Academic literature on the topic 'National book award=1941'

Abstract Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined the National Liberation Army and the Partisan Groups of Yugoslavia. After the liberation in 1945 he started specialization in internal medicine at the famous clinic of Prof. Chilov in Sofia. In 1946 he applied to the call by the Yugoslav government to the doctors in Bulgaria to come in aid of temporary work in our country. On the advice of the current Federal Minister of Public Health Dr. Dimitar Nestorov, Dr. Tadzer came to Skopje and was assigned to work in the Country hospital. He started specialization in internal medicine at the famous professor Ignjatovski, he established a family and decided to stay in Skopje. In 1949 Prof. Tadzer ended his specialization and he was elected an Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine. In 1951 he left the Internal Clinic and he was elected an Assistant, and in 1952 he was elected a Docent in the subject of Pathological Physiology. In 1959 he was elected, and in 1964 he was re-elected as an Associate Professor, and in 1967 he was elected a Professor of pathophysiology at the Medical Faculty in Skopje. In the period from 1952 to 1978 he was Head of the Department and Director of the Institute of Pathophysiology. He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1969, and a Full Member in 1974. In the period from 1984 to 1988 he was a Secretary of the Department of Medicine and Biology of the Academy. Prof. Tadzer has published over 300 scientific papers in the field of clinical medicine and pathological physiology, of which about 200 in journals in English, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as well as 15 books, which include him among the most prolific pathophysiologists on the territory of former Yugoslavia and beyond. In the period from 1950 to 1966 several times he was on a vocational training in similar institutions and centers in Europe, and in 1972 he was on a study stay at many nuclear and medical laboratories in the USA. In addition to his great research activities his contribution as a teacher was of substantial influence and importance to the faculty. He was one of the greatest lectures at the Medical Faculty, the Faculty of Stomatology and the Pharmaceutical Faculty. Prof. Tadzer co-authored in most of the textbooks on pathophysiology for students of medicine, stomatology and pharmacy. He was an extraordinary physician, one of the pillars of the Macedonian medicine, he possessed universal, encyclopedic knowledge and is one of the most renowned medical workers in the second half of the 20th century in Macedonia. In addition to the scientific, medical and educational work Prof. Tadzer has especially rich social activity. He was President of the Faculty Council in 1975-76, he was Vice Dean of the Medical Faculty in 1958-60, Dean of the Faculty from 1963 to 1965, Dean of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and Vice Rector of the University from 1965 to 1967. Especially it should be noted his long-lasting activity at the Macedonian Medical Association of more than 50 years. Also, significant is his creative work within the Editorial board of the journal “Macedonian Medical Review”, where for more than 15 years he was Editor in Chief or member of the Editorial board. For his complete activity Prof. Tadzer has won numerous diplomas, plaques and awards, and among them the following are emphasized: National Award of October 11, Order of Labor of Second Degree, the Award of the City of Skopje – November 13, the Charter of Dr. Trifun Panovski and the Certificate of Acknowledgement awarded by the Macedonian Medical Association for the outstanding results in advancing the medical science, practice and development of the health care and the long-term contribution and promotion of the MMA.

