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1
1971-, Feng Huiyun, ed. Prospect theory and foreign policy analysis in the Asia Pacific: Rational leaders and risky behavior. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.
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2
Nicholas, Tarrier, ed. Families of schizophrenic patients: Cognitive behavioural intervention. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1997.
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3
Narcissistic process and corporate decay: The theory of the organization ideal. New York: New York University Press, 1990.
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4
The Nazis' march to chaos: The Hitler era through the lenses of chaos-complexity theory. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000.
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5
Stabilisierungspolitik bei supranationaler Geldpolitik und nationaler Fiskalpolitik: Eine spieltheoretische Betrachtung. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2004.
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6
American tantalus: Horizons, happiness, and the impossible pursuits of US literature and culture. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014.
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Adams, James F., Samuel Merrill III, and Bernard Grofman. A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Adams, James F., Samuel Merrill III, and Bernard Grofman. A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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9
Nezu, Christine Maguth, Christopher R. Martell, and Arthur M. Nezu. Specialty Competencies in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195382327.001.0001.
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Influenced by a profession-wide recognition of the unique and distinct nature among psychological specialty practice as well as efforts to define professional competence, this online resource illustrates how cognitive and behavioural psychologists actualize each area of professional activity associated with the areas of competence currently delineated by professional psychology through national consensus working groups and conferences. It provides information for best practices designated under the main areas of foundational and functional competencies, with each chapter focused on a specific area of competence, including information on foundational knowledge that informs competent cognitive and behavioural specialists, with regard to theory and scientific research, ethical practice, and competence in individual and multicultural diversity. Delineated functional areas of competence include assessment methods, case formulation, interventions, consultation, supervision, and teaching. Professional competencies with regard to therapeutic and collegial interpersonal interactions and identity as well as continuing professional development are also addressed.
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Huggins, Robert, and Piers Thompson. A Behavioural Theory of Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.001.0001.
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This book is motivated by a belief that theories of economic development can move beyond the generally known factors and mechanisms of such development. It establishes a behavioural theory of economic development illustrating that differences in human behaviour across cities and regions are a significant deep-rooted cause of uneven development. Fusing a range of concepts relating to culture, psychology, human agency, institutions, and power, it proposes that the uneven economic development and evolution of cities and regions within and across nations are strongly connected with the underlying forms of behaviour enacted by humans both individually and collectively. Integrating theoretical and empirical analysis, the book builds upon entrepreneurial and innovation theories of economic evolution to make sense of the cultural, psychological, and agentic components and elements of city and regional economic ecosystems that lead to long-term differentials in development. For social scientists with an interest in understanding the nature of uneven economic development, the book provides a novel theory of the role of human behaviour, psychocultural context, and institutions in the evolution and uneven development of cities and regions. This human behaviour is framed in the form of the ‘behavioural profile’ of cities and regions encompassing citizens in terms of their personalities, cultural histories, aspirations, and perceived opportunities, as well as their broader propensities to act in certain ways.
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Salter, Frank. The Biosocial Study of Ethnicity. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.36.
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This chapter reviews behavioral biological analyses of ethnic solidarity and conflict. The universality of ethnic behavior, including frequent altruism, points to evolutionary origins. This chapter reviews the history of research into ethnicity by ethologists, sociobiologists, and evolutionary psychologists. The biosocial approach is unique in tracing causality back to adaptations, including brain functions and the evolutionary processes that selected them. One such selection process is cultural group strategies in which rules and beliefs adopted by a group help it replace others. The most influential biosocial theory states that ethnic solidarity is nepotism extended to the population. Ethnic nepotism theory and other insights have been fruitful in suggesting research directions. These include ethnic group dominance, superorganism theory applied to ethnic middleman groups, the idea that ethnic trust boosts economic competitiveness by reducing transaction costs, and the finding that ethnocultural diversity increases social conflict. Other research concerns national character.
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Hill, David, and Helen Dixon. Achieving behavioural changes in individuals and populations. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550173.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 considers how behavioural theory and research can be translated into successful cancer prevention programmes. Such programmes may be applied at the individual, group, community or national level. The agenda for behavioural interventions in cancer prevention is set by rigorous epidemiological analysis. The ultimate goal of behavioural interventions is to enable individuals to reduce their cancer risk by engaging in recommended preventive behaviours. To reach this goal, a thorough analysis of factors underpinning the behaviour in question is needed to identify possible targets for intervention. This foundation can be strengthened by consideration of key psychological principles known to be important drivers of health-related behaviour. Chapter 3 presents the Big Five Principles of Behaviour Change and suggest how they may be applied to promoting and evaluating change in cancer preventive behaviour.
