Academic literature on the topic 'National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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REEVES, WILL K., and JANET W. REID. "New records and a checklist of continental free-living Copepoda (Crustacea) from Panama." Zootaxa 62, no. 1 (August 8, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.62.1.1.
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We report new national records of Thermocyclops decipiens and Mesocyclops pseudomeridianus and two apparently undescribed species of Diacyclops and Halicyclops from Panama. We provide a complete bibliography of all literature on Panamanian copepods, and a table of historic copepod collection sites is presented.
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Watson, Sonja Stephenson. "Poetic Negrism and the National Sentiment of Anti-West Indianism and Anti-Imperialism in Panamanian Literature." Callaloo 35, no. 2 (2012): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2012.0067.
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Tchadnova, Irene V. "Operation of National Literature Libraries." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 4 (August 21, 2013): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2013-0-4-54-63.
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There are presented the results of the analysis of condition and use of the collections of literature in the languages of nations of the Russian Federation in public libraries for the years 2006-2010. There are given specific characteristics of the notions: “National Book Publishing” and “National Literature”. There is grounded the need for libraries to consider the specificity of settlement of various ethnic diasporas. The article presents the results of sociological research conducted by libraries for the recent time in order to identify the needs of these diasporas.
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이현복. "Zhang Bing-Lin's Buddism, Study of National Characteristics and LIterature." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 39 (December 2008): 505–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26586/chls.2008..39.020.
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Glushko, O. Z. "Essential characteristics of national values in philosophical and psychological and pedagogical literature." Science and Education a New Dimension VI(170), no. 70 (June 29, 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-pp2018-170vi70-04.
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Cohen-Rengifo, Mishal, Sandra Bessudo, and German Soler. "Echinoderms, Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary, Colombian Pacific: new reports and distributional issues." Check List 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/5.3.702.
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A systematic list of echinoderms from Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (MFFS) was prepared, based on local sampling, literature review and identification of specimens from Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia (MHNMC) and from National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. (USNM). Standard methodology for monitoring the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape was used in December 2006 and March 2007 to sample shallow water echinoderms (1-20 m deep). Malpelo is the richest locality of the Colombian Pacific with 84 species reported (56 % of them deep water organisms), belonging to 22 orders, 42 families and 68 genera, distributed between the surface and a depth of 5000 m. Thirty-six new records for MFFS and Colombian Pacific are reported. In Colombia the shallow water species are widely distributed in the Pacific, while deep forms only occur at Malpelo. The majority of species are mostly related to the Panamanian and Galapagos region showing a possible connectivity. This list increases knowledge on the echinoderm biodiversity from the Malpelo Island in 68 %.
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Leperlier, Tristan. "Inter / national / ization." Journal of World Literature 5, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00504010.
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Abstract Using the case of Algeria, this article shows that the national and the international—also nationalization and internationalization—in peripheral literary fields do not happen in opposition to each other but are two sides of the same coin. I argue that we should think of this as a transnational literary field. Even though they compete with one another, writers within these fields are always connected. Furthermore, the characteristics of the two poles, in terms of their relative autonomy from political and economic constraints, are not as systematically opposed to one another as Pascale Casanova suggests. Nationalization and internationalization are also frequently intertwined: the material internationalization of texts and writers can reinforce the symbolic nationalization of a literature (e.g. its identification in the international world as “Algerian literature”). Recognizing this also calls into question assertions by scholars such as Homi Bhabha who assert that internationalization of literature goes hand in hand with its hybridization.
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Biswas, Sinjini, Jeffrey Lefkovits, Danny Liew, Chris P. Gale, Christopher M. Reid, and Dion Stub. "Characteristics of national and major regional percutaneous coronary intervention registries: a structured literature review." EuroIntervention 14, no. 10 (November 2018): 1112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eij-d-18-00434.
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Caminada Rossetti, Lucía. "Argentine Literature as Part of the Latin-American: Debates, Characteristics and Dialogues." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.8.
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The article will suggest that the texts and ways of reaching some materials and perspectives in Argentina, remains at a national level. It is important to notice that in order to read criticism and theory regarding Latin American literature, Spanish from Río de la Plata separates at some point the fields. In that regard, one of the greatest assets and achievements of Argentinian literary research concerns the relationship between politics and fiction. In connection with this it might be asked how we can think of Argentinian literature without linking it to the social discourse? How can we think of the comparative field of Latin-American and Argentinian literature as one academic area of studies? In our view, comparatism seems to be one of the loneliest areas of studies in terms of the fields of theory, fiction and criticism. We thus suggest that in Argentina, literary research and criticism in general are strictly concerned with only one option: the national culture. Thus, exclusively, western theoretical frames are chosen to read literature and comparative perspectives are mostly applied to European studies. That is why I insist on the fact that comparative literary research is not represented institutionally at all.
