnologiebestuur bepaal die effektiwiteit van die stelsel. Die Suid Afrikaanse NSI is goed gevestig omdat sy netwerk versterk word deur die Nasionale Adviesraad vir Innovasie en die Nasionale Navorsing- en Ontwikkelingstrategie. Volgende is Namibië wat 'n sisteem in plek het, terwyl Malawi nog maar in die beginstadium is van die daarstelling van hul NSI.

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Nogueira, Marta Maria Gonçalves Bilreiro Fialho. "A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: exposições documentais (1990-2009)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4140.

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Dissertação de mestrado, Escola de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Évora, 2013
A presente dissertação, intitulada A difusão cultural no Arquivo Nacional e Arquivos distritais portugueses: as exposições documentais (1990-2009), visa constituir um contributo para a reflexão teórica sobre uma das funções dos Arquivos, a difusão, especificamente a difusão cultural. Pretende-se aprofundar o seu actual enquadramento teórico e contribuir para o conhecimento da prática desta função no Arquivo Nacional e nos Arquivos distritais e equiparados, com incidência nas exposições documentais. Numa abordagem que parte da ideia de consolidação dos Arquivos enquanto entidades reconhecidas e valorizadas por um público geral, objectivamos um aprofundamento da exposição enquanto meio de difusão do património arquivístico com a identificação de um conjunto de boas práticas para a produção de exposições documentais. O estudo pretende contribuir para o alargamento da reflexão teórica da difusão cultural na Arquivística portuguesa e contribuir para um maior conhecimento da prática dessa função.
This study, entitled Public outreach in the National Archives and Portuguese district archives: exhibitions of documents (1990-2009), is a contribution to a theoretical framework on one of the Archives missions: the public outreach. Our purpose is to deepen their current theoretical framework and contribute to the knowledge of the practice of this mission at the National Archives, district archives and equivalent archives, focusing on exhibitions mainly with documents. Starting from the idea of consolidation of Archives as socially valued entities by the general public, the concept of exhibition as means of outreach of the documental heritage is deepened with the identification of a set of best practices for exhibitions of documents. The study aims to contribute to the enlargement of the theoretical framework of public outreach in Portuguese Archives and contribute to a better understanding of the practice of this mission.

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Brandt, Zippy. "Ordningsprinciper, informationsbehov och politisk makt : En arkivvetenskaplig fallstudie av arkivförteckningar i det kungliga kansliarkivet cirka 1540–1878." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295248.

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The aim of this one-year master thesis was to examine the principles of arrangement used by the Swedish Royal Office archive from about 1540-1878, and how the principles of arrangement have corresponded with the information needs of that rules the Swedish Royal Office archive. The following theoretical premises were important: Berndt Fredriksson's empirical archival science, JBLD Strömberg's concepts of archive systems and Randolph C. Head's concepts of mirroring. Two questions have been examined. What connections is there between the major reorganizations of the Swedish Royal Office archive, the process for governance of Sweden / the Royal Office, access to / control over archival documents, information needs, the political situation, and changes in how the archive was arranged and inventoried. What sources of inspiration have those responsible for the reorganizations had regarding the reorganizations? My source material consisted primarily of archival inventories. In this inquiry I have used a case study in which document and literature studies were conducted. During this study I have discovered that several principles of arrangement was in use simultaneously during the examined time period. This suggests either that older ideas regarding inventory labor were present at the same time and influenced the inventory labor or that the "archivist" during this time period had great freedom to choose between different principles of arrangement. Arrangement by geographic location were used during the entire time period. The archival inventories arranged by this principle has evolved from larger descriptions over geographic places to titles in Latin over countries. It also seems likely that the countries of this archival inventories represented Sweden's foreign relations. Mirroring has been detected between the reasons for the reorganizations, major political conflicts internally and externally, changes in the governance process, the user groups of the archive, the information needs and archival inventories. Mirroring has also occurred between the principles of arrangement and information access and needs. There are several available sources of inspiration to the reorganizations and hence the principles of arrangement.