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Feng, Huiyun, and Kai He. Prospect Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis in the Asia Pacific: Rational Leaders and Risky Behavior. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Macdonald, Neil William. Random and deterministic (nonrandom) aspects of athletic behavior with special reference to the National Hockey League. 1990.
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15
Bronner, Simon J., ed. The Oxford Handbook of American Folklore and Folklife Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190840617.001.0001.
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This handbook surveys the materials, approaches, and contexts of American folklore and folklife studies to guide folklorists and students/scholars of American culture, history, and society through more than 350 years of work in the subject. To cover the contextual and behavioral aspects as well as textual materials of American folklore and folklife studies, the handbook contains forty-three chapters under four major headings of (1) background, theory, and practice; (2) genres, processes, and practitioners; (3) settings, contexts, and institutions; and (4) groups, networks, and communities. In addition to long-standing areas of cultural study such as folktales and speech, the handbook includes areas that have emerged in the twenty-first century such as the Internet, poetry slams, sexual orientations and practices, neurodiverse identities (e.g., Aspies), disability groups (e.g., deaf), and bodylore. The result is a reference work that serves as both a survey of folklore and folklife studies as they have been practiced and a guide to their future. Shaping these studies has been the cultural diversity and changing national boundaries of the United States, relative youth of the nation and its legacy of mass immigration, mobility of residents and their relation to an indigenous and racialized population, and a varied landscape and settlement pattern. The handbook is a reference, therefore, to American studies as well as the global study of tradition, folk arts, and cultural practice.
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Langston, Joy K. Voting Behavior in Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 discusses trends in mass electoral behavior in Mexico from the 1980s to 2012. Mexico’s authoritarian regime held elections for municipal, state, and federal races from 1930 onward without interruption and the PRI’s candidates won almost every one of these elections through the end of the 1980s. From 1988, with the upswing in competition, voters opted for other options and their choices were respected. Once the PRI lost the 2000 election, however, its support did not collapse because the PRI’s brand name continued to offer Mexican voters the assurance of a certain type of pragmatic governing style. This proved a strong impetus toward party unity. In the decade after the transition, the PRI continued to be Mexico’s only “national” party that is able to win elections in all regions of the country: it is usually in first or second place in voters’ preferences from Baja California to Yucatán.
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Schwartz, Howard S. Narcissistic Process and Corporate Decay : The Theory of the Organizational Ideal. New York University Press, 1992.
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18
Tarrier, Nicholas, and Christine Barrowclough. Families of Schizophrenic Patients: Cognitive Behavioural Intervention (Mental Health Nursing & the Community). Stanley Thornes Publishers, 1992.
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19
Kleespies, Phillip M. Future Directions and Conclusion. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.36.
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In this concluding chapter, further emphasis is given to the critical need for education and training for psychologists and other mental health providers in the evaluation and management of behavioral emergencies. It is noted that the need for such training has been cited by several national and international organizations concerned with health care. Next, there is a discussion of some aspects of behavioral emergencies that are in need of future research and some promising directions for the prevention of suicide and interpersonal violence (e.g., means restriction and means restriction counseling). Finally, the importance of remaining evidence-based in clinical work is discussed, as well as what “evidence-based” might mean in a dynamic area of practice such as behavioral emergencies.
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Ichiyama, Michael, Annie Wescott, Kayla Swart, Sarah Harrison, and Kelly Birch. Developmental Transitions and College Student Drinking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0016.
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Alcohol misuse on college campuses is an ongoing national public health concern. For many young adults, the transition to college is a high-risk period for the initiation or continuation of problem drinking behaviors. Contrary to assertions of diminishing influence of parents on their children once they enter college, a substantial body of recent research supports the continuing protective influence of parents on the drinking behavior of college students. This chapter reviews the empirical research literature examining parental influences on college student drinking. Recent studies on parental influence on college drinking include parenting styles, parental monitoring, parent–child communication, parental modeling and attitudes toward drinking, and parental relationship quality. Recently developed parent-based interventions designed to reduce problem drinking on college campuses are described and reviewed. Recommendations for parents of college-bound children are provided to help reduce the risk for the development of problem drinking during this important developmental transition.
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Taylor, Joseph J., and Robert Ostroff. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Edited by Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari, and Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0024.
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This chapter will summarize what is considered to be the first randomized controlled trial to directly compare psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions for unipolar nonpsychotic depression. More specifically, the authors were interested in the degree to which cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, imipramine and a placebo condition ameliorated symptoms of depression in patients from outpatient psychiatric clinics at three academic medical centers in the United States. The chapter will discuss the design and implementation of the study before focusing on the results and their implications. The last section of the chapter will list similar studies and present a hypothetical clinical case that requires the reader to apply basic concepts learned from the study.
