Academic literature on the topic 'National characteristics, German, in art'
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Journal articles on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Firsova, Elizaveta, and Arne Schrader. "Antisemitism and Antiziganism: State of the Art and Challenges for Citizenship Education." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 52 (July 27, 2022): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/oevj6881.
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Abstract: The present article contributes to the theoretical and empirical work on antisemitism and antiziganism by outlining the state of art in the German scientific community on both phenomena. Although they differ in certain aspects, some key characteristics can be pointed out with the need to be tackled in educational contexts: both phenomena rely on racist worldviews manifesting themselves in similar rhetorical claims and are socially transmitted via forms of communication. Historically, both “groups” were considered as symbols of the Other in European societies. Their function as societal “counter-images” reinforced identification and bonding processes within the majority population’s in-group. Hence, exclusion and persecution of alleged members of these groups was legitimized. The article presents the theoretical and empirical debates on each phenomenon and examines the educational approaches discussed in the German research community. Subsequently, the article concludes with suggestions for further national and international discussions and research projects on antisemitism and antiziganism Keywords: antisemitism; antiziganism; racism; citizenship education; Othering; discrimination.
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Martynova, Daria Olegovna. "Inventing the National: The Art of Estonia in the 1880s-2000s." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 2(32) (2022): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.210.
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In the article, the author analyzes the visual strategies of the representation of the concept of «national» in the art of Estonia in the late XIXth-early XXIst century. Analyzing the socio-cultural discourses in Estonian art, the author comes to the conclusion that the initial «identity crisis» of Estonians associated with the Baltic-Scandinavian, Baltic-German and Soviet periods formed the basis of artistic strategies and practices of all Estonian art. Attempts to identify specifically Estonian features in art and culture led to the fact that artists rejected part of the historical and cultural experience of the nation: for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, «Young Estonia» («Noor Eesti») rejected the line of «national romanticism» by Kristjan Raud, and in the 1990s, young artists (Liina Siib and Mare Tralla) denied the Soviet past, creating ironic, repulsive works on this topic. This has led to the fact that over the past twenty years, museum and curatorial strategies in the Baltic States have been aimed at actively searching for their own identity and national and ethnic identity. However, the ambivalence of the perception of the «national» is also reflected in the exhibitions of modern Estonia: asking a question about the purely «national» in Estonian art, curators get into a certain theoretical and visual dead end, since it is impossible to separate Estonian art of any period from foreign and Soviet discourses. As a result, it is difficult to identify the «specifically Estonian», «Baltic» cultural identity, that is, the national characteristics of visual images. In this regard, the concept of the so-called «national» is still acute in contemporary art in Estonia.
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Earnest, Steve. "The East/West Dialectic in German Actor Training." New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000096.
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In this article Steve Earnest discusses contemporary approaches to performance training in Germany, comparing the content and methods of selected programmes from the former Federal Republic of Germany to those of the former German Democratic Republic. The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock and the University of the Arts in Berlin are here utilized as primary sources, while reference is also made to the Bayerische Theater-akademie ‘August Everding’ Prinzregententheater in Munich, the Hochschule für Musik und Theater ‘Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy’ in Leipzig, and Justus Leibig Universität in Giessen. The aim is to provide insight into theatre-training processes in Germany and to explore how these relate to the national characteristics that have emerged since reunification. Steve Earnest is Associate Professor of Theatre at Coastal Carolina University in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. His publications include The State Acting Academy of East Berlin (Mellen Press, 1999) and articles in Performer Training (Harwood Publishers, 2001), New Theatre Quarterly, Theatre Journal, and Western European Stages.
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Golikova, Irina Sergeevna. "International aspect in the history of Russian contemporary graphics: problems of interpretation and identity." Культура и искусство, no. 11 (November 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.11.34375.
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This article analyzes the examples of formal compliance with global trends in Russian print design of the XX – early XXI centuries. The subject of this research is the comparative characteristics of Russian and world practice in the area of contemporary graphic art. In this context, the author highlights the stylistic characteristics of expressionism (1910 – 1920) and neo-expressionism (1960s – 1980s). Comparative analysis allows determining the points of intersection of Russian examples to Western analogues, as well as their originalities outlying the formal criteria. Emphasis is placed on the sources of determination of the uniqueness of graphics as a form of art within the history of Russian art studies. In the course of this research, the author brings the examples of “expressive” graphics in the works of N. N. Kupreyanov and A. I. Kravchenko in relation to printmaking of German expressionism, and some recent examples of Russian graphics (Saint Petersburg artists P. S. Bely, P. M. Shvetsov) in comparison to the graphic experiments of A. Kiefer. The conclusions lie in determination of the unique tradition of Russian realism (V. A. Vetrogonsky and V. I. Shistko), which in the author’s opinion, should be considered the crucial actor in the identity of Russian graphics against the trends leveling national cultural differences of international contemporary art.
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Nataliia Chuprina. "PHENOMENON OF THE BIEDERMEIER PIANO MUSIC IN XIX CENTURY." Science Review, no. 9(26) (November 30, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30112019/6814.
