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1
Olaseinde, Oluseyi R., and William R. Brieger. "Health Worker Perceptions of the Integration of Leprosy Control Services at the Primary Health Care Level in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 22, no. 1 (April 2003): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/phlv-8acr-xjwe-410p.
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A goal of both the World Health Organization and the Nigerian National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control (TBL) Program is to integrate leprosy control services into the front line primary health care service system. Traditionally, leprosy services had been handled by one local government officer with little involvement of other health staff, and this limited access and timeliness of services for leprosy patients. Even after the national TBL program was implemented, integration has not been achieved, and this study of 203 front line health workers in the five local government areas that comprise the Ibadan metropolitan area of Oyo State, Nigeria sought to determine the role of health worker knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in fostering or inhibiting leprosy service integration. Leprosy knowledge scores were positively associated with years in service, having lectures on leprosy during basic training, and having attended in-service training (IST) on leprosy. Among the cadres interviewed, Environmental Health Officers (EHOs), who had traditionally managed leprosy services prior to the move for integrated services, had the highest scores. EHOs and those who had leprosy lectures during basic training also had better attitudes toward leprosy than their counterparts. Male health staff and those who had leprosy lectures during basic training also had higher attitude scores concerning integrating leprosy control services with primary care. Finally, the only factor associated with perceived self-efficacy to perform leprosy control services was cadre. Ironically, Community Health Extension workers, who have had little in the way of experience with and training in leprosy control, believed they could handle these responsibilities better than other cadres. The influence of basic and in-service training on enhancing leprosy control knowledge and attitudes is recognized and enhancement of curricula for all cadres on leprosy issues is recommended.
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Zhao, Pengyu, Xueyan Han, Lili You, Yu Zhao, Li Yang, and Yuanli Liu. "Effect of basic public health service project on neonatal health services and neonatal mortality in China: a longitudinal time-series study." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e034427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034427.
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ObjectiveTo analyse the trend change and level change of neonatal health services and neonatal mortality before and after the introduction of the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) project in 2009.Design and settingA national longitudinal study on neonatal mortality from 1991 to 2017 and neonatal health services from 2000 to 2017 was conducted based on data extracted from the National Neonatal Mortality Surveillance System and National Health Statistic Yearbook. The segmented linear regression model was used to assess the level changes and trend changes of the outcome variables before and after the introduction of BPHS project. Pearson correlation analysis as conducted to measure association between neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) and maternal health management rates (MMRs), neonatal visit rates, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variables were national NMR, the gap of NMR between urban and rural areas, maternal health management rate and neonatal visit rate.ResultsThe annual trend change coefficient of national NMR and the gap of NMR between urban and rural areas were −0.57 (p<0.01) and −0.49 (p<0.01) after the introduction of BPHS project, while the annual trend coefficient of the MMR and the neonatal visit rate were 1.21 (p<0.01) and 0.85 (p<0.01), respectively. The negative correlations were found between NMR and MMR (r=−0.79, p<0.01) and neonatal visit rate (r=−0.76, p<0.01).ConclusionThe BPHS project was found to be associated with increased volume of neonatal health services and reduced NMR. The design and implementation of this project may provide references to other low-income and middle-income countries.
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Bijelović, Sanja, Valentina Grossi, Enkhtsetseg Shinee, Oliver Schmoll, Dragana Jovanović, Katarina Paunović, Nataša Dragić, and Radmila Velicki. "Water, sanitation, and hygiene services in health care facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia." Journal of Water and Health 20, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.063.
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Abstract Provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities is a priority at the global, national, and local levels. To inform improvements planning, conditions of WASH, waste management, and environmental cleaning were assessed in 81 facilities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, as part of a nationally representative survey in 2019. The survey included on-site checks, structured interviews, and drinking-water quality analysis. WHO/UNICEF indicators for WASH service levels and an advanced service level defined at the national level were applied. The results showed that all investigated facilities provided basic water services; 94% of facilities provided basic hygiene and waste management services; 58 and 2%, respectively, provided basic cleaning and sanitation services. Only 1% of investigated facilities met the basic level for all five WASH dimensions. Advanced service levels were only met for hygiene, waste management, and/or cleaning in 15–38% of facilities. In 33% of health care facilities, drinking-water quality was not in compliance with the national standards. The results revealed that there is a need for increased awareness and efforts to ensure basic provisions for sanitation, environmental cleaning, and drinking-water safety.
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Yuliyanti, Suryani, Fathurrahman Maulana Rifqi, Rizal Lutfi Prasetyo, Elis Nurhasanah, Ahmada Bagus Priambada, and Pujiati Abbas. "Analysis of Basic Immunization Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Public Health Centers in Semarang." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (November 26, 2021): 1338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7336.
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BACKGROUND: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected public health services, including routine immunization services. If this condition continues, the national immunization coverage will decrease, thereby potentially increasing the risk of immunization preventable diseases. AIM: This study aims to determine the coverage of complete basic immunization services in Semarang before (December 2019) and during the pandemic (May 2020) and the factors that affect the coverage of complete basic immunization services. METHODS: This study describes complete basic immunization based on data taken in June-August 2021 at three health centers in Semarang. The data used were the number of visits and the type of immunization obtained from the medical records of the Health Center Management Information System. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with the person in charge of the immunization program at the Public Health Center (Puskesmas) to determine the influence factors of the immunization coverage. The data from the interviews were then analyzed thematically. RESULTS: There were 3594 infants who received immunization services, consisting of 2401 before the pandemic and 1193 during the pandemic. The average decrease in the number of basic immunization services was 50.31%. The decrease in the number of basic immunization services occurred in all network public health centers with an average of Puskesmas Genuk (−36.63%), Halmahera (−40%), and Pandanaran (−26.35%). The mother’s fear of COVID-19 contagious, service time and patients restrictions by the PHC, and IPV vaccine stock out have reduced the basic vaccination coverage in all public health centers. CONCLUSION: There was a decline in basic immunization coverage during the pandemic, so it is necessary to fulfill basic immunization needs and service inn
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Tang, Dan, and Jiwen Wang. "Basic Public Health Service Utilization by Internal Older Adult Migrants in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010270.
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Since 2009, the Chinese government has launched a basic public health services (BPHS) equalization program to provide the same BPHS to all the citizens. However, utilization of BPHS among older migrants is still low. The purpose of this paper was to explore the determinant individual and contextual factors of older migrants’ utilization of BPHS, and to provide suggestion for the government to improve BPHS utilization. Based on Andersen’s model of health services use, data from the China’s Regional Economic Statistics Yearbook 2014 and National Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Survey on Migrant Population 2015 were analyzed using a hierarchical random intercept model for binary outcomes. Results showed that the percentage of migrant older adults receiving free physical examinations, which is an important item of BPHS, was 36.2%. Predisposing (education, hukou, living duration in the host city, and scope of migration), enabling (health insurance and social networks), and need (self-rated health and chronic conditions) factors of individuals’ characteristics had significant impact on the use of BPHS. The proportions of both migrant children enrolled in public schools and people with established health records had a positive impact on an individual’s chance of receiving free physical examinations. These findings suggest that economic development and improvement at the level of the city’s health resources cannot effectively improve access to BPHS by older adult migrants. Instead, the driving force appears to be supportive policies for the migrant population.
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Singh, Pankaj, Amrita Gupta, Akhilesh Tripathi, Meera Dhuria, and Pradeep Aggarwal. "Developing public health capacities of Frontline Public Health Workforce in Uttarakhand." Indian Journal of Community Health 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i03.025.