The results of the study of electronic resources «Great deed of the people in 1941–1945», «Memory of the people in 1941–1945» of presentation for the award and awarding of medical officers with Navy medals during the Great Patriotic War have been considered. Two unique cases of awarding medical officers with the Order of Nakhimov have been described. It is shown that holders of award A. I. Katkov and A. G. Shishov greatly contribute to national med-icine due to their work in time of peace and war.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a true World War One event, the Christmas Truce of 1914. The paper is inspired by the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) award winning book, Shooting at the Stars: The Christmas Truce of 1914 by John Hendrix, which narrates the truce through a fictitious letter from a British soldier. On Christmas Eve, German soldiers on the western front line, specifically near the Belgium border, ceased fire and invited British soldiers to celebrate Christmas. Descriptions of events derive from oral histories and photos collected from actual soldiers who experienced this unusual historic event. Design/methodology/approach This lesson engages students in inquiry centers focused on events, location, soldiers, remembrance, and primary sources to answer the question: Why did the First World War Christmas Truce of 1914 occur? Practical implications World War One (AKA the First World War and The Great War) classroom history studies typically focus on tragic components of, what many call, a needless war. Many lessons examine military technologies, political power struggles, horrors of trench warfare, disease and casualties. In essence, “World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people – soldiers and civilians alike – were dead” (history.com Staff, 2009). This lesson reveals a spontaneous, impactful, emotionally charged event occurring during the worst of times. The Christmas Truce of 1914 moves students from thinking about the ravages of war into thinking deeply about what it truly means to be enemies, friends or even to mend relationships. Who are soldiers – what do they feel, need, believe and miss? During the truce, the longing for peace and human interaction superseded political ideologies, for a while. This lesson starts with students participating in a class discussion to uncover prior knowledge of the famous event. Students examine their real-life feelings regarding personal truces, answer guiding questions while rotating through classroom research centers, and collectively create a generalized response to answer the compelling question: Why did the First World War Truce of 1914 occur? Students will apply their understandings of the event, location, and feelings associated with the truce by taking a soldier’s persona and writing a letter home. Illustrations and maps further engage students’ creativity. Social implications This true story about the Christmas Truce of 1914 reminds us that countries may have differing ideologies and political beliefs which cause conflicts, yet people, as individuals, find commonalities making them seek peaceful connections with one another. Originality/value “The soldiers of 1914 remind us of the choice we all can make: we can see others as humans who matter like we matter – even when they’re our enemies. They also show us what can happen when we make that choice: enemies can become friends and, at least for a moment, there is peace” (Arbinger Institute, 2017, Section 3). This quote embodies the lesson’s value, because it brings understanding to a personal level – soldiers on the field. First World War soldiers were typically powerless. For instance, as many as 250,000 boys under the age of 18 served in the British army during the First World War. Patriotic fervor, escape from poor conditions or hopes for adventure were motives for joining. Birth certificates were uncommon; war recruiters received money for each sign-on, so boys as young as 14 went to war. In this lesson, students examine First World War background information; analyze the truce’s events, geography, soldiers and memorials. Students are immersed in large numbers of resources including videos, music, photographs, maps, books, articles, newspapers, historians’ perspectives, oral histories, museum archives and the First World War soldiers’ original letters that help reveal the story and help students understand underlying feelings of soldiers and their families.

