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Journal articles on the topic 'National Archives of Tanzania'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Schneider, Leander. "The Tanzania National Archives." History in Africa 30 (2003): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003326.

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This note aims to provide an overview of the Tanzania National Archives (TNA) system and the records it houses. The system comprises a headquarters in Dar es Salaam and six regional branch offices located in Mbeya, Mwanza, Arusha, Dodoma, Tanga, and Singida. Access to the TNA requires a research permit from the Tanzania Commission for Research and Technology. It is best to apply well in advance. Attaching a letter of recommendation from a contact at the University of Dar es Salaam that comments specifically on the value of the proposed research project to the application can expedite its processing tremendously. Computers may be used in the archives and researchers may ask for specific folios to be photocopied. It is advisable to keep detailed records of requests.The three major groups of materials retained within the TNA system are records from German colonial times (pre-1916/17), the British records (pre-1962), and records from various levels of government and administration of post-independence Tanzania (Tanganyika). Almost all colonial records in the collection are housed at the TNA headquarters, as are most of those post-independence documents that originate from central government and ministerial headquarters. A considerable number of post-1962 records originating from local level government and administration have also been moved to Dar es Salaam.

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2

Smiley, Sarah L. "Researching Housing, Water, and Sanitation in the British and Tanzania National Archives." History in Africa 40, no. 1 (June 19, 2013): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2013.5.

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AbstractThe passage of Britain’s 1940 Colonial Development and Welfare Act increased the levels of funding for social welfare projects such as housing in its colonies and mandates. This state of the archives article provides an overview of holdings on African housing construction in Dar es Salaam found in the British and Tanzania National Archives. It highlights archival records that outline housing research, official development plans, proposed housing schemes, and the actual results of these schemes. It also discusses some unexpectedly relevant files that were found by broadening search terms.

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3

Smiley, Sarah. "Historical Geography Research at the Tanzania National Archives." African Geographical Review 25, no. 1 (January 2006): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2006.9756195.

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4

Seimu, Somo M. L. "THE COLONIAL COFFEE COMPULSION MARKETING POLICIES IN KILIMANJARO, TANZANIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i5.2016.2690.

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This is a historical study that utilises primary evidences from Tanzania National Archives (TNA) to examine the compulsion marketing policies imposed by the Tanzania’s colonial authority among small-scale native coffee producers in the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The policies were provided under Section 36 of the 1932 co-operative legislation. Also, the 1934 Chagga Rule; and the 1937 Native Coffee (Control and Marketing) Ordinance, which became a key and permanent coffee marketing policy in Tanzania that granted the Moshi Native Coffee Board (MNCB) and KNCU monopoly over the native produced coffee.

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5

Pallaver, Karin. "The German Maps at the East Africana Collection, University Library of Dar Es Salaam." History in Africa 33 (2006): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0019.

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The documents originated by the German colonial administration in German East Africa are located in two main archives: the Tanzania National Archives in Dar es Salaam, where they are identified under the name “German Records,” and the Bundesarchiv in Berlin, where they are collected under the classification R 1001. This note aims to provide some general information regarding a part of the German Records, referred to as “German Maps,” which is collected at the University Library of Dar es Salaam.The German Records are a part of the holdings of the Tanzania National Archives, which also include the records of the British administration and various documents of the post-independence period. The German Records are a very well-known source for the history of the German presence in East Africa and they can be divided in two main categories: the documents of the Central Administration, cataloged with the numbers G 1-G 65, and the Private Archives, with the classification G 66-G 86. These records are very well cataloged and easily accessible thanks to the work of archival reorganization done by Peter Geissler between 1967 and 1969. His work was published in 1973 in a two-volume guide with the title Das Deutsch-Ostafrika-Archiv: Inventar der Abteilung “German Records” in Nationalarchiv der vereinigten Republik Tansania, Dar es Salaam. This guide offers a very useful overview of the records of the German colonial administration and is available for consultation in the Reading Room of the Tanzania National Archives. Also available in the Reading Room is a manual catalog which, in some cases, could be helpful in finding some documents that, owing to print errors in the edited catalog, have become difficult to find.