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Herrera, Carolina, Joanna Kubik, Meagan Docherty, and Paul Boxer. Forensic Settings and Juvenile Justice. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.44.
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The National Center for Juvenile Justice estimated that 54,000 juveniles are held in out-of-home placements daily and indicated that in 2013, over 31 million youth were under juvenile court jurisdiction. Detainment of juveniles often triggers or exacerbates mental health issues. The breadth and depth of the juvenile justice system means that there are several different points at which clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals might serve youth within the system. The most effective intervention approaches tend to rely on cognitive behavioral strategies, behavioral skill development and generalization, and family involvement. For clinicians wishing to enter the juvenile justice field, it is important to understand the goals of the juvenile justice system, how this system was established, and how its structures and processes affect involved youth.
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Camasso, Michael J., and Radha Jagannathan. Caught in the Cultural Preference Net. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672782.001.0001.
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In this book, the authors focus their attention on the role that culture, that collection of values, beliefs, attitudes, and preferences responsible for creating national identities, has played and continues to play on individuals’ decisions when they are in or about to enter the labor market. At a time when millennials face many employment challenges and Generation Z can be expected to encounter even more, a clearer understanding of the ways cultural transmission could facilitate or hinder productive and rewarding work would appear to be both useful and well-timed. The book’s title—Caught in the Cultural Preference Net: Three Generations of Employment Choices in Six Capitalist Democracies—conveys the authors’ aim to determine if work-related beliefs, attitudes, and preferences have remained stable across generations or if they have become pliant under changing economic conditions. And while millennials serve as the anchoring point for much of our discussion, they do not neglect the significance that their parents from Generation X (b. 1965–1982) and their baby boomer parents (b. 1945–1964) may have had on their socialization into the world of work. The book is organized around three lines of inquiry: (a) Do some national cultures possess value orientations that are more successful than others in promoting economic opportunity? (b) Does the transmission of these value orientations demonstrate persistence irrespective of economic conditions or are they simply the result of these conditions? (c) If a nation’s beliefs and attitudes do indeed impact opportunity, do they do so by influencing an individual’s preferences and behavioral intentions? The authors’ principal method for isolating the employment effects of cultural transmission is what is referred to as a stated preference experiment. They replicate this experiment in six countries—Germany, Sweden, Spain, Italy, India, and the United States—countries that have historically adopted significantly different forms of capitalism. They not only find some strong evidence for cultural stability across countries but also observe an erosion in this stability among millennials.
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Wierzbicki, James. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040078.003.0011.
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This concluding chapter urges readers to reflect on how American music from the Fifties is received today. Historians have described America's postwar years in various monikers: the age of doubt, the age of abundance, the proud decade, and the decade of fear. According to a 1972 article in Newsweek magazine, they were “The Fabulous Fifties,” a simple decade when “hip was hep and good was boss.” In America, the long decade of the Fifties was all of that. Even as it transpired, astute observers of human behavior noted the period's seemingly opposite trends. It can be argued that it is precisely these paradoxes—the national pride in America's wartime triumph versus a collective doubt about the nation's future directions—that gives the Fifties its special frisson.
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Davis, Shannon, and Theodore Greenstein. Why Who Cleans Counts. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336747.001.0001.
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While housework is an often-studied phenomenon, Why Who Cleans Counts frames the performance of housework as a way to understand power dynamics within couples. Using couple-level data from the United States-based National Survey of Families and Households (N = 3,906), we perform Latent Profile Analysis to identify five categories, or classes, of couples: Ultra-traditional, Traditional, Transitional Husbands, Egalitarian, and Egalitarian High Workload. The book describes how the housework classes and the behaviors of the couples within them reveal the power dynamics within the couples, power dynamics that center around gendered norms. Using Latent Trajectory Analysis, we follow the couples over time to examine change and stability in their housework performance; their behavior over time also reveals the use of power in their relationships. Finally, we examine the reported housework time of the adult children of the NSFH couples to determine the extent to which the power dynamics experienced in one’s childhood home shapes one’s own adult gendered performance of housework. The book concludes with suggestions for how practitioners and scholars might use the book’s findings given the changing demographics of the United States.
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Wittman, Donald A., and Barry R. Weingast, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy surveys the field of political economy. Over its long lifetime, political economy has had many different meanings: the science of managing the resources of a nation so as to provide wealth to its inhabitants for Adam Smith; the study of how the ownership of the means of production influenced historical processes for Marx; the study of the inter-relationship between economics and politics for some twentieth-century commentators; and for others, a methodology emphasizing individual rationality (the economic or public choice approach) or institutional adaptation (the sociological version). This Handbook views political economy as a grand (if imperfect) synthesis of these various strands, treating political economy as the methodology of economics applied to the analysis of political behaviour and institutions. The fifty-eight articles range from micro to macro, national to international, institutional to behavioural, methodological to substantive. Articles on social choice, constitutional theory, and public economics are set alongside ones on voters, parties and pressure groups, macroeconomics and politics, capitalism and democracy, and international political economy and international conflict.