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The aim of the article – to consider the Biedermeier as a phenomenon of European culture, generated by the Restoration era. The evolutionary and typological qualities of Biedermeier in all the diversity of its national models (German, Polish, Russian, Italian, French) are projected on the piano music of XIX century and its performing traditions; to present Biedermeier as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Methodology of the article – historical, general philosophical, social analysis of the Biedermeier as a cultural phenomenon, comparative analysis of national characteristics of the Biedermeier display.Scientific novelty – the Biedermeier phenomenon is presented as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Biedermeier traits characteristic of different national and religious traditions are also analyzed and presented.Conclusions: the Biedermeier as a specific phenomenon of musical culture, a kind of connecting musical “link” between elite art and “mass consumer” of art, creates certain pedagogical prerequisites for raising interest in various social strata of the society for the complex repertoire of classical music. Such an approach in understanding the idea of the Biedermeier, including the musical one, will prove to be essential in the revival of the values of planetary human unity and state principles – by the forces of individual and personal efforts of citizens and creators of Ukraine and countries and nations territorially historically close to it, since technological and analytical achievements and spiritual and social transformations in the human society are derived from the indicated general idea of the Great – through the small.
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Alieva, Yulia B. "Digital Music Collections of National and Major Public Libraries of German-speaking Countries." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 71, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2022-71-3-295-306.
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The article presents the brief description of freely available selected digital music collections of the national and largest public libraries of German-speaking countries: Austria, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. The author studies the main stages of the historical formation of musical culture in the German-speaking environment, chronologically correlated with the brilliant names of composers, founders and recognized authorities of the classical music school. As an illustrative material, the author gives diagrams with quantitative characteristics of the distribution of digital content by the types and quantity of documents, as well as personalities of composers. The paper provides current links to resources and thematic portals created by libraries within the framework of sectoral collaboration.National and major public libraries collect and store documentary heritage, including musical collections, which differ by the type diversity of documents. Digital collections generated by libraries based on their own priorities and technical capabilities contribute to the physical preservation of documents. Digital music collections act as promoters of the great heritage of the classical music school, which has received recognition on the world musical Olympus. For the first time, the paper considers the combined heritage of the classical music school of the national and the largest German-language libraries of free access. Thanks to modern technologies of document digitisation, the use of thermographic camera (for reproducing filigree signs), creation of comfortable interface in language understandable to user, libraries expand the audience of researchers, going beyond the country, contribute to conducting scientific research in a remote format. Libraries are becoming a progressive, democratic platform and an equal partner of the world scientific community and at the same time receive additional funding for the implementation of the next ambitious projects.
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Olga, Tayupova, and Minlibaeva Elina. "PECULARITIES OF REALITIES CONCEPTS VERBALIZATION IN MODERN GERMANLITERARY DISCOURSE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i3.2019.359.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern German language means used in the process of CITY and TRANSPORT concepts verbalization, presented in contemporary art discourse. It is precisely contemporary art prose that plays a special role in creating concepts of realities that are the semantic dominants of the work in question. From the point of view of the conceptual analysis method, the essence of the named concepts is revealed and their basic functions are determined. It is established that, taking into account the field structure of the concepts, language facilities are appropriately grouped and distributed. Due to this fact, it’s possible to isolate the core, the subnuclear zone, the near periphery, and also the far periphery of the analyzed concepts. In the structure of the literary concepts of realities the conceptual and figurative strata are under consideration. The conceptual stratum is actualized by language means with zero stylistic coloring. In turn, the shaped stratum is represented by the stylistically colored means of modern German language. Their frequency depends on a number of factors. First of all, the texts are written from the first-person point of view. This contributes to creating trust-based relationships between the writer and the reader. Secondly, the explication of concepts largely depends on the language personality of the writer and his/her mentality, which correlates with the characteristics of the worldview. In this case, literary constants, which are units of mentality, play a specific role, which makes the need for further comprehension of the concept as a literary category. There is emphasized the need to further study the concepts representation on the contemporary literary discourse texts basis, taking into account their national and cultural specifics. Also, it’s emphasized further concepts representation study based on the modern literary discourse texts with a glance to their national-cultural specifics.
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Hamacher, Lisa P. "Representing future generations in public participation procedures regarding the siting of a nuclear waste repository." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-219-2021.
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Abstract. State decisions regarding a repository for high-level radioactive waste have an extraordinary intergenerational significance. The academic legal discussion has increasingly strengthened the status of future generations in constitutional law. In its recent decision on the German Climate Protection Act, the Federal Constitutional Court equally emphasised that state actors have an obligation to protect future generations. Fundamental rights of future generations thus have an anticipated effect in the present. In general, the legislator is free to choose the appropriate means to protect these rights. The interests of future generations may be promoted by substantive or procedural law. The German Site Selection Act (StandAG), however, makes use of procedural protections to a significant extent. Including the interests of future generations in the existing public participation procedures and participation bodies is, therefore, crucial for the effective protection of future generations. The presentation examines to which extent the current legal framework for the site selection for a high-level radioactive waste repository in Germany enables an effective representation of the future generations' interests. Existing publications (Appel, 2005; Rose, 2018; Kloepfer, 1993) name various characteristics of effective “intergenerational institutions”. Accordingly, these institutions should be independent, exist long-term, serve future interests solely or primarily, and have strong rights vis-à-vis decision-makers; however, German constitutional law, namely the principle of democracy, limits the design of such institutions. Not all of the abovementioned characteristics can be combined. Nevertheless, the constitution enables means to include and promote the interests of future generations in decision-making procedures, which are not fully exploited by the German Site Selection Act. The participation procedure includes several groups which could promote intergenerationally just decisions, namely environmental associations, the public and representatives of the “young generation”; however, none of these stakeholders are “intergenerational institutions” in the abovementioned sense. Subsequently, the presentation proposes various reforms: improving the sustainability impact assessment during the legislative procedure, the implementation of an “intergenerational impact assessment” and an ombudsperson for future concerns, who could be affiliated with the National Citizens' Oversight Committee (Nationales Begleitgremium).
