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1
Firsova, Elizaveta, and Arne Schrader. "Antisemitism and Antiziganism: State of the Art and Challenges for Citizenship Education." Rhetoric and Communications, no. 52 (July 27, 2022): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55206/oevj6881.
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Abstract: The present article contributes to the theoretical and empirical work on antisemitism and antiziganism by outlining the state of art in the German scientific community on both phenomena. Although they differ in certain aspects, some key characteristics can be pointed out with the need to be tackled in educational contexts: both phenomena rely on racist worldviews manifesting themselves in similar rhetorical claims and are socially transmitted via forms of communication. Historically, both “groups” were considered as symbols of the Other in European societies. Their function as societal “counter-images” reinforced identification and bonding processes within the majority population’s in-group. Hence, exclusion and persecution of alleged members of these groups was legitimized. The article presents the theoretical and empirical debates on each phenomenon and examines the educational approaches discussed in the German research community. Subsequently, the article concludes with suggestions for further national and international discussions and research projects on antisemitism and antiziganism Keywords: antisemitism; antiziganism; racism; citizenship education; Othering; discrimination.
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Martynova, Daria Olegovna. "Inventing the National: The Art of Estonia in the 1880s-2000s." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 2(32) (2022): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2022.210.
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In the article, the author analyzes the visual strategies of the representation of the concept of «national» in the art of Estonia in the late XIXth-early XXIst century. Analyzing the socio-cultural discourses in Estonian art, the author comes to the conclusion that the initial «identity crisis» of Estonians associated with the Baltic-Scandinavian, Baltic-German and Soviet periods formed the basis of artistic strategies and practices of all Estonian art. Attempts to identify specifically Estonian features in art and culture led to the fact that artists rejected part of the historical and cultural experience of the nation: for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, «Young Estonia» («Noor Eesti») rejected the line of «national romanticism» by Kristjan Raud, and in the 1990s, young artists (Liina Siib and Mare Tralla) denied the Soviet past, creating ironic, repulsive works on this topic. This has led to the fact that over the past twenty years, museum and curatorial strategies in the Baltic States have been aimed at actively searching for their own identity and national and ethnic identity. However, the ambivalence of the perception of the «national» is also reflected in the exhibitions of modern Estonia: asking a question about the purely «national» in Estonian art, curators get into a certain theoretical and visual dead end, since it is impossible to separate Estonian art of any period from foreign and Soviet discourses. As a result, it is difficult to identify the «specifically Estonian», «Baltic» cultural identity, that is, the national characteristics of visual images. In this regard, the concept of the so-called «national» is still acute in contemporary art in Estonia.
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Earnest, Steve. "The East/West Dialectic in German Actor Training." New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000096.
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In this article Steve Earnest discusses contemporary approaches to performance training in Germany, comparing the content and methods of selected programmes from the former Federal Republic of Germany to those of the former German Democratic Republic. The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock and the University of the Arts in Berlin are here utilized as primary sources, while reference is also made to the Bayerische Theater-akademie ‘August Everding’ Prinzregententheater in Munich, the Hochschule für Musik und Theater ‘Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy’ in Leipzig, and Justus Leibig Universität in Giessen. The aim is to provide insight into theatre-training processes in Germany and to explore how these relate to the national characteristics that have emerged since reunification. Steve Earnest is Associate Professor of Theatre at Coastal Carolina University in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. His publications include The State Acting Academy of East Berlin (Mellen Press, 1999) and articles in Performer Training (Harwood Publishers, 2001), New Theatre Quarterly, Theatre Journal, and Western European Stages.
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Golikova, Irina Sergeevna. "International aspect in the history of Russian contemporary graphics: problems of interpretation and identity." Культура и искусство, no. 11 (November 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.11.34375.
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This article analyzes the examples of formal compliance with global trends in Russian print design of the XX – early XXI centuries. The subject of this research is the comparative characteristics of Russian and world practice in the area of contemporary graphic art. In this context, the author highlights the stylistic characteristics of expressionism (1910 – 1920) and neo-expressionism (1960s – 1980s). Comparative analysis allows determining the points of intersection of Russian examples to Western analogues, as well as their originalities outlying the formal criteria. Emphasis is placed on the sources of determination of the uniqueness of graphics as a form of art within the history of Russian art studies. In the course of this research, the author brings the examples of “expressive” graphics in the works of N. N. Kupreyanov and A. I. Kravchenko in relation to printmaking of German expressionism, and some recent examples of Russian graphics (Saint Petersburg artists P. S. Bely, P. M. Shvetsov) in comparison to the graphic experiments of A. Kiefer. The conclusions lie in determination of the unique tradition of Russian realism (V. A. Vetrogonsky and V. I. Shistko), which in the author’s opinion, should be considered the crucial actor in the identity of Russian graphics against the trends leveling national cultural differences of international contemporary art.
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Nataliia Chuprina. "PHENOMENON OF THE BIEDERMEIER PIANO MUSIC IN XIX CENTURY." Science Review, no. 9(26) (November 30, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30112019/6814.
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The aim of the article – to consider the Biedermeier as a phenomenon of European culture, generated by the Restoration era. The evolutionary and typological qualities of Biedermeier in all the diversity of its national models (German, Polish, Russian, Italian, French) are projected on the piano music of XIX century and its performing traditions; to present Biedermeier as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Methodology of the article – historical, general philosophical, social analysis of the Biedermeier as a cultural phenomenon, comparative analysis of national characteristics of the Biedermeier display.Scientific novelty – the Biedermeier phenomenon is presented as a specific direction of musical art which creates the conditions for understanding and absorbing of a complex academic repertoire by an unprepared audience. Biedermeier traits characteristic of different national and religious traditions are also analyzed and presented.Conclusions: the Biedermeier as a specific phenomenon of musical culture, a kind of connecting musical “link” between elite art and “mass consumer” of art, creates certain pedagogical prerequisites for raising interest in various social strata of the society for the complex repertoire of classical music. Such an approach in understanding the idea of the Biedermeier, including the musical one, will prove to be essential in the revival of the values of planetary human unity and state principles – by the forces of individual and personal efforts of citizens and creators of Ukraine and countries and nations territorially historically close to it, since technological and analytical achievements and spiritual and social transformations in the human society are derived from the indicated general idea of the Great – through the small.
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Alieva, Yulia B. "Digital Music Collections of National and Major Public Libraries of German-speaking Countries." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 71, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2022-71-3-295-306.
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The article presents the brief description of freely available selected digital music collections of the national and largest public libraries of German-speaking countries: Austria, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. The author studies the main stages of the historical formation of musical culture in the German-speaking environment, chronologically correlated with the brilliant names of composers, founders and recognized authorities of the classical music school. As an illustrative material, the author gives diagrams with quantitative characteristics of the distribution of digital content by the types and quantity of documents, as well as personalities of composers. The paper provides current links to resources and thematic portals created by libraries within the framework of sectoral collaboration.National and major public libraries collect and store documentary heritage, including musical collections, which differ by the type diversity of documents. Digital collections generated by libraries based on their own priorities and technical capabilities contribute to the physical preservation of documents. Digital music collections act as promoters of the great heritage of the classical music school, which has received recognition on the world musical Olympus. For the first time, the paper considers the combined heritage of the classical music school of the national and the largest German-language libraries of free access. Thanks to modern technologies of document digitisation, the use of thermographic camera (for reproducing filigree signs), creation of comfortable interface in language understandable to user, libraries expand the audience of researchers, going beyond the country, contribute to conducting scientific research in a remote format. Libraries are becoming a progressive, democratic platform and an equal partner of the world scientific community and at the same time receive additional funding for the implementation of the next ambitious projects.
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Olga, Tayupova, and Minlibaeva Elina. "PECULARITIES OF REALITIES CONCEPTS VERBALIZATION IN MODERN GERMANLITERARY DISCOURSE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i3.2019.359.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern German language means used in the process of CITY and TRANSPORT concepts verbalization, presented in contemporary art discourse. It is precisely contemporary art prose that plays a special role in creating concepts of realities that are the semantic dominants of the work in question. From the point of view of the conceptual analysis method, the essence of the named concepts is revealed and their basic functions are determined. It is established that, taking into account the field structure of the concepts, language facilities are appropriately grouped and distributed. Due to this fact, it’s possible to isolate the core, the subnuclear zone, the near periphery, and also the far periphery of the analyzed concepts. In the structure of the literary concepts of realities the conceptual and figurative strata are under consideration. The conceptual stratum is actualized by language means with zero stylistic coloring. In turn, the shaped stratum is represented by the stylistically colored means of modern German language. Their frequency depends on a number of factors. First of all, the texts are written from the first-person point of view. This contributes to creating trust-based relationships between the writer and the reader. Secondly, the explication of concepts largely depends on the language personality of the writer and his/her mentality, which correlates with the characteristics of the worldview. In this case, literary constants, which are units of mentality, play a specific role, which makes the need for further comprehension of the concept as a literary category. There is emphasized the need to further study the concepts representation on the contemporary literary discourse texts basis, taking into account their national and cultural specifics. Also, it’s emphasized further concepts representation study based on the modern literary discourse texts with a glance to their national-cultural specifics.
