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1
Worden, John K., and Michael D. Slater. "Theory and Practice in the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign." Social Marketing Quarterly 10, no. 2 (June 2004): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000490484464.
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This article will review the role of behavioral theory in the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign and then will identify lessons learned as the Campaign evolved to adjust to new insights and the realities of the mission. It should be noted that the primary dependence on national advertising, as opposed to a more integrated campaign using community-based or other media and social marketing strategies, or a more targeted, segmented campaign, was a premise of the Campaign as authorized by Congress. In other words, the role of social science was limited primarily to identifying desired attitudinal and behavioral outcomes and to helping develop message platforms and briefs that might help achieve those outcomes. Although social science input was not invited with respect to the broader strategic issues in prevention communication strategy, its application in the design and implementation of a major national media campaign has been a unique opportunity worthy of documentation and further consideration.
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Gupta, Kanishk, and Nupur Arora. "Investigating consumer intention to accept mobile payment systems through unified theory of acceptance model." South Asian Journal of Business Studies 9, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 88–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajbs-03-2019-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of key antecedents of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model 2 on behavioral intention to accept and use mobile payment systems in National Capital Region, India. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 267 mobile payment system users in National Capital Region was obtained through an online survey. A partial least squares method was used to find out whether key antecedents of UTAUT2 predict behavioral intention to accept mobile payment systems which further predicts use behavior toward mobile payment systems. Findings The research substantiates that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, habit and facilitating conditions significantly predict behavioral intention, which in turn significantly predict use behavior to use mobile payment systems. Both social influence and hedonic motivation were weak predictors of behavioral intention. Research limitations/implications The research substantiates that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, habit and facilitating conditions significantly predict behavioral intention, which in turn significantly predict use behavior to use mobile payment systems. Both social influence and hedonic motivation were weak predictors of behavioral intention. Originality/value The research substantiates that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, habit and facilitating conditions significantly predict behavioral intention, which in turn significantly predict use behavior to use mobile payment systems. Both social influence and hedonic motivation were weak predictors of behavioral intention.
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Thyer, Bruce A., and Kim Maddox. "Behavioral Social Work: Results of a National Survey on Graduate Curricula." Psychological Reports 63, no. 1 (August 1988): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.1.239.
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A review of the course content in behavior therapy and single-subject research designs offered by 67 of the 99 accredited or preaccredited graduate schools of social work was conducted. Although behavior therapy is a viable perspective in social work education, the approach seems embedded in a context of clinical eclecticism which does not seem likely to provide adequate training in either learning theory or behavioral methods.
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Retno Anggraini, Francisca Reni, and Fransiscus Asisi Joko Siswanto. "ETHICAL LEADERSHIP FOR INTERNAL AUDITOR: AN EXAMINATION OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2019.09.
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Abstract This study aims to empirically examine the influence of subjective norms, behavioral control, and intention on the attitude of internal auditors to report fraud with ethical leadership as a moderating variable. This study used a scenario-based survey of internal auditors working in state-owned and mid-level private companies. The sample was chosen by the non-random method because the sample was taken from the participants of the SNIA (National Internal Auditor Symposium) and in total, 117 respondents were gathered as valid samples. Data were analyzed using Warp PLS 4.0. This study proves that subjective norms and behavioral control have a positive effect on the attitude of internal auditors to report fraud, while intention has a negative influence on the attitude. Ethical leadership strengthens the positive influence of subjective norms and behavioral control on the attitude of the internal auditors. It also reinforces the negative influence of intention on the internal auditors’ attitude. This research supports a model of integration between Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory, which states that the environment, in this case ethical leadership, influences the internal auditor's cognition in making ethical decisions. However, this study cannot prove that ethical leadership can reduce the negative influence of intention on the attitude of internal auditors to report fraud.
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Waters, Robert M., and Michael Duncan. "Behavioral Safety Programs in the Department of Energy." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 20 (October 2001): 1524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104502018.
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Behavioral safety is the application of reinforcement theory to foster an increase in “safe behavior.” The process starts with a behavioral hazard analysis to identify unsafe workplace behaviors. A checklist is then developed to assist in the observation of work behavior. Safe and unsafe behaviors are recorded and provided as feedback (reinforcement) to the worker, which increases safe behavior leading to continuous improvement and worker involvement. Developed in the late 1970s, behavioral safety has an impressive track record. Research has shown that as safe behaviors increase, safety incidents decrease. Within the Department of Energy, behavioral safety has been instituted at industrial sites such as the Savannah River Site (SRS) and the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPRO), and at national laboratories such as Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL). In all cases, implementing the behavioral safety process has led to an increase in safe behavior and a decrease in overall safety incidents.
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Nikolenyi, Csaba. "A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 1077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905299973.
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A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors, J.F. Adams, S. Merill, III and B. Grofman, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 311.A Unified Theory of Party Competition continues the development of the important research agenda started by Merrill and Grofman's A Unified Theory of Voting: Directional and Spatial Proximity Models (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). This agenda focuses on integrating hitherto diverging streams of the literature in order to present sophisticated formal models that lead to empirically testable predictions with more realistic results than earlier models. As such, this book is at the cutting edge of developing the scientific study of politics. Although written with an explicit theoretical concern in mind, it presents a wealth of rigorous empirical tests, drawn from case studies of Britain, France, Norway and the Unites States, to demonstrate how well the theory travels across very different institutional and contextual settings.
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Wu, Hong Yu, and Bo Shi. "Study on Competition Motivation to the Intention of Adventurous Players." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.764.
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Research on behavioral intention model theory, with the national equestrian team, national basketball team and the 2010 National University Games 120 athletes (including 60 male athletes, the athletes belong to the collective project of 60) as the experimental objects, Started by the method of implicit cues and reward leads the race on the movement of risk behaviors reported.
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Kroh, Martin. "A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors." Acta Politica 42, no. 4 (November 21, 2007): 476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500199.
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Flocke, Susan A., Nora L. Nock, Sarah Fulton, Seunghee Margevicius, Sharon Manne, Neal J. Meropol, and Barbara J. Daly. "A National Study of Oncology Nurses Discussing Cancer Clinical Trials With Patients." Western Journal of Nursing Research 41, no. 12 (February 19, 2019): 1747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945919829145.