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Recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of increase in the ability of public health workforce to detect and respond to the public health threats. For timely implementation of an adequate response and mitigation measure, the standardized and sustainable capacity building programme for frontline public health workforce is the need of hour. National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in partnership with U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a three-month in-service Basic Epidemiology Training programme. This is a tailor-made programme for frontline public health workforce to strengthen epidemiological skills. This training was a practical interactive approach to field epidemiology for three months on the job training for frontline public health workforce that addressed the critical skills needed to conduct surveillance effectively at the local level while focusing on improving disease detection, reporting and feedback. The training also demonstrated the role of learning model in form of interaction between the mentor and the mentees. The importance of handhold support given by the mentors to the mentees in quality outbreak investigations and documentation.
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Puspaningtyas, Anggraeny. "KUALITAS PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS PELAKSANAAN OTONOMI DAERAH PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR." DIA: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik 16, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v16i2.1923.
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The opening of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that the national objective of the Indonesian state is to educate the life of the nation, create public welfare, protect all of Indonesia's bloodshed, and help implement world order and lasting peace. Efforts to achieve these national goals can be done through the fulfillment of basic rights of the community, one of which is through education. Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 2 of 2018th concerning Minimum Service Standards (Standart Pelayanan Mutu/SPM) that compulsory government affairs relating to basic services consist of education; health; public works and spatial planning; public housing and residential areas; peace, public order and community and social protection. Furthermore, the education SPM includes the Provincial Education SPM and the District/City Education SPM. The types of basic services in the SPM of Provincial Education consist of secondary education and special education. While the types of basic services in the district/city education SPM consist of early childhood education, basic education and equality education. The researcher was interested in knowing how the quality of regional autonomy-based education services in East Java Province.
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Hartuti, Purnaweni, and Swastuti Endang. "Implementation of Basic Infrastructure Education in Demak Coastal Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 08025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187308025.
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The most important public services given by state according to public administration sphere are education and health services. Education is very strategic aspect and is very influencial to human and also the nation's productivity. However, in Indonesia education service implementation is still very complex, with clear disparity in educational service, showing that there has been inequality in educational service handling. Therefore the government implements minimum educational service standard of basic education. This research was aimed at evaluating the fulfillment of the Minimum Service Standard (MSS) for Basic Education in Demak Regency, which in fact a coastal area with various physical and environmental problems. This descriptive qualitative research was done through interview, and analysis on secondary data. It was found that inequality of educational service was proved by the gap of achievements of the basic service requirements in terms of Government responsibility. Therefore the research recommended that the local government should provide greater budget for MSS for Basic Education, and by incorporating the accomplishment of the MSS into its Local Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMD), and Strategic Plan for Demak Regencial Office of Education, besides arrange cooperation with private sector.
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Váradi, Ágnes. "E-health developments in the system of health services in Hungary and the European Union." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 21 (May 2014): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29913.
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The question of electronic solutions in public health care has become a contemporary issue at the European Union level since the action plan of the Commission on the e-health developments of the period between 2012 and 2020 has been published. In Hungary this issue has been placed into the centre of attention after a draft on modifications of regulations in health-care has been released for public discourse, which – if accepted – would lay down the basics of an electronic heath-service system. The aim of this paper is to review the basic features of e-health solutions in Hungary and the European Union with the help of the most important pieces of legislation, documents of the European Union institutions and sources from secondary literature. When examining the definition of the basic goals and instruments of the development, differences between the European Union and national approaches can be detected. Examination of recent developmental programs and existing models seem to reveal difficulties in creating interoperability and financing such projects. Finally, the review is completed by the aspects of jurisdiction and fundamental rights. It is concluded that these issues are mandatory to delineate the legislative, economic and technological framework for the development of the e-health systems. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 822–827.
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Li, Daxu, Meixuan Luo, Yu Liu, Jing Dong, Wei Geng, Xiaoliu Li, Lijun Yang, Jin Wang, and Peihua Cao. "Increased Rates of Health Management and Health Education on Hypertension and Diabetes in Inner Mongolia, China: 10-Year Population Level Trends (2009–2018)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013048.
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Health management and health education are two important tasks in the national basic public health service project with a wide audience, large service volume, and high accessibility. From 2009 to 2018, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China launched the basic public health service (BPHS) project comprehensively. The implementation of health management and health education was supported and instructed actively. This study aimed to document population-level trends in health management and health education on chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in Inner Mongolia, China. We collected monthly and annual reports on the implementation progress of the BPHS project in Inner Mongolia, China. A two-stage random sampling method was used to investigate health management and health education for hypertension and diabetes patients. The rate of standard health management for both hypertension and diabetes has significantly increased. The blood pressure control rate and glycemic control rate have also improved. This work provides the most comprehensive evidence to date regarding the upward trends in health management and health education on chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wang, Zan, Qin Ao, Yinbo Luo, Qi Wang, Zuxun Lu, and Jun’an Liu. "Estimating the costs of the national basic public health services in Zhuhai, China, through activity-based costing: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e024831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024831.
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ObjectiveOur research aims to estimate the per capita cost of 13 items in the basic public health service (BPHS) project in Zhuhai, China, and provide an economical basis for the improvement of the cost compensation mechanism used by the government.DesignThis research is a cross-sectional study.SettingA total of 19 primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) in Zhuhai, China, are involved in this research.ParticipantsA total of 152 participants (114 personnel engaged in BPHS, 19 financial personnel and 19 PHF heads) were included in this study, which was conducted from May 2017 to July 2017.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used the activity-based costing model to calculate the cost of providing BPHS in Zhuhai. An analytical hierarchy process was used to determine the difficulty dimension and workload coefficient.ResultsThe weights of the difficulty dimensions in the provision of BPHS in Zhuhai were 35.04% (coordination of residents), 24.03% (staff workload), 21.36% (complexity of work-related skills) and 19.59% (basic qualities of staff). The average difficulty coefficient of each subproject was 5.28. The actual per capita cost of BPHS provision in 2016 was 97.48 RMB (12.76 EUR), which was higher than the actual standard compensation of 55 RMB (7.2 EUR) in Zhuhai. Immunisation was the most costly among the 13 service items (17.82 RMB or 2.33 EUR per person), whereas the management of tuberculosis was the least costly item (0.57 RMB or 0.07 EUR per person).ConclusionsGovernment funds for basic public health services cannot compensate for the actual costs. Accordingly, subsidies should be increased based on the actual per capita cost for sustainable BPHS development. The government should improve the methods used in cost estimation and measures used as the basis for awarding performance incentives.
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Oh, Sehun, Diana M. DiNitto, and Daniel A. Powers. "Spillover Effects of Job Skills Training on Substance Misuse Among Low-Income Youths With Employment Barriers: A Longitudinal Cohort Study." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 6 (June 2020): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305631.
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Objectives. To examine spillover effects of job skills training (vs basic services only [e.g., adult basic education, job readiness training]) on substance misuse among low-income youths with employment barriers. Methods. Data came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a longitudinal cohort study of youths born between 1980 and 1984 in the United States. Based on respondents’ reports of substance misuse (past-month binge drinking and past-year marijuana and other illicit drug use) from 2000 to 2016, we estimated substance misuse trajectories of job skills training (n = 317) and basic services (n = 264) groups. We accounted for potential selection bias by using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results. Compared with the basic services group, the job skills training group showed notable long-term reductions in its illicit drug misuse trajectory, translating to a 56.9% decrease in prevalence rates from 6.5% in year 0 to 2.8% in year 16. Conclusions. Job skills training can be an important service component for reducing substance misuse and improving employment outcomes among youths with economic disadvantages and employment barriers.
