Academic literature on the topic 'National Benefit Life Insurance Company'

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Journal articles on the topic "National Benefit Life Insurance Company"

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Wise, William. "Life insurance company efficiency: best method and proxies." Insurance Markets and Companies 9, no. 1 (May 10, 2018): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.09(1).2018.02.

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Life insurance is a very important segment of the economy of most countries as demonstrated by the investments, premium revenue and numbers employed. Hence, it is paramount to determine accurately how well life insurance companies (LICs) perform and how viable they are for the benefit of both other industries and national economies.Three papers that investigate LIC efficiency directly analyze how efficiency affects LIC profits. One critical feature is that they show that the inefficiency of LICs can greatly affect their (financial) outcome and ultimately their survivorship. Thus, said research clearly indicates that life insurer efficiency is a crucial area to investigate and assess and that it could greatly enhance the ability to properly monitor and inspect the life insurers.This article co-ordinates information regarding life insurance efficiency studies to help researchers learn which approaches, methods and output/input proxies to use. While some papers do so for some of the aspects that are important and necessary for life insurance efficiency studies, this is the first to deal with said aspects together. More specifically, this paper especially considers and evaluates the different methods and output proxies used in life insurance efficiency studies, as they seem to be the elements where the most disagreement exists between researchers. In addition, this article is unique in examining how input (proxy) prices are used in life insurance efficiency studies.
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Gaskin, Darrell, Eric Roberts, Kitty Chan, Rachael McCleary, Christine Buttorff, and Benjo Delarmente. "No Man is an Island: The Impact of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Mortality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071265.

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This study’s purpose is to determine if neighborhood disadvantage, air quality, economic distress, and violent crime are associated with mortality among term life insurance policyholders, after adjusting for individual demographics, health, and socioeconomic characteristics. We used a sample of approximately 38,000 term life policyholders, from a large national life insurance company, who purchased a policy from 2002 to 2010. We linked this data to area-level data on neighborhood disadvantage, economic distress, violent crime, and air pollution. The hazard of dying for policyholders increased by 9.8% (CI: 6.0–13.7%) as neighborhood disadvantage increased by one standard deviation. Area-level poverty and mortgage delinquency were important predictors of mortality, even after controlling for individual personal income and occupational status. County level pollution and violent crime rates were positively, but not statistically significantly, associated with the hazard of dying. Our study provides evidence that neighborhood disadvantage and economic stress impact individual mortality independently from individual socioeconomic characteristics. Future studies should investigate pathways by which these area-level factors influence mortality. Public policies that reduce poverty rates and address economic distress can benefit everyone’s health.
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Ramljaková, B. "Patient Empowerment in Rare Diseases Slovak Rare Disease Alliance − Contribution to the Creation of the National Plan of Rare Diseases in Slovakia Eurordis – Benefits of Membership / Pacientske organizácie v oblasti zriedkavých chorôb – ich činnosť aj pri príprave národného plánu v SR slovenská aliancia zriedkavých chorôb Eurordis - európska aliancia zriedkavých chorôb – výhody členstva." Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae 60, Supplementum-VIII (March 1, 2013): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2013-0009.