A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. 
 References
 
 Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). Indo-English Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Mysore: Literary Half-yearly, University of Mysore, University of Mysore Press.
 Amanuddin, Syed. (2016 [1990]). “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian”. C. D. Narasimhaiah (Ed.), An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Bengaluru: Trinity Press.
 B A (Compiler). (1883). Indo-Anglian Literature. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rByZ2RcSBTMC&pg=PA1&source= gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
 ---. (1887). “Indo-Anglian Literature”. 2nd Issue. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60238178
 Basham, A L. (1981[1954]). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. Indian Rpt, Calcutta: Rupa. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/TheWonderThatWasIndiaByALBasham
 Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Peacock Lute. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd.
 Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Moving Finger. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd.
 Boria, Cavellay. (1807). “Account of the Jains, Collected from a Priest of this Sect; at Mudgeri: Translated by Cavelly Boria, Brahmen; for Major C. Mackenzie”. Asiatick Researches: Or Transactions of the Society; Instituted In Bengal, For Enquiring Into The History And Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia, 9, 244-286. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104510
 Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary [The]. (1971). Bombay et al: Allied Publishers. Print.
 Chatterjee, Dilip Kumar. (1989). Cousins and Sri Aurobindo: A Study in Literary Influence, Journal of South Asian Literature, 24(1), 114-123. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40873985.
 Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar. (1988). A Study of the Works of James Henry Cousins (1873-1956) in the Light of the Theosophical Movement in India and the West. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Burdwan: The University of Burdwan. PDF. Retrieved from: http://ir.inflibnet. ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/68500/9/09_chapter%205.pdf.
 Cobuild English Language Dictionary. (1989 [1987]). rpt. London and Glasgow. 
 Collins Cobuild Advanced Illustrated Dictionary. (2010). rpt. Glasgow: Harper Collins. Print.
 Concise Oxford English Dictionary [The]. (1961 [1951]). H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. (Eds.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4th ed.
 Cousins, James H. (1921). Modern English Poetry: Its Characteristics and Tendencies. Madras: Ganesh & Co. n. d., Preface is dated April, 1921. PDF. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/ 2027/uc1.$b683874
 ---. (1919) New Ways in English Literature. Madras: Ganesh & Co. 2nd edition. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31747
 ---. (1918). The Renaissance in India. Madras: Madras: Ganesh & Co., n. d., Preface is dated June 1918. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.203914
 Das, Sisir Kumar. (1991). History of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
 Encarta World English Dictionary. (1999). London: Bloomsbury.
 Gandhi, M K. (1938 [1909]). Hind Swaraj Tr. M K Gandhi. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/hind_swaraj.pdf.
 Gokak, V K. (n.d.). English in India: Its Present and Future. Bombay et al: Asia Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460832
 Goodwin, Gwendoline (Ed.). (1927). Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry, London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176578
 Guptara, Prabhu S. (1986). Review of Indian Literature in English, 1827-1979: A Guide to Information Sources. The Yearbook of English Studies, 16 (1986): 311–13. PDF. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3507834
 Iyengar, K R Srinivasa. (1945). Indian Contribution to English Literature [The]. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/ indiancontributi030041mbp
 ---. (2013 [1962]). Indian Writing in English. New Delhi: Sterling.
 ---. (1943). Indo-Anglian Literature. Bombay: PEN & International Book House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/IndoAnglianLiterature
 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (2003). Essex: Pearson.
 Lyall, Alfred Comyn. (1915). The Anglo-Indian Novelist. Studies in Literature and History. London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet. dli.2015.94619
 Macaulay T. B. (1835). Minute on Indian Education dated the 2nd February 1835. HTML. Retrieved from: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/ txt_minute_education_1835.html
 Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna. (2003). An Illustrated History of Indian Literature in English. Delhi: Permanent Black.
 ---. (2003[1992]). The Oxford India Anthology of Twelve Modern Indian Poets. New Delhi: Oxford U P.
 Minocherhomji, Roshan Nadirsha. (1945). Indian Writers of Fiction in English. Bombay: U of Bombay.
 Modak, Cyril (Editor). (1938). The Indian Gateway to Poetry (Poetry in English), Calcutta: Longmans, Green. PDF. Retrieved from http://en.booksee.org/book/2266726
 Mohanty, Sachidananda. (2013). “An ‘Indo-Anglian’ Legacy”. The Hindu. July 20, 2013. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/an-indoanglian-legacy/article 4927193.ece
 Mukherjee, Sujit. (1968). Indo-English Literature: An Essay in Definition, Critical Essays on Indian Writing in English. Eds. M. K. Naik, G. S. Amur and S. K. Desai. Dharwad: Karnatak University.
 Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt.New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles [The], (1993). Ed. Lesley Brown, Vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt.
 Oaten, Edward Farley. (1953 [1916]). Anglo-Indian Literature. In: Cambridge History of English Literature, Vol. 14, (pp. 331-342). A C Award and A R Waller, (Eds). Rpt.
 ---. (1908). A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Literature, London: Kegan Paul. PDF. Retrieved from: https://ia600303.us.archive.org/0/items/sketchofangloind00oateuoft/sketchofangloind00oateuoft.pdf)
 Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. (1979 [1974]). A. S. Hornby (Ed). : Oxford UP, 3rd ed.
 Oxford English Dictionary [The]. Vol. 7. (1991[1989]). J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, (Eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed.
 Pai, Sajith. (2018). Indo-Anglians: The newest and fastest-growing caste in India. Web. Retrieved from: https://scroll.in/magazine/867130/indo-anglians-the-newest-and-fastest-growing-caste-in-india
 Pandia, Mahendra Navansuklal. (1950). The Indo-Anglian Novels as a Social Document. Bombay: U Press.
 Payn, James. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, The Gentleman’s Magazine, 246(1791):370-375. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/gentlemansmagaz11unkngoog#page/ n382/mode/2up.
 ---. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, Littell’s Living Age (1844-1896), 145(1868): 49-52. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_ djvu.txt.
 Rai, Saritha. (2012). India’s New ‘English Only’ Generation. Retrieved from: https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/indias-new-english-only-generation/
 Raizada, Harish. (1978). The Lotus and the Rose: Indian Fiction in English (1850-1947). Aligarh: The Arts Faculty.
 Rajan, P K. (2006). Indian English literature: Changing traditions. Littcrit. 32(1-2), 11-23.
 Rao, Raja. (2005 [1938]). Kanthapura. New Delhi: Oxford UP.
 Rogobete, Daniela. (2015). Global versus Glocal Dimensions of the Post-1981 Indian English Novel. Portal Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, 12(1). Retrieved from: http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/portal/article/view/4378/4589.
 Rushdie, Salman & Elizabeth West. (Eds.) (1997). The Vintage Book of Indian Writing 1947 – 1997. London: Vintage.
 Sampson, George. (1959 [1941]). Concise Cambridge History of English Literature [The]. Cambridge: UP. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.18336.
 Sarma, Gobinda Prasad. (1990). Nationalism in Indo-Anglian Fiction. New Delhi: Sterling.
 Singh, Kh. Kunjo. (2002). The Fiction of Bhabani Bhattacharya. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors.
 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. (2012). How to Read a ‘Culturally Different’ Book. An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
 Sturgeon, Mary C. (1916). Studies of Contemporary Poets, London: George G Hard & Co., Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95728.
 Thomson, W S (Ed). (1876). Anglo-Indian Prize Poems, Native and English Writers, In: Commemoration of the Visit of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to India. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/ books?id=QrwOAAAAQAAJ
 Wadia, A R. (1954). The Future of English. Bombay: Asia Publishing House.
 Wadia, B J. (1945). Foreword to K R Srinivasa Iyengar’s The Indian Contribution to English Literature. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/indiancontributi030041mbp
 Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. (1989). New York: Portland House.
 Yule, H. and A C Burnell. (1903). Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. W. Crooke, Ed. London: J. Murray. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/hobsonjobsonagl00croogoog
 