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Gondwe, Mtendere. "International principles and methods employed by National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) as a means of promoting and protecting human rights, a case study of the Malawi Human Rights Commission (MHRC)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20806.

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This study generally focuses on the important role that National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) play in promoting and protecting human rights at the domestic level, hence the need for NHRIs to be effective and efficient in the discharge of their mandate. One way of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of a NHRIs is by ensuring that it adheres to international principles and methods of promoting and protecting human rights as well as by adopting best practices from other NHRIs. The study therefore traces the evolution of NHRIs and their recognition at the international level. It also analyses the different forms in which NHRIs exist and discusses the recommended international principles and standards that act as core minimum in terms of a NHRI's mandate, methods of operation, composition and other guarantees of independence. Due to the fact that states have a wide discretion to devise appropriate means of applying the core minimum principles, this study also presents several best practices from different NHRIs in their implementation of the international principles and standards. Particular attention has been directed at the Malawi Human Rights Commission (MHRC) by assessing whether the MHRC adheres to the international principles and standards in its operations, and to consider whether it could advance human rights better by improving its working methods.

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40

Ali, Bou Harfouche Hasna. "Chroniques libanaises. Étude des mécanismes de la mémoire (1914-2014)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040205.

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La littérature moderne ne cesse de puiser dans l’Histoire, notamment du XXe siècle, avec toutes les mutations qui l’ont traversée. Certes, le retour du récit après la rupture causée par le Nouveau Roman, s’impose avec la publication de la somme philosophique de Ricoeur, Temps et récit (1983-1984), « qui montre les limites d’une analyse structurale et rappelle la fonction anthropologique majeure de l’activité narrative ». En effet, les écrivains contemporains en quête d’identité, reconnaissent la nécessité de revoir le contexte historique de chaque période de leur vie ou de la vie des autres. Il est intéressant, dans cette perspective, de remarquer les récits retraçant l’Histoire du Liban, à partir du début de la Première Guerre Mondiale, date où des voix libanaises s’élèvent pour demander que le Liban soit éventuellement placé sous la protection française. Le cas de la chronique libanaise est un cas particulier parce qu’on attend depuis 2001 la mise en œuvre d’un livre d’Histoire agréé au Liban. Cette étude insiste avant tout sur la convivialité, l’unité du pays, et la meilleure compréhension de l’autre et cherche à travers la littérature, à trouver un terrain d’entente. Les textes d’écrivains libanais, de Salah Stétié, d’Amin Maalouf, d’Alexandre Najjar, de Jacqueline Massabki, et d’écrivains français comme Sorj Chalandon et Richard Millet, permettent de cerner l’Histoire libanaise de différents angles de vue. Loin de prétendre redresser tel quel le passé du Liban, ces écrivains en font la base de leur narration
Modern literature continues to get inspiration from History, especially from the history of the twentieth century, with all the changes that marked it. Certainly, the return of the narrative after the rupture caused by the New Roman (Nouveau Roman), is highlighted with the publication of the philosophical sum of Paul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative (1983-1984), "which draws the limits of a structural analysis and recalls the major anthropological function of narrative activity ". Indeed, contemporary writers in search of identity recognize the need to review the historical context of each period of their lives or the lives of others. Thus, autobiography, as well as biography of others, is inseparable from history. The case of the Lebanese chronicle is exceptional, especially in the shadow of the controversy over the implementation of a unified book of History in Lebanon. This has been the case since 2001 and each party privileges his own version of history. This study emphasizes first of all the value of conviviality, the unity of the country, and the better understanding of the other and seeks, through literature, to find common ground. And to understand and live lucidly, one must face, according to Nietzsche, the tragic, even fate, this "dose of coldness, lucidity, hardness". Lebanese French-speaking writers and readers share the will to understand the past that haunts their destiny and to grasp the evolution of time. It is therefore remarkable to see the Lebanese history rising through a bouquet of observations, testimonies, comments and questions.The texts of Lebanese writers Salah Stétié, Amin Maalouf, Alexandre Najjar, Jacqueline Massabki, and French writers like Sorj Chalandon and Richard Millet, help to identify the Lebanese history of different angles of view. Far from pretending to correct Lebanon's past as such, these writers make it the platform of their narrative