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After the endorsement of the National strategy of rare disease patient health care development for years 2012 - 2013 by the government of the SR on October 24, 2012, it is important for all participants in the process to get involved. (Who are all the participants? - doctors, pharmacists, scientist, national authorities, regulators, health insurance companies, social insurance company, health care and social workers, pharmaceutical industry, but also politicians, patients and patient organizations) Based on the experience and problems which are being solved by patients, it is necessary for POs to focus on areas important for the creation of NP RD in the SR. These are most of all: complex approach to patients based on a multidisciplinary team, inclusion of patients into decision making - an educated patient is a prerequisite for this; specialized services for RD patients and their families; integration of RD patients into existing health care and social system and help lines. Slovak Alliance of Rare Diseases (Alliance RD) was founded and registered at the Ministry of Interior of the SR on December 12, 2011. The reason for its foundation was the effort to solve problems in the area of RDs in a complex and systemic way, which is proved by its involvement in the creation of NP RD in the SR. It houses 12 POs working in the field of RD in Slovakia. The objective of the Alliance RD is to keep improving the health and social life conditions of rare disease patients and their families, to improve the quality of rare disease patients’ lives, and to support their social integration. In close cooperation with EURORDIS - Rare Disease Europe − it took part in EUROPLAN II (2012 - 2015), a project organized by the National conference for the support of the creation of National plan of rare disease patient health care development in Slovakia.
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Bachyurah, Bachyurah, Ikhsan Maulidi, Intan Syahrini, and Nurmaulidar Nurmaulidar. "ANALISIS CADANGAN MANFAAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RETROSPEKTIF PADA ASURANSI JIWA BERJANGKA." STATMAT : JURNAL STATISTIKA DAN MATEMATIKA 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/sm.v2i1.3884.

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The insurance company is a company that protects its customers from unwanted events in the future. A life insurance company should prepare a benefit reserve funds to be given to customers if the customers experience a risk of death in the future. Therefore, the insurance company must manage the benefit reserves so that the company does not have a loss. The purposes of this study are to calculate both the amount of annual net premiums and the amount of benefit reserves in term life insurance. The method used to calculate the value of the benefit reserve was a retrospective method. The results of the calculation of annual net premiums for large annual premiums for expenditures that are greater than those greater for the same period. While the value of insurance reserves will continue to increase at the beginning of the insurance contract begins and the value of insurance reserves will continue to increase towards 0 at the end of the insurance contract. This is because at the beginning of the company insurance payments obtained from annual net premium payments will be greater than the amount of benefits that must be approved.
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NUGRAHA, I. WAYAN SANDY BAYU, KETUT JAYANEGARA, and I. NYOMAN WIDANA. "POLICY VALUES ASURANSI JOINT LIFE SUAMI ISTRI DENGAN METODE PROSPEKTIF." E-Jurnal Matematika 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2019.v08.i02.p243.

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Policy values are funds be held by insurance company that will be used for unexpected claims from insurance participants. The purpose of this work is to calculate constant annual premiums with and without pure endowment on joint life couple insurance, then determine and calculate formula policy values with prospective method. The policy values ??in joint life couple insurance, are affected by premium payments. Policy values ??benefit at the end of the 1st year until the end of the 11th year will increase, because the money received by insurance company from premium payments is more than the sum insured to be paid. Policy values ??benefit at the end of the 11th year until the end of the 66th year will decrease because there are no more premium payments.
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Chou, Pai-Lung, and Yu-Min Chang. "The effect of the Insurance Company Act on the capital benefit of investment in Taiwan’s life insurance industry." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 14, no. 6 (November 2011): 1041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2011.10701600.

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Gautama So, Idris, and Rosi Yosevie. "E-Proposal to Expedite Customer's Decision Making on Committing Insurance Transaction." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5985.

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Objectives of this paper are to analyze the current system of policies selling in a particular Life Insurance company, especially for unit link life insurance product to understand the problems or gaps in the company. According to the result of Business Inteligence (Analysis of Insurance Industry) from the particular Life Insurance, assets of the company are big enough to do some investments in technology to gain more premium income, but the fact is premium income of said Life Insurance company was not good enough if it is compared with its competitors. So based on that problem, it is needed to find the requirements of new system as a solution, then the design a new web-based application of e-proposal to customer's decision making of the Life Insurance company. Methodology which is used in this research are colecting data by library research and field research. After that, analysis based on the theory Fishbone Diagram Analysis, Critical Success Factor Analysis, and Object Oriented Analysis will be carried out. On the design phase, Object Oriented Design is used and then evaluate the result of a new system design by Eight Golden Rules of designing user interface. Result of this research is a web based application to make the distribution of proposal faster and more simple. The procedure of new system will also make the information of policies benefit can be easily accessed by Customer and Insurance Agencies, so the company will also gain customer satisfaction and loyalty. In the end, we can conclude that e-proposal is the right solution for the company to drive customer's decision making and finally will improve Life Insurace company's product selling and also increase the premium income.
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Supriadi, Nanang. "PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA PREMI TUNGGAL BERSIH ASURANSI UNIT LINK SYARIAH." Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v8i2.1883.