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Caminada Rossetti, Lucía. "Argentine Literature as Part of the Latin-American: Debates, Characteristics and Dialogues." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.8.
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The article will suggest that the texts and ways of reaching some materials and perspectives in Argentina, remains at a national level. It is important to notice that in order to read criticism and theory regarding Latin American literature, Spanish from Río de la Plata separates at some point the fields. In that regard, one of the greatest assets and achievements of Argentinian literary research concerns the relationship between politics and fiction. In connection with this it might be asked how we can think of Argentinian literature without linking it to the social discourse? How can we think of the comparative field of Latin-American and Argentinian literature as one academic area of studies? In our view, comparatism seems to be one of the loneliest areas of studies in terms of the fields of theory, fiction and criticism. We thus suggest that in Argentina, literary research and criticism in general are strictly concerned with only one option: the national culture. Thus, exclusively, western theoretical frames are chosen to read literature and comparative perspectives are mostly applied to European studies. That is why I insist on the fact that comparative literary research is not represented institutionally at all.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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Hedler, Elizabeth. "Stories of Canada : national identity in late-nineteenth-century English-Canadian fiction /." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HedlerE2003.pdf.
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Wirshing, Irene. "National trauma in postdictatorship Latin American literature Chile and Argentina /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Baker, Cynthia Denise. "Image and self-image : the literary search for Brazilian national identity /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008272.
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Oscherwitz, Dayna Lynne. "Representing the nation cinema, literature and the struggle for national identity in contemporary France /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034944.
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Morelli, Peter Daniel Joseph. "John Clare, community and the ideal nation, 1793-1864." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708390.
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Allen, Lea Knudsen. "Cosmopolite subjectivities and the Mediterranean in early modern England." View abstract/electronic edition; access limited to Brown University users, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3318286.
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Shibata, Miura Yuko. "Creating Japaneseness : formation of cultural identify /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22199196.
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Harvey, Alison Dean. "Irish realism women, the novel, and national politics,1870-1922 /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417800181&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hart, Krystal. "Scotland Expecting: Gender and National Identity in Alan Warner's Scotland." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5459/.
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This dissertation examines the constructions of gender and national identity in four of Alan Warner's novels: Morvern Callar, These Demented Lands, The Sopranos, and The Man Who Walks. I argue that Warner uses gender identity as the basis for the examination of a Scottish national identity. He uses the metaphor of the body to represent Scotland in devolution. His pregnant females are representative of "Scotland Expecting," a notion that suggests Scotland is expecting independence from England. I argue that this expectation also involves the search for a genuine Scottish identity that is not marred by the effects of colonization. Warner's male characters are emasculated and represent Scotland's mythological past. The Man Who Walks suggests that his female characters' pregnancies result in stillbirths. These stillbirths represent Scotland's inability to let go of the past in order to move towards a future independent nation.
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Rice-Mills, Faith A. Blackwell Frieda Hilda. "The existential search for national, individual and spiritual identity in selected works of Miguel de Unamuno." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5171.
Full textBooks on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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Esperanza o realidad: Fronteras de la identidad panameña. Panamá: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, 2004.
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A, Carlos E. Fong. Para narrar la identidad: Estudios sobre la literatura panamena y una propuesta para el desarrollo cultural. Panama: 9 Signos Grupo Editorial, 2006.
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Para narrar la identidad: Estudios sobre la literatura panamena y una propuesta para el desarrollo cultural. Panama: 9 Signos Grupo Editorial, 2006.
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Del ser panameño, de literatura e identidad y de la realidad nacional: Nueve ensayos breves y un prólogo. Panamá: Litho Editorial Chen, 2008.
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La literatura panameña: Historia, nación y sociedad (amor, cultura y conflictos en la segunda mitad del siglo XX). Panamá: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, 2006.
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Razón y sentido de lo panameño: Ensayo. Panamá: Editorial Universitaria Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, EUPAN, 2004.
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Porras, Ana Elena. Cultura de la interoceanidad: Narrativas de la identidad nacional de Panamá (1990-2002). Panamá: Editorial Universitaria "Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro", 2005.