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Hamacher, Lisa P. "Representing future generations in public participation procedures regarding the siting of a nuclear waste repository." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-219-2021.
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Abstract. State decisions regarding a repository for high-level radioactive waste have an extraordinary intergenerational significance. The academic legal discussion has increasingly strengthened the status of future generations in constitutional law. In its recent decision on the German Climate Protection Act, the Federal Constitutional Court equally emphasised that state actors have an obligation to protect future generations. Fundamental rights of future generations thus have an anticipated effect in the present. In general, the legislator is free to choose the appropriate means to protect these rights. The interests of future generations may be promoted by substantive or procedural law. The German Site Selection Act (StandAG), however, makes use of procedural protections to a significant extent. Including the interests of future generations in the existing public participation procedures and participation bodies is, therefore, crucial for the effective protection of future generations. The presentation examines to which extent the current legal framework for the site selection for a high-level radioactive waste repository in Germany enables an effective representation of the future generations' interests. Existing publications (Appel, 2005; Rose, 2018; Kloepfer, 1993) name various characteristics of effective “intergenerational institutions”. Accordingly, these institutions should be independent, exist long-term, serve future interests solely or primarily, and have strong rights vis-à-vis decision-makers; however, German constitutional law, namely the principle of democracy, limits the design of such institutions. Not all of the abovementioned characteristics can be combined. Nevertheless, the constitution enables means to include and promote the interests of future generations in decision-making procedures, which are not fully exploited by the German Site Selection Act. The participation procedure includes several groups which could promote intergenerationally just decisions, namely environmental associations, the public and representatives of the “young generation”; however, none of these stakeholders are “intergenerational institutions” in the abovementioned sense. Subsequently, the presentation proposes various reforms: improving the sustainability impact assessment during the legislative procedure, the implementation of an “intergenerational impact assessment” and an ombudsperson for future concerns, who could be affiliated with the National Citizens' Oversight Committee (Nationales Begleitgremium).
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Svyrydjuk, Vira. "SUBJECT ASPECT IN PROSPECTIVE GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROCESS OF INDEPENDENT WORK." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 3-4 (December 30, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2022.3-4.269666.
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The article deals with the subject aspect of the content of the formation of intercultural communicative competence of future teachers of German. The methodical, linguistic, psychological literature, the scholars’ experience in the field of the formation of foreign language skills and abilities in the context of intercultural communication are analyzed. The cultural component of the content and its relationship with teaching aids are highlighted. A communicative psychological model is substantiated, the observance of which contributes to the discourse development in the process of producing texts. The functions of texts as a starting point for the development of communicative skills and abilities in all types of speech activity are indicated. Within the framework of the subject aspect of the content, the characteristics of the discourse as a text “immersed in life” are presented. The attention is focused on the knowledge of the linguistic component, the use of which ensures the effectiveness of expressing an opinion in German. Examples of speech means in German are given and their national and cultural peculiarity in the process of creation and perception of texts of different genres and types is noted.Possible ways of modeling communicative situations in which future teachers act as potential mediators between native and German-speaking cultures are studied. Conclusions are drawn about the use of authentic texts and photo-illustrative material. It significantly expands the cultural aspect of the content of educational and methodological materials and ensures the effective formation of intercultural communicative competence. In addition, the authenticity of the educational material provides real conditions for conducting discourse, taking into account the national and cultural characteristics of the language being studied.
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Ryu, Ji Woong. "A Study on the Legislative Participation of Local Governments in Switzerland and Germany." European Constitutional Law Association 41 (April 30, 2023): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2023.41.567.
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The purpose of this study is to compare the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany to expand the participation of local governments in legislation in Korea. Today, opinions and participation of local governments are expanding through the strengthening of local autonomy and the expansion of decentralization. Currently, in Korea, local governments can indirectly present their opinions, participate in public hearings, hearings, etc. through the Local Autonomy Act, the National Assembly Act, and the legislative operation regulations, and these procedures remain objects, not subjects. In order to improve this, it is necessary to analyze the legal systems of Switzerland and Germany, where local governments and local government associations are actively participating as legislators and related parties in relation to autonomy, and review their implications for Korea. In the case of Switzerland, Kenton is widely recognized for his participation in legislation. To this end, the federal constitution stipulates in detail. Legislative participation is also recognized by expanding diplomatic affairs, and strong legislative participation is promoted through the right to request a referendum, and similar to Germany, federal senators can be formed as representatives of Canton to participate in parliamentary legislation. Looking at the characteristics of the legislative participation systems of Swiss and German local governments, the following characteristics are shown. First, legislative participation in the central government and the National Assembly is very actively recognized. On the other hand, in Germany, local governments and associations of local governments generally recognize limited and passive participation in legislation in the National Assembly. However, as a supplement to this, local governments are actively realizing legislative participation in the National Assembly through the exercise of members of the Federal Council or the right to vote. In Switzerland and Germany, the scope of affairs related to local governments is widely recognized for the scope of legislation that local governments and local government councils can participate in, but legislative participation is not limited to legislation, but even zero, rules, and plans are recognized. In order for local governments and local government councils to actively present their opinions on local autonomy and improve the legal system, including legislative participation by local governments It is thought that allowing the heads of local governments at the same national level to participate in actual state legislation and policies as State Council members could be a way to expand the institutional guarantees of local governments guaranteed under the constitution.
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Rubenzer, Mario. "Mentality Differences in the Field of Medicine: Challenges in Cross-Cultural Collaborations in Austrian and German Hospitals between Native Physicians and Immigrated Colleagues from Poland and Hungary." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 5, no. 5 (2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.55.2004.
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Within the last decades, studies about characteristics of national culture have mostly been focused on the business sector. In other industries, like the field of medicine, research about mentality differences is still in its infancy. Due to increased international job mobility of physicians around the globe, especially within the European Union, it is considered necessary to draw more attention at this topic. For this purpose, some studies are presented initially that have already addressed the issue of cultural differences in the field of medicine. By extracting their most crucial findings, an overview regarding the state-of-the- art is provided. Based on these findings, a design for qualitative research is modelled that is aimed at closing these knowledge gaps. As a first step in this context, it is explained which perspective is considered to be the most promising in terms of generating in-depth insights. Moreover, a possible approach towards constructing mentalities beyond a national level is introduced. This part goes hand in hand with suggesting two mentalities whose comparison is regarded to make sense. These mentalities are going to be an Austro-Germanic Mentality (physicians from Austria and Germany) and a Magyar- Slavic Mentality (physicians from Hungary and Poland). Subsequently, the author is going to recommend some dimensions of established cultural models that should be taken into account when designing an interview outline. Beyond that, some preliminary findings of an ongoing study with Eastern European doctors who are working in Austrian and German hospitals are presented. So far, it has become obvious that there is a remarkable different approach towards hierarchy and leadership, personal relationships with colleagues as well as task-fulfillment and personal responsibility. In the last part of this paper, the author emphasizes the positive effects that are expected to occur when awareness in terms of mentality differences is raised and how they could be achieved.
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Timofeev, P., and M. Khorolskaya. "On the Potential of the Franco-German Tandem to Respond to the Common Security Challenges." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 1 (2021): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2021-1-70-83.