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Svyrydjuk, Vira. "SUBJECT ASPECT IN PROSPECTIVE GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INDEPENDENT WORK." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 3-4 (December 30, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2022.3-4.269666.
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The article deals with the subject aspect of the content of the formation of intercultural communicative competence of future teachers of German. The methodical, linguistic, psychological literature, the scholars’ experience in the field of the formation of foreign language skills and abilities in the context of intercultural communication are analyzed. The cultural component of the content and its relationship with teaching aids are highlighted. A communicative psychological model is substantiated, the observance of which contributes to the discourse development in the process of producing texts. The functions of texts as a starting point for the development of communicative skills and abilities in all types of speech activity are indicated. Within the framework of the subject aspect of the content, the characteristics of the discourse as a text “immersed in life” are presented. The attention is focused on the knowledge of the linguistic component, the use of which ensures the effectiveness of expressing an opinion in German. Examples of speech means in German are given and their national and cultural peculiarity in the process of creation and perception of texts of different genres and types is noted.Possible ways of modeling communicative situations in which future teachers act as potential mediators between native and German-speaking cultures are studied. Conclusions are drawn about the use of authentic texts and photo-illustrative material. It significantly expands the cultural aspect of the content of educational and methodological materials and ensures the effective formation of intercultural communicative competence. In addition, the authenticity of the educational material provides real conditions for conducting discourse, taking into account the national and cultural characteristics of the language being studied.
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Ryu, Ji Woong. "A Study on the Legislative Participation of Local Governments in Switzerland and Germany." European Constitutional Law Association 41 (April 30, 2023): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2023.41.567.
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The purpose of this study is to compare the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany to expand the participation of local governments in legislation in Korea. Today, opinions and participation of local governments are expanding through the strengthening of local autonomy and the expansion of decentralization. Currently, in Korea, local governments can indirectly present their opinions, participate in public hearings, hearings, etc. through the Local Autonomy Act, the National Assembly Act, and the legislative operation regulations, and these procedures remain objects, not subjects. In order to improve this, it is necessary to analyze the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany, where local governments and local government associations are actively participating as legislators and related parties in relation to autonomy, and review their implications for Korea. In the case of Switzerland, Kenton is widely recognized for his participation in legislation. To this end, the federal constitution stipulates in detail. Legislative participation is also recognized by expanding diplomatic affairs, and strong legislative participation is promoted through the right to request a referendum, and similar to Germany, federal senators can be formed as representatives of Canton to participate in parliamentary legislation. Looking at the characteristics of the legislative participation systems of Swiss and German local governments, the following characteristics are shown. First, legislative participation in the central government and the National Assembly is very actively recognized. On the other hand, in Germany, local governments and associations of local governments generally recognize limited and passive participation in legislation in the National Assembly. However, as a supplement to this, local governments are actively realizing legislative participation in the National Assembly through the exercise of members of the Federal Council or the right to vote. In Switzerland and Germany, the scope of affairs related to local governments is widely recognized for the scope of legislation that local governments and local government councils can participate in, but legislative participation is not limited to legislation, but even zero, rules, and plans are recognized. In order for local governments and local government councils to actively present their opinions on local autonomy and improve the legal system, including legislative participation by local governments It is thought that allowing the heads of local governments at the same national level to participate in actual state legislation and policies as State Council members could be a way to expand the institutional guarantees of local governments guaranteed under the constitution.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Allevato, Frank. "Constructing identities and defining the nation Germany since 1949 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=334.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 112 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-112).
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Mueller, Ulrike Anne. "White Germanness, German whiteness : race, nation and identity /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095265.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-273). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Doukas, Emmanuel. "Modern art, criticism and the politics of national identity in Germany, 1890-1914." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361036.
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Albu, Stefana Maria. "What is German? : migrating identities in Turkish-German literature : an analysis of cultural Influences on German national identity /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/15117.
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Frietsch, Elke. ""Kulturproblem Frau" Weiblichkeitsbilder in der Kunst des Nationalsozialismus /." Köln : Böhlau, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/71712948.html.
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Valenzuela-Sliger, Jennifer R. "Imaging the other representations of national identity in Mexican modern art /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442866.
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Bauman, Emily. "Die Kunst in der Photographie: Nostalgia and Modernity in the German Art Photography Journal, 1897–1908." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459438626.