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Nat︠s︡ionalʹnye obrazy mira v sovremennoĭ literature Kazakhstana. Almaty: Qazaq universitetī, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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Katsikas, Dimitris, and Pery Bazoti. "Managing the Crisis in Greece: The Missing Link between External Conditionality and Domestic Political Economy." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_8.
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AbstractThe handling of the Greek crisis was not successful. Despite the sacrifices that the Greek people had to endure, the country’s structural problems both in the public sector and the economy have not been resolutely resolved. This chapter offers an explanation for this failure. The main idea is to connect the externally imposed policy conditionality, with the particular characteristics of Greece’s domestic political economy, seeking to integrate an analysis of impediments and opportunities for structural reform. While the literature on external institutional constraints emphasizes the possibility for achieving convergence, the institutionalist literature points towards divergence among national political economies, as institutional change and policy performance are conditioned by crucial intervening variables, namely, aspects of the domestic institutional infrastructure. In this context, Greece is a paradigmatic case of long-delayed or stalled reforms despite external pressures that promoted them. While most attention has been paid to the weaknesses of the EMU, this analysis’ emphasis is on the role of crucial domestic factors. The analysis takes place in three steps: (a) the outline of Greece’s institutional profile and growth trajectory based on an analysis of formal and informal domestic institutions; (b) the description and analysis of the design, implementation and impact of the adjustment programs; and (c) in view of (a) and (b) an assessment of whether the adjustment programs implemented in Greece took into consideration the characteristics of the country’s political economy, and how and to what degree the failure to do so accounts for their results.
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Nour, Samia Satti Osman Mohamed. "Characteristics of Innovation in the Arabic Countries." In Handbook of Research on Driving Competitive Advantage through Sustainable, Lean, and Disruptive Innovation, 614–55. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0135-0.ch025.
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This chapter employs both the descriptive and comparative approaches and uses the definition of national systems of innovation used in the literature to examine the characteristics (strength and weakness) and implications of the national systems of innovation in the Arab countries. This paper examines three hypotheses, that the national systems of innovation exist but characterized by serious weaknesses in the Arab countries compared with other world countries, that the level of income has inconclusive effect in the performance of the national innovation systems in the Arab countries and that the poor Arab national systems of innovation has serious implications in the Arab countries. This paper explains two common characteristics of the national systems of innovation concerning poor subsystems of education, S&T, R&D, and ICT institutions in the Arab countries and concentration of R&D activities within public and universities sectors and small contribution of the private sector in R&D activities.
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Korres, George M., and Maria P. Michailidis. "National Systems of Innovation Using an Application on EU Data." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 1526–36. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch105.
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The growing importance of technological change in world production and employment is one of the characteristics of the last four decades. Technological change is not only a determinant of growth, but also affects the international competition and the modernisation of a country. The “science policy” is concerned with education and the stock of knowledge. “Technology policy” is concerned with the adoption and use of techniques, innovation, and diffusion of techniques. The division between the areas and variables of science policy and technology policy is not so clear. The term of “technological policy” indicates the national technological capabilities and also the structure and the planning on research and development. This paper attempts to review the theory and the current literature of the national systems of innovation. Furthermore, it attempts to apply some statistical measurement and indices in order to estimate the effects and the implications on EU innovation systems member states. For this purpose, a presentation of data and indicators has been applied.
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Buzási, Katalin. "Languages and National Identity in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Approach." In The Economics of Language Policy. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.003.0008.
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This chapter contributes to the recent strand of the empirical political and economic literature that attempts to reveal the determinants of national identification in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although previous survey-based studies provide evidence that the socio-economic characteristics of individuals, the properties of ethnic groups they belong to, and certain country-level variables influence the probability of having positive attitudes toward the ethnic group or the nation, the role of languages has not been studied in this context yet. Inspired by findings of psycholinguistics and related disciplines, we utilize the fourth round of the Afrobarometer Project (surveyed in 2008 and 2009) to conduct analysis on the possible positive relationship between language knowledge and identification in national versus ethnic terms. We introduce two language-related explanatory variables. First, the Index of Communication Potential (ICP) reflects the probability that an individual can communicate with another randomly selected person within the society relying on commonly spoken languages. Second, we take into account the number of spoken languages in one’s repertoire. The multilevel models show that although speaking more than two languages increases the chance of identifying in national compared to ethnic terms, the ICP is not significant in this sense on the whole sample. But, when we consider the nationality of the former colonizers, the ICP exhibits positive relationship with national identification on the sub-sample of the former French colonies.