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The article focuses on the French and German joint efforts towards strengthening the EU’s ability to address the security challenges and act in the European frontier regions. The authors look closely at the two instruments aimed at developing the EU defense capacity: civil missions and military operations, and the European Intervention Initiative (EI2). In the first part of the article, they argue that after 1992 there was a strong possibility for the UK becoming France’s major partner in the military field, rather than Germany. Nevertheless, eventually, Germany shifted to the position of the key French ally in this area, helping to build the basis for the EU autonomous military potential. The EU has undertaken a number of civil missions and military operations; however, their scale and main parameters are far from the characteristics of such interventions of the UN, NATO, or national military operations. The authors indicate that it is difficult to talk about any “special role” of the Franco-German tandem in this field. Both states can be described as “major donors” for the EU missions and operations rather than champions in the EU security. In several cases there is a lack of synchronization of the countries’ objectives thus their military cooperation sometimes causes serious misunderstandings blocking the fragile coordination on the EU level. In the second part of their research the authors analyze the role of the Franco-German tandem in the European Intervention Initiative (EI2) establishment. The article examines three reasons behind the France’s decision to launch the EI2 initiative in 2018 despite some German objections. The EI2 emerged as a flexible frame for nine countries seeking to carry out offensive operations and interventions outside of the EU and to develop a joint strategic culture. The unique character of the EI2 is evident due to its possibility to engage member countries of the EU, CSFP/PESCO and NATO. The new organization aims to coordinate the work of strategic groups on the broad range of issues. The authors conclude that despite some differences, the Franco-German tandem stimulates a range of projects aspiring to expand its European leadership and to enforce the EU strategic autonomy. Meanwhile, the military leadership of the tandem in the future is not guaranteed, and as the PESCO example shows, there are reasons to start talking about the “quadriga” of players (France, Germany, Italy and Spain), possibly in cooperation with the UK.
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Kravchenko, M. "HUMAN DIGNITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE GERMAN LEGAL DOCTRINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 113 (2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2020/2.113-7.
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The article studies the right to human dignity through the prism of German legal doctrine. During the research, a wide range of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific cognition has been used, in particular: methods of dialectical logic, comparative legal and system-structural methods. The paper analyses domestic and German legal resources on the right to human dignity, in particular the works of S. von Puffendorf, I. Kant and G. Durig. As a result of the study, the author states that the German legal opinion formed the fundamental doctrine of the right to human dignity. This doctrine began in Germany, back in the Renaissance. For the first time, it was systematized in the works of a German researcher S. von Puffendorf. The article illustrates that human dignity is revealed in the German doctrine of fundamental human rights through a number of characteristics. The right to human dignity is the foundation of social value and respect for human beings. It prohibits the conversion of a person to an object in state procedures. Human dignity is not only the individual dignity, but also the dignity of a person as a species. Everyone possesses it regardless of its characteristics, achievements and social status. It also belongs to someone who cannot act reasonably because of his or her physical or mental state. They do not lose their human dignity even through "unworthy" behaviour, for example, by committing any crime. No one can be deprived of human dignity. Attention is drawn to the fact that German law does not intentionally give a definitive definition of the right to human dignity. It merely defines a comprehensive list of requirements for the protection of this fundamental human right. The reason for this is that any definition cannot guarantee the absolute protection of this human right. In other words, such a normative definition of this human right will inevitably lead to such a situation where it cannot protect the human dignity of an individual or even be the legal basis for its restriction. In this part, the German approach to the definition of the right to human dignity differs significantly from the domestic approach, since for the national science and practice of lawmaking it is quite logical to take a different approach, in particular to formulate clear and comprehensive definitions of legally significant phenomena and categories. It has been established that, according to the German doctrine of fundamental human rights, human dignity must be protected in any way within any relationship. It was found that the German Nazis had a negative influence on the German doctrine of the human dignity. This is due to the fact that the protection of human dignity was not built around what was allowed to be done, but about what was forbidden under any circumstances. Keywords: human dignity, a fundamental human right, a human rights doctrine, a state, legislation.
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Lammers, Astrid E., Paul C. Helm, Ulrike M. Bauer, Ann-Kathrin van Huelsen, Helmut Schneider, Helmut Baumgartner, and Gerhard-Paul Diller. "Optimizing Care for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Results of a Conjoint Analysis Based on a Nationwide Sample of Patients Included in the German National Register." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163483.
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(1) Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) requires lifelong specialized care. Failure to follow up and gaps in care are common in this group and lead to increased morbidity/mortality. We evaluated patients’ perceived needs and expectations regarding specialized care using state-of-the-art statistical and market research techniques based on a nationwide sample of CHD patients. (2) Methods: A random sample of adults with CHD registered in the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects were invited to answer an adaptive online questionnaire based on the conjoint analysis (CA) technique. CA determines the relative importance of various aspects of health care provision and allows individuals to trade between characteristics, thus recognizing limited resources. (3) Results: 637 patients participated (mean age 33.8 ± 12.6 years; 55.6% female; disease complexity: simple defect 12.6%, moderate complexity 40.3%, complex CHD 40.2%) in the analysis. Patients assigned the highest relative importance to aspects of patient–physician communication, physician qualifications, waiting time, medical care, and medical equipment. Comfort-related aspects such as driving time or hotel aspects of care received much lower scores. We identified four well-defined clusters of patients with differing expectation patterns: (i) time sensitive patients; (ii) excellence seeking patients; (iii) continuity seekers, and (iv) support seeking patients. (4) Conclusions: Adult CHD patients rank effective patient–physician interaction and communication as the most important factors. As we identified significant heterogeneity between CHD patients, centers should cater for individual preferences and integrate individual needs into treatment plans to prevent failure to follow up and ensure patient compliance.
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Horsta, Karīna. "JUST “A FOLLOWER WITH NO VISIBLE CHARACTERISTICS”? EXAMPLES OF ERNESTS ŠTĀLBERGS’ MODERNISM IN THE CONTEXT OF WESTERN ARCHITECTURE." Culture Crossroads 23 (January 10, 2024): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol23.385.
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The view of modernist architecture as a “unified mass” without regional traits or specific developmental trends has sometimes become symptomatic and is threatening to monuments of this style even today. This article aims to introduce the most significant conclusions obtained from the analysis of the architect Ernests Štālbergs’ creative legacy in the context of Western modernist architecture, identifying the means used to localise the style. Formal and stylistically comparative methods were applied for this purpose. Štālbergs’ modernist works reveal three lines of influences – from the German architect Erich Mendelsohn, the French architect Le Corbusier and the Nordic modernism. This does not mean direct appropriations of composition but rather impulses and inspirations. Štālbergs attempted to adapt modernism to local conditions, as he paid attention to the context of surrounding environment and regional traditions. However, he was more interested not in national but in regional identity, thus fitting in a wider cultural space.
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Lassan, Eleonora. "The Mental Scenarios and Internet Genre Etiquette of Different Cultures (Based on Online Greetings in Four Languages)." Respectus Philologicus 22, no. 27 (October 25, 2012): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2012.27.15334.
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This article analyses online greetings in the Russian, Polish, Lithuanian and German languages. The author treats greetings as a speech act which helps the addresser to remind the addressee of his/her good attitude towards him/her on the basis of a particular occasion—the addressee’s birthday. The author analyses this speech act in relation to the specific communicative and mental scenarios of the culture to which the speaker belongs. The entirety of standard speech acts and the combination of intentions of the speakers form a genre. The genre of modern online greetings seems contiguous to folklore genres, because most of the texts do not have authors. Moreover, these texts move from one Internet site to another, resulting in a wide circle of “implementers”—users.The author distinguishes some typical characteristics of online greetings among the four cultures. An emphasis on the figure of the speaker and an incantatory character are typical of Russian greeting texts. Happiness, health and eternal youth are the key objects of these Russian texts. Russian greetings are related to the future. German greetings are mainly related to the birthday celebration itself. Greetings are often related to a review of life: on this occasion the addressee is encouraged to reflect on whether s/he has lived the past year appropriately. The word courage (Mut) is constantly repeated in German greetings, whereas this word is absent from the Russian greetings. The figure of the speaker is marginally expressed in Polish greetings. The sweetness of life is present in Polish greetings, whereas it is observed neither in German nor in Russian texts. May all your dreams come true is a cliché element of Polish greeting texts. Lithuanian greetings distinguish themselves by their melancholic tone.The author relates the detected specific features of online greetings to the ideas of philosophers and historians on the unique means of expressing one’s national character.
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Bolm, Louisa, Sergii Zemskov, Maria Zeller, Taisuke Baba, Jorge Roldan, Jon M. Harrison, Natalie Petruch, et al. "Concepts and Outcomes of Perioperative Therapy in Stage IA-III Pancreatic Cancer—A Cross-Validation of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the German Cancer Registry Group of the Society of German Tumor Centers (GCRG/ADT)." Cancers 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040868.