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Chilemba, Enoch MacDonnell. "The national implementation of international human rights law pertaining to children with disabilities in selected jurisdictions in Africa." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3775.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
This thesis considers two jurisdictions, namely Malawi and South Africa, and attributes the problem to the lack of appropriate national implementation of the applicable human rights law by these states. Consequently, the study is based on the underlying assumption that one of the main ways of addressing this problem is for African states to undertake measures that comply with international standards for ensuring the appropriate national implementation of the applicable international human rights law.

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42

Liu, Jing Lian. "A study of the judicature and legal system in the middle of the Qing Dynasty based on the legal cases from the Chinese documents in the National Archives of the Torre de Tombo." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636586.

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43

Bandeira, Aline Alves. "A lei de arquivos do Brasil e o direito à informação." Instituto de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18661.

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Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-08T19:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALINE ALVES BANDEIRA.pdf: 1410185 bytes, checksum: 4ef5c08d6a674fd98037967d01a6f659 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T20:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALINE ALVES BANDEIRA.pdf: 1410185 bytes, checksum: 4ef5c08d6a674fd98037967d01a6f659 (MD5)
O direito à informação encontra-se assegurado na Constituição Federal vigente no Brasil. A Lei de Arquivos e as suas regulamentações dispõem sobre o direito à informação a ser exercitado pelo indivíduo e pela população em geral. Ao Estado cabe a obrigação de disponibilizar informações contida em arquivos mantidos pelo poder público. A presente pesquisa procurou estabelecer um estudo conjunto da Ciência da Informação, do Direito e da Arquivística no sentido de aferir se a regulamentação que se tem produzido em relação ao direito à informação consagrado na CF-88 impede a aplicação ou cumprimento desse direito. Tem-se como recorte da pesquisa os Poderes Executivo Federal e Legislativo Federal, durante o período de 05/10/1988 (data da publicação da atual Constituição Federal Brasileira) a 31/12/2005. Houve a abordagem da accountability como elemento significativo para a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática, haja vista que o Estado que mantém aberto o canal comunicacional com o seu povo promove a legitimidade administrativa. Entretanto, no que concerne à realidade brasileira há um grande hiato entre a mencionada transparência governamental e a disponibilização de informações acerca da gestão pública pelos agentes políticos e governamentais. Faz-se alusão à necessidade de o ator social conhecer o seu direito à informação contida em arquivos dos poderes públicos, bem como conhecer os instrumentos de defesa dos seus direitos, pois o conteúdo informacional para agregar valor ao agente receptor, há de ser inteligível, socializando-se o conhecimento.
The right to information is assured in the Federal Constitution in force at present in Brazil. The Law on Archives and its regulation dispose on the right to information to be exercised by the individual and the population in general. The State has the obligation to make information available to the votting public and, in turn, a person has the authority to acess information contained in archives held within the public domain. The present research sought to set up a joint study group on Information Science, the Law and Archives to gauge the extent to wich the regulation that has been produced in relation to the right to information enshrined in CF-88actually impedes the application of execution of that right. The research focuses on Executive and Legislative Federal Powers, covering the period from 05/10/88(the publication of current Brazilian Federal Constitution)to 31/12/2005. The approach used was what of accountability in the sense of building of a more democratic society; in that, the State that maintains open a channel of communication with its people promotes administrative ligitimacy. However, what is of concem about Brazilian reality at present is that there is a big gap between the above-mentioned government transparency and the information made available concerning public administration by the political and government agents.The study refers to the need for the social actor to know theis rights of acess to information contained in archives kept by the State - as well as to know how to act in defense of their rights-because in order for informative content to be of value to the receiving agent it must be intelligble, becoming socialized knowledge.