 Sources
 
 www.amazon.com/Indo-Anglian-Literature-Edward-Charles-Buck/dp/1358184496
 www.archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_djvu.txt
 www.catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001903204?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5D=indo%20anglian&ft=
 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.L._Indo_Anglian_Public_School,_Aurangabad
 www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Anglo-Indian.html
 www.solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=local&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=OXVU1&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=Indo-Anglian+Literature+&scp.scps=scope%3A%28OX%29&vl% 28516065169UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any&vl%28254947567UI0%29=title&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any
 www.worldcat.org/title/indo-anglian-literature/oclc/30452040

The focus of the present paper is on work MILK – A National Problem, written by the doctor, journalist and professor Francisco Pompêo do Amaral, which earned the National Academy of Medicine 1955 award, and was then published by José Olympio Editora in 1957. The reason of our interest is the presence of memory hints relevant for the history of chemistry and dietetics, such as scientific instruments and iconographic and bibliographic documents deposited at Memory Center, Carlos de Campos State Technical School, São Paulo, Brazil. To elucidate the process of management of this work, we describe the studies conducted from the 1940s onward at Superintendency of Professional Education of the State of São Paulo, involving the dietitian staff, namely teachers at course for “Food Assistants or Dietitians”, which was the be first devoted to diet and nutrition in Brazil, established by Pompêo do Amaral in 1936. The aforementioned studies mention dietary surveys conducted with students at the female and male professional institutes of São Paulo, as well as teaching practices recorded in books and scientific journals from 1940 to 1955, which provide information on the use of scientific instruments in chemical laboratories via the iconographic records of the Institutes and exhibited at Diet and Nutrition Visiting Technical Reserve.