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Kásler, Miklós, Szabolcs Ottó, and Olimpia Sólyom. "National Cancer Registry. Significance of a reliable database in the implementation of the required structural changes of oncologic care in Hungary." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 36 (September 2014): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29994.
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The authors summarize the basic objectives and scope of the Hungarian Cancer Registry. They review more than 100-year history of the national cancer database and its effects on current cancer data collection activities, which is outstanding in Europe. The compilation deals with the development of information technology, covers points of principle and practical issues such as parallel display and evaluation of mortality and morbidity statistics and their national and international importance concerning public health. The authors underline that reliable data collection and services of the National Cancer Registry are important for the society because they are public health issues with a critical importance for a better understanding of risk factors, prevention and patient care. Restructuring and European harmonization of the Hungarian cancer system are inevitable using a reliable information exchange and service, taking into account national specificities and international requirements. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(36), 1415–1420.
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KC, Ashish, Dipendra Raman Singh, Madan Kumar Upadhyaya, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Abhishek Gurung, and Mats Målqvist. "Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health in Health Facilities in Nepal." Maternal and Child Health Journal 24, S1 (December 17, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02846-w.
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Abstract Introduction Nepal has pledged to substantially reduce maternal and newborn death by 2030. Improving quality of intrapartum health services will be vital to reduce these deaths. This paper examines quality of delivery and newborn services in health facilities of Nepal. Methods Data were sourced from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015, which covered a national representative sample of health facilities. The datasets were analysed to assess service readiness, availability and quality of delivery and newborn care in a sample of 992 health facilities. Results Of the 992 facilities in the sample, 623 provided delivery and newborn care services. Of the 623 facilities offering delivery and newborn care services, 13.3% offered comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmONC), 19.6% provided basic emergency obstetric care (BEmONC) and 53.9% provided basic delivery and newborn service. The availability of essential equipment for delivery and newborn care was more than 80% in health facilities. Except for the coverage of vitamin K injection, the coverage of immediate newborn care was more than 85% in all health facilities. The coverage of use of chlorhexidine ointment to all newborns was more than 70% in government hospitals and primary health care centers (PHCCs) and only 32.3% in private hospitals. Conclusions These findings show gaps in equipment and drugs, especially in PHCCs and private health facilities. Improving readiness and availability of equipment and drugs in PHCCs and private health facility will help improve the quality of care to further reduce maternal and newborn mortality in Nepal.
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Shen, Chien-wen, Chin-Hsing Hsu, Ching-chih Chou, and Tzu-Chun Tsai. "Toward a Nationwide Mobile-Based Public Healthcare Service System with Wireless Sensor Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1287507.
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This paper describes the development of a nationwide public healthcare service system with the integration of cloud technology, wireless sensor networks, and mobile technology to provide citizens with convenient and professional healthcare services. The basic framework of the system includes the architectures for the user end of wireless physiological examinations, for the regional healthcare cloud, and for national public healthcare service system. Citizens with chronic conditions or elderly people who are living alone can use the wireless physiological sensing devices to keep track of their health conditions and get warning if the system detects abnormal signals. Through mobile devices, citizens are able to get real-time health advice, prompt warning, health information, feedback, personalized support, and intervention ubiquitously. With the long-term tracking data for physiological sensing, reliable prediction models for epidemic diseases and chronic diseases can be developed for the government to respond to and control diseases immediately. Besides, such a nationwide approach enables government to have a holistic understanding of the public health information in real time, which is helpful to establish effective policies or strategies to prevent epidemic diseases or chronic diseases.
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Oliveira, Edgard Costa. "Technical specifications of a service-oriented architecture for semantic interoperability of EHR - electronic health records." Journal on Advances in Theoretical and Applied Informatics 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.26729/jadi.v3i1.2462.
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Many countries are in the run for implementing their national electronic health strategies, on top of the existing health systems administrative and clinical procedures. There have been international successful initiatives in these cases, however, a substantial effort is necessary in order to adapt the best practices to national realities. In Brazil, the effort of implementing a technological solution, inspired by these international cases, is under way. This paper describes the technical specification of an implementation architecture for a SOA-based infrastructure that created the Electronic Health Record solutions for the Brazilian public health system. We identified here, the context where it has been implemented and particular need of the National e-health strategy, the information health management standards and patterns used. We described the SOA architecture built and implemented, aiming at specific needs at stake, such as basic care, hospital, medicines and individual patient’s information. The basic EHR profiles used are also described with an emphasis on specific use cases. The integrated solution implemented was also presented in a general design that brings together, in a simplified manner, the components of a semantically interoperable SOA architecture for electronic health records designed specifically for the Brazilian health context, but we hope can be an asset and success case for other ongoing e-health strategy design initiatives.
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Rodrigues, Ana Maria Maia, Consuelo Helena Aires de Freitas, Maria das Graças da Silva Guerreiro, and Maria Salete Bessa Jorge. "Preceptorship in the perspective of comprehensive care: conversations with nurses." Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 35, no. 2 (June 2014): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2014.02.43946.
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The aim of this study was to understand preceptorship in nursing practice fields and its association with comprehensive care. This study was based on qualitative field research conducted in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, from April to June 2012. A total of 20 preceptors were interviewed in the practice fields of three higher education institutions at three public state hospitals and one basic health unit. Thematic analysis enabled apprehension of the theme 'preceptorship in the perspective of comprehensive care', and the empirical categories: (dis)articulation in teaching-service: distancing from academic institutions; welcoming students in the practice field. On the field, routine teaches: articulation in teaching-service from the preceptor's perspective. Results showed that teaching-service integration is at risk in light of biologicism and the gap between teaching institutions and health services, but that it is a way of constructing the necessary changes to consolidate the National Health Service.
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Bailit, H. L. "Health Services Research." Advances in Dental Research 17, no. 1 (December 2003): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154407370301700119.
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The major barriers to the collection of primary population-based dental services data are: (1) Dentists do not use standard record systems; (2) few dentists use electronic records; and (3) it is costly to abstract paper dental records. The value of secondary data from paid insurance claims is limited, because dentists code only services delivered and not diagnoses, and it is difficult to obtain and merge claims from multiple insurance carriers. In a national demonstration project on the impact of community-based dental education programs on the care provided to underserved populations, we have developed a simplified dental visit encounter system. Senior students and residents from 15 dental schools (approximately 200 to 300 community delivery sites) will use computers or scannable paper forms to collect basic patient demographic and service data on several hundred thousand patient visits. Within the next 10 years, more dentists will use electronic records. To be of value to researchers, these data need to be collected according to a standardized record format and to be available regionally from public or private insurers.
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Sung, Soo-Hyun, Minjung Park, Jihye Kim, Sun-Woo Jeon, Angela Dong-Min Sung, Eun-Jin Lee, Danny Oh, Jung-Youn Park, Jang-Kyung Park, and Kyeong Han Kim. "Current Status of Traditional Korean Medicine Services in Public Sector: A Study for Integrating Traditional Korean Medicine into Community Care System." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050493.
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Korea is currently executing a pilot program for community care of its aging population and aims to implement community care systems on a national scale by 2025. This study examines the traditional Korean medicine (TKM) service to be provided within community care by understanding the current status of TKM services. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MoHW) sent official letters to 242 local governments (cities, districts, and counties) from October to November 2019 to survey the status of the public TKM services provided in 2018. The items of the survey included basic demographic information as well as information that could reveal how the program was implemented. In 112 local government jurisdictions (response rate 46.3%), a total of 867 TKM service programs were in place. As a result of the survey, it was revealed that they did not have any service manuals or evaluation results. To provide home-care-based TKM service for the elderly as an integrated part of a community care system, it is necessary to develop, distribute, and evaluate a standard service manual including an evaluation index by the central government.