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"Organizational Culture." In Organizational Culture and Achieving Business Excellence, 1–16. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8413-1.ch001.
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This chapter gives a comprehensive review of the literature on organizational culture. It examines the history and definition of organizational culture and the diverse approaches used to conceptualize it. It also sets out some of the different organizational culture models, emphasizing the Denison model with its four types of culture (mission, adaptability, involvement, and consistency). This chapter also covers the concept of national culture and uses the dimensions of Hofstede's model to shed light on the national culture of UAE, which has common characteristics with other cultures in different regions. It sets out different approaches to measuring organizational culture.
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Matonin, Vasiliy N., and Natalya N. Bedina. "The Fatherland Theme in the 18th Century Patriotic Discourse (On the Example of the Divine Service of Thanksgiving on the Great God-Given Victory at Poltava)." In Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature: Issue 20, 423–75. А.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/horl.1607-6192-2021-20-423-475.
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The material for the article is the 18th century manuscript of the Divine Service of Thanksgiving… The authors discovered it in the Chequevo village of the Onega district in the Arkhangelsk region. The manuscript was kept near the books marked with Chequeo peasant library seal. The Abbot of the Solovetsky monastery, Archimandrite Ioannikiy, was one of the founders of this library. He was a native of the Polye village, which was part of the Chequevo. So it can be assumed that the manuscript came to the library from the Solovetsky monastery — the spiritual and cultural center of the Russian North. Divine Service of Thanksgiving... is a handwritten copy from the first printed edition of the solemn service, created immediately after the Russian troop’s victory in the Poltava battle in 1709. The author of the text is Archbishop Theophilactus (Lopatinsky). The history of the manuscript reveals the awareness of the Northern peasantry’s involvement in the Russia naval success and in the fate of the Fatherland. As a result of Peter’s the Great reform activities, Arkhangelsk lost its strategic importance for the state development, but the Emperor’s connection with the Northern peasantry formed an important part of the marginal self- consciousness of the Pomors. In the 18th century Patriotic discourse, the wars waged by Russia are assessed as liberating. In the text of the Service, the images of the Russian army, Tsar Peter I and the people are endowed with such characteristics as humility, smallness, infirmity, loyalty to the true faith and trust in the grace of God. The enemy image is based on comparisons with the vanity builders of the Babylon tower, arrogant Goliath, arrogant and fierce Pharaoh, thousands of Assyrian army, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, the traitor Judas. Researchers characterize the author of the Divine Service of Thanksgiving... as one of the most consistent zealots of Orthodoxy, a hidden opponent of Peter’s Church reforms and a passionate enemy of Protestantism. In the Russia and Sweden state ideology, there is a common trend: the protection and collection of lands around the empire center. The common language of Baroque European culture is typical for Swedish and Russian glorifications of the Northern war time. It involves the use of Parallels with biblical images, the combination game with emblematic signs, and ultimately — the search for the highest meaning of historical events. The presence of an enemy superior in numbers and power is one of the most important conditions for the peoples’ self-consciousness formation. The national power identity basis was not the economic and political might of the state, but it was the idea of protecting the Fatherland, its independence, Fatherland honor and glory. Peter’s Imperial ambitions grow organically from the Moscow kingdom ideology (“Moscow is the third Rome”), where the “goal of world history” was realized (A. Toynbee). In the 18th century Patriotic discourse, the interpretation of the war had a religious character despite the secularization of public consciousness. The Fatherland theme was based on traditional spiritual foundations implemented in the emerging Imperial ideology.
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Van Kley, Dale K. "Introduction." In Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe, 1–10. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300228465.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter argues that it was Reform Catholicism that gave coherence to the accumulated but otherwise disparate gripes and grievances of those on whose toes the Jesuits had stepped, while the matter is the characteristics of that eighteenth-century reformist Catholicism and the role it played in motivating—or at least legitimizing the motives of—those who effected the national expulsions between 1759 and 1768, followed by forced papal suppression in 1773. The concept of Reform Catholicism is therefore used to show the interrelation between the various national expulsions and suppressions while telling the story of each in its own terms and as best as the existing literature now permits.
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West, Karleen Jones. "The Role of Candidates, Districts, and Campaign Strategies in Determining Party Behavior." In Candidate Matters, 31–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068844.003.0002.