The national book award for nonfiction was given in 2010 to Patti Smith for her book just kids. Since Patti Smith is a rock star as well as a poet and “punk icon,” her heartfelt remarks at the awards ceremony did more for the book business than any other tribute could have done. Smith told the assembled guests that as a young woman working at the Scribner Book Store, shelving books emblazoned with the National Book Award logo, she had dreamed of writing such a book herself. She concluded her acceptance speech with an impassioned defense of the printed book: “Please, no matter how we advance technologically, please never abandon the book. There is nothing in our material world more beautiful than the book” (“National Book Awards—2010”).

For many people the fact that Louise Glück won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature was a complete surprise. Ian Probstein comments on the judges’ decision and reminds about the poet’s “CV” that includes National Book Award, Pulitzer Prize, Bollingen Prize, National Book Critics Circle Award, National Humanities Medal, several Guggenheim fellowships and some other prestigious awards. Louise Glück was Poet-Laureate of the United States (2003–2004), the president of The Yale Younger Poets Prize jury. The essay contains a brief biographical sketch and a careful, subtle analysis of Glück’s poetry supplemented by Ian Probstein’s translations of poetic fragments.

For political scientists, and particularly scholars and students of Africa, Crawford Young needs litde introduction. However, as he has now achieved an emeritus status at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, it is time to present his intimate understanding of African politics in the last forty years.Born in Philadelphia in November 1931, Young received his B.A, from the University of Michigan in 1953. He studied at the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London from 1955 to 1956 and at die Institut d'Etudes Politiques, University of Paris, from 1956 to 1957. He dien entered graduate school at Harvard University, completing his doctorate degree in political science in 1964. In 1963 Young was offered an assistant professor position by the Department of Political Science at die University of Wisconsin–Madison. He remained tiiere for his entire career, retiring in January 2001. He has held visiting professorships at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda (1965–66), and at the University of Dakar in Senegal (1987–88). He also served as dean of the Faculty of Social Science at the Université Nationale du Zaire from 1973 to 1975. Among his publications are twelve monographs, over one hundred articles, and chapters in numerous books. Several of Young's works have been translated into different languages.Young's professional career includes extended field research in Congo-Kinshasa, Senegal, and Uganda. He has received many prestigious awards such as the Herskovits Prize (African Studies Association) and the Ralph Bunche Award (American Political Science Association) for The Politics of Cultural Pluralism (Wisconsin, 1976), and the Gregory Luebbert Prize (APSA) for The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective (Yale, 1994).