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In the United States less than 10% of cancer patients engage in clinical trials. Although most oncology nurses have multiple opportunities to discuss clinical trials with patients, barriers including attitudes and social norms may impede these discussions. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, we developed and evaluated measures for attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of nurses for discussing clinical trials with cancer patients. Of the 18,000 Oncology Nurse Society members invited, 1,964 completed the survey. Structural equation modeling and internal consistency reliability were used to evaluate items and constructs. We found that overall model fit and reliability was good: Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI) = 0.91, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05; attitudes, 21 items, alpha = 0.84; perceived behavioral control, 10 items, alpha = 0.85; and subjective norms, 9 items, alpha = 0.89. These measures of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control show good reliability and initial evidence of validity.
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Chung, Eun Bin. "Can Affirming National Identity Increase International Trust? Experimental Evidence from South Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Nationals." International Studies Review 16, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01601005.
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How can states with a history of conflict promote trust with one another? Distrust between South Korea-Japan and China-Japan aggravates security fears and limits institutional cooperation in the region. Existing studies support the promotion of a common, overarching identity (e.g. “Asian-ness”) over a strong sense of national belonging. Are salient national identities harmful or helpful for increasing trust between countries? Applying the psychological theory of group-affirmation to an international context and integrating experimental methods from behavioral economics, I aim to examine whether affirming national identities can increase trust of another country. In a novel experiment with South Korean, Chinese, and Japanese participants, I find that group-affirmed individuals reported higher levels of trust, measured by payments in a trust game.
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Wu, Yun Na, Shao Qing Zheng, and Lei Tan. "Research on Civil Projects among the Participates in Government Investment Projects Based on Rent-Seeking Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (January 2015): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.335.
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Government investment project is the focus of the national construction, also is one of main driving force for the development of the national economy, and the amount of money involved is often large, as well as distributed in all parts of the country , therefore it takes an crucial position in the entire national economy. Moreover, from the perspective of the nature, government investment projects and people's work and life are closely related, which is a hotspot that arose widespread concerns in the whole society. The participants in government investment projects mainly include government, authority department and the contractor, and they reverberate through the project. Each participant's behavior will have a significant impact on the project, and behavioral problems in project management occupies increasingly important role, therefore it is significant to strengthen the research on the behavioral risk of project participants. This paper mainly investigates the rent-seeking activities, which would exist between authority department and the contractor, and aims at improving the supervision effect through the game analysis model.
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Karpinski, Christine A., and Kellianne Milliner. "Assessing Intentions to Eat a Healthful Diet Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Collegiate Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.2.06.
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Context Many athletes fail to obtain the optimal levels of energy and nutrients to support health and performance. The constructs underlying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) may help identify barriers to healthful eating that can be addressed in nutrition-education programs. Objective To use the TPB to examine factors regarding collegiate male and female student-athletes' intentions of eating a healthful diet. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey tool. Patients or Other Participants The survey was taken by 244 male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II athletes, and data from 201 were analyzed. Mean age of the athletes was 20 ± 1.31 years (range, 18–24 years); most were white (86.1%) and female (78.6%). Main Outcome Measure(s) We assessed predictive strength of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions. Regression analysis evaluated how the variables of TPB were valued and how they predict behavioral intentions. Results The combination of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls accounted for 73.4% (R 2) of the variance in behavioral intention (F = 180.82, P < .001). Attitude had the greatest influence on behavioral intentions (β = .534, P < .001). Conclusions Understanding both the intentions of collegiate athletes to eat healthfully and how highly they value nutrition is crucial for the development of effective nutrition education and counseling programs.
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Vitell, Scott J., Anusorn Singhapakdi, and James Thomas. "Consumer ethics: an application and empirical testing of the Hunt‐Vitell theory of ethics." Journal of Consumer Marketing 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760110386018.
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Analyzes how consumers make decisions involving ethical issues. In particular, investigates the extent to which consumers rely on ethical norms (deontology) versus the perceived consequences of behaviors (teleology) in forming their ethical judgments and in determining behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. The results based upon three studies, including a national sample of adult consumers, reveal that consumers tend to rely primarily on ethical norms and less on perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. Results also indicate that consumers, to a large degree, rely primarily on ethical norms in determining their behavioral intentions in situations involving ethical issues. Finally, a number of personal characteristics were tested as moderating variables, but results were generally inconclusive, despite some evidence that education and religiosity may be moderators.
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Chen, Liqiang, and Jing Wang. "Business Strategy, Compensation Policy and Innovation Performance: A Behavioral Perspective." Compensation & Benefits Review 49, no. 4 (September 2017): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368718798423.
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This article applies new insights into business strategies and compensation to examine why organizations adopt pay polices based on the performance of the entire organization (i.e., organization-level incentives such as profit sharing and gain sharing). Results based on a longitudinal national sample of 1,974 Canadian workplaces show that organizations with product leadership business strategies are more likely to adopt organization-level incentives, which in turn have a positive impact on innovation performance. Implications of the findings for theory, future research and management practice are also discussed.
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Mohamed, Hasan Al-Banna, Mohd Hamran Mohamad, Sayuti Ab Ghani, Rogis Baker, Kamarulzaman Lamin, Norlaila Mazura Mohaiyadin, and Khairunnisa Mardzuki. "THE APPLICATION OF PAPERLESS AND GREEN THEORY IN NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i1.605.
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<p>The green environment through electronic government is seen increasingly more useful in today’s economy and business due to its effectiveness and applicability in various fields. Paperless is the reduction of paper usage practiced by the employees in many workplaces which is an important element in national electronic government today. Despite the rapid acculturation of paperless systems in many organizations, researchers have argued that it is yet to promote and establish a paperless practice that leads to sustainable and reliable approaches especially in the working environment at the National Defense University of Malaysia (NDUM) due to high perceived profitability by the stakeholders. Evidence shows that the traditional use of the paper-based process in daily working practices leads to many weaknesses, risks, and financial burdens. This implies that it will be very important to truly embed behavioral intention (desire towards paperless practice) within a community of NDUM if individual perceptions of the use of information technology (IT) in the e-government service is the motivator factor. The paper aims to propose a study on the relationship of perceived organizational support dimensions (IT, management and peer supports) within the paperless context which is grounded by a famous theory namely Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A literature study is used as a method to yield related findings. Thus, this paper provides a research model (conceptual) to extend the knowledge of how organizational support influences employees’ behavioral intention in practicing paperless. This study is then constructed into possible research hypotheses for future empirical researches. The model of research will provide a beneficial guideline for strategies determination in promoting e-government services, particularly the paperless based service.</p>
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Kato-Nitta, Naoko, and Tadahiko Maeda. "Organizational Creativity in Japanese National Research Institutions." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016672908.