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Hughes, David. "Medical Sociology in the UK: building a research tradition in the shadow of a Public National Health Service." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2012): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-002003en.
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British medical sociology emerged in the shadow of a publicly-funded National Health Service, and the need for evidence to support the development of policy and services. Although the initial focus was on applied problems, largely defined by the medical profession, a combination of permissive leadership in the early research centres and the desire of research administrators to widen research agendas, gave medical sociologists considerable latitude to developed distinctive research programmes. By the 1970s British medical sociologists were turning their attention to focused studies of interaction in health care settings, on the one hand, and professional power, structural interests, social disadvantage and gender, on the other. But this shift from applied empirical research to studies that drew more explicitly on sociological theory was halted and even reversed as the research funding climate changed, and the emphasis shifted to large multi-site, multi-disciplinary studies. While the ESRC still supports some basic social scientific research and medical sociologists also find work in multidisciplinary projects examining contemporary problems, sociological concepts are increasingly likely to be blended with concepts from other disciplines in final reports. British medical sociology is no longer an infant sub-discipline, but it still remains in many ways a marginal enterprise, uncertain of its identity and its place in the health research division of labour.
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Madden, Kelly. "Access to Bulk-Billing General Practitioners in Tasmania." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02014.
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Access to basic health care services is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights. Imposition of fees for service restricts access to care, particularly for people on low incomes. In recent years there has been a slight national decline in bulk-billing by general practitioners that has been more pronounced in Tasmania. Evidence from Tasmania suggests significant numbers of general practitioners in some areas of the state are charging gap fees to Health Care and Pension Concession Cardholders. Local qualitative and quantitative data indicate that low-income earners are delaying or avoiding seeking health care because they are unable to afford the cost.
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Swerissen, Hal, and Rae Walker. "Editorial: Research partnerships for primary health?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 10, no. 2 (2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py04020.
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Until recently, basic and clinical discovery-oriented health research funded through schemes like the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) were unchallenged. Narrowly focused, traditional scientific perspectives and judgments about researcher track records ensured newly emerging research issues and methodologies in public health, primary care and health services research struggled to get funding.
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Qin, Jiangmei, Yanchun Zhang, Masha Fridman, Kim Sweeny, Lifang Zhang, Chunmei Lin, and Lu Mao. "The role of the Basic Public Health Service program in the control of hypertension in China: Results from a cross-sectional health service interview survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0217185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217185.
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Objectives Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the main cause of mortality in China. In 2009, the Chinese government introduced the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) program to relieve the rising burden of NCDs through public health measures and delivery of essential medical care. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the BPHS program on hypertension control. Methods The China National Health Development Research Center (CNHDRC) undertook a Cross-sectional Health Service Interview Survey (CHSIS) of 62,097 people from primary healthcare reform pilot areas across 17 provinces from eastern, central, and western parts of China in 2014. The current study is based on responses to the CHSIS survey from 7,867 participants, who had been diagnosed with hypertension. Multi-variable mixed logit regression analysis was used to estimate the association between BPHS management and uncontrolled hypertension. In a follow-up analysis, generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) was used to test for mediation of the BPHS program effect through patient compliance with medication. Findings The estimated proportion of patients with uncontrolled hypertension was 30% lower (23.2% vs 31.5%) in those participants who were adequately managed under the BPHS program. Other predictors of hypertension control included compliance with medication, self-reported wellbeing, income, educational attainment and exercise; smoking was associated with reduced hypertension control. The significant inverse association between uncontrolled hypertension and age indicates poor outcomes for younger patients. Additional testing suggested that nearly 40% of the effect of BPHS management (95% CI: 28.2 to 51.7) could be mediated by improved compliance with medication; there was also an indication that the effect of management was 30% stronger in districts/counties with established digital information management systems (IMS). Conclusion Hypertension control improved markedly following active management through the BPHS program. Some of that improvement could be explained by greater compliance with medication among program participants. This study also identified the need to tailor the BPHS program to the needs of younger patients to achieve higher levels of control in this population. Future investigations should explore ways in which existing healthcare management influences the success of the BPHS program.
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Listiyana, Ita, and Eunike Raffy Rustiana. "ANALISIS KEPUASAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL PADA PENGGUNA BPJS KESEHATAN DI KOTA SEMARANG." Unnes Journal of Public Health 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v6i1.11615.
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National health insurance (NHI) as a part of national social security system (NSIS) is a form of government commitment to the implementation of health insurance among people in Indonesia entirely. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) assigned specifically by the government to provide health care insurance was the BPJS for Health (social security provider for health). The aim of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of national health insurance among BPJS for Health participants in Semarang City based on education, tuition classes, and place of service. This study was analytical survey with cross sectional approach. Sample of Non PBI (Contribution Assistance Recipients) BPJS for Health were 269 respondents, with purposive proportional sampling technique. There was a significant difference regarding the satisfaction of health insurance based on education level (basic, secondary, and high) and place of service (public hospital and private hospital). There was no significant difference on satisfaction of health insurance based on tuition classes (class I, II, and III). BPJS for Health participants who did not satisfied with the national health insurance were 64.7%. The most important complaint was the process of obtaining an inpatient room.
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Nayab, Durre-e. "First Meeting of the PIDE Committee on Devolution Reforms in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i1pp.157-161.
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The Local Government Ordinance (LGO), formulated by the National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) in 2000 and promulgated by provincial governments in August 2001, assigns powers, responsibilities, and service delivery functions to three levels of local governments: district, tehsil, and union. Responsibilities for the delivery of social and human development services, such as primary and basic health, education and social welfare, are delegated to the district level, whereas municipal services, such as water, sanitation and urban services are assigned to the tehsil level. The LGO does not only deal with the delivery of public services in its plan but also stresses the need for fiscal decentralisation, claiming that “Fiscal decentralisation is the heart of any devolution exercise. Without fiscal decentralisation no authority is devolved.”
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Ruta, Danny A., Cam Donaldson, and Ingrid Gilray. "Economics, Public Health and Health Care Purchasing: The Tayside Experience of Programme Budgeting and Marginal Analysis." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 1, no. 4 (October 1996): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969600100402.
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In this paper it is shown how the economics framework of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) can be used to help formulate a purchasing strategy in health care; in this case, for child health services. The basic premise of PBMA is that to have more of some services it is necessary to have less of others. Therefore, it is important to know how resources are currently spent, what changes can be made, and what are the possible costs and benefits of such changes. Despite a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of services, PBMA provides a pragmatic purchasing framework. This framework permits consideration of national policy, local epidemiology, current spending, and the views both of parents and professionals as to how such spending can be changed.
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Fuentes, Ramón, Roberto Ferrándiz-Gomis, and Begoña Fuster-Garcia. "Efficiency of acute public hospitals in the region of Murcia, Spain." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 8, no. 11 (August 2019): 929–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2018-0150.