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(1) Background: The aim of this study is to assess perioperative therapy in stage IA-III pancreatic cancer cross-validating the German Cancer Registry Group of the Society of German Tumor Centers—Network for Care, Quality, and Research in Oncology, Berlin (GCRG/ADT) and the National Cancer Database (NCDB). (2) Methods: Patients with clinical stage IA-III PDAC undergoing surgery alone (OP), neoadjuvant therapy (TX) + surgery (neo + OP), surgery+adjuvantTX (OP + adj) and neoadjuvantTX + surgery + adjuvantTX (neo + OP + adj) were identified. Baseline characteristics, histopathological parameters, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. (3) Results: 1392 patients from the GCRG/ADT and 29,081 patients from the NCDB were included. Patient selection and strategies of perioperative therapy remained consistent across the registries for stage IA-III pancreatic cancer. Combined neo + OP + adj was associated with prolonged OS as compared to neo + OP alone (17.8 m vs. 21.3 m, p = 0.012) across all stages in the GCRG/ADT registry. Similarly, OS with neo + OP + adj was improved as compared to neo + OP in the NCDB registry (26.4 m vs. 35.4 m, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The cross-validation study demonstrated similar concepts and patient selection criteria of perioperative therapy across clinical stages of PDAC. Neoadjuvant therapy combined with adjuvant therapy is associated with improved overall survival as compared to either therapy alone.
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Bobechko, Oksana. "Traditions and Innovations in the Creative and Performing Activities of the Precarpathian Bandura Quartet Gerdan." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 5, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.5.1.2022.258137.
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The purpose of the research is to highlight the formation of the Precarpathian bandura quartet Gerdan and its creative and performing activities. It emphasizes the phenomenon of the female ensemble bandura playing as well as determines the contribution of the quartet to the development and popularization of modern bandura playing. The research methodology comprises the use of general scientific methods of cognition, namely, the chronological, analytical, as well as methods of generalisation and systematisation that gave the opportunity to study the formation and creative-performing activities of the Precarpathian bandura quartet Gerdan in dynamics and time. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time the stages of formation and creative performing activity of the Carpathian bandura quartet Gerdan in the context of the modern ensemble bandura playing development were studied in detail. Conclusions. The article underlines the dominance of female chamber ensembles, especially bandura quartets, in the development of modern ensemble bandura playing. The Precarpathian bandura quartet Gerdan is noted to be one of the prominent modern bandura quartets, which creative and performing activities brightly popularize the bandura art, both in Ukraine and abroad. Presenting the innovative approach and creativity to its own artistic activities, the quartet has become original and unique in the formation of its repertoire. The ensemble impresses with the wide range of performance opportunities in vocal and instrumental aspects. Its highly professional performing art skillfully combines the emotional sphere and the analytical approaches that focused great attention on the characteristics of creative and performing activities of the ensemble in the context of the development of modern music culture, which is characterized by national traditions as well as correspondence to European and world cultural and art standards.
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Radzetskaya, Maria D. "Domestic Art of Viola Performance: H.A. Weickmann and V.R. Bakaleinikov." Observatory of Culture 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2024): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2024-21-1-37-45.
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Domestic viola art is a multifaceted phenomenon, developing along its own individual trajectory, demonstrating outstanding achievements that have had a significant impact on the world’s artistic heritage. This historical path is a testament to the boundless talent of the musicians who participated in the creation of the performing and pedagogical school — a tradition that is carefully preserved today. The musical-historical and source studies perspectives of the research proved to be the most correct for studying the work of H.A. Weickmann and V.R. Bakaleinikov, who made a notable contribution to the formation of the artistic image of the instrument, its formation in the solo and ensemble repertoire of Russian and foreign composers. The most significant here are the original works that are evidence of the authors’ growing interest in the technical and timbre characteristics of the viola and the rethinking of its role in the space of Russian musical art.In the center of attention are personalities, ensembles, performers, and violists’ own compositions that reveal little–known facets of their work, including H.A. Weickmann’s pieces for stringed instruments published in Germany, which demonstrate the violist’s outstanding compositional skills and melodic talent. V.R. Bakaleinikov’s vocal music, which was created for famous pop singers in the early 20th century — N.V. Plevitskaya, M.A. Karinskaya, etc. — may also be of great interest. The article contains rare memoir sources published abroad and a large amount of illustrative material taken from the collections of the Russian State Library. The work of H.A. Weickmann and V.R. Bakaleinikov, for all its diversity, followed the path of forming a national tradition in which the viola took an honorable place as an instrument with great technical and sonic possibilities. This study summarizes the scattered information about the life and work of the famous violists and creates prerequisites for their further study.
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Lanceva, A. M. "Exhibition Сzech and Кoman King Wenceslas IV: «Beautiful Style» of Gothic Art. On the 600th Anniversary of the Death of the Czech King." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-186-193.
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The article is devoted to the historical and cultural aspects of the development of Czech art in the late Middle Ages on the example of an exhibition held from August 16 to November 3 at Prague Castle, which was dedicated to the 600th anniversary of the death of the Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV. The author of the article considers the significance of the Czech culture and sacred art in the context of the political and historical specifics of the development of medieval Bohemia and the features of the reign of Vaclav IV, who wasthe son of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Czech King Charles IV . Wenceslas IV is a complex and controversial figure in Czech history, who stood at the «crossroads» of epochs and cultures, around him various disputes persist in historiography up to our time. This article provides an overview of the nature of the sacred artifacts of culture and art presented at the exhibition «Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV: «beautiful style» of Gothic art», as well as the characteristics of the artistic style , defined in terms of historical and cultural, internal and external political development of the Czech Republic, crosscultural dialogue of the Czech Republic with European countries on the background of the emerging religious controversy in the country. The work takes into account the features of the Late Gothic style in the Central Europe. On the example of the remarkable works of painting, sculpture, fragments of architectural monuments, decorative and applied art and manuscripts, first of all the monumental Wenceslas Bible, many of which were brought to Prague from various European Galleries and Castles of Poland, Germany, France, New York, as well as from private collections, can demonstrate the rise of Czech culture and art in the late XIV-early XV centuries, which was presented the process of cultural accumulation of the European style of the late Gothic, received Czech national artificial identity.
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Шаокай, С. "Cross-cultural analysis of vocal education: comparison of singing teaching methods in different cultures." Management of Education 13, no. 12-1(72) (December 15, 2023): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/r2715-3510-8594-n.
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В настоящее время проблема сравнительного анализа подходов к вокальному образованию в разных культурах является крайне актуальной. Цель данного исследования заключалась в сопоставлении методик обучения пению в России, Италии, Германии и Японии на основе изучения исторических источников и современной научной литературы по вокальному искусству. Проблема изучения национальных особенностей методик обучения вокальному искусству в различных культурах является в высшей степени злободневной с учетом глобальных процессов интеграции и взаимопроникновения цивилизационных традиций. Несомненно, понимание специфики подходов к формированию вокальной техники в конкретных странах позволит глубже осмыслить природу национальных школ пения и разработать более эффективные методы обучения с учётом индивидуальных особенностей учеников. Материалами для исследования послужили научные труды по методике вокального образования Г.B. Страдалли, Ф. Ламперти, Ц. Манцони, Х. Лиссауэра и др., а также учебные программы ведущих консерваторий стран выборки. Было выявлено, что несмотря на определенные отличия в подходах, все рассматриваемые школы базируются на общих принципах формирования вокальной техники: от работы над дыханием и резонансом до совершенствования артистического мастерства. Однако существуют и национальные особенности методик, обусловленные культурными традициями. Currently, the problem of comparative analysis of approaches to vocal education in different cultures is extremely relevant. The purpose of this study was to compare the methods of teaching singing in Russia, Italy, Germany and Japan based on the study of historical sources and modern scientific literature on vocal art. The problem of studying national peculiarities of vocal art teaching methods in various cultures is highly topical, taking into account the global processes of integration and interpenetration of civilizational traditions. Undoubtedly, understanding the specifics of approaches to the formation of vocal technique in specific countries will allow us to better understand the nature of national singing schools and develop more effective teaching methods taking into account the individual characteristics of students. The materials for the study were scientific works on the methodology of vocal education by G.B. Stradalli, F. Lamperti, C. Manzoni, H. Lissauer, etc., as well as curricula of leading conservatories in the sample countries. It was revealed that despite certain differences in approaches, all the schools under consideration are based on the general principles of vocal technique formation: from working on breathing and resonance to improving artistic skills. However, there are also national peculiarities of the methods due to cultural traditions.
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Röhrbein, Hannah, Jennifer Hilger-Kolb, Kathrin Heinrich, Holger Kairies, and Kristina Hoffmann. "An Iterative, Participatory Approach to Developing a Neighborhood-Level Indicator System of Health and Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021456.