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Watson, John Scott. Civic Participation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039867.003.0006.
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This chapter examines local political participation in the Prairie Crossing project and how it differs from national participation. Local political participation is defined as being involved in private government through the Prairie Crossing Homeowners Association and voting in county, township, and municipal elections; national participation is defined as voting in national elections and engaging in political activity such as working for a candidate, attending a political rally or meeting, and influencing others to vote. Using questions taken from the American National Election Studies (ANES) database, the chapter compares the political participation of Prairie Crossing's residents to that of the national cohort. In particular, it discusses the voting behavior of Prairie Crossing residents as well as their record of public service involving the environment, education, water policy, and state, county, and municipal government. It also asks whether Prairie Crossing has helped in changing the culture of civic participation at both the local and national levels.
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Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Understanding and Assessing Organizational Social Context (OSC). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the OSC measurement system. The OSC measure assesses culture, climate, and worker attitudes as the key components of OSC. Including multiple dimensions of culture and climate, the OSC measure provides a personality profile of organizations based on the responses of direct service providers within the work units that are assessed. Empirically derived, the dimensions and resulting measurement profiles allow users to assess the health of their organization’s social context using national norms for behavioral health and social service organizations. The authors explain the use of the OSC measure in their ARC organizational improvement process, and they integrate research and case examples to illustrate how the OSC measure can be applied for organizational assessment and change efforts. These efforts include using social context profiles to identify targets for change, action plans, and objectives to achieve within organizational development efforts.
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Hintz, Lisel. Linking Identity Politics and Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655976.003.0002.
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This chapter provides clear definitions of the concepts the book uses and the theory of inside-out identity contestation it develops. The chapter defines competing identity proposals as suggested understandings of the national self that prescribe and proscribe specific behaviors and red lines as particularly intolerable points of contention among supporters of various proposals. It then argues that identity hegemony is the goal of these supporters, and contestation is the process by which the contours of identity debates change over time in supporters’ efforts to achieve hegemony. The chapter briefly reviews relevant literature to carve out space for the book’s theoretical argument: when supporters of a proposal are blocked at the domestic level, they take their fight “outside” through the use of international institutional conditionality, transnational activist networks, and/or diasporic politics. The chapter also discusses the methodology of intertextual analysis and process tracing employed in the study.
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Crescenzi, Mark J. C. Reputation, Learning, and the Onset of Alliances. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609528.003.0005.
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This chapter empirically investigates the link between reputation and cooperation among nations, especially in cases of security alliance formation, which are especially fraught and high-stakes processes for nations. Specifically, the focus here is on testing the argument that when states develop reputations for competence in cooperative situations, they are more likely to experience cooperation in other future interstate affairs. These findings provide support for the conclusion that, when nations seek alliance partners, they pay close attention to the past alliance-related behavior of their potential partners with other states. Specific, historical instances of Anglo-German and Anglo-Japanese alliance formation clarify the arguments of this chapter.
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Gertler, Meric S. Manufacturing Culture. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233824.001.0001.
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This book presents a new conception of industrial practice and firm behavior. It explains how the cultures that shape the practices of firms and the trajectories of regional and national economies are actually produced. The analysis shows how the internal and inter-firm organization of production, use of technologies, and the industrial knowledge underpinning these practices are strongly influenced by their social and institutional context.
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Lansford, Jennifer E., and Prerna Banati, eds. Handbook of Adolescent Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.001.0001.
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Of 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today, 90% live in low- and middle-income countries. These adolescents not only face many challenges but also represent a resource to be cultivated through educational opportunities and vocational training to move them toward economic independence, through initiatives to improve reproductive health, and through positive interpersonal relationships to help them avoid risky behaviors and make positive decisions about their futures. This volume tackles the challenges and promise of adolescence by presenting cutting-edge research on adolescent social, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and physical development; promising programs from different countries to promote adolescents’ positive development; and policies that can advance adolescents’ rights within the framework of international initiatives, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Sustainable Development Goals, which are guiding the international development agenda through 2030. This volume seeks to provide actionable strategies for policymakers and practitioners working with adolescents. Disconnects between national-level policies and local services, as well as lack of continuity with early childhood responses, present a significant challenge to ensuring a coherent approach for adolescents. Increasingly, adolescent participation and demands for rights-based approaches are seen and often unfortunately conflated with violence. This volume adopts a positive framing of adolescence, representing young people as opportunities rather than threats, and a valued investment both at individual and societal levels, contributing to a positive shift in discourses around young people.