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The effects of environmental or individual internal factors on organizational creativity are well documented, but the mediating mechanisms of intrinsic motivation that explain the linkages between such effects remain unclear. Questionnaires completed by scientists at Japanese national research institutions were statistically analyzed by using structural equation modeling for teams ( n = 65) and individuals ( n = 420), and the results showed that the two variables associated with intrinsic motivation mediated the work environment and creative performance at both the individual and team levels. In revealing the similarities and differences between the team and individual measurements, the results showed that the psychological aspects of intrinsic motivation (job satisfaction), supervision, and communication are relatively significant for teams and that the behavioral aspects of intrinsic motivation (research activity), communication, and involvement are key for individuals. Furthermore, both levels of analysis showed that “Western-style” meetings are detractors for intrinsic motivation. The implications for organizational creativity theory and research management are ultimately discussed.
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Sigmon, Hilary D., and Elaine L. Larson. "Increasing Nursing Research Opportunities in Biodefense: National Institute of Nursing Research Science Workgroup." Biological Research For Nursing 4, no. 4 (April 2003): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800403251235.
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The threat of bioterrorism and the need for biodefense are new challenges for the scientific community. Bioterrorism already has had significant effects on the nation’s health. Researchers involved in nursing research are addressing these effects and the many issues relevant to biodefense. To explore the role and potential contributions of nursing research in these arenas, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) recently convened a science workgroup. The workgroup highlighted current knowledge in biodefense, suggested opportunities for nursing research, and proposed specific research topics and research training needs. The topics are integral to the strategic plan on biodefense developed by the National Institutes of Health and include biologic, behavioral, applied/translational, and health systems research. Nurse researchers can contribute particularly to biologic studies directed toward effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the effects of bioterrorism and biodefense.
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McClain, Colleen. "Debating restrictions on embryonic stem cell research: An experimental study of online deliberation and political emotion." Politics and the Life Sciences 28, no. 2 (September 2009): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/28_2_48.
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This study investigates the emotional and behavioral effects of interpersonal online communication, focusing on the controversy surrounding the loosening of restrictions on human embryonic stem cell research. The issue, central to national and statewide elections in 2008, generated heated debate among candidates and voters and evoked strong emotional sentiments among partisans. Using the theory of affective intelligence, this study proposes a predictive model connecting levels of enthusiasm and anxiety with behavioral and information-seeking outcomes. Cognitive appraisal theory is also employed to provide a role for political emotion in accounting for interactive media effects. To investigate the ways that online deliberation may influence discussions surrounding stem cell research, a between-subjects experimental study was conducted that systematically varied the tone of feedback received (reinforcing or challenging) and type of interaction (synchronous or asynchronous) experienced by users. Results indicate that emotional responses play a significant role in predicting behavioral intentions arising from the user-to-user interactive experience.
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Lackey, Chad. "Violent Family Heritage, the Transition to Adulthood, and Later Partner Violence." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02238521.
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This article applies the age-graded theory of informal social control, an influential theory in the field of criminology, to explain continuity and change in the effect of violent family origins on later partner violence. The theory is tested on a sample of married and/or cohabiting men and women from a nationally representative panel study, in other words, the National Youth Survey. Path analysis indicates that among men, commitment to their partner and work during young adulthood mediates the effect of violent family heritage on later partner violence. Thus, these commitments represent the possibility of change for those on violent pathways. Regarding continuity in intergenerational transmission, the effects of adolescent violence on later partner violence are particularly strong for men. Among women, however, such evidence of behavioral continuity and change is limited. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
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Yuan, Jianqiong, Jingjing Li, Jinyang Deng, and Douglas Arbogast. "Past Experience and Willingness to Pay: A Comparative Examination of Destination Loyalty in Two National Parks, China." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168774.
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The long-term sustainability of China’s national parks depends on the appropriate use and management of park resources and the provision of positive experience opportunities for tourists. While past experience, in terms of frequency of visits to the same destination and behavioral intention measured as willingness to revisit/recommend, have been extensively examined in a typical destination loyalty model using structural equation modeling (SEM), past experience with other destinations and willingness to pay (WTP), another form of behavioral intention, have received less attention from researchers. This paper, for the first time, simultaneously examined these two types of past experience and WTP using both second-order and first-order SEMs, based on data collected from two national parks in China. Results show that, while frequency of visits had no significant impacts on attribute satisfaction (AS) nor on overall satisfaction (OS), previous experience with other destinations significantly influenced AS, which, in turn, significantly predicted OS. While OS significantly and consistently predicted visitors’ intentions to revisit/recommend for both samples, its impact on WTP was significant for one sample, but not for the other. This suggests that asymmetric beliefs in destination loyalty may exist, depending on how and where behavioral intention was measured. The study endorses norm theory in studying destination satisfaction.
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Paprocki, Rafał. "Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Pandemic. Culture as Behavioral Driver under Risk and Uncertainty." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_238/41.
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The article deals with the issues of cultural determinants of decisions under risk and uncertainty, with emphasis on consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the crisis response has been based on D. Kahneman’s prospect theory, which was used to compare social behaviors in Poland, Italy, Great Britain and Singapore at an early stage of the pandemic. The main purpose of the considerations is to present the scale and level of impact of cultural determinants on national survival and security strategies against the COVID-19 crisis. The analysis and diagnosis of national survival strategies facilitates creation of products in accordance with behavioral and cultural determinants of consumer attitudes and preferences. In addition, the article presents some automatic systems supporting personnel management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contemporary technological solutions monitoring employee behavior in the working environment can be implemented to increase the level of mental well-being and sanitary safety.