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Despite increased awareness of the essential role of neighborhood characteristics for residents’ health and wellbeing, the development of neighborhood-level indicator systems has received relatively little attention to date. To address this gap, we describe the participatory development process of a small-area indicator system that includes information on local health needs in a pilot neighborhood in the German city of Mannheim. To identify relevant indicators, we partnered with representatives of the city’s public health department and used an iterative approach that included multiple Plan-Do-Check-Act cycles with ongoing feedback from local key stakeholders. The described process resulted in a web-based indicator system with a total of 86 indicators. Additionally, 123 indicators were perceived as relevant by stakeholders but could not be included due to data unavailability. Overall, stakeholders evaluated the participatory approach as useful. Even though the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of some data elements hindered instrument development, close collaboration with public health partners facilitated the process. To identify and target sub-national health inequalities, we encourage local public health stakeholders to develop meaningful and useful neighborhood-level indicator systems, building on our experiences from the applied development process and considering identified barriers and facilitators.
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Kruś, Maciej. "Umowa urbanistyczna jako przykład umowy administracyjnej na tle polskiego i europejskiego porządku prawnego." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 3(27) (September 15, 2019): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2019.3.27.5.
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The subject of the article is an attempt to show that concluding an urban contract is a form of public administration activity of an administrative nature, not a civil one. As a result of the contract, an administrative-legal relationship is established. Its characteristic feature is that in order for this relationship to arise it is necessary for the other party to agree. The other party is an investor who is supposed to carry out the project at his own expense. The basis for the conclusion of the contract is not the freedom of contracting, but administrative law specifying the competence of the administration to conclude a contract as well as determining the acceptable content of the contract. The urban contract is therefore an administrative contract. The article also presents the basic features of an administrative contract. In the study, the achievements of Polish and German doctrine were used. The administrative contract is not regulated under Polish law but relevant provisions are contained in the German Act on Administrative Proceedings. In addition, a public law contract has been described as an instrument of action in the implementation of European Union law. In this context, two cases were distinguished, i.e. the conclusion of a contract by national authorities and the conclusion of a contract by the Union institutions. In the latter case, it was necessary to interpret the provisions of the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The characteristics of the administrative contract which make it a good means of establishing an administrative-legal relationship are also presented. Of particular importance is the opportunity of creating the content of the relationship by the entities involved. This enables the formation of individual provisions adapted to a specific case. At the same time, because the consent of both parties is needed to conclude a contract, such an administrative contract protects the interests of both parties to the legal relationship. Public administration’s ability to act in specific situations must be ensured and for that reason the administrative contract will probably develop further.
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Hong, Ming. "National Characteristics and Art Composition Characteristics of Tujia Brocade Art." Journal of Educational Theory and Management 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jetm.v2i1.688.
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As one of China's national minorities, Tujia nationality has exerted an important role in the development course of modern national culture. In the development course of national culture of Tujia nationality, its brocade art inherited generation by generation has been extensively applied in art inheritance in modern society. It has also been applied in practical teaching to manifest the unique style and special artistic expression of Tujia brocade art. Under such a context, it is necessary to strengthen analysis on itsnational characteristics in the art development course and art composition characteristics. For this purpose, this paper makes special analysis on the national characteristics and art composition of Tujia brocade art in the sequence of analysis on the basic components of Tujia brocade art, analysis on its national characteristics and then detailed analysis on its composition characteristics. The author hopes to help people to understand the unique characteristics and results of Tujia brocade art after the analysis in this paper.
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Budiwirman, Budiwirman, Syeilendra Syeilendra, Ary Ramadhan, and Syafei Syafei. "SENI TRADISIONAL DALAM SENI MUSIK MODREN: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 12, no. 1 (June 24, 2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v12i1.27135.
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Traditional arts that have high artistic value must always be preserved from extinction. In order to maintain the popularity of traditional art in Indonesia, it is necessary that artists, teachers, and society understand it deeply. Every fine arts artist, teacher, and community must have a sense of nationalism towards traditional art in order to be able to maintain and become a stronghold of traditional art itself. This study aims to rediscover the values of traditional culture that are spread in several regions in Indonesia with the hope that it can be absorbed into modern art so that the value of traditional art is not completely eroded. This research uses Spradley's qualitative research method or ethnographic qualitative research with the aim of systematically describing deeper cultural characteristics. This research produces a description of the characteristics of traditional culture contained in several traditional arts and crafts spread across Indonesia, each region has cultural characteristics that are different from other regions which are influenced by several diverse factors. The characteristics of each artistic value are maintained and absorbed into modern art for maintained and taught in the world of education so that art saviors are born who are able to transform traditional arts into modern artistic values. As art saviors, artists need awareness of a sense of "nationalism" in each of them which is obtained through an understanding of these traditional arts.Keywords: high art, education, culture, nationalism. AbstrakKesenian tradisional yang memiliki nilai seni tinggi harus selalu dilestarikan dari kepunahan. Untuk mempertahankan popularitas seni tradisional di Indonesia, diperlukan seniman, guru, dan masyarakat yang memahaminya secara mendalam. Setiap seniman seni rupa, guru dan masyarakat harus memiliki rasa nasionalisme terhadap seni tradisional agar mampu menjaga dan menjadi benteng kesenian tradisional itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kembali nilai nilai kebudayaan tradisional yang tersebar di dibeberapa daerah di Indonesia dengan harapan dapat dilakukan penyerapan kedalam seni modern agar nilai dari kesenian tradisional tidak terkikis sepenuhnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif Spradley atau penelitian kualitatif etnografi dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik kultural lebih mendalam secara sistematis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan deskripsi karakteristik kebudayaan tardisional yang terkandung dari beberapa kerajinan seni tradisional yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia, setiap daerah memiliki karakterstik kebudayaan yang berbeda dari daerah lain yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor yang beragam, Karakteristik dari setiap nilai kesenian dipertahankan dan diserap kedalam kesenian modern untuk dipertahankan dan diajarkan dalam dunia Pendidikan agar terlahir penyelamat kesenian yang mampu melakukan transformasi seni tradisional menjadi nilai seni modern. Sebagai penyelamat seni, seniman membutuhkan kesadaran akan rasa “Nasionalisme” pada diri masing-masing yang diperoleh melalu pemahaman akan kesenian tradisional tersebut.Kata Kunci: seni tinggi, pendidikan, budaya, nasionalisme. Authors:Budiwirman : Universitas Negeri PadangSyeilendra : Universitas Negeri PadangAry Ramadhan : Universitas Negeri PadangSyafei : Universitas Negeri Padang References:Yoeti, O. K. 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Hordii, Oksana. "Kommunikative und expressive Formeln des Deutschen in Internettexten: ein diskursorientierter Ansatz." Yearbook of Phraseology 12, no. 1 (November 25, 2021): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2021-0007.
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Abstract This paper deals with the functioning of expressive and communicative formulas of modern German in computer-mediated discourse. The set phrases analysed are pre-formed sentence-value word combinations that serve as a means of expression of various speech intentions and emotions. These linguistic units are known to evade a uniform classification scheme, with boundaries between different groups being indistinct. The set phrases considered in this work are viewed as a functional-semantic field which includes communicative and expressive formulas and some mixed types. By discussing their cultural specificity – provided by units containing symbolic components, as well as by entities in various areas of national life, and fixed phrases of obscure literary origin – I attempt to explore their intertextual potential for further contribution to studies in intercultural communication. Expressivity, intertextuality, multimedia impact and interactivity have been defined as constitutive characteristics of computer-mediated discourse. The units discussed keep the tone of asynchronous online communication humorous and help to establish communicative closeness. In online media, the language game comes to the fore: a common phenomenon is semantic transformation often performed as simultaneous actualisation (ambiguity) of literal and idiomatic meaning, causing additional communicative effects. In combination with the informative part of a headline, these units act as emotional and evaluative indicators of media texts. Due to its technological features, internet communication allows easy combination of visual and verbal channels of information, and so there is frequent play between language images and digital images, especially in photo and video hosting services. My analysis of different online genres has shown that in internet communication, the core of the functional-semantic field (i.e. the most frequently used units) acquires added discursive value. The universal nature of their creative use, appeal, entertainment and community-building functions was also ascertained.
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Lee, Boo-Ha. "Consideration on self-regulation and legal system composition in the broadcasting and communication areas." LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.34267/cbstl.2023.14.2.193.