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Kurzwelly, Jonatan. "Being German and being Paraguayan in Nueva Germania : arguing for 'contextual epistemic permissibility' and 'methodological complementarity'." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12180.
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This thesis involves a collaborative study of emic articulations and quotidian ways of ‘being German' and ‘being Paraguayan' in Nueva Germania, a rural municipality in Paraguay. An argument is made that the social categories focused upon during this thesis, were evoked according to different contexts. While many claimed that Germanness or Paraguayanness were key categories, essentialistic characteristics that defined them and others as people of a certain kind, in other situations these social divisions were disregarded or even contradicted. This leads me to the theoretical conclusion that social categories, and epistemic frameworks more broadly, should not be understood as universally relevant or as universally applicable, and should not be treated as such. The thesis therefore proposes to assume ‘contextual epistemic permissibility' as a key axiom for use within anthropology and in the wider social sciences. The possible theoretical and methodological consequences of such an assumption are elaborated upon. Different theories of self, social action, and agency are debated in the course of this thesis: it is asked which might best analytically accommodate the assumption of contextual epistemic permissibility. Furthermore, in order to reflect the multiplicity of emic epistemic frameworks, the thesis proposes that a notion of ‘analytical and representative complementarity' be introduced, rather than monistic theoretical models. Such complementarity is practised in the thesis through the use of different multiscalar analyses (for example, the use of different theories of nationalism), and through the simultaneous use of different forms of representation. The above theoretical divagations are intertwined and related to the individual stories of twelve people from Nueva Germania, and are presented with both textual and photographic means. The stories were created through a collaborative process. Each project participant was free to decide upon the subject of their account, and therefore the resulting stories are able to cover a variety of different themes, at the same time introducing the reader to individual histories, struggles, opinions, plans, and critiques. Some elements of these accounts directly relate to the theoretical debates focused upon within the thesis while other elements of the individual stories are left to speak for themselves, and for the reader to make sense of independently. The photographs and texts, in their intertextual presentation, allow for an embodiment of the argument concerning representational complementarity.
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Perez, Jeannine Salome Richard A. "A cross-national study of child art comparing for universal and culturally influenced characteristics /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9411043.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1993.Title from title page screen, viewed February 24, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Richard A. Salome (chair), Frances Anderson, William Rau, Marilyn Newby, Thomas Malone, Barry Moore. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Steneck, Nicholas John. "Everybody has a chance civil defense and the creation of cold war West German identity, 1950-1968 /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124210518.
Full textBooks on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Jürgen, Harten, Syring Marie Luise 1944-, and Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, eds. Deutschsein?: Eine Ausstellung gegen Fremdenhass und Gewalt : Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 14.3.-25.4. 1993. [Dusseldorf]: Die Kunsthalle, 1993.
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Stephan, Hohmann Joachim, ed. Melancholie: Ein deutsches Gefühl. Trier: éditions trèves, 1989.
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Jüdisches Museum Berlin (1999- ), ed. Heimatkunde: 30 Künstler blicken auf Deutschland. München: Hirmer Verlag, 2011.
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1883-1962, Lendvai-Dircksen Erna, Friedrich Thomas, and Blask Falk 1955-, eds. Menschenbild und Volksgesicht: Positionen zur Porträt fotografie im Nationalsozialismus. Münster: Lit, 2005.
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West), Nationalgalerie (Germany :., ed. Im Tempel der Kunst: Die Künstlermythen der Deutschen. München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Lorenz, Reilly, Jacob Beck, Sophie Horneber, Florian Keusch, and Christopher Antoun. "Google Trends as a Tool for Public Opinion Research: An Illustration of the Perceived Threats of Immigration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 193–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01319-5_10.
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AbstractTo gather public opinion data on sensitive topics in real-time, researchers are exploring the use of Internet search data such as Google Trends (GT). First, this chapter describes the characteristics and nature of GT data, and then provides a case study that examines the salience of perceived threats related to immigration in Germany based on the share of Google search queries that include language about these threats. Last, we discuss the advantages and possible challenges of utilizing GT data in social scientific research. We used the national polling results for the German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)—which runs on a largely anti-immigrant platform—as a criterion measure. GT data did not consistently predict polling data in the expected direction in real-time, but it was consistently predictive of future polling trends (35–104 weeks later) at a moderate level (r = .25–.50), although the size of the correlations varied across time periods and groups of keywords. Our mixed results highlight the low reliability of GT data, but also its largely untapped potential as a leading indicator of public opinion, especially on sensitive topics such as the perceived threats of immigration.
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Eckmann, Sabine. "German Exile, Modern Art, and National Identity." In Caught by Politics, 95–125. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08032-5_5.
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Weinert, Sabine, Manja Attig, Anja Linberg, Franziska Vogel, and Hans-Günther Rossbach. "Quality of Early Learning Environments: Measures, Validation, and Effects on Child Development." In Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, 27–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27007-9_2.