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Aim: To evaluate the level of efficiency of public acute hospitals situated in the region of Murcia (Spain). Materials & methods: Data from nine acute general hospitals of Murcia’s Health Service (SMS by its Spanish acronym) were analyzed over the 2012–2014 period. The data were extracted from the In-patient Health Establishment Statistics of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, from the National Health Service (SNS) portal and the SMS portal. To this end, the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-window method was used, since this extension of the basic DEA model allows to compare the efficiency of a small number of units over different years and analyze changes in efficiency over time. In addition, the model was complemented by smooth bootstrapping and a superefficiency analysis to improve the quality of the data interpretation. Four inputs were used (number of beds, number of operating rooms, personnel costs and operating costs), two undesirable outputs (average stay and rate of return) and three desirable outputs (weighted discharges, emergencies and surgical interventions). Results: The average level of inefficiency was 1.58% over the study period, with a good evolution between 2012 (3.53%) and 2014 (0.20%). This improvement was also reflected in the number of efficient hospitals that rose from two in 2012 to eight in 2014. Moreover, the slack levels detected were small. Conclusion: The management of the public hospitals analyzed was favorable, both regarding average level of efficiency and the number of hospitals qualified as efficient. However, the analysis revealed several ways to increase efficiency by reducing specific inputs and nondesirable outputs (mainly operating and personnel costs as well as average length of stay) while increasing desirable outputs (mostly the number of surgical interventions). To finish, specific policy measures are suggested to improve the performance of these hospitals.
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Luong, Duong Huy, Shenglan Tang, Tuohong Zhang, and Margaret Whitehead. "Vietnam during Economic Transition: A Tracer Study of Health Service Access and Affordability." International Journal of Health Services 37, no. 3 (July 2007): 573–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2422-2477-6233-3g0n.
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For many decades, Vietnam had a well-structured public health service with extensive population coverage, with free care at government health facilities until 1989. Since then the country has been going through economic transition, including major changes to the health system. These include the reduction of financial support to public facilities and the introduction of user charges. Concern has been growing about the effect of these changes on access and affordability of health care, particularly for poor families. Using data from the Vietnam National Health Survey conducted in 2001–2002, the authors conducted a tracer study of people with diarrheal illness to examine equity in access to and use of health care and the financial burdens placed on patients in seeking care. The study found that children, the elderly, and the poorly educated were more likely to suffer from diarrhea; poor people often did not seek any care regardless of severity of illness, largely because they could not afford it. The opportunity cost due to lost income was also much greater for poor families. Several new policies have been developed in Vietnam to improve access to basic health care for the poor. However, the effects of such policies require close monitoring and remain to be evaluated.
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Liu, Jinlin, and Ying Mao. "Rural Resident Experience on National Basic Public Health Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey in 10 Western Provinces of China." Healthcare 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040160.
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National basic public health services (BPHSs) are important for promoting the health of rural populations. A better understanding of rural BPHSs from the viewpoint of residents utilizing the services can help health-related departments and primary health care (PHC) centers further improve rural BPHSs. By conducting a large-scale cross-sectional survey in 10 western provinces of China, the study depicts rural resident experiences with rural BPHSs. Of the 9019 participants, 59.33% and 66.48% did not receive services related to health examinations or health education in the six months prior to the survey, respectively. A total of 56.90% were satisfied with the rural BPHSs, and the mean overall satisfaction score was 3.61 ± 0.908 (out of a maximum of 5). The most satisfying domain for rural residents with BPHSs was the attitude of PHC workers, whereas rural residents with chronic diseases were the least satisfied with the health management. Satisfaction with the attitude of PHC workers was identified as the strongest determinant of rural residents’ overall satisfaction with BPHSs. This study could enlighten rural BPHSs management in China.
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Kirshchina, I. A., T. V. Shestakova, A. V. Soloninina, A. E. Krasheninnikov, and R. U. Habriev. "NORMATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE BASIC PREREQUISITES OF PUBLIC HEALTH (PUBLICATIONS REVIEW)." Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine 30, no. 5 (December 15, 2022): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-5-746-752.
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Preservation of public health is the main goal of social progress and development of the society. The search for potential opportunities to improve individual and public health indicators is a positive predictor of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the society and increasing the healthy life expectancy of citizens. The scientific review provides arguments in favor of the need for professional collaboration of specialists from various industries in order to universally realize the most important right of citizens to protect their own and public health. Regulatory legal documents defining national and international policy in the field of health protection and forming the general vector of development of health care activities were used as the sources of information for the formation of the basis of the study. As a result of a logical generalization of global and national priorities and trends in the development of the healthcare sector, the main prerequisites (determinants) of health saving of citizens, adopted by the world community and reflected in domestic documents, are formulated. The main prerequisites (determinants) of health are defined as: promotion of activities that advantage health protection; creation of a single preventive space; specification of the concept of 'responsible attitude to health'; coverage of the entire life cycle of a person and all spheres of his activity in the formation of a responsible attitude to health and motivation for its preservation; development of information technologies in the field of health protection; expansion of intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation in order to maintain and strengthen health; improvement of public health literacy; transformation of health services from the standpoint of health protection; development of human resources to ensure health-saving activities. The identified determinants of the preservation of individual and public health can act as a theoretical basis for the development of a scientific and practical methodology aimed at solving problems of improving health through the potential of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists in various fields of activity.
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Ramadhan, Masyitha Mutiara. "The impact of national health insurance on the access of maternal care service for women in Indonesia." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v9i1.262.
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Background and purpose: The government of Indonesia has established national health insurance or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) since 2014 to meet the basic needs of appropriate public health, including women. However, maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is recorded to be higher than peers and decreases slowly. This paper aims to elaborate the impact of the national health insurance on the access to maternal care and services for women in Indonesia.Methods: This paper employs a secondary data analysis by using Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2017 and applies propensity score matching methods. Within the sample, a treatment group is a group of women who are registered in the JKN, including the PBI and non-PBI participants, while the control group is a group of women who are not registered in the JKN, women who have other insurances and those who do not have any insurance. The total sample of the treatment group is 18,886 and the control group is 19,559 participants. There are two outcome variables in the analysis which reflect the access of health care and health services, which are child-birth service facility (CBSF) and Birth Attendant (BA), respectively.Results: The result shows that women who are the member of the JKN have greater probability in accessing formal health care and services during the maternity process. They tend to deliver babies in hospital and get helped by medical personnel. Moreover, by comparing the impact of the JKN in the rural and urban areas, the result shows that the probability of women in rural area to access health care and services is higher than women in cities.Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that the JKN has improved the access for health care as well as medical services for maternity, in both rural and urban areas. However, the JKN program improvements are still needed, particularly in ameliorating the quality of JKN program, as well as expanding the number of participants to achieve a higher impact.
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Horielova, V. "Public morality as an object of national security of Ukraine: theoretical and legal aspect." Юридичний вісник, no. 5 (December 8, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/yuv.v0i5.2007.
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The article examines the expediency of introducing spiritual and moral and ethical values as an object of protection by the National Security Service of Ukraine in accordance with the draft Law on Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Security Service of Ukraine" to improve organizational and legal principles. activities of the Security Service of Ukraine. It is established that as an object of national security, public morality can be interpreted in a narrow and broad sense. In a broad sense, such an object of public morality can be interpreted as a system of state values, such as sovereignty, language, territorial integrity, health, honour, dignity, inviolability of the person and so on. In the narrow sense, the object of social morality is the spiritual state of each individual, because a person according to the Basic Law of Ukraine is the highest value. It is clear that public morality cannot be "programmed" even by interpreting the practice of past world experience, and thus moral values are more appropriate to lay in the legal field to be protected. In our opinion, public morality as an object of protection by the security service of Ukraine should include in its structure values and ideas related to the life of society, as well as requirements and practices corresponding to these values. The current legislation of Ukraine, which is designed to protect human rights and freedoms, unfortunately, does not contain an interpretation of the concept of "morality" and "public morality". Even though everyone can understand good and evil, useful and harmful, he is also subject to his own ideas of good and bad. Under the law, a basic amount of responsibilities is created, the standard of moral behaviour necessary for the proper functioning of society. Thus, although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral idea of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a personal space of man, in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society several socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and society. Although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral notion of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a person's personal space in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society a number of socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and society. Although the law cannot express the will of everyone and cannot correspond to the moral notion of justice of everyone, it is in democratic, legal states that the law creates a person's personal space in which he harmoniously coexists with his own considerations of morality. Morality as a specific object of the national security service of Ukraine should form a kind of code of appropriate and positive for society, regulate behaviour, have a special spiritual dimension and perform in society a number of socially significant functions that will promote harmonization of person and society.