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Jones, Kent. Populism and Trade. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190086350.001.0001.
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Populism and Trade traces the role of populist trade policy in the increase of global protectionism and the erosion of international trade institutions. Populist anti-trade rhetoric played a major part in US President Donald Trump’s 2016 election campaign, in which he portrayed current trade agreements as elitist measures to undermine US manufacturing jobs, economic security, and the interests of the American people. Upon taking office he proceeded to implement trade restrictions that were unprecedented in the era of GATT-WTO rules. His use of national security criteria for unilateral tariffs on steel and aluminum and his trade war with China represented an abandonment of WTO trade rules and practices. In the United Kingdom, the 2016 Brexit referendum resulted in a vote to leave the European Union, thereby ending the UK trade integration arrangement that had begun in 1973. The referendum campaign drew on UK criticism of EU intrusion on UK sovereignty in presenting the issue in populist terms of elitist control from Brussels set against the interests of the victimized British people. The book develops a conceptual framework of protectionism that links behavioral factors with perceived external threats and voting behavior based on emotion. It also offers a review of trade policies of other populist governments and an assessment of their economic and institutional cost. A concluding chapter provides recommendations for addressing the populist challenge, focusing on adjustment policies, reforms of global trade institutions, and the need to protect domestic democratic processes.
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Moseley, Mason W. Protest from the Top Down. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0004.
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This chapter tests another observable implication of the protest state theory; namely that where protest has normalized as an everyday form of political voice, political elites actively mobilize demonstrators in pursuit of their goals. In other words, rather than serving only as a spontaneous political expression of the masses, protest is often orchestrated and managed by formal political organizations. I first investigate how linkages to political organizations fuel contentious behavior in protest states like Argentina and Bolivia, but are more strongly associated with conventional participation in strongly institutionalized contexts like Chile and Uruguay. Then, utilizing a unique battery of questions from the AmericasBarometer national surveys of Argentina and Bolivia, I also test the hypothesis that clientelism can motivate protest participation in a context where protest has normalized as a standard form of political voice.
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Phelps, Charles E., and Guru Madhavan. Making Better Choices. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190871147.001.0001.
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Making Better Choices is about how we make decisions together and the tools we use to get to those decisions. We make joint decisions out of necessity because the choices we make affect each other. Each decision we take has a consequence. This book reinforces why we need better systems design and analyses given the consequences of our decisions. It is also about carefully thinking about the values of the choices we make, whether they occur in a small meeting of individuals in a local association or community or in a national election. It will illuminate the differences between sincere behavior and strategic behavior to defeat an opponent in voting, the latter being quite common. The book will also review different voting systems, what their original intents were, and what their deficits are. In trying to bring all these topics together and more, the authors realized that the book is in essence an outcome of the arranged marriage between social choice and systems engineering that they conducted. The more one begins to explore the aspects of social choice and systems engineering, the more one realizes how much they have in common, and how much more they can offer if they are unified.
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Yarhi-Milo, Keren. Who Fights for Reputation. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181288.001.0001.
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This book provides an original framework, based on insights from psychology, to explain why some political leaders are more willing to use military force to defend their reputation than others. Rather than focusing on a leader's background, beliefs, bargaining skills, or biases, the book draws a systematic link between a trait called self-monitoring and foreign policy behavior. It examines self-monitoring among national leaders and advisers and shows that while high self-monitors modify their behavior strategically to cultivate image-enhancing status, low self-monitors are less likely to change their behavior in response to reputation concerns. Exploring self-monitoring through case studies of foreign policy crises during the terms of US presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton, the book disproves the notion that hawks are always more likely than doves to fight for reputation. Instead, it demonstrates that a decision-maker’s propensity for impression management is directly associated with the use of force to restore a reputation for resolve on the international stage. This book offers a brand-new understanding of the pivotal influence that psychological factors have on political leadership, military engagement, and the protection of public prestige.
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Epstein, William. The Masses are the Ruling Classes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190467067.001.0001.
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The Masses Are the Ruling Classes handles a neglected theme: social policy in the United States is determined by mass consent. Contemporary explanations of decision making in the United States typically attribute power over policy making to a variety of hidden forces and illegitimate elites, holding the masses innocent of their own problems. Yet the enormous openness of the society and nearly universal suffrage sustain democratic consent as more plausible than the alternatives (conspiracy, propaganda, usurpation, autonomous government, and imperfect pluralism). Despite the multitude of problems that the nation faces, its citizens are not oppressed. The core problem that blocks the maturation of American society is not democratic participation, but its content; popular preferences are romantic rather than pragmatic. None of these programs achieve their ends of poverty reduction or behavioral change. Rather, they persist as testimonials to America’s romantic preferences. Thus, if the American people are largely responsible for social policy, then they are also responsible for the problems that beset the nation, notably enormous economic and social inequality. If the masses rule policy choice, then the persistence of material and social deprivation that lies easily within the economic capacities of the nation to address suggests that the nation abides its inequalities and suffering. The commitment of American society to policy romanticism and its rejection of pragmatism blocks its social development.