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AbstractIndividual differences and disparities in educationally relevant competencies and skills evolve from the very beginning of a child’s life. This chapter focuses on early learning environments as an important basis for acquiring those competencies and skills that depend and impact on education. Drawing on the Newborn Cohort Study of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC1) and additional validation studies, we address and empirically evaluate different quality measures of parenting behaviour and extrafamilial childcare along with their effects on early child outcomes. Results highlight the importance of considering differentiated measures of early learning environments such as indicators of cognitive-verbal stimulation or parental responsive emotional support from the very beginning, because these relate differentially to various domains of early child development. Furthermore, although different facets of interaction quality are associated with socio-economic family characteristics (SES), they relate to each other only moderately. In addition, we report on the validity and effects of quality measures of early external childcare in the NEPS-SC1 and discuss the emergence of individual differences and SES-related disparities in early child development.
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Steinweg, Anna S., Kathrin Akinwunmi, and Denise Lenz. "Making Implicit Algebraic Thinking Explicit: Exploiting National Characteristics of German Approaches." In Teaching and Learning Algebraic Thinking with 5- to 12-Year-Olds, 283–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68351-5_12.
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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.
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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.
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Schwaderer, Isabella. "Death and Transfiguration: Religion and Belonging in Felix Gotthelf’s Indian Opera Mahadeva (1910)." In Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies, 89–114. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40375-0_5.
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AbstractDoctor, composer, and Schopenhauer enthusiast Felix Gotthelf (1857–1930) created a symphonic drama Mahadeva (1910) in which he transformed a Goethe ballad into a religious–artistic manifesto. He combined Indian philosophy, as popularized by Paul Deussen, with Christianity and Schopenhauer’s philosophy. Inspired by Richard Wagner, he attempted an Indo-German national and religious revival in music based on a romantic conception of art and religion. It was in effect a conservative reorientation of a philosophical and artistic appropriation of Indian scriptures that betrayed attempts to establish the social ethos of the late German Empire as autochthonous and within the tradition of German intellectual and Reformation history. The author’s contribution is to examine the interconnections between religion, national revival, and music in the context of widespread cultural criticism shortly before the First World War.
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Jonker, Gerdien, and Isabella Schwaderer. "Introduction." In Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies, 1–12. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40375-0_1.
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AbstractWith the focus on the interface between religion and art, this interdisciplinary volume addresses India as a trope of primaeval religiosity and imagined origins in Imperial Germany, the Weimar Republic, and national socialist Germany, respectively. The book covers the period from 1880 to 1945, but with historical expeditions going back to 1800. Placing the focus on religion, it traces forms of identity-making and nation-building processes involved in the German–Indian entanglement. As a result, the volume offers a global historical approach to religion from a modern transformative perspective.
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Brooks, Rachel, Jessie Abrahams, Predrag Lažetić, Achala Gupta, and Sazana Jayadeva. "Access to and Experiences of Higher Education Across Europe: The Impact of Social Characteristics." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 197–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_14.
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Abstract Policymakers across Europe have increasingly emphasised the importance of paying close attention to the social dimension of higher education and taking further steps to ensure that the composition of Europe’s universities more adequately reflects the diversity of the wider population. While there have been a number of studies that have explored this through analyses of European- and national-level policy and others that have assessed a range of quantitative indicators related to student diversity, this chapter assumes, in contrast, an interpretivist stance; it is interested in the perspectives of those studying and working ‘on the ground’ within the European Higher Education Area. Specifically, we seek to answer this research question: To what extent do students and staff, across Europe, believe that higher education access and experiences are differentiated by social characteristics (such as class/family background, race/ethnicity/migration background, gender and age)? In doing so, we draw on data from a large European Research Council-funded project, including 54 focus groups with undergraduate students (a total of 295 individuals) and 72 in-depth individual interviews with members of higher education staff (both academic and non-academic). Fieldwork was conducted in three higher education institutions in each of the following countries: Denmark, UK-England, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain—nations chosen to provide diversity with respect to welfare regime, relationship to the European Union and mechanisms for funding higher education. We explore commonalities and differences between staff and students and between different countries, before identifying some implications for policymakers keen to promote further social inclusion within Europe’s higher education institutions (HEIs).
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Kanhai, Parveen. "‘The Priestess of Hindu Dance’: Leila Sokhey’s Repertoire and Its Reception in the Netherlands and Germany (1927–38)." In Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies, 163–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40375-0_8.
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AbstractLeila Sokhey, who became known as Madame Menaka, is recognized as a protagonist in the so-called Indian dance revival of 1923–47. Her dance embodied a marked ambivalence, for while it was part of a nationalist cultural endeavour, it was soundly grounded in a Western form of the aesthetics of Oriental dance. A variety of sources indicate that this stemmed from her own hybrid identity, as well as from her wish to fulfil the expectations of European audiences. Her art was considered ancient and deeply spiritual in the Netherlands and Germany. Prominent Dutch reviewers considered themselves knowledgeable about Hindu religious dance and suggested that its most authentic form existed in the colonial Dutch Indies rather than in India, whereas German reviewers adhered to and propagated the national socialist ideology and construction of India. Nonetheless, critics questioned whether it was possible to comprehend dance fully from a fundamentally different cultural tradition.
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Kludkiewicz, Kamila. "Museums of a Stateless Nation, between History and Art." In Spaces for Shaping the Nation, 131–52. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839466940-007.