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Andini, I., and A. Djunaedi. "Mapping of Rural Health Services during Covid-19 Pandemic in Central Java, Indonesia: Rethinking Remoteness." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 887, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/887/1/012032.
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Abstract Covidl9 pandemic, since 2019 in global world and 2020 in Indonesia, changed human daily life and affected the provision of public services, especially health services. As Covid19 spread through close interactions among humans, rural areas have the advantage of remoteness compared to higher-density urban areas. In the villages with relatively isolated access, the spread of Covid-19 is very low compared to the national average. This paper discusses how remoteness has become two sides of the coin during pandemic by examining at the data of health services in three rural areas in Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Data collected by in-depth interviews showed that although remoteness became a key factor in delaying the spread of Covid19, it also became a key factor in the deterioration of advanced health services in non-covid diseases throughout the pandemic. These findings confirmed the vulnerability of basic services in rural areas, even on Java Island as a center of growth in Indonesia. Using causal network analysis, the discussion revealed that the vulnerability stem from the territorial approach in health service provision making rural areas less resilient during pandemic. This paper concludes that while remoteness provides a barrier in retaining the spread of pandemic disease, it also worsens the medical treatment capacity in non-pandemic diseases in rural areas. Covid19 pandemic raises the need of specific arrangement public health services in remote rural areas.
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Sculpher, Mark, Michael Drummond, and Martin Buxton. "The Iterative Use of Economic Evaluation as Part of the Process of Health Technology Assessment." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2, no. 1 (January 1997): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969700200107.
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The Economic evaluation of health care technologies has a key role within the new National Health Service health technology assessment process. There has, however, been little discussion of the best way of combining economic and clinical research. Economic evaluation should be iterative, generating progressively firmer estimates of cost-effectiveness and helping to maximise the efficiency of health care R&D. Here, four stages of economic analysis are suggested, starting with stage I when the basic clinical science is complete, and finishing with stage IV analysis to generalise the results of earlier studies to routine clinical practice.
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Rochmayani, Dewi Sari. "Actors Affecting the Decrease of Maternal Mortality Rates and Problems Related to Birth Services." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 13, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v13i3.11312.
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The targeted 102 per 100,000 live births maternal mortality rate (AKI) in Semarang has not been achieved yet. In the era of childbirth insurance program in 2011, AKI reached 119.9 per 100,000. Then, in the era of National Health Insurance (JKN) by Social Security Administrator (BPJS), the AKI in 2004 was 109,2 per 100.000 live births. The study design was qualitative with grounded theory approach. There were 4 research focuses: 1) actors who contribute in labor services; 2) referral delay; 3) Community Health Center (Puskesmas) with basic essential obstetric–neonatal service (Poned); 4) profile of each obstetric services level in Semarang. The results showed that there were 2 groups of actors who contributed to prevention of maternal death. The first group were obstetrics and gynecologists, health surveyors, and professional organizations. The second group were family and society, including husband, mother, in-laws, and public figures. Many maternal death occurred in referral hospitals. There are three types of delay that often occur in Semarang, namely delay in decision-making, delay in accessing health services, and delay in acquiring health services.
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Rohmani, Ngatoiatu, and Dewi Utari. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Pelatihan Komunikasi Efektif bagi Kader Posyandu." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.202051.271.
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COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT TROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH VOLUNTEER (CADRE) OF POSYANDU. Community participation for creating Indonesia’s health development is necessary. One of manifestation of community empowerment is through Posyandu activities that are managed by community health volunteers (cadre) with the aim of providing facilities to the public in obtaining basic health services as a promotive and preventive health strategy in community. Cadres as the driving agent need to be equipped with health promotion skills as an attempt to create national health development optimally. The purpose of this community service is to provide knowledge of effective communication, and to introduce of communication media for promoting of health information. The methods of conducting communication training include: survey activities, communication training, preparing health promotion media and evaluation. The results of the training showed that participants had good communication skills, participants were able to practice effective communication techniques and realized the importance of the media to promote Posyandu activities.
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Kingdon, D., and A. Gregoire. "Mental health care pathways." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72253-2.
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IntroductionThe term, care pathway, has been used to describe multidisciplinary/ multi-agency outline of anticipated care, placed in an appropriate timeframe, to help a patient with a specific condition or set of symptoms move progressively through a clinical experience to positive outcomes. In practice, a multitude of disparate projects have produced outputs ranging from pages of interconnected boxes and arrows with rather basic entries to thick and indigestible wads of paper. Certainly the idea of a ‘mental health care pathway’ accessible and used by the general public, service users, carers, primary and secondary care has seemed overwhelmingly complex and unworkable.Aims & objectivesTo make relevant service and clinical information available when and where in a person's progress or a clinician treatment path it was needed.MethodWebsite hyperlinks allow linkage within websites and to other websites with relevant information (e.g. ICD10, NICE guidelines, and Patient information leaflets). A development prototype funded by the UK NHS has been established to form the basis for a website to be launched in mid-2011 (www.mentalhealth.southcentral.nhs.uk).ResultsThe prototype contains links to evidence-based information on maintaining mental health and on ‘coping with problems’. Service Pathways describe detail of processes occurring in mental health care. Diagnostic care pathways start as broad categories [Kingdon et al, 2010] with links to diagnosis, medication (e.g. connects to the National Formulary) and psychological management sites.ConclusionsWeb technology allows information about mental health care pathways to be accessed more systematically and readily and has application internationally.
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Theresia, Nita, and Rikiy Rikiy. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Ibu dalam Pemanfaatan Posyandu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Menteng Kota Palangka Raya." Jurnal Surya Medika 6, no. 1 (August 29, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v6i1.1353.
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Central Kalimantan achievement rate in several public health indicators is below the national achievement such as Td2+ immunization coverage (46.2%), postpartum maternity service coverage (76.75%), complete basic immunization coverage (87.3%), and prevalence of lean children (10.6%) and stunting (39%). Utilization of health services, especially posyandu, is still not optimal, which has an impact on the number of children under five suffering from malnutrition and the coverage of several posyandu activities that are still below the national achievement rate. The research design used was observational analytic using a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were all mothers who came to posyandu who were selected by the total sampling technique. From the results of univariate analysis, most mothers who actively use services at posyandu are mothers who are in the age range of 20-35 years, amounting to 55%, the last high school education is as much as 40%, mothers who have toddlers and not working 85%, affordable distance 90%, and non-routine visits to posyandu 87.5%. Based on bivariate analysis, no independent variables (age, education, occupation, and distance) were found which showed the influence on the use of posyandu services.
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Hushchuk, I. V., V. A. Smiianov, and I. M. Kyrychuk. "Training of personnel for the domestic public health system: challenges and prospects." Environment & Health, no. 4 (105) (December 2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.014.