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Ekas, Naomi V., Abdallah M. Badahdah, and Azza O. Abdelmoneium. The Well-Being of Families living with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Qatar. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137969.
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Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 1% of children worldwide. Children with autism have difficulties in social interactions and communication and often engage in repetitive behaviors or have restricted interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). As a result of their child’s autism diagnosis, parents of children with autism often experience increased stress and poorer psychological well-being. Moreover, relationships within the family (e.g., marital relationship) may be negatively impacted. Addressing the needs of family members, particularly parents, is critical, as decades of research have shown that parents’ psychological well-being can affect the way that parents interact with their children. These interactional patterns can, in turn, impact children’s development in many of the areas that are affected by autism, including the social and emotional, language, and cognitive domains. The government of Qatar has recently taken steps to address the needs of children with autism and their families. The overarching aim of the Qatar National Autism Plan is to improve the lives of individuals with autism and their families. The six pillars of the National Autism Plan are designed to address the needs of individuals with autism and their families in areas such as raising awareness about autism, receiving early diagnosis, and accessing treatment and education. Once these needs are met, it is likely that the families of children with autism in Qatar can flourish. However, there are likely to be other challenges and unmet needs that the National Autism Plan does not address, and it was with this in mind that this first comprehensive study of families of children with autism in Qatar was undertaken.
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Swales, Michaela A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758723.001.0001.
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This handbook examines theoretical, structural, clinical and implementation aspects of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for a variety of disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), suicidal behaviour in the context of BPD, substance use disorders, cognitive disabilities, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The volume considers the dialectical dilemmas of implementation with respect to DBT in both national and international systems, its adaptations in routine clinical settings, and its behavioural foundations. It also discusses evidence-based training in DBT, validation principles and practices in DBT, the biosocial theory of BPD, the structure of DBT programs, and the efficacy of DBT in college counseling centers. Finally, the book reflects on the achievements of DBT since the first treatment trial and considers challenges and future directions for DBT in terms of its theoretical underpinnings, clinical outcomes, adaptations and implementation in practice.
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Ogihara, Yuji. Economic Shifts and Cultural Changes in Individualism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between economic affluence and individualism from a cross-temporal perspective. Previous research has indicated that wealth and individualism are positively correlated at both the individual and the national level. This chapter discusses whether this relationship is also found at the temporal level. This chapter consists of three parts. First, a theory about the association between economic affluence and individualism is summarized. Second, the chapter introduces empirical evidence on temporal changes in individualism and their relationship with economic development in three cultures (United States, Japan, China). These studies indicated that the three cultures have shifted toward greater individualism over time. Moreover, these changes in individualism were positively linked to increases in economic affluence at the annual level. Third, the chapter is summarized and directions for future research are raised. Overall, this chapter discusses how socioecological factors and human psychologies/behaviors are associated particularly from a cross-temporal perspective.
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Moseley, Mason W. Contentious Engagement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the cross-national determinants of protest participation in Latin American democracies, testing several central expectations from the protest state theory. Drawing on data from the AmericasBarometer, a biennial survey conducted by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) from 2004 to 2014, and World Bank governance indicators, I use multilevel modeling techniques to evaluate how country-level institutional characteristics interact with individual-level indicators of political engagement to explain protest behavior. Rather than offering support for dominant grievance-based explanations of protest or theoretical perspectives couched solely within the resource mobilization or political opportunities traditions, I find that an interactive relationship between institutional context and civic engagement best explains why Latin Americans choose to protest.
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Evans, Dwight L., Edna B. Foa, Raquel E. Gur, Herbert Hendin, Charles P. O'Brien, Daniel Romer, Martin E. P. Seligman, and B. Timothy Walsh, eds. Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199928163.001.0001.
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Sponsored by the Adolescent Mental Health Initiative of the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) of the University of Pennsylvania and the Sunnylands Trust, this book provides a major update since the first edition in 2006. It addresses the state of our knowledge about mental health disorders in the teenage years, a developmental period when behavior and the brain are still “plastic.” Here, six commissions established by the APPC and the Sunnylands Trust pool their expertise on adolescent anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, depression and bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and suicide in sections that define each disorder, outline and assess treatments, discuss prevention strategies, and suggest a research agenda based on what we know and don’t know about these conditions. Two additional behavioral disorders—gambling and Internet addiction—are covered in this edition. As a counterpoint to its primary focus on mental illness, the volume also incorporates the latest research from a seventh commission—on positive youth development—which addresses how we can fully prepare young people to be happy and successful throughout their lives. Concluding chapters discuss other relevant issues: the stigma of mental illness and the research, policy, and practice context for the delivery of evidence-based treatments. Integrating the work of scholars in both psychology and psychiatry, this work will be an essential volume for academics and practicing clinicians and will serve as a wake-up call to mental health professionals and policymakers alike about the state of our nation's response to the needs of adolescents with mental disorders.