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Saurombe, Nampombe Pearson. "Public programming of public archives in the East and Southern Africa regional branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA):." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20084.

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Public programming initiatives are considered as an integral part of archival operations because they support greater use of archival records. This study investigated public programming practises in the ESARBICA region. The findings of the study were determined after applying methodological triangulation, within a quantitative research context. This included the use of self-administered questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and the analysis of documents and websites. Participants in this study were ESARBICA board members, Directors of the National Archives and archivists from the ESARBICA region. Nine (69.2%) national directors representing different member states completed the questionnaire and eight archivists from the same region were interviewed. Furthermore, three ESARBICA board members were also interviwed. Legislation and country reports from ESARBICA member states were reviewed, together with websites of institutions within the ESARBICA region that offered archival education and training. Findings of the study indicated that public programming initiatives were not a priority. Reasons for this included lack of public programming policies, budgetary constraints, shortage of staff and lack of transport. Furthermore, the national archives were reluctant to rope in technology to promote their archives. Collaboration efforts with regard to promoting archives were shallow. Moreover, the investigation of user needs was restricted to existing users of the archives. In addition to all this, the archivists felt that they needed to improve their public programming skills. The study therefore suggests that the national archives of ESARBICA should focus on: legislation, public programming policies, advocacy, users, partnerships and skills. Taking these factors into consideration, an inclusive and integrated public programming framework was developed and proposed as a possible measure for improving public programming efforts in the ESARBICA region.
Information Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

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Huang, Kuan Chun, and Kuan Chun Huang. "National Intellectual Capital of Malawi." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30439613711493761687.

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碩士
義守大學
管理碩博士班
104
Intellectual capital is defined as ‘intellectual material – such as knowledge, information, intellectual property, experience – than can be put to use to create wealth’. The measurement of intellectual capital can be located in the micro (organization) level as well as in the macro (national or regional) level. This is a descriptive study on the intellectual capital of Malawi (Central Africa) where data was collected on the five types of national capital; these include human capital, market capital, process capital, renewal capital and financial capital. The aim of this study is to paint a clearer picture of the conditions regarding Malawi’s intangible assets in the hopes that the research can increase Malawi’s economic growth. Due to the large number of developing countries within Africa, a study that analyzes its national wealth (macro level) and the factors that may affect national competition will be quite important in assisting the decision-making from internal (government) and external (foreign) aid. This research can as well benefit the county’s policy reforms. Policy reforms in any country will impact the economic growth of a country, therefore if we analyze the factors affecting the country’s growth we can find solutions by changing the policy to ensure a competitive advantage. This study uses the research framework and methodology taken from another published work on Intellectual capital with slight modifications due to difficulties encountered during the data collection process. Based on the results of this study, suggestions and limitations of the research are presented to ensure an improved research for the any future research.

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Lin, Lee-Hong, and 林麗虹. "A User Study of National Digital Archives Program Union CatalogA User Study of National Digital Archives Program Union Catalog." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10831296281776228106.

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碩士
佛光大學
資訊學系
95
The purpose of this study is to bring up some suggestions on the future development of the next interface of Union Catalog Program. Through the understanding of the development history and the present condition of Digital Archive in Taiwan and aboard; investigating the user experiences, satisfaction degree and suggestions on using the Union Catalogs Program. For data collection and analysis, research methods applied in this study include literature analysis and Questionnaire survey. Out of 350, the total of 224 completed questionnaires was received. The satisfaction degree, about 80 percent of users are satisfied with each function and introduction of Union Catalog Program. “Thematic Browse” & “Featured Collection” are the most popular browse functions of the seven major functions, which got well reputations. Users are less satisfied with “Temporal Interval Search” and “Spatial Extent Brows”. The “Content, interface and system operation”, and “Convenience of interface operations” left room for future improvement. According to the survey results, several concrete suggestions on the future improvement of the system are brought up, which are categorized into four dimensions as follows: 1. Program Promotion: Enhance the promotion and marketing work of Union Catalog Program to increase its visibility and click-through rate. 2. System Function: Continuously enhance the user-friendly functions, add assistant functions like “Font size control”, “Synonym inquiry” and “Search images by images”, and develop interactive or wiki-like functions. 3. Data quality: Develop data quality control standards to avoid the fragmentary, provide complete collection of data; integrate the collection into digital learning, transform the digital collections to teaching material for teachers’s usage. 4. Site Structure: Create different browse interfaces for different users; provide complete authorized information and a good guide for user.