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This chapter develops a framework of party behavior that focuses on how district-level legislative campaigns influence the behavior of national parties. In a departure from much of the literature, the text argues that parties’ electoral behavior is significantly determined by candidates who are constrained by their personal characteristics and the demographics of their districts when shaping their campaign strategies. Using ethnic parties as an exemplar of niche, policy-seeking parties, the chapter contends that some campaign strategies are inherently conflictual with niche-party goals, resulting in party behavior that does not always reflect the niche focus of the party. Certain candidate characteristics—such as experience with party leadership and access to resources—combined with district characteristics—such as the level of partisan support—generate conditions under which candidates benefit from campaigning on the basis of their personal characteristics and clientelism, rather than their party platform. The result is that, in the aggregate, the ethnic party ultimately sacrifices its niche policy-making goals for the sake of campaign strategies that make legislative candidates more electorally viable in their districts.
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Pan, Qiuyue, Jiang Wei, and Latif Al-Hakim. "The Effect of Organizational Slack on Innovation Performance." In Handbook of Research on Driving Competitive Advantage through Sustainable, Lean, and Disruptive Innovation, 559–89. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0135-0.ch023.
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To compete through disruptive innovation, organisations allocate part of its resources as a buffer to support its capability of disruptiveness or to face challenges created by competitors. These resources could be in terms of human resources, technology, equipment, information and/or financial resources. Literature refers to the buffer of resources as organisational slack. This research considers high-tech industry in China and investigates the relationship between the characteristics of the organisation's governance body, organisational slack and innovation performance. Data required by our research were obtained from various national databases available in the library of Zhejiang University. Data from 233 high-tech organisations listed in Chinese stock market were analysed. The results indicate that the interaction of the organisational slack of an organisation with various characteristics of the governance body partially moderates the innovation performance.
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Pan, Qiuyue, Jiang Wei, and Latif Al-Hakim. "The Effect of Organizational Slack on Innovation Performance." In Disruptive Technology, 1453–83. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9273-0.ch070.
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To compete through disruptive innovation, organisations allocate part of its resources as a buffer to support its capability of disruptiveness or to face challenges created by competitors. These resources could be in terms of human resources, technology, equipment, information and/or financial resources. Literature refers to the buffer of resources as organisational slack. This research considers high-tech industry in China and investigates the relationship between the characteristics of the organisation's governance body, organisational slack and innovation performance. Data required by our research were obtained from various national databases available in the library of Zhejiang University. Data from 233 high-tech organisations listed in Chinese stock market were analysed. The results indicate that the interaction of the organisational slack of an organisation with various characteristics of the governance body partially moderates the innovation performance.
Conference papers on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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Li, peng fei. "Research on the Inheritance and Development of National Cultural Characteristics in Art Education." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.511.
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Ziaei, Dorsa, and Navid Goudarzi. "Short-Term Wind Characteristics Forecasting Using Stacked LSTM Networks." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-65866.
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Abstract Onshore/offshore wind turbines play a vital role in addressing the increasing worldwide energy demand. Enhancing the wind power harnessing capability of turbines and extending the life expectancy of their components support further reductions in the final cost of wind energy. Data-driven techniques can complement existing physics-based approaches for complex problems such as wind farm wake modeling. In this paper, a deep learning model is developed to predict the local short-term wind characteristics. A data pre-processing pipeline that includes data cleaning and normalizing steps is developed to generate the training dataset. Time-series forecasting models based on long-short-term-memory (LSTM) and convLSTM are developed and trained for local short-term wind forecasting. The model is validated through experiments on three-year data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) database. The conducted experiments showed favorable performance based on root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 test scores. The R2 values for predicting 1-minute, 30-minute, and 1 hour, wind characteristics for both LSTM and convLSTM were above 0.92. The results are in agreement with the literature. They also demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed models for short-term wind forecasting compared to similar ones.
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Chaves Agudelo, Julian, Jaime Aristizabal Ceballos, Carlos Motta Tierradentro, and Juan Alvarado Franco. "A New Approach for the Geotechnical Zoning of the Rights of Way." In ASME-ARPEL 2019 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2019-5343.
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Abstract Usually, the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones is established through the analysis of information on a regional (and even national) scale of those characteristics that define the topographic, geological, climatic, and land use conditions by categorizing them and applying algorithms of interaction between these variables. However, in technical literature and in technical reports of state entities that manage natural hazards, new advances are being made in the determination of other aspects or variables that detail the condition of geotechnical susceptibility; at the same time, nowadays there are technological tools for the massive analysis of information and its spatialization. This article presents a new approach to the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones using these technological tools. A comparison is made against the conventional definition.