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The exact risk factor can be managed by transferring the risk to the other party (in this case the insurance company). In this paper will be discussed more life insurance, as the development now there are types of insurance combined with investment, which is popular with the term Unit Link insurance. Unit link Syariah began to be launched as one of the fulfilment of the high needs of the community, the privilege of the product Unit of Islamic links is actually located in the elements of the laws in accordance with Islamic Syariah. The issues that will be discussed are how to get a single premium model of life insurance unit link Syariah with life insurance and investment fund allocation invested in investment product with a big interest rate of risk (financial approach) and investment product with the value of return maximum (actuarial approach). The resulting model is then implemented in case of examples by comparing the two approaches to see the shortcomings and advantages of Unit link lifetime life insurance when compared to life insurance. The result obtained from this research is the benefit obtained from Unit-linked sharia insurance on average will be greater if compared with life insurance for life, maximum benefit will be obtained Insurance Unit Link of sharia using actuarial approach compared to financial, but benefit with a relative financial approach more stable than actuarial approaches that tend to fluctuate.
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Owen, C. F. "Guaranteed Wages and Unemployment Insurance in Canada." Relations industrielles 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2014): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022669ar.

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Summary The emergence of guaranteed wage plans in the automobile industry, likely to spread to other fields in the near future, poses the problem of the relationship between such plans and the national Unemployment Insurance system in Canada. This article is an attempt to indicate, by a comparative analysis of Canadian and U.S. Unemployment Insurance systems, to what extent problems associated with U.S. unemployment insurance systems, and the possible integration of these systems with company supplemental unemployment benefit plans, are applicable to Canada.
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Gong, Yikai, Zhuangdi Li, Maria Milazzo, Kristen Moore, and Matthew Provencher. "Credibility Methods for Individual Life Insurance." Risks 6, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6040144.

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Credibility theory is used widely in group health and casualty insurance. However, it is generally not used in individual life and annuity business. With the introduction of principle-based reserving (PBR), which relies more heavily on company-specific experience, credibility theory is becoming increasingly important for life actuaries. In this paper, we review the two most commonly used credibility methods: limited fluctuation and greatest accuracy (Bühlmann) credibility. We apply the limited fluctuation method to M Financial Group’s experience data and describe some general qualitative observations. In addition, we use simulation to generate a universe of data and compute Limited Fluctuation and greatest accuracy credibility factors for actual-to-expected (A/E) mortality ratios. We also compare the two credibility factors to an intuitive benchmark credibility measure. We see that for our simulated data set, the limited fluctuation factors are significantly lower than the greatest accuracy factors, particularly for low numbers of claims. Thus, the limited fluctuation method may understate the credibility for companies with favorable mortality experience. The greatest accuracy method has a stronger mathematical foundation, but it generally cannot be applied in practice because of data constraints. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) recognizes and is addressing the need for life insurance experience data in support of PBR—this is an area of current work.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Benefit Life Insurance Company"