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Ling, Pao Hua, and 凌寶華. "A Study on National Archives Acquisition Policy in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62484611473652743974.

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碩士
國立政治大學
圖書資訊與檔案學研究所
94
This research is mainly discusses our country to face in the state-operated enterprise privatization process to create the industrial culture property outflow possibly, as well as will organize Fathom in accordance to the future Executive Yuan consolidation of the unit, the archives preservation to face the latent risk and the crisis possibly from now on, will need a set of complete national archives acquisition policy to follow as a means, besides will provide basis of the acquisition work, and may define clearly the file collection subject the order of priority, as well as will control into nature and the quantity of the national archives. In addition, the acquisition work along a prescribed path, systematization's way will carry on for establishment the best directive of our country national archives core collection. This research utilizes “the documentary analysis” and “in-depth interview” to study conducts the research, besides discusses our country national archives appraisal to elect with the shifting strategy, as well as draws up the national archives acquisition policy to take an examination ponders the factor and so on, and to the U.S, British, Australia and Canada four countries to the national archives acquisition work impetus present situation, synthesizes induces and compares. This research take the archives controlling organization (National Archives Administration), the central level institution (Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Interior), the historical archives repositories(Taiwan Historical, National Palace Museum, Institute Modern History research archives Academia Sinica and Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica) and the local authority records management units (Taipei City government, Kaohsiung City government, Chiayi County government records center and Institute of Yilan County Historical) and so on four levels, 13 units as the main interview objects of study. The inquire deeply above unit records management situation, the archive reservation characteristic, preserved present situation and the unit has the permanent preserved value, conforms to the shifting National Archives Administration to become statistics of quantity the national archives, and to national archives viewpoints and the suggestions the acquisition policy formulation, and on our country national archives collection content with the order of priority. In addition, the related national archives regarding the social value, the function view, and aimed at the object of study sampling interview 26 archives users, in order to understood that its archives use experience and to the national archives use demand, the national archives collection content suggestion and the view, did take the time as our country drafts reference of the national archives acquisition policy. According to the findings, this research proposed that six conclusions are: 1. the quality and quantity of national archives are urgently awaits to strengthen; 2. a risk the permanent preserved value archives urgently awaits to transfer; 3. the definition of the national archives has to clarified; 4. our country not yet constructs the national archives at present, is unable to collect the national archives massively; 5. shortage of national archives acquisition policy and affects the national archives quality; 6. the choose of national archives is time-consuming, cuts the archives transfer efficiency. According to the findings, this research proposed that ten suggestions are: 1. schedules the national archives acquisition policy; 2. establishes mechanism of the national archives request substitute management; 3. establishes the standard of national archives examination, substantial national archives collection; 4. accelerates the national archives the collection, meets the populace need; 5. acquisition the national archives to consider linking up of the archives content with the integrity, avoids by the specific subjects; 6. both the national archives and the institution records should define clearly; 7.the important science and technology archives should be included into the national archives acquisition strategy or the plan, satisfies the social populace regarding the technical research expectation; 8. coordinates transfer strategy of the national archives, sets up the national archives appraisal to choose the order of priority; 9. establishes the national archives and as fast as possible handles national archives transferring; 10. strengthens the raise archives professional, by demand in accordance to the national archives acquisition.