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6

Uche, Chibuike. "The Nationalization of Lonrho’s Business Interests in Postcolonial Tanzania." Itinerario 40, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000097.

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On June 2, 1978, the Tanzanian government under President Julius Nyerere ordered the British multinational corporation, Lonrho Limited, to leave the country. The “official reason” provided for this action was Lonrho’s “continued defiance of the United Nations mandatory sanctions against Rhodesia and the expansion of its business interests in South Africa.” Using newly available materials, mainly from the National Archives London, this paper attempts to document the rise of Lonrho in Tanzania up until the nationalization, the factors that influenced the compensation negotiations process between Lonrho and the Tanzanian government, and the role the British government played in the entire episode.

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Gabriel, Marie-Christin, and Carola Lentz. "Studying National Commemoration and Political Celebrations in Africa: The Online Archive African Independence Days." Africa Bibliography 2019 (2020): vii—xxviii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026667312000001x.

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AbstractThe Department of Anthropology and African Studies (ifeas) at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz hosts a comprehensive archive on African Independence Day celebrations. Created in 2010, the archive is one of the outcomes of a large comparative research project on African national days directed by Carola Lentz. It offers unique insights into practices of as well as debates on national commemoration and political celebrations in Africa. The archive holds more than 28,000 images, including photographs, newspaper articles, documents, and objects from twelve African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, and Tanzania. It primarily consists of an online photo and newspaper archive (https://bildarchiv.uni-mainz.de/AUJ/; https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-ifeas-eng/departmental-archives/online-archive-african-independence-days/); some of the material is also stored in the physical archive on African Independence Days at ifeas as well as in the department's ethnographic collection (https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-ifeas-eng/ethnographic-collection/). Most of the material concerns recent celebrations, but the collection has been complemented by some documentation of earlier festivities. Archives hold many stories while they also have a story to tell in their own right. This article discusses both aspects. It first traces the history of the Online Archive African Independence Days at ifeas. It then provides an overview of the different categories of material stored in the archive and tells a few of the many stories that the photos, texts and objects contain. We hope to demonstrate that the archive holds a wealth of sources that can be mined for studies on national commemoration and political celebrations in Africa, and, more generally, on practices and processes of nation-building and state-making.

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8

Ndenje-Sichalwe, Esther, Patrick Ngulube, and Christine Stilwell. "Managing records as a strategic resource in the government ministries of Tanzania." Information Development 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666911417026.

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In Tanzania, the Records and Archives Management Act of 2002 established the Records and Archives Management Department (RAMD) to provide for the proper administration and better management of public records and archives throughout their life cycle. This article is based on findings from an ongoing study of the government ministries of Tanzania which examines the current state of records management practices in fostering accountability in the implementation of the Public Service Reform Programme (PSRP) in Tanzania. A total of 120 registry personnel, 24 senior ministerial officials and National Archives personnel were involved in the study. The study established that although the introduction of the PSRP had resulted in some efforts in reforming the records management practices in the government ministries, records in the government ministries were not managed a strategic resource. The findings of the study revealed that current records management practices in the government ministries were accorded low priority. The absence of specific budgets allocated to registry sections, lack of support from senior officers, lack of records management policies and low levels of training for registry personnel were among the records management problems in the government ministries. Further, records surveys were conducted irregularly and the majority of government registries lacked records retention and disposition schedules which led to the congestion of records which were also disorganized and poorly managed. In order to manage records as a strategic resource, the article recommends the restructuring of existing records management systems.

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Maaba, Brown Bavusile. "The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements." History in Africa 28 (2001): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172227.