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Lo, Pai-An, and 樓沛安. "The Study on the Relationship Between Trade Union and Corporate Governance:A case study of National Life Insurance company." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19448083195556951920.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
98
On January 2nd, 2008, the Life Insurance Dept. of BANK OF TAIWAN has received the instructions of autonomy according to the financial policy of Taiwan government and changed into BankTaiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd., one private daughter company of TAIWAN FINANCIAL HOLDING. The new company is also the only life insurance company in Taiwan established with government investment. From one department belongs to BANK OF TAIWAN to one public company, this research intents to estimate and forecast the next possible business model of the entity when the financial policy of Taiwan government changes again. The former organization of Industry Union of BankTaiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. was the Industry Union of Central Trust of China. On July 1st, 2007, Industry Union of Central Trust of China was merged with Industry Union of BANK OF TAIWAN. However, in order to protect the rights of the union members in two different companies, Industry Union of BankTaiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. was formally established on July, 23rd, 2008. And because the two unions are actually under one mother company, Taiwan Financial Holding, therefore, how to properly participate in the company management and protect the rights of the union members is one of the topics of this research. Some Suggestions Base on This Research: Group contract between national business entity and industry union should be prepared and finalized to protect the rights of existing employees during the process of privatization. 2. Before national business entity initiating the process of privatization, one detail execution proposal should be presented to the responsible committee of Executive Yuan for further investigation. This proposal should be including the details regarding labor rights protection and compensation during the whole privatization process. 3. According to the government regulation, employees of the national entity should be receiving the complete job training for future career change before the privatization process. 4. The current government regulations does not include the stock ratio between the government and employees when proceeding the privatization process. The national entity should finalize the plans for stock options and yearly bonus system for the existing employees before initiating the privatization process.
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Cheng, Yueh-Yun, and 鄭月雲. "An Empirical Study on The Backflow and Repurchase of Maturity or Refund Benefit Payment in Life Insurance -Taking S Company as An Example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92741669985390552271.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
97
The life insurance market have been in unprecedentedly competitive circumstances since the life insurance market was opened up fully in 1994 in Taiwan.In addition to expending new customers, an insurance company has to maintain long relationship with their old customers if it would like to possess a position and build up the permanently competitve advantage in life insurance market. From statistics of LIAROC, we learned that the premium income of life insurance increased 65.5%, but the insurance payment increased 121.4% in Taiwan. The premium income increased faster 2 times than the insurance payment did. Therefore, to life insurance companies,facing such competitive circumstances and the aftermath of the global financial tsunami,it is a very important issue to understand customer’s need, keep good relation with them, make them willing to repurchase products using their maturity or refund benefit payment, and then reach the goal of sustainable operation. In this thesis, we sifted data during a period of time that met our assumptions from on hand database of insurance contracts of S company, applied statistics methods, established a model that conneting plenty of variables, and empirically studied the backflow and repurchase status of S company. At last, gained the conclusions and addressed the concrete suggestions of improving the backflow and repurchase ratio. That’s the final purpose of this thesis.
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Lien, Yen-ching, and 練燕菁. "An Empirical Study on The Backflow and Repurchase of Maturity or Refund Benefit Payment in Life Insurance - Taking T Company as An Example." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j6v3tw.

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碩士
淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
102
Savings, had been first-chose by the people and became one of important financial tools, however, due to the interest rate is declining, it is resulted in the deposit rate not attractive to conservative investors gradually, plus feeling pessimistic about the economic situation in the future, then following in Japan’s footsteps of zero interest rate. The life insurance company has launched a deposit insurance product with a feature of return rate guarantee in one year, which is slightly better than a fixed despite, this will be in support of the conservative investors; considering with the bank idle funds can not be operated efficiently to gain the profits, and after deregulation, whether financial holding company co-marketing model or bank cross-line cooperation, the bank established the insurance agency to promote the deposit insurance and recommend their bank accounts to make contracts; transferring the pressure of fund operation to the life insurance company then they can obtain a stable and substantial commission income. The result we can see is Premium income to the life insurance industry within a few years have been already beyond broke trillion levels, consequently, the due annually Maturity Payment also steadily increased. For life insurance companies, how to make the return of the Maturity Payment to maintain the income from insurance premium continuously, also becoming important business strategy issues for them. In this thesis, we were taking T company as an example and using its database available which is in accordance with the assumptions of the policy cases from a period of time. , by statistical methods, to create a combination of multi-variable model and proved that T life insurance company, the factors which influence the return of Maturity Payment then we can submit the conclusions and recommendations to improve the Backflow ratio and enhance the profitability of insurance industry, This is the purpose of our research.
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Books on the topic "National Benefit Life Insurance Company"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights. NOLHGA bails out a healthy insurance company: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, on examining the current system the state guaranty fund system uses to pay off insurance policyholders, June 29, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Inside the Japanese company. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