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Nie, Jinsuo, Joseph I. Braverman, Charles H. Hofmayer, Young-Sun Choun, Min Kyu Kim, and In-Kil Choi. "Review of Recent Aging-Related Degradation Occurrences of Structures and Passive Components in U.S. Nuclear Power Plants." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75814.
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The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) are collaborating to develop seismic capability evaluation technology for degraded structures and passive components (SPCs) under a multi-year research agreement. To better understand the status and characteristics of degradation of SPCs in nuclear power plants (NPPs), the first step in this multi-year research effort was to identify and evaluate degradation occurrences of SPCs in U.S. NPPs. This was performed by reviewing recent publicly available information sources to identify and evaluate the characteristics of degradation occurrences and then comparing the information to the observations in the past. Ten categories of SPCs that are applicable to Korean NPPs were identified, comprising of anchorage, concrete, containment, exchanger, filter, piping system, reactor pressure vessel, structural steel, tank, and vessel. Software tools were developed to expedite the review process. Results from this review effort were compared to previous data in the literature to characterize the overall degradation trends.
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Ng, Jimmy K. T., John E. Halkyard, and Chan Eng Soon. "Statistical Characteristics of Flow in the Wake Region of a Vertical Bluff Cylinder in Waves, Currents and Combined Wave-Current Flows." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21181.
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While the flow kinematics on a cylinder in the presence of combined waves and currents are well documented in literature, the unsteady free stream in the wake region of a bluff circular cylinder under wave and current conditions have yet to be fully understood. The complex kinematic phenomenon that occurs in the wake region can be a combination of vortex shedding, flow reversal and streaming. The kinematics in the wake region is important as many offshore installations today are made up of two or more bluff bodies arranged in various tandem configurations, and the spacing between these members may be such that the downstream member is directly in the unsteady free stream wake region. The forces on these downstream members can be very different to that of the upstream member due to the unsteady free stream, and calculations of the total loading on the structure may not be well estimated using the commonly used Morison’s equation. Examples can also be extended to floating structures where two structures may often be placed in close vicinity to each other, one being subjected to the wake loading of the other. There is therefore motivation to elucidate the characteristics of the unsteady kinematics in the wake of the first upstream cylinder in combined wave–current conditions. The objective of the presented study is to investigate experimentally, the characteristics of flow in the wake of an upright bluff cylinder in wave only conditions; currents only conditions; and in combined wave-current conditions. The focus is to elucidate the statistics and spectral content of measured locations of the wake to determine if the actual combined wave current kinematics in the wake region may be represented by the superposition of currents only and wave only kinematics. Different wave periods and a range of current speeds were tested to evaluate the superposition hypothesis for the relative effects of wave to current contributions. The measured kinematics were utilized to predict the motions of an elastically mounted cylinder in the near wake of another cylinder. These experiments were conducted in a 0.9m × 0.9m × 39m wave flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory of the National University of Singapore. An upright fixed cylinder was towed at constant velocity to study the effects of current on the cylinder, while a wave maker generated the oscillatory flow. The ranges of parameters investigated were; wake location to cylinder diameter ratio (L/D) of 0.75 to 2.50, Wave current parameter (H/UcT) of 0.08 to 0.70. The statistical characteristics and the spectral content at each measured location were derived from the velocity time series. The hypothesis of the statistical equivalence of combined wave-current wake kinematics using the superposition of currents only and wave only wake kinematics are discussed in this paper.
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Mei, Joseph S., Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul Yue, and Esmail R. Monazam. "Hydrodynamics of a Transport Reactor Operating in Dense Suspension Upflow Conditions for Coal Combustion Applications." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78088.
Full textAbstract:
A series of experiments were conducted in the 0.3-meter diameter, 15.45-m high cold flow circulating fluid bed (CFB) test facility at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the U. S. Department of Energy. Operation of the CFB demonstrated that high density conditions can be achieved throughout the entire riser with sufficiently high solid fluxes in a riser taller than what has been previously reported in the literature. Tests were conducted on Geldart type B, 60 μm diameter, glass beads at two different gas velocities (5.1 and 7.8 m/s). The riser’s axial solids fraction profile provided distinct characteristics that enabled us to differentiate between dense suspension upflow (DSU) and core annular flow regimes. The apparent solids holdup in the riser exceeded 7% when operating in DSU. A fiber optic probe was used to measure particle velocities near the wall 8.5 m above the solids entry. These measurements did not always record upward particle velocities when in DSU conditions. A number of possible reasons are identified and discussed. Solid fluxes greater than 250 kg/m2-s for 5.1 m/s and 350 kg/m2-s at 7.8 m/s appeared to be sufficient to achieve DSU conditions. The trend in the measured particle velocities near the wall was also consistent with these transitions. The transition from core annular conditions to DSU operations depended upon both gas velocity and solids flux and was in good agreement with an existing correlation found in the literature.