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On 19 September 1998, Professor Sibusiso Bhengu, the South African Minister of Education, officially opened the National Arts and Heritage Cultural Centre (NAHECS) archives at the University of Fort Hare. This archive houses documentation from three former liberation movements: the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, the Azanian People's Organization and the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania. Bhengu, from 1991 to 1994 the first black rector of Fort Hare, had signaled a new era for the university.It was during Bhengu's administration that the university received ANC archival documents, firstly from the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), the ANC school in Tanzania during the exile period between 1978 and 1992, followed by other documents from ANC missions in different parts of the world. The arrival of these sources, which are lodged in the University Library, was followed by the official opening of the ANC archives on 17 March 1996 by Deputy President Thabo Mbeki of behalf of Nelson Mandela. Even before they were officially opened, the university had begun to receive scholars who combed the documents in an effort to reconstruct the history of the exiled liberation movements. Fort Hare historians also utilized the archives.The presence of the ANC archives at Fort Hare seems to have inspired Mbulelo Mzamane, Bhengu's successor as Vice Chancellor, to state that Fort Hare should be a home for all South African liberation movements' archival material. Soon, sources from the three liberation movements were sent to the university and the former Centre for Cultural Studies (CCS), now NAHECS, took charge of the documents. While these papers were being sorted out, a building was being constructed on campus to house the papers.

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10

Bedasse, Monique A. "Rastafari, the Transnational Archive, and Postcolonial Caribbean Intellectual History." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8912816.

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This essay argues for an approach to postcolonial Caribbean intellectual history that moves beyond the national archive to rely on a globally dispersed archive. It uses Rastafari repatriation to Tanzania to highlight the intellectual history of the movement and to demonstrate the extent to which the repatriation created a transnational documentary trail with a set of archival imperatives that renders the national archive insufficient for the reconstruction of postcolonial Caribbean intellectual history.

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Magaya, Charles, and James Lowry. "The National Archives of Tanzania fifty years after Marcia Wright's Report on the government records and public archives of Tanganyika." Comma 2012, no. 1 (January 2012): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2012.1.05.

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12

Abraham, Zephania Saitabau, Enica Richard Massawe, Daudi Ntunaguzi, Aveline Aloyce Kahinga, James Joseph Yahaya, and Siwillis Elizabeth Mithe. "Clinico-pathological profile of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dares Salaam, Tanzania." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192705.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon malignant tumor which has been reported invariably and cases have been encountered in Tanzania. Though rare they are associated with potential morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinico-pathological profile of such neoplasm in our set up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review of 25 cases from hospital archives for 3 consecutive years was done where all patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NPC were recruited. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 25 eligible cases, 15 (60%) were males and 10 (40%) were females. Age range was 15-70 years. The peak age was 30-50 years in males and 50-59 years in females. Highest incidence was in the 5<sup>th</sup> decade. The commonest presenting features were cervical lymphadenopathy (92%) epistaxis (80%), hearing loss (80%) and nasal obstruction (76%) while the least common feature was seizures (4%). Histologically, undifferentiated carcinoma (76%) was the commonest variant while the least common one was differentiated non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (8%). Identifiable risk factors were consumption of salted smoked fish (80%), tobacco use (60%), alcohol intake (52%) and occupational exposure to wood dust (32%). Majority of patients (80%) were diagnosed with advanced stage of the disease (Stage IV).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings from this study correlate with what has been reported elsewhere. Clinicians should have a higher index of suspicion in diagnosing NPC to enable early referral and prompt treatment of such malignant neoplasm.</p>

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13

Balezin, Alexander Stepanovich. "USSR and Zanzibar in the Years of Its Struggle for Independence and Unification with Tanganyika (Based on Archival Sources)." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-54-66.

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Based on documents from the Russian archives - the Archive of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the Russian state archive of modern history, the article examines the relations of the USSR with Zanzibar in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Soviet-Zanzibar relations are examined against the background of a complex period in the history of the island state, which included the stages of inter-party rivalry during the struggle for independence, the Zanzibar revolution itself, and the unification with Tanganyika. The author also draws attention to the ethnic composition of the Zanzibar population in the years before the start of the national liberation movement, the history of the origin of ethnic groups in the archipelago and their traditional relationships. The author examines in detail the composition and political orientation of the parties that took part in the struggle for independence. He also considers the influence of the political spectrum and the international situation of the Cold War period on the decisions of national leaders in choosing a support side for further development. The author also considers actions of two leading actors of the bipolar system, the USSR and the USA, in the struggle for influence on the young national elites of Zanzibar in particular, and then Tanzania as a whole. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the United States actions and its allies to intervene the party struggle within Zanzibar society and the further reaction of the USSR to these steps. He also considers the reasons for the decline in Soviet influence on Zanzibar and the events that led to the closure of the Soviet diplomatic missions. The author points out the ambiguity of Zanzibar and Tanganyika’s unification, which could be perceived as an artificial political act supported by interested global forces than the process of voluntary unification of the two young countries. A number of issues are considered almost for the first time in Russian historiography.