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Inside the Japanese company. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

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Ninety years and growing: The story of Lincoln National. Indianapolis, In: Guild Press of Indiana, 1995.

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Fogel, Richard L. Insurance regulation: The Financial Regulation Standards and Accreditation Program of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners : statement of Richard L. Fogel, Assistant Comptroller General, General Government Programs, before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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Fogel, Richard L. Insurance regulation: The failures of four large life insurers : statement of Richard L. Fogel, Assistant Comptroller General, General Government Programs, before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1992.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust Monopolies and Business Rights. NAIC oversight of the Executive Life Insurance Company: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on the adequacy and effectiveness of state regulation of the insurance industry in America, July 31, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to incorporate the National Bank. Toronto: J. Lovell, 2003.

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US GOVERNMENT. NOLHGA bails out a healthy insurance company: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, ... policyholders, June 29, 1993 (S. hrg). For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1994.

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Statement of the National Life Insurance Company of the U.S. made May 31, 1856: Cash assets $151,326 21 .. [Montpelier, Vt.?: s.n., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Benefit Life Insurance Company"

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Papanastasiou, Thomas-Nektarios. "The Implications of Political Risk Insurance in the Governance of Energy Projects: Τhe Case of Japan’s Public Insurance Agencies." In Public Actors in International Investment Law, 155–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_9.

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AbstractBy purchasing political risk insurance (PRI), investors can successfully strengthen their position in the host state, allocating the burden of political risk to third parties (insurance agencies). PRI is provided by international organisations, such as the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and state-sponsored insurance agencies, known as export credit agencies (ECAs) or public insurance agencies. This chapter focuses on the insurance schemes of NEXI, Japan’s officially sponsored ECA, which plays a dominant role in providing PRI to Japanese nationals. The benefits of insurance agencies providing PRI schemes go beyond cash indemnification. PRI mechanisms include various policy requirements, operational conditions, and performance standards that not only influence the engagement of the insured investors, but also shape the regulatory authority of host governments and affect local communities. PRI plays a particularly crucial role in the governance of energy projects due to the complexity of this sector and its importance to states and local communities. However, there are policy and operational implications of PRI provision in the governance of energy projects with an adverse effect on local communities. In response, most insurance agencies like NEXI, have taken measures for socially and environmentally responsible investments, requiring their insured clients to comply with various social and environmental standards and establishing surveillance mechanisms and in-house grievance facilities. Even if these practices are moving in the right direction, their true functionality and effectiveness have not yet been proved.
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Setting down the footprint: from war to war, 1919–1945." In The Power of Your Life, 40–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817758.003.0002.

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The first quarter of a century of Sanlam in the long-term insurance business was characterized by strong centralized bureaucratic management, an unmistakeably Afrikaner cultural hub at Head Office, and attention to the professional training of agents. The company growth was solid and slowly gained market share through innovative products and attention to service. A close connection between Afrikaner cultural and political leadership was prevalent throughout this period. Sanlam used this nationalist allegiance to grow its business, and to develop a presence for Afrikaners outside of insurance in other sectors of the economy. By the end of World War II non-exclusive production positioned the company to benefit from strong economic growth after 1945.
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Weems, Robert E. "Business Titan." In The Merchant Prince of Black Chicago, 79–117. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043062.003.0005.