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Warner, Laura A. "Using Homeowners’ Association Membership to Define Audience Segments for Targeted Local Social Marketing Interventions: Implications From a Statewide Study." Social Marketing Quarterly 25, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500419882978.
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People working on water issues in the state of Florida, USA, recognize outdoor water conservation as an important area of focus. Social marketing has become increasingly accepted as a behavior change approach in Florida, but often the individuals who wish to use social marketing do not have access to the formative audience research needed. In addition to a lack of formative audience research, the prevalence of homeowners’ associations (HOAs) across the state further complicates outdoor water conservation initiatives. This study’s purpose was to evaluate how those who live in HOAs might be considered distinct segments for residential outdoor water conservation interventions. An electronic survey instrument was used to collect data to examine the relationship between theory of planned behavior variables and landscape water conservation behavioral intent in HOA and non-HOA segments. The model fits the two segments similarly. Then, descriptive norms drawn from four distinct referent groups (close-peer, neighborhood, state, and national) were introduced to the theory of planned behavior variables. None of the descriptive norms were significant in the non-HOA model, and close-peer, state, and national norms were significant in the HOA model. State norms had a negative relationship with behavioral intent. Findings revealed clear distinctions in factors relating to behavioral intent between the two segments. Social marketing efforts should treat non-HOA and HOA members as distinct segments and incorporate the normative beliefs that relate to intent among HOA dwellers.
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Williams, Joah L., and Alyssa A. Rheingold. "Novel Application of Skills for Psychological Recovery as an Early Intervention for Violent Loss: Rationale and Case Examples." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 81, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818766138.
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This article describes a novel application of Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR)—a brief, early intervention developed by the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the National Child Traumatic Stress Network—for families grieving the violent death of a loved one. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, SPR incorporates cognitive-behavioral skills-building modules to help survivors cope with trauma-related distress and posttrauma resource loss. The authors describe the intervention and illustrate the use of SPR for violent loss by presenting data from two cases involving a suicide survivor and a homicide survivor. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Eker, Gulin, Hakan Berument, and Burak Dogan. "Football and Exchange Rates: Empirical Support for Behavioral Economics." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.643-654.
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Recently, economic theory has been expanded to incorporate emotions, which have been assumed to play an important role in financial decisions. The present study illustrates this by showing a connection between the sports performance of popular national football teams (Besiktas, Fenerbahce, and Galatasaray) and performance of the Turkish economy. Specifically, a significant positive association was found between the success of three major professional Turkish football teams and the exchange rate of the Turkish lira against the U.S. dollar. The effect of the football success of several Turkish football teams on the exchange rate of the Turkish lira was examined using the simultaneous multiple regression model with predictor measures of wins, losses, and ties for different combinations of teams to predict the depreciation rate of the Turkish lira between the years 1987 and 2003. Wins by Turkish football teams against foreign (non-Turkish) rivals increased with exchange rate depreciation of the Turkish lira against the U.S. dollar.
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Hudson, Ian. "The Currency Carry Trade: Selection Skill or Behavioral Bias." International Business Research 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n9p176.
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<p>Many attempts have been undertaken to solve the forward premium puzzle with little to no success. The global currency market is considered the most information efficient and transparent of all financial markets since it demonstrates a balance between over and under-reaction to information with remarkable consistency. The Efficient Market Hypothesis espouses investors cannot systematically outperform a benchmark since all investors have access to the same information. Therefore, the expected long-term rate of return for currencies is essentially zero. The Arbitrage Pricing Theory asserts investment returns are random. As such, traders cannot avail themselves of mispriced currencies. The assertion of Uncovered Interest Rate Parity is that bi-national interest rate variance is equal to the expected differential in exchange rates. This paper asks the following questions: does alpha persistence exist in currency carry trade funds or are its excess returns merely a collection of behavioral biases?</p>
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Ghosh, Bikramaditya, and Emira Kozarević. "Identifying explosive behavioral trace in the CNX Nifty Index: a quantum finance approach." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.18.
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The financial markets are found to be finite Hilbert space, inside which the stocks are displaying their wave-particle duality. The Reynolds number, an age old fluid mechanics theory, has been redefined in investment finance domain to identify possible explosive moments in the stock exchange. CNX Nifty Index, a known index on the National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., has been put to the test under this situation. The Reynolds number (its financial version) has been predicted, as well as connected with plausible behavioral rationale. While predicting, both econometric and machine-learning approaches have been put into use. The primary objective of this paper is to set up an efficient econophysics’ proxy for stock exchange explosion. The secondary objective of the paper is to predict the Reynolds number for the future. Last but not least, this paper aims to trace back the behavioral links as well.
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Veraldo, Cynthia Miller, and Brody J. Ruihley. "Theory of planned behavior and women in senior-level athletic administration." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-07-2015-0022.
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Purpose Women continue to be underrepresented in the athletic director (AD) position across all divisions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the USA (Acosta and Carpenter, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of personal aspirations in pursing the AD position. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative examination focuses on the experiences of nine women who occupy senior associate AD positions and applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine how attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence their aspirations to pursue the AD role. Findings The authors suggest a combination of negative attitudes, subjective norms, and lack of perceived behavioral control negatively influencing a woman’s aspirations to pursue the AD position. These conclusions indicate women’s experiences of career advancement are constraining with regard to advancing to the AD position. Research limitations/implications Although this study lacks generalizability, TPB is helpful in understanding underrepresentation of women in the AD position. Practical implications Furthermore, the authors suggest organizational strategies that cultivate and value women’s experiences. These can equalize the hegemonic male environment of intercollegiate athletics and decrease underrepresentation of women in the most senior-level position in athletic administration. Originality/value This study is one of the first to apply TPB to explain career advancement of women in senior management positions in athletic administration.
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Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E. M. "Global Versus Local Consumer Culture: Theory, Measurement, and Future Research Directions." Journal of International Marketing 27, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x18811289.