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Yamin, Rebecca, and Donna J. Seifert. The Archaeology of Prostitution and Clandestine Pursuits. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056456.001.0001.
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The archaeological study of prostitution in nineteenth-century American contexts grew out of the discovery of brothels in the 1990s during large urban projects done in compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act. This book provides an overview of many of those projects as well as detailed discussions of a brothel found at Five Points in New York City and several parlor houses found in Washington, D.C. The large artifact assemblages recovered in combination with detailed primary and secondary historical research have produced a complex picture of commercial sex, which the book discusses in both nineteenth-century and twenty-first century perspectives. Agency theory is used to link the practice of prostitution with other forms of clandestine behavior that have come to light through archaeology. Issues of gender, class, and race run through the archaeological study of clandestine behavior, which includes acts of resistance in public—from drinking on the job to piracy—and acts in private—from hiding caches of artifacts in vulnerable places to scratching inscrutable designs on ceramic pots. The book ends with questions that touch on the age-old conundrum of passing judgment. Should prostitution be decriminalized? Should the efficacy of spiritual practices be questioned? The value of anomalous artifacts and their interpretation is stressed as crucial to recognizing brothels and evidence of clandestine pursuits.
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Sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in the Region of the Americas. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122990.
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Sugar-sweetened beverage excise taxes are an effective evidence-based noncommunicable diseases (NCD) prevention policy. Along with tobacco and alcohol excise taxes, they are a tool to attain the Sustainable Development Goals, and are recommended by the World Health Organization to modify behavioral risk factors associated with obesity and NCDs, as featured in the WHO Global Action Plan. Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages have been described as a triple win for governments, because they 1) improve population health, 2) generate revenue, and 3) have the potential to reduce long-term associated healthcare costs and productivity losses. Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages has been implemented in more than 73 countries worldwide. In the Region of the Americas, 21 PAHO/WHO Member States apply national-level excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and seven jurisdictions apply local sugar-sweetened beverage taxes in the United States of America. While the number of countries applying national excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in the Region is promising, most of these taxes could be further leveraged to improve their impact on sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and health. This publication provides economic concepts related to the economic rationale for using sugar-sweetened beverage taxes and the costs associated with obesity; key considerations on tax design including tax types, bases, and rates; an overview of potential tax revenue and earmarking; evidence on the extent to which these taxes are expected to impact prices of taxed beverages, the demand for taxed beverages, and substitution to untaxed beverages; and responses to frequent questions about the economic impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation.
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Singh, Shane P. Beyond Turnout. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832928.001.0001.
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Compulsory voting is widely used in the democratic world, and it is well established that it increases electoral participation. This book assesses the effects of compulsory voting beyond turnout. The author first summarizes the normative arguments for and against compulsory voting, provides information on its contemporary use, reviews recent events pertaining to its (proposed) adoption and abolition, and provides an extensive account of extant research on its consequences. The author then advances a theory that compulsory voting polarizes behavior and attitudes, and broadens gaps in political sophistication levels, among those with negative and positive orientations toward democracy. Recognizing the impact of mandatory voting on the electorate, political parties then alter the ways in which they seek votes, with mainstream parties moderating their platforms and smaller parties taking more extreme positions. The author uses survey data from countries with compulsory voting to show that support for the requirement to vote is driven by individuals’ orientations toward democracy. The theory is then comprehensively tested using: cross-national data, cross-cantonal data from Switzerland, and survey data from Argentina. Empirical results are largely indicative of the theorized process whereby compulsory voting has divergent effects on citizens and political parties. The book concludes with a discussion of future directions for academic research, implications for those who craft electoral policy, and alternative ways of boosting turnout.
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Westendorf, Jasmine-Kim. Violating Peace. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748059.001.0001.