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This chapter examines how Anthony Overton dramatically diversified his financial interests during the 1920s. In 1922, Anthony Overton assumed the presidency of Chicago’s Douglass National Bank (the second black-owned bank to receive a national charter). Two years later, Overton started the Chicago-based Victory Life Insurance Company. In 1927, Victory Life became the only black-owned insurance company granted the right to conduct business in New York State. Following this business coup, Overton, in some circles, became regarded as “the merchant prince of his race.” To further enhance his growing status as a business magnate during the 1920s, Overton built two major commercial structures in the heart of black Chicago’s commercial district (the Overton Building and the Chicago Bee Building).
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Weems, Robert E. "What Goes Up Must Come Down." In The Merchant Prince of Black Chicago, 118–42. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043062.003.0006.

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In late 1929, Anthony Overton was perceived to be the nation’s most successful black businessman. Yet, by the mid-1930s, the public’s perception of Overton had shifted dramatically. The Great Depression’s negative impact on African American real estate values negatively impacted the profitability of both the Douglass National Bank and the Victory Life Insurance Company. Also, disclosure of Overton’s long-standing, unauthorized funneling of Victory Life funds into Douglass National resulted in his ouster as president of Victory Life. Moreover, despite creative efforts to keep it afloat, the Douglass National Bank ultimately became a casualty of the Depression. In the end, Anthony Overton retained control of the Overton Hygienic Manufacturing Company and the Chicago Bee newspaper but had lost the honorific moniker “the Merchant Prince of his Race.”
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Gershenhorn, Jerry. "No Man Is Your Captain." In Louis Austin and the Carolina Times. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638768.003.0002.

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Born in 1898, Louis Austin came of age in rural Halifax County in eastern North Carolina, during an era of increasing oppression of African Americans. Raised in the African Methodist Episcopal church, Austin was greatly influenced by his father, a barbershop owner, who taught his children that all people were equal before God. Austin moved to Durham in 1921 to attend the National Training School, now North Carolina Central University. In Durham, Austin encountered a black community with a thriving black middle class and many successful black businesses, notably North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and the Mechanics and Farmers Bank, two of the largest black-owned financial institutions in the nation.
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"In Re The Winding Up Of The Grand National Marriage Insurance And Universal Matrimonial Benefit Company, Capital 700,000/., with Power To Increase To 7,000,000/. A Deposit Of 6d. Per Share To Be Paid On Allotment." In Paved with Gold, 297–99. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203041772-39.

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Cottingham, Marion. "Diet Monitoring Software." In Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems, 452–64. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch058.

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Obesity has been a known problem for over 60 years. As early as 1943, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company declared “Overweight is so common that it constitutes a national health problem of the first order.” In 1952, the American Heart association identified obesity as a cardiac risk factor (AHA, 1952). In 1974, obesity was identified as “the most important nutritional disease in the affluent countries of the world” (LANCET editorial, 1974). Over a few decades, the obesity epidemic has continually been creeping up in all developed countries around the world; this has accelerated rapidly in the last decade, and it appears to have reached a crisis level with unprecedented numbers, particularly in America, joining the overweight or obese categories (Anderson, Konz, Frederich, & Wood, 2001; Mokdad, Serdula, Dietz, Bowman, Marks, Koplan, 1999).
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"motives were behind the nationalization movement: distrust of private companies, the urgent need for economic reconstruction, and the desire for improved labor conditions [Baum, 1958, pp. 175-177]. In the immediate post-war period, the first companies to be nationalized were the coal mines of the North and Calais regions, which badly needed structural reforms to play their role in the recovery of French industry. The next companies nationalized were, among others, the Renault manufacturing plants, the Gnome and Rhone motor company and Air France. After the No­ vember 1945 election, the first Constituent Assembly continued the nationalization program with the Bank of France and the four largest credit institutions; gas and electrical utilities; and thirty-four major insurance companies. After May 1946, there was a virtual halt in the nationalization movement. The constitution of the Fourth Republic, adopted in October 1946, recognized and retroactively defined nationalization in the following terms: “any good or any company whose operations have or ac­ quire the characteristics of a national public service, or of a de facto monopoly, must become the property of the collectivity" [Chenot, 1977, p. 22]. There is no doubt that the nationalization of so many com­ panies in such a short time was a determining factor in the creation in April 1946 of a committee to study accounting nor­ malization (Commission de Normalisation des Comptabilites). The government needed to put some order into the disparate accounting of nationalized enterprises if it was to manage and control them adequately. What could be a better way to meet this objective than a uniform accounting plan? The fact that nationalized companies and the companies in which the state had an interest were the first to have the plan applied to them underlines the key role played by nationalization in the stan­ dardization of French accounting. In time, the government's objective was to extend the applica­ tion of the plan to private industry so that everyone could benefit from the enhanced comparability of accounting information. Economic Planning: The Modernization and Equipment Plan War destruction and appropriations by the occupying forces had left France in poor economic condition. In 1945, agricultural." In Accounting in France (RLE Accounting), 337. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315871042-38.