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The last few decades have seen the emergence of global consumer culture (GCC) as an important force in the marketplace. Yet, in recent years, powerful political and economic forces suggest that globalization might be stalling, leading to renewed interest in local consumer culture (LCC). This article provides an overview of where the field of international marketing stands on GCC and LCC, and it presents new empirical insights. It elaborates on the roots of GCC and LCC in consumer culture theory, cultural globalization theory, and acculturation theory. This background information sets the context for an in-depth discussion of how international marketers have operationalized consumer attitudes toward GCC and LCC, and their individual-level and national-cultural correlates. The article addresses behavioral and managerial consequences of GCC and LCC and concludes with areas for future research.
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Ritland, Raeann, and Lulu Rodriguez. "The Influence of Antiobesity Media Content on Intention to Eat Healthily and Exercise: A Test of the Ordered Protection Motivation Theory." Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/954784.
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This study extended the ordered protection motivation framework to determine whether exposure and attention to antiobesity media content increases people’s appraisals of threat and their ability to cope with it. It also assesses whether these cognitive processes, in turn, affected people’s intention to abide by the practices recommended to prevent obesity. The results of a national online survey using a nonprobability sample indicate that attention to mediated obesity and related information significantly increased people’s intention to exercise as well as their overall coping appraisals (the perceived effectiveness of the recommended behaviors and their ability to perform them). Likewise, increased threat and coping appraisals were both found to significantly influence people’s intention to exercise and diet. Coping (rather than threat) appraisals more strongly predicted behavioral intent. Following the attitude-behavior literature, behavioral intention was used as the most proximate predictor of actual behavior (i.e., stronger intentions increase the likelihood of behavior change).
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Lewellyn, Krista B., and Shuji ‘Rosey’ Bao. "R&D Investment in the Global Paper Products Industry: A Behavioral Theory of the Firm and National Culture Perspective." Journal of International Management 21, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2014.12.001.
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Anderson, Dwight G. "Power, Rhetoric, and the State: A Theory of Presidential Legitimacy." Review of Politics 50, no. 2 (1988): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500015643.
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Most studies of presidential power assume that legitimacy is derived from the Constitution. This essay argues that presidents can become authors of their own legitimacy, whether understood in normative or behavioral terms. Specifically, the thesis is that presidential assertions of power, cloaked in an antipower rhetoric which formally honors the dominant values of the culture, have created an American state that has served as an extraconstitutional source of presidential legitimacy. It is widely believed that American constitutionalism undermined the state by destroying sovereignty. Lincoln's interpretation and use of the war power, however, denned a supreme national authority located in the presidency. In addition, his Gettysburg Address provided a paradigmatic metaphor for concealing presidential power rhetorically. Subsequent presidents have taken advantage of both effects by attempting to assert power as revolutionary principle. Linguistically, these concealments are reflected in tropes which constitute legitimizing defenses for exercise of extraordinary power.
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Alhaj, Baharu Kemat, Elmi Baharuddin, and Saadiah Hj Mat Dahari. "The Relationship of the Antecedent Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention with Entrepreneurial Intention: A Case Study." Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Volume 4 (2016: Issue-3) 4, no. 3 (August 21, 2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2016.4.3(12).
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Objective - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the antecedent factors of entrepreneurial intention with entrepreneurial intention among students of National Craft Institute Malaysia. Methodology/Technique - A study was designed to determine the relationship of an antecedent factor which is attitudinal factors, behavioral factors and educational support with entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected through questionnaires obtained from 119 final year students of certificate and diploma offered in national Craft Institute. Data collected have been analyzed by statistical technique such as descriptive statistic, reliability, correlations and regression analysis. Findings - In general, the findings of the study support the hypotheses. Attitudinal factors, educational support and behavioral factors have a positive significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. The findings of the study offer useful contribution to the field of entrepreneurship both in terms of theory and practice. Novelty - Theoretically, the study presents a relationship model that depicts the significance and role of the antecedent factors in explaining the entrepreneurial intention among the students. In practice, the results of the study will benefit to the teachers and policy maker in order to improve the entrepreneurial program and training which can increase the level of entrepreneurial intention among National Craft Institute Students. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurship And Entrepreneurial Antecedent.
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ZHANG, LENING. "Informal Reactions and Delinquency." Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, no. 1 (March 1997): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024001008.
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Pursuing the recent resurgence of research interest in labeling theory, this study addressed an important but relatively neglected issue—the informal labeling process and delinquency—with data collected in the National Youth Survey. A testable model was developed by clarifying and specifying some conceptual issues regarding the informal labeling process. Consistent with labeling theory, the results of the data analysis based on this model indicated the significant role of informal reactions in accounting for youths' subsequent life and behavioral adjustments. However, in some important dimensions, the role was not uniform across different types of significant others and across gender. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Yousef, Consuela Cheriece, Teresa M. Salgado, Ali Farooq, Keisha Burnett, Laura E. McClelland, Abin Thomas, Ahmed O. Alenazi, et al. "Predicting Patients’ Intention to Use a Personal Health Record Using an Adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model: Secondary Data Analysis." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): e30214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30214.
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Background With the rise in the use of information and communication technologies in health care, patients have been encouraged to use eHealth tools such as personal health records (PHRs) for better health and well-being services. PHRs support patient-centered care and patient engagement. To support the achievement of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 ambitions, the National Transformation program provides a framework to use PHRs in meeting the 3-fold aim for health care—increased access, reduced cost, and improved quality of care—and to provide patient- and person-centered care. However, there has been limited research on PHR uptake within the country. Objective Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the theoretical framework, this study aims at identifying predictors of patient intention to utilize the Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs PHR (MNGHA Care) app. Methods Using secondary data from a cross-sectional survey, data measuring the intention to use the MNGHA Care app, along with its predictors, were collected from among adults (n=324) visiting Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs facilities in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Madinah, Al Ahsa, and Qassim. The relationship of predictors (main theory constructs) and moderators (age, gender, and experience with health apps) with the dependent variable (intention to use MNGHA Care) was tested using hierarchical multiple regression. Results Of the eligible population, a total of 261 adult patients were included in the analysis. They had a mean age of 35.07 (SD 9.61) years, 50.6 % were male (n=132), 45.2% had university-level education (n=118), and 53.3% had at least 1 chronic medical condition (n=139). The model explained 48.9% of the variance in behavioral intention to use the PHR (P=.38). Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and positive attitude were significantly associated with behavioral intention to use the PHR (P<.05). Prior experience with health apps moderated the relationship between social influence and behavioral intention to use the PHR (P=.04). Conclusions This study contributes to the existing literature on PHR adoption broadly as well as in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Understanding which factors are associated with patient adoption of PHRs can guide future development and support the country’s aim of transforming the health care system. Similar to previous studies on PHR adoption, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and positive attitude are important factors, and practical consideration should be given to support these areas.