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The purpose of this work is to analyze the current state and develop basic proposals for the further development of the draft National Plan for the Development of Human Resources for the Public Health System in the intersectoral and intersectoral direction – «Health care in all government policies» based on an assessment of the best practices of foreign and domestic experience. Materials and methods: The research material was the documents of international and domestic professional organizations, publications on international experience in training personnel on the fundamental principles of preventive public health. We used data from our preliminary research on the assessment of basic health systems and analyzed scientific data on current public health issues. To solve the tasks set in the work, a set of methods was used: historical, analytical, comparative, systematic approach. Results: Emerging threats and emergencies in the field of public health in recent years included the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the failure of global health systems to effectively deal with such challenges. For the development of new effective health care systems, it is necessary to change the paradigm and policies in personnel training using advanced and effective practices of international and domestic schools of preventive medicine, incl. on the example of organizing the experience of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine to control the safe environment of human life and counteract biological threats. Conclusions: It is advisable to identify those domestic developments in the training of personnel for the field of public health that have no corresponding analogues at the international level and initiate expansion of cooperation with relevant European associations, for example, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER), the Public Health Accreditation Agency (APHEA); the European Public Health Association (EUPHA); EuroHealthNet; European Public Health Alliance (EPHA); European Health Management Association (EHMA).
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Aranda, Zeus, Thierry Binde, Katherine Tashman, Ananya Tadikonda, Bill Mawindo, Daniel Maweu, Emma Jean Boley, et al. "Disruptions in maternal health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: experiences from 37 health facilities in low-income and middle-income countries." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 1 (January 2022): e007247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007247.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has heterogeneously affected use of basic health services worldwide, with disruptions in some countries beginning in the early stages of the emergency in March 2020. These disruptions have occurred on both the supply and demand sides of healthcare, and have often been related to resource shortages to provide care and lower patient turnout associated with mobility restrictions and fear of contracting COVID-19 at facilities. In this paper, we assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of maternal health services using a time series modelling approach developed to monitor health service use during the pandemic using routinely collected health information systems data. We focus on data from 37 non-governmental organisation-supported health facilities in Haiti, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mexico and Sierra Leone. Overall, our analyses indicate significant declines in first antenatal care visits in Haiti (18% drop) and Sierra Leone (32% drop) and facility-based deliveries in all countries except Malawi from March to December 2020. Different strategies were adopted to maintain continuity of maternal health services, including communication campaigns, continuity of community health worker services, human resource capacity building to ensure compliance with international and national guidelines for front-line health workers, adapting spaces for safe distancing and ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment. We employ a local lens, providing prepandemic context and reporting results and strategies by country, to highlight the importance of developing context-specific interventions to design effective mitigation strategies.
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Blom, P. P., and D. E. Uwizeyimana. "Assessing the Effectiveness of e-Government and e-Governance in South Africa: During National Lockdown 2020." Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p208.
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This article aims to assess the effectiveness of e-Government and e-Governance service during the national lockdown in South Africa. The focus of this article is on e-Health, e-Education and e-Municipal Services delivery, as these are the most sought-after e-Services during the national lockdown caused by COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic in 2020. Education, health, and municipal services are some of the core functions that could not be paused during the lockdown due to their importance. The methodology used in this research is mainly qualitative. Unobtrusive research techniques based on documentary and theoretical analysis will be applied to assess the state and use of e-Government and e-Governance within the public sector during the national lockdown in South Africa. The findings of this article suggest that government failed to achieve its objective of building an inclusive Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) infrastructure in South Africa. Even though steps have been taken by the government to provide free access to basic e-Services, network coverage, and ICT infrastructures, poverty and inequality remain the major challenges in rural areas. The findings of this research suggest that the South African government needs to build ICT infrastructures in rural areas and to provide citizens with training on how to utilise ICT infrastructures in order to reduce the gap between rural and urban areas.
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Kim, Yeon-Yong, Hae-young Hong, Kyu-Dong Cho, and Jong Heon Park. "Family tree database of the National Health Information Database in Korea." Epidemiology and Health 41 (October 1, 2019): e2019040. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019040.
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We constructed the family tree database (DB) by using a new family code system that can logically express interpersonal family relationships and by comparing and complementing health insurance eligibility data and resident register data of the National Health Information Database (NHID). In the family tree DB, Parents and grandparents are matched for more than 95% of those who were born between 2010 and 2017. Codes for inverse relationships and extended relationships are generated using sequences of the three-digit basic family codes. The family tree DB contains variables such as sex, birth year, family relations, and degree of kinship (maximum of 4) between subjects and family members. Using the family tree DB, we find that prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer are higher for those with family history. The family tree DB may omit some relationships due to incomplete past data, and some family relations cannot be uniquely determined because the source data only contain relationships between head and members of the household. The family tree DB is a part of the NHID, and researchers can submit requests for data on the website at http://nhiss.nhis.or.kr. Requested data will be provided after approval from the data service review board. However, the family tree DB can be limitedly provided for studies with high public value in order to maximize personal information protection.
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Pupo Ochoa, Yarima. "Analysis of the national health system of Cuba." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-4-737-750.
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This article discusses a set of issues relevant to the current state of the health care system of the Republic of Cuba. The purpose of the study is to give an idea of the dynamics of national health development and compare the results achieved in this sector from 2010 to 2018. The consideration of these problems begins with a description of the demographic context that reflects the general health status of the population. The basic structure of the health system, beneficiaries and benefits in the field of health, sources of financing and expenditures on health, available resources and user satisfaction with the services received were also taken into account. The paper also provides an assessment of the main problems that the Ministry of Health will have to solve in the short and medium term, which will entail the need to develop and implement new management strategies for health institutions. The study was based on a theory of analysis of the health sector adapted to the specifics of Cuban public health, providing guidance to the work of the Ministry of Health and health managers in order to achieve a higher level of satisfaction and quality.
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Tao, Wenjuan, Zhi Zeng, Haixia Dang, Bingqing Lu, Linh Chuong, Dahai Yue, Jin Wen, Rui Zhao, Weimin Li, and Gerald F. Kominski. "Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 3 (March 2020): e002086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086.
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Universal health coverage (UHC) is driving the global health agenda. Many countries have embarked on national policy reforms towards this goal, including China. In 2009, the Chinese government launched a new round of healthcare reform towards UHC, aiming to provide universal coverage of basic healthcare by the end of 2020. The year of 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of China’s most recent healthcare reform. Sharing China’s experience is especially timely for other countries pursuing reforms to achieve UHC. This study describes the social, economic and health context in China, and then reviews the overall progress of healthcare reform (1949 to present), with a focus on the most recent (2009) round of healthcare reform. The study comprehensively analyses key reform initiatives and major achievements according to four aspects: health insurance system, drug supply and security system, medical service system and public health service system. Lessons learnt from China may have important implications for other nations, including continued political support, increased health financing and a strong primary healthcare system as basis.
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Sung, Soo-Hyun, You-Sang Baik, Ji-Eun Han, Eun-Jin Lee, Jihye Kim, Minjung Park, Ji-Yeon Lee, Jang-Kyung Park, Jung-Youn Park, and Eunkyung Lee. "Traditional Korean Medicine Home Care for the Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010493.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the status of community care services regarding traditional Korean medicine (TKM) for older adults and raise awareness on current opinions and services of TKM institutions. Methods: The National Development Institute of Korean Medicine conducted a survey of 16 local governments by sending official letters through an electronic document system from October 2020 to November 2020. The survey items included basic demographic information and information about TKM service. Results: Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 local governments provided TKM home care services. A total of 136 TKM clinics provided home care services for 598 older adults with musculoskeletal disorders. The number of TKM services provided in five or more local governments were cupping 11 (100.0%), acupuncture 11 (100.0%), education and consulting 10 (90.9%), and moxibustion 9 (81.8%). Moreover, pain (recorded on visual analogue scale) and quality of life significantly improved following TKM services (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Covered under medical policy, TKM homecare services could function as a viable alternative for continued medical care disrupted during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. In addition, standardisation and legalisation of these services could ensure and improve their efficiency.