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In this article, Kamila Kudkiewicz is dedicated to the question of Polish national museums in the nineteenth century. At the end of the eighteenth century, the historical territory of Poland was divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Each of these countries had its own laws and policies towards Poles: take, for example, the policies of Russification and Germanization implemented by the Russian and German authorities in their respective territories and, contrastingly, the autonomy granted to Polish Galicia in Austria-Hungary after 1860. Despite the differences between the regions, in the second half of the nineteenth century, Poles founded museums that were perceived to be 'national', whether on a de facto basis - as attested by publications and written sources from the period - or because they had the word 'national' in their very name. Although early initiatives to create museums with the designation 'national' were undertaken in Poland as early as the eighteenth century, actual national museums (or institutions considered to be such) only emerged after 1870. The latter consisted of : the Musee National Polonais (Polish National Museum) in Rapperswil, Switzerland (opened 1870), the Muzeum im. Mielzynskich w Poznaniu (Mielzynski Museum in Poznan, 1881), the Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie (National Museum in Krakow, 1883), the Muzeum Narodowe im. Krola Jana III we Lwowie (King Jan III National Museum in Lviv, 1908), and the Muzeum Sztuk Pieknych w Warszawie (Museum of Fine Arts in Warsaw), which was called after 1916 the Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie (National Museum in Warsaw). The most important Polish national museums were established in large urban centres, namely in regional capitals (i.e. Poznan, the capital of Greater Poland in the nineteenth century within the borders of Prussia, and Krakow, the main city of Galicia in the nineteenth century within Austria and later Austria-Hungary), but also in other nations (i.e. Rapperswil in Switzerland). They were founded by city authorities, learned societies, or private collectors. The fact that the museums were established and managed by various entities made their activities very diverse. However, one can observe two main areas of interest for Polish national museums in the nineteenth century: national (Polish) history, on the one hand, and Polish art, primarily contemporary painting, on the other. In some cases, like that of Rapperswil, the dominating elements of the collection were connected with historical elements that, at least initially, were also sentimental, nostalgic, and emotional in character. This sentimentality bespeaks the institution's intended influence on viewers. Elsewhere, the wish to exhibit and promote Polish art prevailed over the interest in objects related to national history (i.e. the Mielzynski Museum in Poznan). And certain museums underwent an evolution in their declared status, from that of a national gallery of painting to that of an institution attempting to show various aspects of Polish culture (National Museum in Krakow). The present analysis of the activity of these museums will focus on the discourse accompanying their creation, the goals set by their founders, and the curation of their exhibitions.
Conference papers on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Hartmann, Niklas, and E. Doruk O¨zdemir. "Impact of Different Charging Strategies of Electric Vehicles on the German Grid." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90492.
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In this paper the impact of different utilization scenarios of electric vehicles on the German grid is analyzed. Two different charging strategies are tested. Firstly the impact of unmanaged charging of electric vehicles on the national grid is simulated. Secondly charging and usage of the mobile storage in off-peak times is simulated. An important part of the simulation is to analyse the availability of electric vehicles. This part determines the percentage of vehicles, which can be plugged into the grid on hourly basis for all days of a typical week. The analysis of the availability of vehicles shows an overall high availability of plug-in electric passenger cars in Germany. A significant difference in the characteristics between weekdays, Saturdays and Sundays is evident. A high potential to use electric passenger cars for balancing the fluctuating renewable energy can be presumed, on the one hand due to the high availability of electric vehicles and on the other hand due to the large number of vehicles being plugged into the grid in the evening hours for which charging could be delayed into the night. In conclusion the simulation shows that with an unmanaged charging strategy the fluctuations of the demand increase above average assuming a rising number of electric vehicles introduced in Germany. If the whole vehicle fleet is substituted by electric vehicles, the national electricity consumption would increase only by about 18%. Concurrently the fluctuations of the national demand in Germany would almost double. However with an optimized charging strategy, a positive impact of the usage of the mobile storage on the national grid (reduction of fluctuations) can be recognized. Thereby the electric vehicles can be charged completely during the night, when the electricity consumption is low.
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Moharekpour, Milad, Stefan Hoeller, and Markus Oeser. "A comparative study of crack behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP) on three sections in Germany." In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/4pr5xno7.
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The traffic volume and the amount of heavy traffic on German motorways increased steadily. To guarantee mobility and reduce the national economic costs, road construction with maximum service life, minimum maintenance and minimum traffic restrictions for maintenance are needed. Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) are extremely durable in terms of use and maintenance. CRCP offer lower thickness, no transversal joints and the possibility to improve skid resistance and reduction of noise emissions through a thin asphalt surface. The performance of CRCP is influenced by a number of specific characteristics such as the thickness and the quality of the concrete, the longitudinal and transversal reinforcement, the base layer and the environmental conditions. These aspects influence the crack pattern, crack distance and crack widths. In Germany CRCP is in the stage of field testing. From 1997 to today, a total of 8 sections with many variations have been constructed. A detailed comparative study of these sections has been lacking. As part of a research project, the RWTH University and the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) are investigating these sections in CRCP with and without an asphalt surface in Germany and compare it to the Belgium standard constructions. Three CRCP sections were selected and evaluated throughout Germany. The aim is to evaluate the different designs in the sections in terms of their behavior, to quantify achievable service life, necessary maintenance and availability. From this, a preferred variant of the construction is designed and implemented on a motorway in Germany as part of a trial site.