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Mariasiu, Florin, and Horia M. Raboca. "Assessment of extracurricular activities’ effects on automotive engineering education: A cross-national study." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 45, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 120–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419016674144.
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The complexity and dynamics of the automotive industry require highly trained graduates with competencies and skills in various scientific and industrial fields, as well as practical skills. Theory with can be applied to practice in several ways: increasing practical application of labs and workshops, practice activities, race car contests, participation in scientific groups, work on research and development projects, internships, etc. The present paper explores the attitudes and perceptions of students who participated in an international competition for prototype vehicles powered with compressed air. Based on an exploratory questionnaire, uni- and multivariate statistical methods were applied, and the results were used to create a model related to the students’ perception of the usefulness of participating compared to the additional engineering skills learned. The results show that students involved in race car competitions enjoy positive feedback and more (regardless of country of origin) and learn professional skills with high-quality and relevant technical, social, and behavioral competences, which are required in the automotive industry today.
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Han, Bangwool, Minho Kim, and Jaehoon Lee. "Exploring consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions of cross-border online shopping in Korea." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-10-2017-0093.
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Purpose Using the theory of planned behavior as its basis, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among beliefs about electronic service quality (E-S-QUAL); consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU); and beliefs about perceived behavioral control, expectations of important others, and cross-border online purchasing behavioral intention. The effects of E-S-QUAL and CNFU on attitude are examined with data collected from Korean consumers who have cross-border online purchasing experience. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluate the research model in this study and test the hypotheses using partial least squares, an OLS regression-based estimation method that focuses on predicting independent variables hypothesized to have a causal relationship that maximizes the explanatory variance of the dependent variable. Findings Analysis of the data emphasizes that beliefs about E-S-QUAL and CNFU positively affect attitudes toward buying online from international sites, which in turn positively affect purchasing intention. Also, beliefs about self-efficacy and normative structure regarding cross-border online purchasing positively affect behavioral intentions. Originality/value This paper develops a conceptual model explaining consumers’ intentions to shop online across national borders. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, none of the previous studies have particularly mentioned the associations between beliefs about e-service quality and actual behavioral intentions in the context of cross-border online shopping. Also, the important role of CNFU has been ignored as one of the factors that can affect consumers’ decisions to shop online beyond national borders. In regard to this matter, the authors aim to investigate cross-border online shopping factors that can help international e-commerce gain a better understanding of the needs of their consumers.
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Ale, Som B., and Joel S. Brown. "Prey Behavior Leads to Predator: A Case Study of the Himalayan Tahr and the Snow Leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 55, no. 4 (May 6, 2009): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.55.4.315.
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Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard's main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator's ecology. The Himalayan tahr's vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores.
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Artamonov, V., V. Lukin, and T. Musienko. "Strategic culture: to the question of the evolution theory." National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-3-5-15.
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Status of the issue. The development of the theory of strategic culture began more than seven decades ago. To date, the theory has evolved from the theoretical justification of the behavioral styles of elites representing institutions and security services, to the development of models for the use of national strategic cultures as an important tool for political struggle at the global and regional levels. It should be noted that Russian political science is significantly lagging behind foreign science in the theoretical understanding of the problem and in the development of effective models for countering the Anglo-Saxon strategic culture, which has an openly aggressive Russophobic content.
Results. In the course of political analysis of the evolution of the theory of strategic culture, four stages of its development and their features were identified.
At the first stage-the 40-60s of the XX century, the main content was the study of national styles in strategic planning in the field of national security, caused by a military clash during the World War II. Stereotyping of the initial grounds and a certain ethnocentrism as the main features of the stage, were subjected to reasonable criticism and stimulated the further development of theoretical provisions of the problem.
At the second stage – the 70-90s of the XX century researchers developed a methodology for structural and functional analysis, institutionalism and modeling of competitive relations between regional actors. This was caused by the advent of the era of nuclear deterrence.
The third stage of the wave of research on strategic culture is formed at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. Theoretical and methodological research is carried out during this period in the framework of a critical rethinking of previous approaches and the formation of a trend towards neorealism. On the basis of comparative analysis, distinctions and justifications of different types of strategic culture and corresponding strategic thinking, as well as the behavior of actors, were identified.
At the present stage of theory evolution, the main attention of researchers is focused on the dynamics of changing strategic culture under the influence of threats and risks of globalization and specific events, identifying competing narratives within countries themselves, searching for effective models for changing existing national strategic cultures in the interests of the dominant regional strategic cultures – Anglo-Saxon, European, Asian (Chinese). The effectiveness of applying the results of Western research programs in political practice is proved by the process of reformatting, for example, the Ukrainian strategic culture with an anti-Russian trend.
Application. Political science – in order to continue the debate on strategic culture, the further development of the theory in the light of modern conditions of the clash of strategic cultures on a global level, and also political practice of compromise to minimize the challenges, risks and threats in international relations at the regional and global levels.
Conclusions. Further development of the theory of strategic culture is actualized by the sharp aggravation of the confrontation between national and regional strategic cultures in different geopolitical strategic regions of the planet.
This confrontation is caused by two main factors: the presence and strengthening of a number of national strategic cultures and the desire to dominate individual national and regional strategic cultures.
In the context of using national strategic cultures as an important tool of political struggle, the development of models for interaction of strategic cultures based on compromise can help to minimize risks in international relations.
The level of modern theoretical understanding of the problem does not correspond to the complexity of tasks to ensure national, regional and global security.
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Tanskanen, Antti O., Mirkka Danielsbacka, and Anna Rotkirch. "Grandparental Childcare for Biological, Adopted, and Step-Offspring: Findings From Cross-National Surveys." Evolutionary Psychology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 147470492090789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704920907894.