It is worth noting that the important journal of the history of Serbian literature and music, the Serbian Literary Magazine (1901 - 1914, 1920 1941), became more Yugoslav-oriented within a relatively short period following its inception. From its early beginning to 1906, the Magazine?s musical critics did not actively express its Yugoslav ideology. But from 1907 there was an increase of interest in both the music and the musicians from Croatia and Slovenia. In 1911 the Croatian Opera spent almost two weeks in Belgrade performing; the composer and musicologist, Miloje Milojevic began to develop the idea of union with Slavs from the South in a critical analysis he rendered of their performance. Until the end of the first/old series, SLM highlighted a noticeable number of texts about Croatians and Slovenians: critical reviews of Croatian musical books, concerts of Slovenian artists in Belgrade, score editions of Slovenian music performances of instrument soloists from Zagreb in Belgrade - as well as notes about the musical work of Croatian Academy (Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb). Echoes of rare tours of Serbian musicians in South Slavs cultural centers did not go unheard, either. In the older series of the journal, lasting and two-fold relations had already begun to lean towards Yugoslav ideology. From one side, even before World War I, Yugoslav ideology in the Magazine was accepted as a program objective of Serbian political and cultural elite. On the other, the journal does not appear to have negotiated any of its aesthetic criterion when estimating musical events that came from Zagreb and Ljubljana to Belgrade - at least not "in the name of Yugoslav ideology". In later series of SLM, the Yugoslav platform was being represented as official ideological statehood of newly created Kingdoms of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (1918), i.e., the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929). At that time, the Magazine had occasional literary cooperation from Croatian musical writers such as Lujo Safranek-Kavic, Bozidar Sirola and Antun Dobronic. Their articles described activities of the Croatian National Theatre and evaluated new works of Croatian composers. But they were not at all remiss about acknowledging great masterpieces of European music being performed in Zagreb in their day, either. The works of Claude Debussy, Pell?as et M?lisande; Ludwig van Beethoven, Missa solemnis Richard Wagner, Lohengrin were also followed through reviews, albeit within a curious Croatian-paradigm of musical history which included musical and dramatic theatre from Ljubljana, Zagreb, Split, Sarajevo, Skoplje, Osijek. In other words, they seem to have been aware of the cultural differences without ignoring what from them were shared in common. Before the First World War, SLM classified Bulgarians together with Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, as the future "Yugoslav nation". When the reality of politics clouded their vision, the Magazine?s musical critics nevertheless pursued a troupe of Bulgarian performers to visit Belgrade, and thus added to their repertoire from works of Bulgarian composers. Among musical contributors to the journal were the eminently known "Yugoslavs", Dr Miloje Milojevic (1884 - 1946) and Dr Viktor Novak (1889 - 1977). From Croatia and Slovenia musicians Juro Tkalcic and Ciril Licar, Milojevic spoke about "our national artists" and praised musicians who, in their program, included compositions of "all Yugoslav nations". Dr Novak demanded that Belgrade become the musical capital of South Slavs, and invited Belgrade Opera to show on its scene the best Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian operas and ballets. From its onset, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was burdened by heavy political and economical problems. That would also lead to bitter dispute about Yugoslavian ideology. Nevertheless, SLM did not renounce the system of its objectives and values upon which it was built. But there is one particular section where the Magazine?s inconsistency can be noticed - when seen from a Yugoslav dimension of the journal - is the necrology column. Magazine did not publish even one obituary of Croatian musicians, and wrote fragmentary unclear and unconvincing criterion about Slovenians. However, it would be neither appropriate, nor real, to interpret incompleteness of the Magazine?s musical necrological texts in purely ideological light. Namely an insufficient number of musical contributors from all Yugoslav provinces - with the exception of Serbia - was probably the main reason for these omissions. After all, SLM was a literary journal and, as such, entertained numerous literary problems and questions. At some point, the editors must have agreed that the information in the field of musical posthumous articles was insufficient. The obvious absence of said would indicate that they did.

Each Peace Corps volunteer received a large, hinged box made of strong cardboard. This Book Locker was filled with paperback books for the volunteer to read and to pass along to students, villagers, and others. When the box was open, it had shelves and became a bookcase. The lockers contained novels, nonfiction books, reference books, maps, materials to learn English, and books about the region. Bill’s “diary,” which the prosecution argues demonstrated a motive for the alleged murder, is revealed to contain only quotations from Ceremony in Lone Tree, a book included in the Book Locker. The book was written by Wright Morris, a popular author of spare, midwestern stories, one of which brought him the National Book Award.

This chapter examines Robert Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man in the context of their winning of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, respectively. While considering the authors’ resistance to reading overt political commentary in their work, favoring a moral reading instead, the chapter argues that their insistence dovetails with the purpose of such large, national literary prizes: to reward works that best demonstrate the values important to the nation. Therefore, literary prizes such as the Pulitzer and National Book Award, as well as other cultural prizes (such as the Grammys, Academy Awards, Tonys, and Emmys) reveal themselves in the context of the Cold War to be awards that reinforce and reward correct ideological perspectives in the guise of good, democratic art.

IN 2004 I was honoured to be invited by Father Julian Warzecha to contribute to the Festschrift for Father Michal Czajkowski.¹ The book was partly intended to serve the cause of ‘rapprochement between various Christian denominations as well as between Poles and Jews’. In my opinion this cause is best served by speaking the truth—even if this truth is painful, bitter, and shameful. The national debate around the mass murder of Jews in Jedwabne in the summer of 1941 has shown that Poles have the courage to discuss the crimes committed by their compatriots. Faced with the sins of their forefathers, they asked for forgiveness, but the discussion of Polish—Jewish relations did not end there—in fact this was only the beginning....