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Self-regulation can be defined as “an organized business group self-regulating the actions of its members to protect users.” If there is a need to respect the autonomous discipline of the business organization itself in a specific field, it would be good to introduce a self-regulation system. In newly emerging areas, areas that are rapidly changing or areas that require specialized or policy considerations, would be appropriate for business organizations in those areas to self-regulate because existing legal regulations do not reflect reality or cannot properly reflect reality. Even if a self-regulation system is introduced, the degree of legal intervention in the self-regulation system of business organizations may vary depending on the characteristics of the industry. If the scope of the area is diverse or subject to frequent change, the scope of self-regulation may be narrowed due to strong legal intervention, and in areas dealing with detailed, technical, and specialized matters, the private sector should be able to demonstrate efficiency and expertise. It is desirable to reduce the degree of legal intervention through self-regulation. In relation to freedom of speech, due to the constitutional order to guarantee the public’s freedom of expression as much as possible, state regulation should be minimized, and self-regulation by business organizations to replace it is judged to be effective. In addition, due to the emergence of new technologies and technological advancement in the field of broadcasting and communications, regulation by the existing positive system for industries in this field makes efficient industrial development difficult. However, as the provision of information through social media, Internet news, OTT services etc., the side effects caused by digital media exceeded a certain level and reached a level of social conflict and infringement of other people’s rights, countries around the world have started to regulate illegal information through national legal regulations. Self-regulation was judged to be insufficient to prevent the creation and distribution of false information, hate speech, etc. In order for a self-regulatory system to operate properly, it is important to secure the democratic legitimacy of self-regulatory organizations, operational transparency, independence, and enforcement of regulations. The German self-regulatory organization for multimedia service providers is the German Self-Regulation Organization for Multimedia Service Providers(FSM). The German Youth and Media Protection Committee approved FSM, a self-regulatory organizationy, to protect youth from media content. The United States is a country that operates a representative private self-regulation system. However, direct administrative regulations have recently become more prominent in the broadcasting and communications fields due to issues such as unfair trade or monopoly. The UK's self-regulatory organization is the Internet Watch Foundation(IWF). IWF carries out tasks such as deleting posts related to child sexual abuse, blocking access, and preventing search/access, and is operating a hotline as the most basic activity to make this possible. The Australian Communications and Media Authority(ACMA) is the broadcasting and communications regulator. ACMA is a government-affiliated organization and is a co-regulation model between the government and the private sector that supports and cooperates in the establishment of industry codes. The self-regulation system stipulated in Korea’s Information and Communications Network Act is actually close to administrative regulation. It is appropriate for information and communication service provider organizations to determine and implement a code of conduct for information and communication service providers, rather than a matter to be stipulated in the Information and Communications Network Act,
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Arutynyan, A. A. "German history of art of 19th century and problems of Armenian Medieval heritage." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (31) (June 2017): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2017-2-147-150.
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The science of art in Germany is based on the classical tradition, associated with a focus on ancient heritage, and a romantic perception of Gothic as a manifestation of the national school. In the mid-nineteenth century the first General history of art appeared, which, along with the national art and culture examined regional schools. Armenian medieval art is systematized and concisely described in the work of Kugler, in Schnaase’s book analysis becomes more comprehensive, detailed and consistent.
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Ebeling, Jörg. "The library of the Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte." Art Libraries Journal 30, no. 4 (2005): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200014206.
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The Centre allemande d’histoire de l’art/Deutsches Forum für Kunstgeschichte in Paris (DFK), founded in 1997, is a research institute dedicated to German research on French art and culture. Located in the historic centre of Paris on the place des Victoires, near to the Louvre and the recently founded French Institut national d’histoire de l’art (INHA), its further task is to promote interest among French scholars in research on German art and cultural history. To support its major fields of activity, the DFK is creating a library devoted to German art and cultural history, which now comprises some 60,000 items.
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Barak, Noa Avron. "The National, the Diasporic, and the Canonical: The Place of Diasporic Imagery in the Canon of Israeli National Art." Arts 9, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9020042.
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This article explores Jerusalem-based art practice from the 1930s to the 1960s, focusing particularly on the German immigrant artists that dominated this field in that period. I describe the distinct aesthetics of this art and explain its role in the Zionist nation-building project. Although Jerusalem’s art scene participated significantly in creating a Jewish–Israeli national identity, it has been accorded little or no place in the canon of national art. Adopting a historiographic approach, I focus on the artist Mordecai Ardon and the activities of the New Bezalel School and the Jerusalem Artists Society. Examining texts and artworks associated with these institutions through the prism of migratory aesthetics, I claim that the art made by Jerusalem’s artists was rooted in their diasporic identities as East or Central European Jews, some German-born, others having settled in Germany as children or young adults. These diasporic identities were formed through their everyday lives as members of a Jewish diaspora in a host country—whether that be the Russian Empire, Poland, or Germany. Under their arrival in Palestine, however, the diasporic Jewish identities of these immigrants (many of whom were not initially Zionists) clashed with the Zionist–Jewish identity that was hegemonic in the nascent field of Israeli art. Ultimately, this friction would exclude the immigrants’ art from being inducted into the national art canon. This is misrepresentative, for, in reality, these artists greatly influenced the Zionist nation-building project. Despite participating in a number of key Zionist endeavours—whether that of establishing practical professions or cementing the young nation’s collective consciousness through graphic propaganda—they were marginalized in the artistic field. This exclusion, I claim, is rooted in the dynamics of canon formation in modern Western art, the canon of Israeli national art being one instance of these wider trends. Diasporic imagery could not be admitted into the Israeli canon because that canon was intrinsically connected with modern nationalism.
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Russell, Mark A. "Picturing the Imperator: Passenger Shipping as Art and National Symbol in the German Empire." Central European History 44, no. 2 (May 23, 2011): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938911000021.
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The morning of May 23, 1912, witnessed the christening of a new German icon. For many Germans, it was a wonder of the modern age, a powerful symbol of the nation's achievements in industry, engineering, and technology. For others, it was the embodiment of all the evils wrought by political, social, and cultural transformation. Some said it expressed the character of the German people, in a manner similar to Cologne Cathedral and Sanssouci, the palace of Frederick the Great. But there were those who thought it “appeared as a typical manifestation of the new Germany, with its huckstering and obtrusive manners, more a snobbism than a symbol of German competence.” The Kaiser was fascinated by this expression of the ambition, ingenuity, and might of an Empire in which he believed power rested with himself, the Prussian nobility, and a powerful military complex. And yet Hamburg's mayor, Johann Heinrich Burchard, echoed the feelings of many when he described this new wonder as “above all … the product of a flourishing, self-conscious German middle class.” Although extolled as a symbol of German unity, Social Democrats denounced the modern leviathan as an expression of class inequality and lamented that ten men were killed and one hundred injured while constructing it. With this in mind, how could Germany be proud of what it had achieved?
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Holden, Gerard. "The state of the art in German IR." Review of International Studies 30, no. 3 (July 2004): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210504006163.
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Gunther Hellmann, Klaus Dieter Wolf, and Michael Zürn (eds.), Die neuen Internationalen Beziehungen. Forschungsstand und Perspektiven in Deutschland (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003), pp. 614.The intensification in recent years of interest in the history and sociology of IR (as a discipline) has been manifested in a growing number of publications dealing with aspects of different IR communities. The appearance of a weighty and semi-official volume summarising the state of the art in German IR is therefore a noteworthy development, and one that merits attention beyond the German-speaking world where it will find its main audience. I refer to this volume as ‘semi-official’ because it has been published under the auspices of the Section for International Politics of the German Political Science Association (Deutsche Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft, DVPW). The book does not attempt to speak for IR scholars in Austria or Switzerland and so represents a national rather than a linguistic community, though not all the contributors teach at universities in Germany.
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Hansen, Niels Chr, Makiko Sadakata, and Marcus Pearce. "Nonlinear Changes in the Rhythm of European Art Music." Music Perception 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 414–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2016.33.4.414.
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Research has used the normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) to examine relationships between musical rhythm and durational contrast in composers’ native languages. Applying this methodology, linearly increasing nPVI in Austro-German, but not Italian music has recently been ascribed to waning Italian and increasing German influence on Austro-German music after the Baroque Era. The inapplicability of controlled experimental methods to historical data necessitates further replication with more sensitive methods and new repertoire. Using novel polynomial modelling procedures, we demonstrate an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in nPVI in music by 34 French composers. Moreover, previous findings for 21 Austro-German (linear increase) and 15 Italian composers (no change) are replicated. Our results provide promissory quantitative support for accounts from historical musicology of an Italian-dominated Baroque (1600-1750), a Classical Era (1750-1820) with Austro-German centres of gravity (e.g., Mannheim, Vienna), and a Romantic Era (1820-1900) with greater national independence. Future studies should aim to replicate these findings with larger corpora with greater historical representability.