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Manno, Vincent P. "Revising the Power Generation Systems Curriculum: The 1000 MW Solution." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68554.
Full textAbstract:
Student interest in electric power generation is increasing as national and worldwide attention to energy grows. While a power plant or thermal design course was a staple of pre-1980s mechanical engineering education, such courses fell out of favor as the bio-info-nano revolution refocused academic programs. The relevant textbook literature also stagnated. There is now an opportunity to reinvent the curriculum for mechanical engineering courses focused on 21st Century electric power generation. This paper addresses developing appropriate content for and teaching of such courses. The overarching goal is for a broad spectrum of students to develop a working knowledge of the scientific and technical similarities, differences, and challenges associated with various electric power production technologies including engineering, design, analysis, economics, and appropriate consideration of sustainability and societal impact. A unifying motivational exercise advocated is to estimate and catalogue the resources, sizes, performance characteristics, and impact streams for generating 1000 MW(e) using each technology studied.
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Zhang, Yaqi, Vadim Shapiro, and Paul Witherell. "Towards Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion on Path Level." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98046.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology to produce metallic parts. Understanding the relationships between process parameter settings and the quality of finished parts remains a critical research question. Developing this understating involves an intermediate step: Process parameters, such as laser power and scan speed, influence the ongoing process characteristics, which then affect the final quality of the finished parts. Conventional approaches to addressing those challenges such as powder-based simulations (e.g., discrete element method (DEM)) and voxel-based simulations (e.g., finite element method (FEM)) can provide valuable insight into process physics. Those types of simulations, however, are not well-suited to handle realistic manufacturing plans due to their high computational complexity. Thermal simulations of the PBF process have the potential to implement that intermediate step. Developing accurate thermal simulations, however, is difficult due to the physical and geometric complexities of the manufacturing process. We propose a new, meso-scale, thermal-simulation, which is built on the path-level interactions described by a typical process plan. Since our model is rooted in manufactured geometry, it has the ability to produce scalable, thermal simulations for evaluating realistic process plans. The proof-of-concept simulation result is validated against experimental results in the literature and experimental results from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In our model, the laser-scan path is discretized into elements, and each element represents the newly melted material. An element-growth mechanism is introduced to simulate the evolution of the melt pool and its thermal characteristics during the manufacturing process. The proposed simulation reduces computational demands by attempting to capture the most important thermal effects developed during the manufacturing process. Those effects include laser-energy absorption, thermal interaction between adjacent elements and elements within the underneath substrate, thermal convection and radiation, and powder melting.
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Kebschull, Scott A., and R. Michael Van Auken. "Development of Vehicle Safety Rating Systems and Application to Off-Road Vehicles." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12178.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The first vehicle safety rating systems were the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), started in 1979, and the Australasian NCAP, started in 1992. These systems were investigated in order to determine the methods used to develop them and the characteristics that make them scientifically valid. In addition, a proposed safety rating system for All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) and Side by Side Vehicles (SSVs) was compared to the automotive NCAP systems in order to determine its scientific validity. The literature related to the history and development of the original NCAP safety rating systems was reviewed. The proposed safety rating system for ATVs was also reviewed and comparisons with the original NCAP systems were made. The original NCAP systems have been based on correlations between the measured acceleration of the head and chest and actual injury outcome probabilities. These systems also were intentionally restricted to providing comparisons between vehicles of similar mass. Based on this premise, criteria for the establishment of a vehicle safety rating system have been developed with the aim to ensure that such a system has validity and provides ratings that are based on scientifically established correlations between objectively and repeatably measured values and desirable safety outcomes. The proposed safety rating system for ATVs and SSVs that was not developed following this method was found to have no basis in known relationships between the test outcomes and injury probabilities. Although the proposed safety rating system for ATVs and SSVs was found to be unacceptable, a methodology for developing a safety rating system that would meet the criteria is proposed. The methodology would involve collecting real-world injury and exposure data and correlations with measurable vehicle characteristics. This correlation could then lead to the development of scientifically valid safety rating systems for ATVs and SSVs.