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Schmitz, Paul, and John Berry. "Structure of Acculturation Attitudes and their Relationships with Personality and Psychological Adaptation: A Study with Immigrant and National Samples in Germany." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/ygkd3122.
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This contribution deals with the structure of acculturation attitudes and their relationship with personality dimensions and psychological adaptation. Based on two German samples—an immigrant and a national one— evidence suggests that four independent factors are underlying acculturation styles as assessed with the Acculturation Attitudes Styles (AAS). Integration, Assimilation, Separation, and Marginalization are independent, lowly correlated constructs and represent distinct modes of coping with acculturation demands. Analyses also demonstrate that each acculturation factor shows a specific pattern of personality characteristics, including basic temperament dimensions, cognitive styles, coping, and components of emotional intelligence. Finally, the four acculturation styles can predict psychological adaptation such as wellbeing, happiness, etc. Integration is the most adaptive acculturation strategy, whereas Separation and Marginalization most strongly predict negative outcomes.
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Schaaf, Manfred, and Friedrich Schoeckle. "New German Guideline on Reduction of Emissions and Its Impact on the Industry." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26041.
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The demands on industry to reduce fugitive emissions are steadily increasing. For the European Union the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) directive determines emission levels, and this directive must be transferred into national regulations. In Germany this is done by the TA-Luft (Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control). In addition, several VDI Guidelines give details for the implementation of the TA-Luft in the industry. In the guideline VDI 2440 (“Emission Control — Mineral Oil Refineries”) there are definitions for a high-grad sealing element which must be used in bolted flange connections (BFC) in TA-Luft applications. More details are defined in the VDI guideline 2200 (“Tight Flange Connections — Selection, Calculation, Design and Assembly of Bolted Flange Connections”), the topic of which is similar to the ASME PCC-1 document. For industry the most important guideline in respect of calculation and assembly of bolted flange connections is the VDI guideline 2290 (“Reduction of Emissions — Characteristics of Tight Bolted Flange Connections”) which will be issued over the course of the year. In this guideline the tightness classes required for a particular design analysis are defined. Because of requirements on the quality management system of the operating company in respect of the assembly of the bolted flange connections, the impact of this guideline will be extensive. In the paper the most important requirements on the industry resulting of the TA-Luft and the VDI guidelines are first summarized. Then the impacts of these requirements are illustrated, and some possible implementations of these demands which are under discussion at present are shown.
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Schaaf, Manfred, and Friedrich Schoeckle. "Measurement of Fugitive Emissions of Industrial Valves." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57936.
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Against the background of the reduction of fugitive emissions, the demands on industry are increasing, steadily. In Europe the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) directive [1] determines emission levels for different industrial facilities. Member countries must adopt these specifications into national guidelines like in Germany the TA-Luft (“Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control”) [2]. In addition, the German VDI guideline 2440 (“Emission control - Mineral oil refineries”) [3] gives more detailed procedures to meet the requirements. Apart from this qualification test in VDI 2440 in Germany, some other (more comprehensive) test procedures are established worldwide to examine the mechanical and tightness behavior of the packing material in valves. These test procedures are e. g. API 622 [4] or ISO 15848-1 [5]. The different test parameters of these test standards are compared in this paper with the ones of the VDI guideline 2440. Also, some typical test results of the VDI 2440 testing shall be illustrated and discussed in respect on the transferability to the other standards. Because the test procedures in the standards are different, it is not possible to perform the test on the same testing device. Especially the added requirement in ISO 15848-1 to measure the tightness of the body joint, leads to additional requirements on the testing equipment. In addition to the well-established test rig for the characterization of the mechanical and tightness properties of the packing material, a new testing device for valves is introduced. With this equipment, the stuffing box packing and the body seal of valves can be tested. The measurement of the friction forces during the stem cycles and the determination of the tightness characteristics (with Helium or Methane) are in the focus of the investigations of this test bench.
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FRANKENFELD, Christian. "Stereotyp "The ugly German": a negative national stereotype." In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v3.25-03-2022.p234-241.
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Despite the doubtfulness of national stereotypes, such views commonly become a subject of discussion in foreign language classes. The cliché of the typical‘ German is an ambivalent one, consisting of the perception of excessive diligence, punctuality, and economic strength, but combined with a militaristic, presumptuous, and narrow-minded mentality. These latter characteristics create a stereotype widely known as The ugly German‘, a term intrinsically tied to the history of the German Empire and National Socialism. In the following paper, the history of The Ugly German‘ will be illustrated by using examples from German literature, films, TV series and contemporary hip-hop music. The special characteristics of negative German stereotypes in Switzerland and Austria will also be discussed. Prospects for the handling of stereotypical national clichés in German foreign language classes will be debated and further developed.
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Zanders, Viesturs. "Soviet Disinformation and Latvian Diaspora after World War II." In International scientific conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ms22.16.