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Costa, Karen Sarmento, Noêmia Urruth Leão Tavares, José Miguel do Nascimento Júnior, Sotero Serrate Mengue, Juliana Álvares, Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior, Francisco de Assis Acurcio, and Orlando Mario Soeiro. "Pharmaceutical services in the primary health care of the Brazilian Unified Health System:." Revista de Saúde Pública 51 (September 22, 2017): 3s. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051007146.
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This study is a synthesis of the main results of the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), Evaluation Component of the Basic Pharmaceutical Services. Based on the critical narrative of the elements of Brazil’s pharmaceutical policies, we discuss aspects related to the structure of the pharmaceutical services, the medicines’ sanitary state, human resources, access to medicines, rational use and management. Despite the advances that reflect the commitment of the group of actors involved, the results of the Survey indicate challenges, such as equitable access to medicines, the structuring of pharmaceutical services, the improvement of logistics and administration, and the implementation of actions directed to pharmaceutical care in the health units
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Barron, Peter, Joanne Peter, Amnesty E. LeFevre, Jane Sebidi, Marcha Bekker, Robert Allen, Annie Neo Parsons, Peter Benjamin, and Yogan Pillay. "Mobile health messaging service and helpdesk for South African mothers (MomConnect): history, successes and challenges." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 2 (April 2018): e000559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000559.
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MomConnect is a flagship programme of the South African National Department of Health that has reached over 1.5 million pregnant women. Using mobile technology, MomConnect provides pregnant and postpartum women with twice-weekly health information text messages as well as access to a helpdesk for patient queries and feedback. In just 3 years, MomConnect has been taken to scale to reach over 95% of public health facilities and has reached 63% of all pregnant women attending their first antenatal appointment. The helpdesk has received over 300 000 queries at an average of 250 per day from 6% of MomConnect users. The service is entirely free to its users. The rapid deployment of MomConnect has been facilitated by strong government leadership, and an ecosystem of mobile health implementers who had experience of much of the content and technology required. An early decision to design MomConnect for universal coverage has required the use of text-based technologies (short messaging service and Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) that are accessible via even the most basic mobile phones, but cumbersome to use and costly at scale. Unlike previous mobile messaging services in South Africa, MomConnect collects the user’s identification number and facility code during registration, enabling future linkages with other health and population databases and geolocated feedback. MomConnect has catalysed additional efforts to strengthen South Africa’s digital health architecture. The rapid growth in smartphone penetration presents new opportunities to reduce costs, increase real-time data collection and expand the reach and scope of MomConnect to serve health workers and other patient groups.
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Marwat, Mohammad Imran, Katrina A. Ronis, and Noor Sanauddin. "Health Needs and Care Seeking Behavior of Internally Displaced Persons Living in Jalozai Camp (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).41.
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Since 2009, an estimated 3 million people were displaced in Pakistan of which 10% took refuge in “camps”. To ascertain their health needs and care-seeking behavior an exploratory crosssectional survey was undertaken from November 2017 to April 2018 in Jalozai camp by interviewing 318 household heads and 318 married females using systematic and convenient sampling techniques respectively. Study findings revealed that 91% of the IDPs received some assistance for shelter, food, water, sanitation and basic health services while 37% of respondents had difficulties in fulfilling their family food demands, 38% had poor access to water. The prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases in the camp was 29% and 23% respectively. Demand for basic public health needs and health services was high and required active and coordinated interventions by both the public and private sectors. The study recommends a national health framework for IDPs.
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Dagaga, Diriba Temesgen, and Girma Deboch Geleta. "Water and Latrine Services and Associated Factors among Residents of Negele Town, Southeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1203514.
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Background. Access to at least a basic water service, improved sanitation, and hygiene contribute to the human health and socioeconomic development of a country. This study was conducted to assess the water and latrine service coverage and related factors among dwellers of Negele town, southeast Ethiopia. Method. Two Kebeles (small administrative units) were randomly selected from each of the three zones of the town to collect data via questionnaires from randomly selected household heads (380), interviews of purposely selected key informants (40), and personal observations employing a cross-sectional survey design from March to May 2018. A Chi-square test was conducted to examine the association between various demographic factors and having latrine/tap water. Result. Latrine coverage of the town was low (45%) mainly due to shortage of land or funds and expansion of illegal houses. The available latrines were poor in hygiene. Water service (solely tap water) coverage was very low (7.6%) as a result of deficient water sources and nonfunctioning pipelines. The zones, age, educational status, marital status, and family size of the participants were statistically significantly associated with having latrine or tap water, p < 0.05 . The administration of the town has planned to build four public toilets and raise its water supply coverage to about 70% by 2019/2020. Conclusion. Coverage of latrine and water services of Negele town were so low, implying that it is not on track to achieve the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal target 6.1 and 6.2. The administration of the town should provide land to residents and search for fund sources for the construction of standardized private and public toilets. Utilizing various water sources, maintaining nonfunctional, and constructing new pipelines should be promoted to improve the water service coverage of the town targeting the national and UN sustainable development goals.
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Rodrigues, Kamilla Zampieri, Camila Ferreira Pires Mattos, Dariele Aparecida Ferreira, Luiza Foltran de Azevedo Koch, Ernesto Josué Schmitt, and Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo. "Grau de satisfação entre os usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde no estado do Paraná, Brasil." Scientia Medica 28, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 32253. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32253.
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AIMS: To evaluate the users' degree of satisfaction with the structure and services provided in a Basic Health Unit of the Public Health System.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included individuals aged ≥18 years, of both genders, individually interviewed from March to May 2018 at the Ferraria Basic Health Unit, Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil. A structured questionnaire contained sociodemographic information and questions adapted from the instrument used in the National Health Services Evaluation Program, regarding satisfaction with the staff, waiting time and local physical structure. Descriptive analysis of the data was followed by the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Poisson regression tests. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The sample consisted of 373 users who met the inclusion criteria, of whom 72.9% were female, 82.8% were white race/skin color, 69.0% had low income and 36.4% had low schooling.The health team was the best evaluated item (73.3% of answers in the categories "very good" and "good"); and the waiting time for service was the worst evaluated item (61.5% of answers "bad" or "very poor"). In the bivariate analysis, the health team care was not associated with any independent variables. In the general evaluation of the establishment, the categories "very good/good", "regular", "bad" and "very bad" were evaluated respectively by 84 (27.4%), 128 (41.7%), 67 (21.8%) and 28 (9.1%) white users; and 22 (34.9%), 34 (54.0%), 7 (11.1%) and 0 (0.0%) non-white users (p=0.006). In the Poisson regression model, low schooling was associated with a 1.5 times greater chance of not knowing where to complain in case of poor care.CONCLUSIONS: The degree of satisfaction of the users of the Ferraria Basic Health Unit was influenced by factors such as race/skin color, income and schooling. Non-white users expressed a higher degree of satisfaction than white users. Users with low schooling knew less where to complain if service was not satisfactory. Although the evaluation was generally positive, some items were identified as unsatisfactory, deserving corrective measures.