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Hahn, Erik. "Right to Copy of Medical Records Free of Charge According to Article 15 (3) Sentence 1 of the GDPR vs. Mandatory Reimbursement of Costs by Patient under National Law." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 23 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.039-050.
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The article covers the topic of compatibility of national regulations, which contain an obligation for the patient to reimburse costs for copies from the medical record, with the regulations of the GDPR. The discussion is based on the example of the German regulation in Section 630g (2) of the German Civil Code (BGB) since the German Federal Court of Justice (2022) recently submitted the question of the compatibility of this provision with the GDPR to the ECJ (European Court of Justice) for a preliminary ruling. The study also focuses on Austria, where the Supreme Court of Justice already in 2020 had assumed that the comparable provision in Art. 17a (2) lit. g of the Vienna Hospital Act 1987 could be a permissible restriction within the meaning of Art. 23 (1) lit. e of the GDPR. The article concludes that the request for a copy of the medical record is not “excessive” within the meaning of Art. 12 (5) sentence 2 of the GDPR, although the request did not serve data protection purposes but served to assert claims for damages against the physician. Furthermore, the article assumes that a national provision that requires the patient to bear the costs in any case is not a “necessary and proportionate measure” within the meaning of Art. 23 (1) of the GDPR. However, a restriction of the physician’s obligation to provide copies free of charge based on the wording of Art. 15 (3) sentence 1 of the GDPR might be possible. Keywords: right to copies free of charge, necessary and proportionate national measures, patient’s personal data, medical record, European Court of Justice, German Federal Court of Justice, Austrian Supreme Court of Justice, health law
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Zhirenov, S., А. Smanova, and Zh Nebesaeva. "LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL VALUES IN ART." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.15.
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The article considers the coding of the system of national values in Kazakh art and their linguistic expression in the linguocultural aspect. There is a linguistic representation of the place of art in the national culture, the activity of cultural values in the worldview of the ethnos. If the indicator of the culture of an ethnos is cultural values, then the value of cultural values is determined by language. Art is an indicator of cultural and social life, endowed with the ancient cultural and spiritual value of the national existence of the ethnos. Considering that different forms of art and their compositions are marked and distinguished by language, the article analyzes in detail the question of the relationship of art to language, language to art. The existence of such categories as the history of a nation and the ethics of words, culture and art of an ethnos, aesthetic cognition and taste, folk wisdom and spiritual food is considered in the existence of a language. The role of language in expressing the essence of art is described in detail.
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Wurmnest, Wolfgang. "A New Era for Private Antitrust Litigation in Germany? A Critical Appraisal of the Modernized Law against Restraints of Competition." German Law Journal 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014218.
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On July 1st, 2005, the 7th Amendment to the Law against Restraints of Competition (Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen – GWB) became effective. The modernization of the GWB was indispensable in bringing German law in line with Regulation (EC) No. 1/2003. Regulation 1/2003 decentralized the enforcement of EC competition rules and aimed to pave the way for effective private antitrust litigation in Europe. Thus far, private parties have invoked Art. 81 and 82 EC Treaty primarily as shield by arguing that certain agreements were void. Only in very few instances were those rules used as sword to sue infringers for injunctive relief or damages. To stimulate private enforcement, Regulation 1/2003 inter alia abolished the European Commission's exclusive power to exempt practices which are prohibited pursuant to Art. 81 (1) EC Treaty and entitled national competition authorities and courts to apply Art. 81 (3) EC Treaty. Moreover, it empowered the European Commission to make written submissions in antitrust cases pending before national courts. In line with the new European approach, the German legislature has overhauled the hitherto existing rules of German competition law considerably. This article will briefly describe the general changes brought by the reform and take a closer look at the amended rules relating to private antitrust litigation before German courts.
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Kaminskaya, Tatyana. "Media discourse of national identity: Russia and Germany." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6481.
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The media discourse of both Russia and European countries today seems to be a representative and relevant object for the study of national identity. The discourse of national identity in the media is presented as media texts directly related to the topic, and included in it through the comments of the recipients. The leading sub-discourses or thematic dominants in this case are major sports competitions, international competitions and commemorative practices of the past. The vast majority of assessments of national characteristics in the comments of the recipients of journalistic publications are negative, due to the criticality and self-criticism of commentators.
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Kalinina, Marina G., and Sofya V. Kudryashova. "Specific Characteristics of English Borrowingsin German and Spanish." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philology. Journalism 20, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2020-20-4-398-403.
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The article studies the process of borrowing, adaptation and functioning of English vocabulary in national dialects of German and Spanish. The positive and negative factors of the English borrowings influencing these languages are examined.
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Kossowska, Irena. "Politicized Aesthetics: German Art in Warsaw of 1938." Art History & Criticism 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mik-2017-0003.
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Summary This paper focuses attention on the reception of the exhibition “Deutsche Bildhauer der Gegenwart”, which was inaugurated on April 23rd, 1938 at the Institute of Art Propaganda in Warsaw – an institution whose exhibition hall was considered a venue of crucial importance to the cultural policy of the Polish state. The presentation was organized in the framework of a cultural exchange between Poland and Germany which was initiated by an exhibition of Polish contemporary art mounted in 1935 at the Preußischen Akademie der Künste in Berlin. I will present the response of the Warsaw public to the presentation of contemporary German sculpture within the context of traditionalist ideology which was promulgated in Poland as much as across Europe in the decades between the two world wars. Drawing on traditionalism, which heralded a prevalence of national cultural values strongly anchored in the past, I will question the relevance of its rhetoric to the artistic phenomena evolving under political pressure. It seems intriguing to juxtapose the accounts provided by Polish and German authorities from the art world in an attempt to grasp the semantic content of such categories as “the genius of the race”, as reflected in the 1930s’ critical discourse. Moreover, in order to reflect upon the concept of propaganda art – another key notion of the time – it is worth considering the response of Polish commentators to official exhibitions of other nation-states held in Warsaw in the 1930s.
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Zechner, Ingeborg. "Springing from the Land of Music: Hollywood's Film Music Between "Austrian" Entertainment and "German" Arts." Journal of Austrian Studies 56, no. 4 (December 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914871.
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Abstract: The article investigates how national artistic ideologies of German-ness and Austrian-ness were incorporated in Hollywood film music of the 1930s and 1940s and in the general discourse in the American press. It argues that these stereotypes were indeed important in Hollywood's marketing strategies toward the middlebrow, which emerged as a wealthy branch in America's society at the time. Among these strategies was the promotion of film music as a 'serious' art form that was historiographically grounded in a 'German' art music tradition, in contrast to 'Austrian' light musical entertainment.
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Kiyko, Yurii, and Valentyna Struk. "MODERN GERMAN SONGS: GRAMMATICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 835-836 (2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2022.835-836.76-83.
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The article is devoted to establishing grammatical and semantic features of modern German-language songs. The study was based on the contemporary German-language songs produced within the last five years. A modern German-language song, as a dominant genre in a popular music culture, is considered not only an art form, but also an indicator of the current state of language and society. The German language songs of 2017-2021 have the following characteristics: reduction of word forms in verbs and articles, omission of one of the main parts of the sentence, frequent use of interrogative sentences, as well as imperative and conditional grammatical ways of the verb. These features are due to both the influence of the colloquial version of the modern German language, and the rhythmic and melodic properties of this genre. The present and past tense forms of the verb are used in the modern German language songs. Among the 14 types of complex sentences, 11 were recorded, of which the most common was object clause. Verbs and nouns dominated in the partial linguistic aspects. Exclamations and appeals were used in most lyrics for greater emotionality. In the lexical and semantic aspect, the modern German language songs can be characterized by the presence of borrowings from the English language, abbreviations, names of places, onyms of the world famous clothing brands, cars, beverages and social networks. The semantic aspect is dominated by the themes of "life" and "love".
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Spindler, Gerald, Wulf Hambach, and Bernd Berberich. "The Carmen Media Case – The Expected Catalyst from Brussels for a New Approach to German Gambling Law?" European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 1 (March 2011): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x0000074x.