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Cader, C., S. Pelz, A. Radu, and P. Blechinger. "OVERCOMING DATA SCARCITY FOR ENERGY ACCESS PLANNING WITH OPEN DATA – THE EXAMPLE OF TANZANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-23-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is heavily influenced by access to data: Data is necessary to assess the current status quo as well as to measure progress and to find opportune contextualized solutions for development challenges. Specifically, the lack of energy access (as defined in SDG7) is an immense bottleneck for development in Tanzania and considering spatial planning plays a crucial role in locating the most appropriate electrification solution for each site; taking into account not only its inherent characteristics, such as local demand for electricity and economic activities, but also external factors such as the distance to existing energy transmission and distribution infrastructure.</p><p> Data in Tanzania is scarce, and this paper is an attempt to analyze the potential of open data sources to increase data availability to eventually provide improved foundation for decision making and investment flows for electrification planning.</p><p> Results show that data quality of the given sources is sufficient for providing a novel level of disaggregated spatial information which can serve as an additional information stream for all involved stakeholders.</p><p>From both perspectives, with national planning on the one hand and bottom-up initiatives on the other hand, it is important to understand the spatial aspects of any planning scheme to guarantee that a successful implementation phase will follow the planning stage.</p>

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Seimu, Somo M. L. "COFFEE AND COTTON BULK PURCHASE IN TANZANIA, 1939 – 1954." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i4.2016.2766.

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This paper examines bulk purchase of coffee and cotton during the war and post- Second World War period under the long-term contract arrangements as provided under the Defence Ordinance and Orders of 1939, 1940 and 1943 as well as review of various Colonial policies, annual reports, meeting minutes, memoranda and circulars on coffee and production and marketing. Evidence for this topic have been extracted from Tanzania National Archive (TNA) primary sources. It analyses the consequences in employment of administrative machinery, such as the marketing boards, traders and co-operatives in execution the contracts agents on behalf of the British Ministry of Food and Supplies to growers.

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Ngereja, Z. R., E. J. Liwa, and F. Buberwa. "ADOPTION OF GEOSPATIAL GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF E-GOVERMENT IN TANZANIA: ADDRESSING BOTTLENECKS IN SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W8 (July 11, 2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w8-163-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study has developed a framework for adoption of geospatial governance in the context of e-government in Tanzania. After examining the governance of geospatial data, identify factors affecting governance of geospatial data, and proposed a framework that integrates e-governance and e-government. The research was undertaken to examine the understandings of geospatial governance, its challenges and to develop an institutional framework to guide the management of geospatial resources. Using documentary analysis, strategically designed interviews and questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussions, data was collected from a range of spatial data user community. Upon simple analysis of the data the following were the findings: First, the findings revealed that spatial data is not well managed, reused and shared. Second, geospatial data it is not easily and readily available and accessible. Third, there is lack of coordination and collaboration among spatial data users and custodian. The study revealed that coordination and collaboration is very important if a nation wants to utilize effectively the massive amount of data scattered in various organizations. There is an urgent need of having common gateway for spatial data discovery and sharing, and to have a mechanism that ensures spatial data is collected, processed and analyzed with acceptable standards and having metadata. In view of the findings, the study recommends that geospatial governance integration with e-Government is indispensable. The study has come out with the SPOTES framework for geospatial governance in the context of e-government; the Government should adopt the framework and establish the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. This will ensure the institutional set-up for the governance of geospatial data in the country and key players, i.e. the private sector, government institutions, and NGOs should collaborate in data sharing to benefit the country’s sustainable development.</p>

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Melis, M. T., F. Dessì, P. Loddo, C. La Mantia, S. Da Pelo, A. M. Deflorio, G. Ghiglieri, B. T. Hailu, K. Kalegele, and B. N. Mwasi. "FLOWERED-GEODBAPP: AN APPLICATION BASED ON CROWD-GENERATING DATA USING SENTINEL2 IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-121-2017.