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Based on kin selection theory, amounts of grandparental investment should reflect the probability to share common genes with offspring. Adoption may represent a special case, however, yet grandparental investment in adopted children has previously been both theoretically misconstrued and little investigated. Here, we study for the first time how grandparental childcare provision is distributed between biological, adopted, and step-offspring. Using Generations and Gender Surveys ( n = 15,168 adult child–grandmother and 12,193 adult child–grandfather dyads) and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe ( n = 17,233 grandmother–adult child and 13,000 grandfather–adult child dyads), we find that grandparents were less likely to provide care to stepchildren than to adopted and biological children, but no difference between adopted and biological children. These findings were present in both data sets and for both grandmothers and grandfathers, after several potentially confounding factors were taken into account. The stepchild disadvantage is in line with kin selection theory. The congruent amounts of care provided to adopted and biological children may reflect similar levels of adult–child attachment, selection effects, and greater need in adoptive families, as well as some degree of genetical relatedness in the case of kin adoption. The study provides new evidence of biased kin investments in contemporary societies and stresses the importance of psychological motivation and attachment in evolutionary studies of kin investment.
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Galietta, Michele. "Back to Basics: The Application of Cognitive and Behavior Theory to Forensic Treatment." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 2 (May 2010): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.2.67.
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Since 1976, when the landmark case Estelle v. Gamble first recognized the right of prisoners to medical care, subsequent legislation has expanded this right to include mental health treatment for serious disorders. National standards for the treatment of prisoners and other forensic populations have been developed, and continue to be debated. Research studies on effective interventions with forensic populations, as well as the large body of literature pertaining to empirically supported psychotherapies in general clinical samples, offer insights for the effective treatment of offenders. However, many gaps in knowledge remain. In particular, questions exist about whether transmission of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) from the lab into forensic contexts is possible. Moreover, there is little guidance available regarding how to adapt treatments for appropriate use in forensic settings, while maintaining fidelity to essential treatment principles. This article provides a framework for synthesizing literature related to this endeavor, and serves as an introduction to the special theme: applications of cognitive and behavioral therapy to forensic treatment.
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van Riper, Carena J., and Gerard T. Kyle. "Understanding the internal processes of behavioral engagement in a national park: A latent variable path analysis of the value-belief-norm theory." Journal of Environmental Psychology 38 (June 2014): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.03.002.
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Et. al., Dr Sreela B,. "A study on change in behavioral pattern with reference to the select novels of Amitav Ghosh." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1142.
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This article is an attempt to illustrate the different ways through which culture gets transformed as a result of contact with other cultures. The desire to gain sociability forms ground for cultural changes such as accultration, assimilation, diffusion and other types of cultural changes. Amitav Ghosh is a prolific writer who occupies an invincible space among the national and also the international writers. Six of his novels are analysed to study the changes in the behavioral patterns of the characters in the novel. Cognition is a mighty factor that conditions the thoughts of every human. The desire to garner solidarity and establish sociability is the chief reason for cultural compromises. Therefore, Georg Simmel’s theory on sociabilities is taken into account to support this study.
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Reza Jalilvand, Mohammad, Arash Shahin, and Leila Nasrolahi Vosta. "Examining the relationship between branding and customers’ attitudes toward banking services." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 7, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-05-2011-0018.
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Purpose – This study aims to integrate consumer-based brand equity for a tourism destination (CBBETD) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the relationship between branding and customers’ attitudes toward banking services. Design/methodology/approach – A ten-minute pen and paper questionnaire was distributed to customers of Iran’s Melli Bank in Isfahan as the biggest national bank in Iran through a multistage cluster-sampling approach. Data were collected from 364 customers and analyzed by hierarchical regression approach. Findings – Branding constructs including brand image, brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty have a significant relationship with attitude constructs including affective attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention. Originality/value – This paper provides a practical framework derived from the CBBETD model and applies it in the context of banking services. The role and impact of its dimensions on customers’ attitudes has been demonstrated.
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Krivosheina, I. V., and A. A. Kotov. "Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance (by N.Liberman. Y.Trope)." Social Psychology and Society 7, no. 4 (2016): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2016070401.
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H. Lieberman’s, and J. Troup’s Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance is widely known in the English sources of social psychology. Wherein, it is used to explain various phenomena and cognitive memory research, perception and categorization. The review describes the basic tenets of the theory, concerning the relationship of psychological distance and the level of constructs. A brief description and basic key studies of different topics within the theory are included. The importance of the theory constructs at different levels of social cognition is stressed. Basic concepts of the theory are given to describe and explain various phenomena of social cognition. The key researches in the field of the theory are described to deal with such phenomena as the fundamental attribution error, the prediction of social events, behavioral intentions, self-control, goals and means of action. In conclusion, issues that remain unsolved at the present stage of development of the theory are discussed. The study was implemented in the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2016, and partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant 15-06-02233 A., “Automatic activation of actions with objects: control mechanisms and conditions of occurrence”.
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Dupret-Bories, Agnès, Pascale Grosclaude, Sebastien Lamy, Antoine Nebout, Pierre Bories, and Fanny Cros. "The impact of patients’ and physicians’ characteristics on surgery decision for head and neck cancer: Results of a national survey." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14151-e14151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14151.
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e14151 Background: The choice between surgical or medical treatments in head and neck cancer is a function of many patient-related and disease-related factors. We investigated how physicians' behavioral characteristics and patients’ socioeconomic status could affect medical decision-making. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey of surgeons and (radiation) oncologists specialized in head and neck oncology collected data on medical decision-making for 7 clinical vignettes involving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients that were representative of routine practice. Questionnaires elicited physicians' demographic and occupational characteristics along with their individual behavioral characteristics according to the decision theory framework. Patients’ gender and socioeconomic position were distributed across vignettes using a Latin square design. Results: We obtained 206 assessable answers. A multivariate analysis shows that surgeons suggested surgery more often than other professionals, which is mostly related to vignettes corresponding to clinical cases for which there is no consensus, so oncologists are 68% less likely than surgeons to choose surgery. For clinical vignette with an absence of consensus, physicians with lower risk aversion recommend more often surgery compared to those with higher risk aversion (OR = 1.88, p = 0.052). When the vignette corresponds to a clinical case for which there is a surgical consensus decision the isolated male blue-collar worker has a 75% lower chance of being offered surgery compared to the married male small business owner (OR = 0.25, p = 0.024). We did not observe any differences based on the patient's gender. Conclusions: Patients’ socioeconomic status did affect our clinical management decisions in head and neck oncology. The significant association between medical decision and individual behavioral characteristics of the physician documented still understudied mechanisms that involved nonbiological factor to explain clinical practices variations.