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Ferreira, Ana C., Senhorinha Teixeira, José C. Teixeira, Manuel L. Nunes, and Luís B. Martins. "Modeling a Stirling Engine for Cogeneration Applications." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88183.
Full textAbstract:
The interest on decentralized power generation technology has been drastically increasing over the last few years. This great interest is due to the necessity of achieving new ways for improving energy efficiency, the national security of energy supply and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Combined heat and power generation (CHP) systems can be a good option to achieve those goals. In Europe and for the building sector, this fact can be translated in the development of low power systems (micro-CHP), designed to fulfill building equivalent loads. These systems will replace the usual boilers that satisfy the dwelling’s heat requirements and, additionally, generate electricity for own consumption or export back to the electricity grid. The most cited technologies in small and micro-scale are Fuel Cells, Internal Combustion Engines, and Stirling Engines. Stirling Engines are gaining some attention due to their advantages: high total efficiency, fuel flexibility, low emissions, low noise/vibration levels and good performance at partial load. Due to these characteristics, Stirling engines seem to be a good alternative for residential energy conversion, and thus, a pathway for more energy-efficient systems that rise to the challenges of increasing market competition. Many studies have been conducted in order to assess Stirling Engines performance, but the integration of technical and economic evaluation for micro-CHP systems applications is an issue that is not focused in literature, and is the final objective of this project.
Reports on the topic "National characteristics, Panamanian, in literature"
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Carter, Becky, and Luke Kelly. Social Inequalities and Famine and Severe Food Insecurity Risk. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.097.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid review summarises the evidence on the ways in which social inequalities and discrimination affect the risk of famine or severe food insecurity. Looking at the risk at the national and sub-national level, gender and other horizontal inequities can affect a society’s risk of violent conflict and therefore food insecurity, while fragile livelihoods associated with ethnic marginalisation can impact regional food security. At the individual and household level, there is a lack of disaggregated data on people’s social characteristics and famines. There is a broader literature on the impact of systemic discrimination (based on gender, age, disability, sexuality, and ethnic identity) on individuals’ and households’ livelihoods and assets, thereby increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity. A key finding from the literature is the gender gap, with women more at risk of being food insecure than men. Also, some ethnic groups are highly vulnerable particularly in conflict-related famines; starvation is used as a warfare tactic in political and ethnic conflicts. There is evidence of how social inequalities heighten individuals’ risks during food crises and famines, including through exposure to protection threats, while limiting their access to essential services and humanitarian assistance. A broad range of measures seeks to address the multi-dimensional ways in which social inequalities affect vulnerability and resilience to food insecurity.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.
Full textAbstract:
This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staiger, 2008; Wößmann, 2003; Das and Bau, 2020). Teaching is a complex set of practices that draw on teachers’ beliefs about learning, their prior experiences, their content and pedagogical knowledge and repertoire, and their commitment and personality. Recent research in the educational development literature has turned to examining teaching practices, including content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and teacher-student interactions, primarily through quantitative data from knowledge tests and classroom observations of practices (see Bruns, De Gregorio and Taut, 2016; Filmer, Molina and Wane, 2020; Glewwe et al, in progress). Other studies, such as TIMSS, the OECD and a few World Bank studies have used classroom videos to further explain high inference factors of teachers’ (Gallimore and Hiebert, 2000; Tomáš and Seidel, 2013). In this Note, we ask the question: What are the teaching practices that support and foster high levels of learning? Vietnam is a useful case to examine because student learning outcomes based on international tests are high, and most students pass the basic learning levels (Dang, Glewwe, Lee and Vu, 2020). But considerable variation exists between learning outcomes, particularly at the secondary level, where high achieving students will continue to upper-secondary and lower achieving students will drop out at Grade 9 (Dang and Glewwe, 2018). So what differentiates teaching for those who achieve these high learning outcomes and those who don’t? Some characteristics of teachers, such as qualifications and professional commitment, do not vary greatly because most Vietnamese teachers meet the national standards in terms of qualifications (have a college degree) and have a high level of professionalism (Glewwe et al., in progress). Other factors that influence teaching, such as using lesson plans and teaching the national curriculum, are also highly regulated. Therefore, to explain how teaching might affect student learning outcomes, it is important to examine more closely teachers’ practices in the classroom.