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This study is part of the EU H2020 research Project FLOWERED (de-FLuoridation technologies for imprOving quality of WatEr and agRo-animal products along the East African Rift Valley in the context of aDaptation to climate change). FLOWERED project aims to develop technologies and methodologies at cross-boundary catchment scales to manage the risks associated with high Fluoride water supply in Africa, focusing on three representative test areas along the African Rift Valley (i.e. Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), characterized by high fluoride contents in waters and soils, water scarcity, overexploitation of groundwater and high vulnerability to risks arising from climate change, as drought and desertification. It also is empowering local communities to take responsibility for the integrated-sustainability of the natural resources, growing national and international environmental priorities, enhancing transboundary cooperation and promoting local ownership based on a scientific and technological approach. <br><br> Within the FLOWERED project, the transition from the land cover to the land use and water use maps is provided through the development of a mobile application (FLOWERED-GeoDBapp ). It is dedicated to the collection of local geo-information on land use, water uses, irrigation systems, household features, use of drinking water and the other information needful for the specific knowledge of water supply involving local communities through participative approach. This system is structured to be populated, through an action of crowd-generating data by local communities (students and people involved mainly by NGOs). The SHAREGEODBapp is proposed as an innovative tool for water management and agriculture institutions at regional and local level.

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Chuhila, Maxmillian J. "Agrarian Change and Rural Transformation in Tanzania: Ismani, Circa 1940-2010." Utafiti 14, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010001.

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Abstract Farming is a major sector of informal employment for more than 67 per cent of the active labour force in Tanzania. This means farming is of primary importance to the overall economy. Rural transformations and the future of agriculture in Tanzania depend mainly upon improved access to market outlets, guarantees on improved seeds, and availability of farm-loans. These are essential interventions to transform the rural sector despite the challenges it is facing. An overview of government interventions in rural development policy and activity is offered here by focusing on Ismani, part of the present-day Iringa District in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Agrarian change in Ismani through the 1940s to the 1970s depended upon government interventions on the one hand, and changes in the physical environment on the other. Initially during this period, Ismani became a national food granary in the 1970s as a result of government interventions. Then this progress turned upside down in the 1980s, when the development of Ismani took on a new dimension due to a rapid decline in maize productivity. In recent years, especially over the last two decades, Ismani has experienced recurrent food insecurity. Evidence of the drastic change emerges from reliance on archival sources, fieldwork interviews and secondary sources collected in 2012, 2013 and 2017. This paper explores the dynamics of maize farming in Ismani, to provide a detailed historical understanding of how a prosperous maize farming area can become, in the space of only a few years, an area which is now rife with localised food insecurity in many of its villages.

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Donnelly, Brian. "National Archives." Irish Economic and Social History 24, no. 1 (September 1997): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248939702400105.

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Donnelly, Brian. "National Archives." Irish Economic and Social History 31, no. 1 (June 2004): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930403100105.

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Donnelly, Brian. "National Archives." Irish Economic and Social History 29, no. 1 (June 2002): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930202900105.

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Jurkowski, Maureen. "MONASTIC ARCHIVES IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 32, no. 116 (April 2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2007.1.

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Marcellus, Jane. "National Archives Website." American Journalism 31, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2014.936747.

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Smythe, Kathleen R. "The White Father Archives at Mwanza, Tanzania." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172043.