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Yang, Xueying, Zixin Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Tiecheng Ma, Honghong Xue, Yingqin He, and Joseph Tak Fai Lau. "Behavioral Intention to Initiate Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Chinese HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men Having High CD4 Count in the Era of “Treatment for All”." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 155798831982861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319828615.
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China has updated its national guideline recommending antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all people living with HIV (PLWH) since 2016. This study was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral intention to initiate ART among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with CD4 levels >350 cells/mm3, who had just become eligible to receive free ART in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 262 eligible HIV-infected MSM who had never received ART. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to guide the variable selection. The prevalence of behavioral intention to initiate ART was 69.9%. After adjusting for significant background variables, all five constructs of TPB were significantly associated with behavioral intention to initiate ART. These significant constructs were: positive attitudes (adjusted odds ratios, AOR: 1.14; 95% CI [1.06, 1.24]) and negative attitudes (AOR: 0.89; 95% CI [0.82, 0.97]) toward immediate ART initiation; perceived their significant others would support them to initiate ART immediately (perceived subjective norm; AOR: 1.14; 95% CI [1.03, 1.25]); perceived high proportion of PLWH having similar CD4 cell levels were on ART (perceived descriptive norm; AOR: 2.22, 95% CI [1.16, 4.24]); and being confident in initiating ART immediately (perceived behavioral control; AOR: 1.21; 95% CI [1.04, 1.39]). Prevalence of behavioral intention to initiate ART was high among this group of MSM. Effective health promotion is needed to translate behavioral intention into related action. TPB may be a useful framework for developing future health promotion increasing ART coverage in this group.
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Rhee, Mooweon, Valerie Alexandra, and K. Skylar Powell. "Individualism-collectivism cultural differences in performance feedback theory." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-05-2019-0100.
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PurposePerformance feedback theory (PFT) has informed analyses in numerous national contexts and has been used to explain various business and management activities of firms. Stemming from behavioral theory and grounded in a cognitive perspective, which views organizational actions as being the results of decisions produced by groups of individual decision-makers, PFT research has mostly assumed the universal nature of cognition and decision-making processes. However, PFT also presumes that individual decision-makers bring with them different backgrounds and experiences. Hence, this paper offers propositions on how cultural differences in individualism-collectivism influence the major components of PFT, including the formation and revision of performance goals (aspiration levels), and search behaviors and risk preferences in response to gaps between goals and actual performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers theoretical propositions for the above purpose.FindingsThis is not an empirical analysis.Originality/valueBy integrating the individualism-collectivism differences framework into the PFT model, the authors answer previous calls to integrate concepts and frameworks from other theories into PFT while considering the role of cultural differences in aspiration-consequence relationships. Additionally, much of PFT research has focused on outcomes, while actual internal processes have remained unobserved. By focusing on how cultural differences influence various PFT processes, this conceptual analysis sheds light on the unobserved bounds of decision-makers' cognitions.
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Hong, Wei, Ru-De Liu, Yi Ding, Jacqueline Hwang, Jia Wang, and Yi Yang. "Cross-Country Differences in Stay-at-Home Behaviors during Peaks in the COVID-19 Pandemic in China and the United States: The Roles of Health Beliefs and Behavioral Intention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042104.
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly escalated to a global pandemic. To control the rate of transmission, governments advocated that the public practice social distancing, which included staying at home. However, compliance with stay-at-home orders has varied between countries such as China and the United States, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying the national differences. Based on the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and the technology acceptance model, health beliefs and behavioral intention are suggested as possible explanations. A total of 498 Chinese and 292 American college students were recruited to complete an online survey. The structural equation modeling results showed that health beliefs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers) and behavioral intention played multiple mediating roles in the association between nationality and actual stay-at-home behaviors. Notably, the effect via perceived barriers → behavioral intention was stronger than the effects via perceived susceptibility and severity → behavioral intention. That is, American participants perceived high levels of susceptibility whereas Chinese participants perceived high levels of severity, especially few barriers, which further led to increased behavioral intention and more frequent stay-at-home behaviors. These findings not only facilitate a comprehensive understanding of cross-country differences in compliance with stay-at-home orders during peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic but also lend support for mitigation of the current global crisis and future disease prevention and health promotion efforts.
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Nguyen, Dung Tien, Anh Ngoc Tram Pham, and Minh Tien Pham. "The determinants of intention to buy retirement plans of HCMC residents." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.969.
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The aim of this research is to examine the determinants of intention of HCM city’s residents in buying retirement plans which have recently been launched to provide additional incomes for retirees and to relieve the national budget. The research model was conducted based on the theory of planned behaviors (Ajzen, 1991), future time perspective, and financial risk tolerance. PLS-SEM was applied in data analysis. The result indicates the determinants of purchase intention; among those, the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and future orientation have positive impacts, and financial risk tolerance has negative impact on intention.
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Kanchewa, Stella S., Laura A. Yoviene, Sarah E. O. Schwartz, Carla Herrera, and Jean E. Rhodes. "Relational Experiences in School-Based Mentoring." Youth & Society 50, no. 8 (June 23, 2016): 1078–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16653534.
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In this study, we examined associations between mentoring relationship quality, rejection sensitivity, and youth outcomes. Participants ( N = 446) were part of a national, random assignment evaluation of Big Brothers Big Sisters of America school-based mentoring programs. Youth in more trusting mentoring relationships demonstrated reductions in teacher-reported behavioral evidence of rejection sensitivity. These reductions, in turn, were positively associated with youth’s assertiveness with peers and prosocial behavior. Percentile bootstrap confidence intervals testing indirect effects demonstrated that rejection sensitivity mediated the association between mentoring relationship trust and teacher-reported assertiveness and prosocial behavior. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.