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Shiu, Nai-wen, and 許乃文. "Research of Experiential Marketing on National Taiwan University Archives." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77186455361956397095.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
文化創意產業經營學系
99
“Archives should be treated as a living, vigorous entity and must be actually used.“ Given their role as a part of society’s information source system, university archives are facing major new challenges; the question is how to increase archive utilization, and to enable archive materials to fulfill their cultural, educational and social roles. However, some non-profit organizations preferred to focus on “promotion” rather than “marketing,” mainly because they felt that the concept of “marketing” carried with it too strong a connotation of profit-making business activity. In reality, there is no reason why this should be the case. In a non-profit organization, the most important function of marketing is to identify human needs, to serve as a foundation for service provision and to develop services that meet clients’ needs During this process, ideas, services, attitudes, behavior etc. can all have an impact on society; marketing strategy can thus serve as a method for enabling the organization to achieve its mission and live up to its principles. In Taiwan, research on archive usage has mainly focused on the direct use of archive materials; relatively little research has been done on indirect usage. Over the last few years, there has been a gradual process of opening up in Taiwan’s archives, with indirect archive usage through exhibitions, publications, the Internet etc. gradually starting to attract more attention. People who have never actually made direct use of archive materials may have been exposed to them through indirect channels, which in turn can inspire in them a desire to make more use of these materials. The present study focuses on those individuals who make indirect use of the materials held by the National Taiwan University Archives, the study uses the concept of experiential marketing proposed by Bernd H. Schmitt as its theoretical underpinning. A review of the literature on this subject is used to support the design of the research framework. An experiential matrix is used to identify four key experiential factors, which in turn provide the basis for developing research hypotheses and a research model for exploring the relationship between archive user attitudes, perception and behavior. SSI’s LISREL structural equation model is used for verification and path analysis. The results obtained in the present study showed with extensive customization of service provision, the enthusiastic, professional transmission of knowledge can strengthen the positive relationship between archive user awareness and attitudes, while also building user loyalty and ensuring that archive users have a pleasant experience. It is therefore recommended that the National Taiwan University Archives should seek to enhance the quality of archive personnel and the level of service that they provide, strengthen the Archives’ ability to innovate in their provision of basic services, build a diversified educational outreach system, implement ongoing research on archive usage, work to establish an appraisal system for university archives, and integrate the resources of National Taiwan University’s various museums. It is anticipated that by the adoption of this type of strategy the value created by archives can be diversified. And archive materials can be utilized to their full potential, so archives can provide a comprehensive, diversified range of services covering all aspects of archive-related work.

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Chin-Yang, Juan, and 阮清陽. "The Research of Archives Access of the National Police Administration." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30161068325110427984.

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Wang, Yi-chiao, and 王奕喬. "A Study of Public Local Archivists’Perception on the effectiveness of Archives Internet Marketing Strategies of National Archives Administration." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69666067741538792247.

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碩士
世新大學
行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班)
101
The purpose of this study is to discuss the perception of archivists of each county and city government for archives Internet marketing. The main method in this study is Questionnaire survey, and it adopted Likert’s 6 point-scales for study tool. The first part of scale is the variable scale of demographic background and the second part is the 4P strategy scale of Archives Internet Marketing and the scale of brand image. The study utilizes the method of mail questionnaires and invites archivists of each county and city government to conduct questionnaires for the basis of the research statistic and analysis. Overall responses are transferred and processed by SPSS to analyze statistic. The result summarizes the findings of background variable on the differences of the cognition for archives internet marketing and brand image of National Archives Administration and the influence of the 4P strategy of National Archives Administration to brand image. Wherein, stepwise regression analysis indicates the archivists have some positive perception such as network resource content, Internet marketing, and the price impression of the network resource. All of them could predict archivists have positive cognition toward the brand image, functional image, and the prestige of National Archives Administration. The network resource content has the highest predictive value among all. The findings of this study further recommend National Archives Administration some study proposals, and propose the limitation of this study and suggestions of future study.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'National Archives of Malawi'

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