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The White Fathers' (Missionary Society of Africa) Regional House outside Mwanza, Tanzania is the home of a small, but important archival collection for scholars researching those areas in Western Tanzania where the White Fathers lived and worked. The collection is relatively unknown, but for my research (social history with a focus on children) it was a gold mine of information. It also turned out to be the most pleasant archives to work in of all of the ones I consulted during my fieldwork experience.The archives in Mwanza contain some of the same information that can be found in Rome at the White Fathers' headquarters, but provide a cheaper and closer alternative for those already in Tanzania. In the Regional House library are the Rapports Annuels of the mission society from the 1880s to the late 1950s and a full set of Chronique Trimestrielle (which later became Petit Echo). The Reports Annuels contain compilations of statistics (including the number of missionaries, sisters, catechists, neophytes, catechumens, baptisms of various categories, marriages, confessions, confirmations, boys and girls attending school for each mission station), as well as general reports about the nature and progress of the missionaries' work. Having already read the particular mission diaries in Rome, these reports were particularly helpful as they conveniently summarized trends and problems that priests saw in their work. As its name implies, the Chronique Trimestrielle was published four times a year and contained a variety of information about the missions and their work, but a primary focus was education. In addition, the library contains works on the mission society, its founder, Charles Lavigerie, and some important works on the Sukuma people and language.

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Kiyabo, Hamisi K., and Nathan Mnjama. "Managing presidential records and archives in Tanzania." Archives and Manuscripts 40, no. 2 (July 2012): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2012.712828.

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Mwakyoma, Henry A., and Ponsianus T. Tonya2. "ALCIAN BLUE pH;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 06 (December 10, 2014): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.06.2158.

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Background: Alcian blue (AB) is a cationic dye that stains mucins especially acidic mucins into varying shades of blue colour depending on the pH of the dye. GIT comprises of three main portions, fore-, mid- and hind-gut, which develops from different embryological areas. Their epithelial lining presents with varying degree of diversity including their secretions. Studies have shown that there is a tendency of cellular modification (physical and chemical) including secretions during tumour morphogenesis. With recent increase in GIT tumours especially epithelial tumours, Alcian Blue staining of mucins produced by these tumours at different pH more than conventional pH might give valuable information on the property of these tumours. Setting: The study was conducted in the Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy unit, department of Laboratory services, Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Study design: This was a hospital based retrospective study, in which archival data and blocks were retrieved. Objective: To determine the effect of pH and pattern of Alcian blue staining on primary GIT epithelial tumours tumours. Materials and Methods: Information on patients were obtained from cancer registry and patient files. Paraffin blocks were retrieved from archive, sections were cut using rotary microtome at 3μm (SAKURA). Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and AB staining at pH 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 was done for each case and control. H&E slides were reviewed for confirmation of the diagnosis primary epithelial tumours and AB stained slides were evaluated for staining reaction and graded. Results: Out of 87 GIT primary epithelial tumours which were evaluated, AB staining was positive in 21 (24.1%) cases, the majority of these (11 (52.4%)) were from hindgut. Positive AB staining of GIT epithelial tumours increased as the tumour became more differentiated irrespective of location. Majority of tumours with positive AB staining was observed at pH 2 in GIT epithelial tumours as opposed to the conventional pH of 1 and 2.5 respectively. Conclusions and recommendation: The majority of primary GIT epithelial tumours stained positively at pH 2 irrespective of the location. However tumour differentiation influenced AB staining whereby well-differentiated tumours were mostly positively stained. It is recommended that AB at pH 2 should be applied when staining GIT epithelial tumours rather than conventional pH of 1 and 2.5. However the degree of differentiation should be considered since poorly differentiated tumours are likely to give negative results with AB staining.

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Polizzi, Kristina. "National Archives - Native Americans." Reference Reviews 32, no. 6 (August 20, 2018): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-02-2018-0036.

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Bjerk, Paul. "African Files in Portuguese Archives." History in Africa 31 (2004): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003624.