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Billions of Euros of turnover are generated every year from games of chance. The legal framework conditions regulating this branch of the economy vary significantly within the European Union. Whilst in many countries such as Germany the state has a dominating monopoly position, other Member States, such as Denmark, France and Italy, have made moves towards a consistent partial liberalisation. These different framework conditions lead to problems, increasingly so as the European internal market is otherwise growing closer together. This is especially evident in the area of online gambling which, due to the structure of this medium, is not restricted by national boundaries, but must nevertheless not constitute a legal no man's land.Against this background, it appears logical for the European Court of Justice (ECJ), on the occasion of the submission of cases by Member State courts pursuant to Art. 267 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (previously Art. 234 EC), to repeatedly have called for the examination of national gambling regulations with regard to their compliance with Union law, as the ECJ's standing jurisdiction acknowledges that a (national) state monopoly for cross-border issues represents a violation of the freedom of establishment as set out in Art. 56 TFEU (previously Art. 49 EC) or the freedom of establishment as set out in Art. 49 TFEU (previously Art. 43 EC) respectively. Such restrictions of gambling activities may, however, be justified by matters of overriding general interest.
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Frankiv, Roman, and Khrystyna Boyko. "Idyllic story in the creation of modern nations narratives, on the example of German, Jewish and Ukrainian painting." National Academy of Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts Herald, no. 2 (September 17, 2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-3209.2.2021.239998.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the features of idyllic artistic plots related to German, Jewish and Ukrainian national narrative. Try to evaluate their motivating mechanism. The methodology is the use of ideological and plot analysis, methods of comparison and generalization. The scientific novelty is to expand the understanding of the plot content of some works of German, Jewish and Ukrainian art, in the context of their nation - creative motivation. Conclusions. The period of creation of modern nations became a great challenge for art. An important motivating role belongs to the creation of the image of the "ideal being", the mandate to which the new community promised. Thus, the nation-creative plot is, in one way or another, connected with sacralization sentiments. German painting in the Romantic era operated with paintings of idyll, which, however, contains memories of the Middle Ages as an era of even greater perfection. Thus arose the motivating potential of "return" to the epic of the past. Jewish art culture is characterized by a tradition of associating the ideal being with the holy city of Jerusalem, a "return" to which also has motivating potential. In Ukrainian art, there are also plots of natural idyll, but the situation of "ideal existence" is connected with the inner state of man - the warrior "Cossack Mamaу", who gains personal freedom for creativity. As a result of the study, it was found that idyllic plots associated with the creation of modern national narratives in German, Jewish and Ukrainian painting have a number of common and distinctive features. Common features include the presence of sacred content and solidarity of the surrounding community. Distinctive features are different vector of orientation of the motivating plot. In art related to the German narrative of ideal nation existence, vector can be described as epoch-centric, with the Jewish narrative as city-centric, and with Ukrainian as anthropocentric.
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POLSKA, Iryna. "AUSTRIAN AND GERMAN MUSICAL ART OF THE ROMANTIC ERA: NATIONAL AND CHRONOTOPIC FEATURES." Humanities science current issues 3, no. 72 (2024): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/72-3-9.
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WINTER, EMMA L. "GERMAN FRESCO PAINTING AND THE NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT AT WESTMINSTER, 1834–1851." Historical Journal 47, no. 2 (May 24, 2004): 291–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0400367x.
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In 1841, a select committee proposed that the houses of parliament at Westminster, which were being rebuilt in the aftermath of the fire of 1834, be decorated with fresco paintings and that Ludwig I of Bavaria's patronage of the arts be used for guidance. Both recommendations were surprising, for Britain had neither any tradition of public painting, nor any obvious ties with the south German state. This article explains why the committee was so sensible to Ludwig's example, and what it hoped to achieve by introducing fresco painting into Britain. The scheme was to serve not only as the means of establishing a national school of painting that could compete with the modern German school, but also as an integral part of a broader endeavour to construct a national culture in Britain that was both patriotic and socially inclusive. The national potential of this state-sponsored scheme of art promotion came to be undermined, however, by the emergence of both political and religious hostility to such German-style patronage in Britain. The article highlights not only the crucial role played by German art in the endeavour to construct a national culture in Britain, but also the continuing potency of religion as an element of British national identity during the first decade of Victoria's reign. It also draws attention to the fundamental role played by Prince Albert in his capacity as president of the fine arts commission, and the extent to which the debate surrounding the commission's proceedings provided the essential context for both the emergence and reception of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood in 1848–50.
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Fulk, Kirkland A. "Sounds German?: Popular Music in Postwar Germany at the Crossroads of the National and Transnational." German Politics and Society 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2017.350201.
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A musical undercurrent has long permeated German culture and intellectual life. For more than a century, theories and practices of folk, art, and classical music—variously understood both in their mutual interrelation and as entirely distinct—have anchored definitions of German national identity and the German cultural heritage. More recently, musical styles such as jazz, rock and roll, and hip-hop have also played a key role in the emergence of new social movements and alternative sensibilities in Germany. Indeed, since the end of World War II, popular music practices in Germany have been alternatively decried as drivers of Americanization and hailed as catalysts of technological development that prompt new ways of producing and consuming music to emerge.
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Hughes, Lesley. "“A German Artwork for the German People”." Journal of Musicology 40, no. 2 (2023): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2023.40.2.131.
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The opera Mathis der Maler (1935), based on the sixteenth-century German painter Matthias Grünewald, is Paul Hindemith’s most iconic work. Because of its artist protagonist, scholarship on Mathis has traditionally focused on how Hindemith may have used the figure of Grünewald to express his views on aesthetics, the position of the artist in society, and/or his position under the Nazi regime. Little attention has been paid, however, to the cultural significance of Grünewald as a factor behind Hindemith’s choice of topic. This article examines the reception history of Grünewald from his rediscovery in the late nineteenth century through the interwar period in Germany. Drawing on contemporary periodicals and the scholarly literature, I show how the artist became a symbol of German Kultur in the nationalist context of the Franco-Prussian War and the First World War. This symbolic status arguably attracted Hindemith to Grünewald as an operatic subject at the beginning of the Third Reich. Not only did the topic align with National Socialist rhetoric about promoting German art, it also allowed Hindemith to draw parallels between himself and Grünewald, portraying himself and his work as inherently German. Given Hindemith’s determination to avoid controversy in the first tumultuous months of the Nazi regime, I conclude that Mathis represented an accommodation to the rapidly shifting social and political environment.
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EDLICHKO, A. I. "GERMAN IN LUXEMBOURG: LEXICOGRAPHIC CODIFICATION OF NATIONAL STANDARD." Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, no. 2_2023 (September 23, 2023): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu-2074-1588-19-2023-2-01-08.
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The article is an analytical review of some problems of dictionary codification of Luxembourg German Standard. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Luxembourg variety of German Standard, which differs in a number of distinctive features from other national varieties of the German language, is still poorly studied. Some aspects of the study of the German language in Luxembourg, the criteria of the standard in general and the features of the Luxembourg standard of the German language in particular are briefly described. The main part of the study is the analysis of current lexicographic sources that codify the specific features of the pronunciation, grammar, lexical and semantic norms of the Luxembourg Standard. The results of the analysis of lexicographic sources, which are descriptive codifiers of the German Standard in Luxembourg, are presented: a pronunciation dictionary of the Standard High German language, the project “Regional Variation in the Grammar of Standard German”, dictionaries of varieties of the German language. The structure and content of the dictionary of the Luxembourg standard for the German language [Sieburg, 2022] are considered in detail. This includes general information about the mega-, macro- and microstructure of the dictionary, the subject and variable characteristics of the codified vocabulary, the features of the structure and content of dictionary entries. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the development of the normalizing activity of the Luxembourg German Standard and about the recognizing of this standard, which has specific features at different levels of the language system.
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Hahn, Hans. "Ossis, Wessis and Germans an inner‐German perception of national characteristics." Journal of Area Studies 1, no. 2 (January 1993): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02613539308455674.
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Giustino, Cathleen M. "Rodin in Prague: Modern Art, Cultural Diplomacy, and National Display." Slavic Review 69, no. 3 (2010): 591–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003767790001216x.
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Fin-de-siècle Prague, a provincial capital city in the Habsburg empire, was a site of Czech-German nationality conflict. In 1902 it was also home to the largest exhibition of Auguste Rodin's art outside France during his life. Due to the nationalism that enveloped Czech culture and politics, the Rodin spectacle was no mere display of modernism. National activists in the Manes Association of Visual Artists, including Stanislav Sucharda and Jan Kotera, designed the Rodin exhibition to advance Czech cultural maturity through cosmopolitan art and to convince foreigners of the Czech nation's singularity, unity, and progressiveness. Ultimately, though, the events surrounding the exhibition of Rodin's works in Prague projected Czech disagreement over the meanings of folk heritage and western progress for national identity. Still, the blending of modern display and cultural diplomacy strengthened French-Czech relations and in small but significant ways helped secure Czechoslovakia's creation at the end of World War I.