Bradbury’s 1999 induction into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame opens chapter 36. That year he also received the George Pal Memorial Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films, followed in 2000 by a National Book Foundation Medal. His November 1999 stroke and subsequent loss of sight in his left eye did not prevent him from attending this ceremony, or from finally gathering his half-century-old stories of the supernatural Elliot family into a novelized story collection, From the Dust Returned. The chapter closes with Bradbury’s cautions against the loss of freedom of the imagination; these thoughts had resurfaced in his new book’s inter-chapter bridges and in his letter to Leon Uris reflecting on the mid-century climate of fear.

In 1995 Binjamin Wilkomirski published a book that was to become a source of fierce controversy. Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood recounts Wilkomirski’s experiences of surviving alone two concentration camps as a small Jewish child from Poland. Having lived most of his life as Bruno Dössekker, the adopted son of a Swiss couple, Wilkomirski claimed to have discovered his true identity through a long psychoanalytic process, which led to writing his story. The book quickly received popular and critical acclaim and won a number of literary prizes, including the National Jewish Book Award. What happened next is fairly well known: a 1998 newspaper article cast doubt as to the authenticity of Wilkomirski’s account, revealing instead the story of a Bruno Grosjean, the illegitimate son of an unmarried woman who had given him away for adoption in Switzerland. The book’s publisher then commissioned a historian to look into the allegations, which were consequently found to be correct. The book previously described as “achingly beautiful” and “morally important” was now declared as fake and its author a fraud. The Wilkomirski case has since figured in debates on Holocaust memory as a cautionary tale about the facility with which one can pass as a survivor— and convince a worldwide audience. The book was discontinued as memoir only later to be released in tandem with the historical study finding it false. While Wilkomirski’s memories may have been fabricated, the way they were depicted in the book is a fairly accurate description of traumatic memory. Even if the content of these memories is made- up their structure very much conforms to a psychology textbook entry on post- trauma. Evidently Wilkomirski was aware of this fact, as in the afterword to the book, he urges others in a similar situation to “cry out their own traumatic childhood memories.”

The political fraction of the transnational capitalist class (TCC) in architecture and urban design is made up of national, international, and transnational politicians and officials at all levels of administrative power and responsibility. They operate in communities, cities, states, and international and global institutions. They make decisions on what gets built where, how changes to the built environment are regulated, and on issues of urban preservation. The TCC facilitates the production of iconic architecture in the same way and for the same purposes as it does all cultural icons, by incorporating creative artists to construct meanings and aesthetics that effectively represent its power in order to maximize profits for the capitalist class. In his very widely reviewed book on megaprojects and risk, Bent Flyvbjerg (2003: 16) states, ‘Cost underestimation and overrun cannot be explained by error and seem to be best explained by strategic misrepresentation, namely lying, with a view to getting projects started.’ It seems to me sensible to bear this apparently extreme statement in mind when thinking about the relations between politicians and professionals in this field. The political fraction of the TCC in architecture divides into two over­lapping groups and two sets of institutions. First, there are globalizing state officials and politicians and their nominees in public agencies who promote, award, permit, or refuse contracts for important national or subnational (usually urban) projects. Governments and local authorities organize competitions, sometimes inviting entries from domestic or foreign architects. The selection of iconic foreign architects for prestigious national and urban projects has become a feature of the era of capitalist globalization. The second group com­prises inter-state and transnational officials and politicians who are influential for architectural projects promoted as sites or buildings with global significance. Others confer a sort of transnational political iconicity on existing buildings and places, notably through the World Heritage Site system of UNESCO (Edensor 1998: 184–7). The work of private transnational non-governmental organizations is also important. For example, the title and mission statement of the World Monuments Fund, ‘Saving the world’s architectural masterpieces and important cultural heritage sites from damage and destruction’, have a deliberately official ring.