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When I first mentioned to David Henige my plan to go to Portugal to do some archival research, he expressed the hope that it would be a somewhat more welcoming atmosphere than he had encountered in 1971, with armed soldiers patrolling the grounds. Indeed it was. I spent three weeks in Lisbon doing archival research in modern African history, with a specific interest in Tanzania. The Arquivo Histórico Diplomàtico (AHD) and the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU) both proved to be rich archival sources kept by accessible and friendly staff.This paper is a brief and informal review of my research in the archives. Unfortunately, I did not survey the holdings of either of the archives I used, so I cannot speak to their scope, but the files on Africa are vast. The AHU, for example, claims over 6000 meters of documents, and not just for Portuguese colonies. They include materials dating to the sixteenth century and extensive intelligence and diplomatic materials for the twentieth century. I hope that this paper will give interested researchers a sense of the type of material available.In going to Portugal, I had the goal of finding out what archival material existed in Lisbon concerning relations between Portugal and Tanzania. Portuguese-Tanzanian relations were largely formed through the encounter over Mozambique. When Tanzania gained independence, it began to support the Mozambican liberation movements, which was very upsetting to Portugal, especially in the context of the Cold War. The Portuguese archives proved very fruitful. I found hundreds of documents that were of great interest, including documents relating directly to my dissertation topic dealing with a diplomatic incident concerning some forged letters that implicated Portugal in a plot to overthrow the Tanzanian government.

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Cox, Richard. "The National Archives Reclassification Scandal." Records & Information Management Report 22, no. 9 (November 1, 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rim1096-9624220900.

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Sparrow, Bartholomew H. "Access to the National Archives." PS: Political Science and Politics 22, no. 4 (December 1989): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419481.

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31

Widder, Agnes Haigh. "Women in the National Archives." Charleston Advisor 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.12.2.51.

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Sparrow, Bartholomew H. "Access to the National Archives." PS: Political Science & Politics 22, no. 04 (December 1989): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500031553.

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33

Jackanicz, Donald W. "Theft at the National Archives." Library & Archival Security 10, no. 2 (January 24, 1991): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j114v10n02_03.

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34

Isaac, Linda. "National Archives: Teaching with Documents." Technical Services Quarterly 34, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131.2017.1238212.

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35

Leopold, Robert. "National Anthropological Archives: New Acquisitions." Anthropology News 42, no. 2 (February 2001): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.2001.42.2.15.

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36

Harvey, A. D. "Anthropologists in the National Archives." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12, no. 2 (June 2006): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2006.00300.x.

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37

Schwartz, Joan M. "The National Archives of Canada." History of Photography 20, no. 2 (June 1996): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1996.10443644.

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Zeljak, Cathy, and Karen Zietlow. "News from the National Archives." Problems of Post-Communism 43, no. 1 (January 1996): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10758216.1996.11655661.

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39

Tyacke, Sarah. "The New National Archives 2003." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 18, no. 1 (April 2006): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900601800103.

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Warner, Robert M. "The national archives at fifty." Government Publications Review 13, no. 2 (March 1986): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(86)90008-7.

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41

Beasley, Sarah, and Candice Kail. "a2o: Access to Archives from the National Archives of Singapore." Journal of Web Librarianship 3, no. 2 (June 23, 2009): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19322900902896531.

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Thomas, Kenneth H., Loretto Dennis Szucs, and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking. "The Archives: A Guide of the National Archives Field Branches." Journal of American History 76, no. 4 (March 1990): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2936749.

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43

Jones, Ben. "Street Archives and City Life: Popular Intellectuals in Postcolonial Tanzania." European Journal of Development Research 30, no. 5 (October 5, 2018): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-018-0165-0.

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Montgomery, Bruce P. "The Rape of Kuwait’s National Memory." International Journal of Cultural Property 22, no. 1 (February 2015): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739115000053.

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Abstract:In the August 1990 invasion of Kuwait, Iraqi forces prosecuted a mass campaign of pillage and destruction. Under the coordinated direction of Iraqi curators who were well acquainted with Kuwait’s cultural treasures, occupying Iraqi troops plundered thousands of cultural objects from museums, libraries, and archives. Among the pillaged cultural spoils were Kuwait’s national archives, comprising the emirate’s historical memory. Until recently, Iraq was beholden to UN sanctions demanding the return of missing persons and property, including Kuwait’s archives. Although the United Nations Security Council for many years has facilitated efforts to search for the lost archives, these efforts have proved futile. This article explores the plausibility of the two most likely scenarios surrounding the cold case of Kuwait’s missing archives: 1) that the current search for the archives has overlooked the possibility that they were unknowingly seized by US forces in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and are currently being held by the Pentagon; and 2) that the archives may have been intentionally destroyed as part of Saddam Hussein’s aim to obliterate Kuwait’s national identity and annex the emirate as Iraq’s nineteenth province.