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Conference papers on the topic "National Benefit Life Insurance Company"

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Alema´n, Miguel A´ngel, Ramiro Bermeo, Andre´s Mendiza´bal, and Wong Loon. "Successful Social Environmental Management Model, Implemented in Ecuador to Overcome Impacts From a Heavy Crude Oil Spill." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31179.

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Abstract:
On February 25, 2009, OCP Ecuador S.A. faced its first incident; an oil spill consisting of 11,700 barrels of heavy crude oil in an area of high biodiversity in eastern Ecuador. An earth movement caused stress in the pipeline causing its breakage. The temporarily impacted area covered 30 hectares of soil and gravel along 180 kilometers of three rivers that form the high watershed of the Amazon River; these rivers are the Santa Rosa, Quijos and the Coca. During the emergency, while workers rallied to contain the spill and clean the affected area, other workers took safety precautions regarding the health of the inhabitants of the area. Consequently, 1,258 residents from the Gonzalo Pizarro and Orellana cantons received medical assistance in order to rule out patients with pathologies related to the oil spill. OCP executed a joint effort with the Emergency Operations Committee (COE) stationed in Coca in order to supply water for the citizens that reside in the affected area. OCP responded to the requirements claimed by residents, all of which were approved by the COE. Communities affected by the event participated in cleaning efforts through the creation of temporary jobs for them. OCP strictly adhered to the regulations passed by the Ministry of the Environment and those of internationally accepted best practices for these types of events. The media and the citizenry were kept continuously abreast of developments. In addition, all corresponding works and reliability tests were performed on March 4 in order to restart pumping activities. On September 30th, 2009, and following a rigorous process of cleaning and remediation (L&Rr—in Spanish) activities, all tasks were completed in all affected areas prior to an inspection and a walking tour of the area performed by governmental authorities, community members and independent observers. For the collective benefit of affected communities, the environment and OCP, local authorities and international auditors recognized the model established during the event. OCP created a taskforce charged with the execution of the Environmental Remediation Program (PRA—in Spanish) and environmental authorities prepared and approved this program. The Environmental Remediation Taskforce (UPRA) covered the following aspects related to the incident: legal, environmental, cleaning and remediation technical aspects, as well as social, environmental, financial, insurance, internal and external communication aspects, along with a rigorous oversight of contractors. The model implemented is the first of its kind deployed in Ecuador. National and international regulations in force validated the methodology used to remediate the soil, riverbanks and surface water contaminated with the oil caused by the incident. The application of this methodology, aptly deployed in response to the distress situation present at the various affected areas, allowed a reduction in a short period, of the total hydrocarbon concentrations established in the environmental standard, to equal or lower values than those previously indicated for sensitive ecosystems. OCP developed and implemented a technical, environmental and economic matrix that allowed the Company to choose and justify the remediation methods used in affected areas.
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