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The topicality of the study is determined by the fact that the currently widespread Russian disinformation policy is rooted in the experience amassed during the Soviet period, including the attempts to influence the Latvian diaspora living outside Latvia. Until now, research has highlighted the public political activities of diaspora organizations, neglecting the publications they produced. However, the documents available in the memory institutions of Latvia permit the researchers to reveal in sufficient detail the process of preparation and dissemination of these publications, as well as the frequently contradictory assessment of these publications. The aim of the research is, by using a range of unpublished documents and press publications of Latvians in exile community, which have not previously been included in the scientific circulation, to ascertain the experience of the Latvian exile society in the context of spreading true information about the history of Latvia and the situation in occupied Latvia, as well as evaluating the risks that could be caused by the uncritical use of Soviet publications sent to Latvians in the diaspora. The Latvian National Foundation (LNF, founded in Stockholm in 1947) can be considered the most consistent producer of such publications over a longer period of time. The materials released by LNF include publications that use sources of information available in the free world, as well as texts and images received from Latvia, which are published under cover names. A fair part of LNF’s publications was released in foreign languages (English, Swedish, German, etc.), as their target audience was the policy makers of Western countries. Some of the publications of LNF predominantly display the characteristics of representative gifts, but in general they form a significant part of Latvian publishing, – a contribution to maintaining the idea of the continuity of Latvian statehood. Relatively intensive sending of printed materials of occupied Latvia to Latvians in exile, starting from the second half of the 1950s, raises discussions about the value and place of these publications on the bookshelves of Latvians in exile. The findings of the research yield new insights into the role of certain organizations (in this case, the Latvian National Foundation) in Latvian book publishing in exile and the experience of the diaspora in dealing with Soviet disinformation.
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Bach, Constantin, and Daniela Myland. "An Experimental Method for Model Propeller-Ice Interaction in Air: Concept and First Results." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62248.
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One of the aims of the German national funded research project ProEis is to develop a methodology for determination of ice loads on model propellers which will then aid in improving and developing software tools for their prediction. For this purpose, a prototype device has been designed at HSVA within this project which is used to guide defined ice floes with one degree of freedom into a model propeller where they are milled and the resulting forces and moments are measured. This paper focuses on the description of the ice feeding device and presents some first results with respect to the physical process as well as measured load characteristics. For now, experiments are conducted in absence of water in order to exclude all hydrodynamic effects. A podded propeller is used which allows measuring of shaft torque and shaft thrust. A high speed video camera is also employed to record the propeller-ice interaction process at 5000 frames per second, allowing to observe the milling process in detail. Two basic impact patterns are observed with respect to their relative load levels. When the greater part of the leading edge of the propeller strikes the ice from the top, i.e. it crushes the granular layer and cuts off a relatively large chunk of ice, the maximum shaft thrust is approximately 1.5 times as high as when the leading edge of the propeller makes contact at the front face of a floe, scraping off a thin layer of ice. Shaft torque is mostly unaffected by the type of impact. The performance of the ice feeding device and the findings of the first tests presented here are reviewed and discussed critically. Recommendations for the planning of such tests and possible improvements of the device are given.
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Li, peng fei. "Research on the Inheritance and Development of National Cultural Characteristics in Art Education." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.511.
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Stanescu, Monica, Claudia florentina Berbecaru, and Andrei valeriu Micle. "HOW EFFICIENT ARE THE WEB BASED LEARNING METHODS IN ANTI-DOPING EDUCATION OF ROMANIAN ATHLETES?" In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-216.
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Anti-doping education is among the most important tasks of the specialized organizations in this area. A while ago the emphasis was placed on testing actions aimed to identify if the athletes use forbidden substances. Nowadays, the national anti-doping agencies, independently or in partnership with different organizations of the formal (preuniversity or university level) or non-formal education system, have expanded their methods and means designed for anti-doping education. Web-based learning methods in anti-doping education is a new trend in this educational field specific to performance sport. The obvious advantages of these methods convinced the anti-doping organizations to develop and to use on-line tools. Some of the most relevant e-learning platforms are ADel (Alpha, Coach true, Sport Physician Kit On line, Ado Kick Start, Parents' Guide to Support Clean Sport), edu.anad.ro (Romanian Anti-Doping Agency), e-Learning Germany (National Agency from Germany), e-Learning England (AntiDoping Agency from England), iLiftClean Education Platform (Weight Lifting International Federation). The paper intends to emphasize the awareness level of the anti-doping training programs based on web learning methods among Romanian athletes. For this purpose, we organised a survey based on a questionnaire, with the following variables: level of knowledge among athletes about the on-line educational anti-doping tools, the frequency of accessing these tools, the level of efficiency perceived by the athletes who use them, the advantages and disadvantages perceived by the athletes. The research was applied to 150 athletes, aged from 15 to18 and practicing different sports (track and field, artistic gymnastics, handball, swimming, judo, wrestling, volleyball, ice-hockey, ice-skating, cross country skiing, alpine skiing, escalade, snowboard), who accepted to participate in this survey. The conclusions of the paper emphasize some characteristics of the anti-doping education among Romanian athletes and allow us to recommend possible measures to improve the anti-doping educational actions of the Romanian Anti-doping Agency.
Reports on the topic "National characteristics, German, in art"
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.