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Mohamed, Bakari Maligwa, Geraldine Arbogast Rasheli, and Leonada Rafael Mwagike. "Management of Records in Tanzania: Review and Appraisal of Applicable Theories and Examination of Selected Empirical Findings." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12379.

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This paper has examined applicable theories on the records and archives management (RAM) in an attempt to use empirical results and findings to explain the RAM practices. The paper had used ten deliberately selected empirical studies on the RAM practices conducted in Tanzania. Results and findings from the examined empirical studies reveals that records life-cycle theory has been dominantly used to study RAM practices in Tanzania; whilst case study methodology being the dominant research design used by most of the examined studies. Empirically, it has been found that RAM practices in Tanzania have been constrained by a number of constraining factors. The identified factors were, inter alia: inadequacy of RAM practices; inexistence of RAM guidelines; inadequate funding over RAM activities; untrained personnel; lack of comprehensive RAM policy; inadequate records storage space, equipment and facilities; and unreformed records and archives management systems. Based on these results and findings it is concluded that theories propounded for the records and archives management could be supplemented by other management theories and philosophies in studying specific issues on the subject matter. It is recommended that RAM needs specialised studies to determine the influence of the constraining factors on the extent of proper management of records and archives in the specialised administration and management fields that need efficient management and care of records.

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46

Bryant, Steve. "National Television Archives and Their Role." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 5, no. 2 (September 2010): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/cst.5.2.7.

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47

Jones, Adam. "Ghana National Archives: A Supplementary Note." History in Africa 15 (1988): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171870.

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Two synopses of the holdings of the National Archives of Ghana were published fifteen years ago, one by David Henige, the other by R. E. Dumett. Henige's article offers a more detailed breakdown of some series (notably ADM 1–21 and SCT 1–44), while Dumett provides a more descriptive account and gives more details on ADM 22–262. In the meantime several of the inventories on which Henige and Dumett based their reports have disappeared or disintegrated, and others are rapidly heading in the same direction. The need for a full printed catalog is urgent; unless work on this is begun soon, the whole archive will have to be re-inventoried. In February/March 1987 I was able to check a few of the references given by Henige and Dumett or in the surviving inventories, and perhaps my notes may be of some use to future researchers.

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Adelberger, Jörg. "The National Archives—Kaduna (NAK), Nigeria." History in Africa 19 (1992): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172011.

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Although the archives of Nigeria have been utilized extensively, especially for historical studies, descriptive or introductory notes on them scarcely exist. With the following paper, based on a recent visit to the National Archives in Kaduna in October 1990, 1 want to contribute in filling this gap. The Nigerian Record Office (now National Archives of Nigeria) was established in 1954 on the recommendation and with the efforts of K. O. Dike, who had toured Nigeria and inspected the state of existing archives. Subsequently he became Government Supervisor of Public Records. Initially the archive was situated at the University of Ibadan, until in 1958 the first permanent block was erected.The National Archives in Kaduna is one of the three National Archives in Nigeria, the other two being in Ibadan and Enugu. There is some division of competence between the three archives: Enugu is responsible for the southern parts of Nigeria, Ibadan for the western parts, and Kaduna for the states of Northern Nigeria. The present or former names of regions on which documents are to be found in Kaduna are as follows: Adamawa, Bassa, Bauchi, Benue, Borgu, Borno, Central Province, Gongola, Ilorin, Kabba, Kano, Katsina, Kontagora, Lokoja, Munshi, Muri, Nassarawa, Niger, Nupe, Plateau, Sokoto, Yola, and Zaria. In this listing there are of course regional overlappings; for in the course of history provinces have either been carved out or amalgamated into larger units. In some cases, moreover, more or less identical regions are itemized under different names.

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Pacifico, Michele F. "The National Archives at College Park." Government Information Quarterly 13, no. 2 (January 1996): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-624x(96)90099-4.

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50

Donnelly, Brian. "National Archives Survey of Business Records." Irish Economic and Social History 26, no. 1 (June 1999): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248939902600105.

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