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This book investigates sexual misconduct by military peacekeepers and abuses perpetrated by civilian peacekeepers and non-UN civilian interveners. Based on extensive field research in Bosnia, Timor-Leste, and with the UN and humanitarian communities, the book uncovers a brutal truth about peacebuilding as it investigates how such behaviors affect the capacity of the international community to achieve its goals related to stability and peacebuilding, and its legitimacy in the eyes of local and global populations. As the book shows, when interveners perpetrate sexual exploitation and abuse, they undermine the operational capacity of the international community to effectively build peace after civil wars and to alleviate human suffering in crises. Furthermore, sexual misconduct by interveners poses a significant risk to the perceived legitimacy of the multilateral peacekeeping project, and the United Nations more generally, with ramifications for the nature and dynamics of United Nations in future peace operations. The book illustrates how sexual exploitation and abuse relates to other challenges facing UN peacekeeping, and shows how such misconduct is deeply linked to the broader cultures and structures within which peacekeepers work, and which shape their perceptions of and interactions with local communities. Effectively preventing such behaviors is crucial to global peace, order, and justice. The book thus identifies how policies might be improved in the future, based on an account of why they have failed to date.
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Spadt, Susan Kellogg, and Jennifer Yonaitis Fariello. Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Female Sexual Pain (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0016.
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An estimated 17–19% of women in the United States suffer from chronic sexual pain and dyspareunia of vulvovaginal origin. The majority will see several health care providers in an effort to comprehensively diagnose, evaluate, and decide on a management strategy for the condition. As a result of countless encounters with health care providers, and after trying numerous unsuccessful traditional medical interventions woman can feel frustrated and look to the use of complementary and alternative solutions to “solve their sexual health mystery.” According to the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, an estimated 83 million adults in the United States spent $33.9 billion dollars on complementary and alternative medicine. Complementary therapies, including psychotherapy, physical therapy, and behavioral modification strategies, are becoming increasingly popular for women who are seeking treatment of chronic sexual pain either as a first-line therapy monotherapy or as cotherapies added to traditional medical pharmacotherapy.
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Feinstein, Robert E., and Brian Rothberg. Violence. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0013.
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Potentially violent patients need immediate attention and evaluation to determine their risk of imminent violence. A past history of violence is the best predictor of future violent behavior, and individuals who have committed violent acts in the past and have been arrested for assaultive behavior represent the highest risk; people who carry weapons or have access to weapons are of relatively high risk. Individuals with violent impulses who are either intoxicated or are in withdrawal have the most extreme risk for imminent violence. The treatment of acute aggression or agitation involves the judicious use of sedative-anxiolytics or low doses of second-generation antipsychotics. SSRIs have been used to treat aggressive, impulsive, and violent symptoms, particularly in individuals with head injuries, and lithium carbonate can reduce impulsive aggression to extremely low levels in some aggressive patients. Two Tarasoff decisions have become national standards for clinical practice regarding “duty to warn” and “duty to protect” all potential victims of life-threatening danger from a homicidal patient.
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Buchan, Nancy R., and Robert Rolfe. The Influence of Globalization and Ethnic Fractionalization on Cooperation and Trust in Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0012.
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This research examines the effects of ethnic fractionalization and globalization on individual-level propensities toward generalized trust and cooperation at the national level. Conclusions regarding both ethnic-fractionalization and globalization remain mixed as to their influence on prosocial behavior. This chapter explores the relationship between these variables in Kenya, a country with an extremely heterogeneous population that has increased integration with the global economy over the past decade. Literate Kenyan male and female adults, ages 18 to 60, from two of Kenya’s largest ethnic groups, the Luo and Kikuyu, participated in an experimental public goods game in which players contribute to, and benefit from, a national account. Results are consistent with the argument that it is not ethnic fractionalization per se that is associated with lower cooperation but increased ethnic inequality. The implications of these findings are that trust and cooperation are highly contextually based and influenced by social and environmental factors.
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Colpan, Asli M., and Takashi Hikino, eds. Business Groups in the West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.001.0001.
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This volume aims to explore the long-term evolution of different varieties of large enterprises in today’s developed economies. It focuses on the economic institution of business groups and attempts to comprehend the factors behind their rise, growth, struggle, and resilience; their behavioral and organizational characteristics; and their roles in national economic development. The volume seeks to enhance the scholarly and policy-oriented understanding of business groups in developed economies by bringing together state-of-the-art research on the characteristics and contributions of large enterprises in an evolutionary perspective. While business groups are a dominant and critical organization model in contemporary emerging economies and have lately attracted much attention in academic circles and business presses, their counterparts in developed economies have not been systematically examined. This book aims to fill this gap in the literature and is the first scholarly attempt to explore the evolutional paths and contemporary roles of business groups in developed economies from an internationally comparative perspective. In doing so, it argues that business groups actually rose to function as a critical factor of industrial dynamics in the context of the Second Industrial Revolution in the late nineteenth century. They have adapted their characteristic roles and transformed to fit to the changing market and institutional settings. As they flexibly co-evolve with the environment, the volume shows that business groups can remain as a viable organization model in the world’s most advanced economies today.