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Lepola, Pirkko, Allison Needham, Jo Mendum, Peter Sallabank, David Neubauer, and Saskia de Wildt. "Informed consent for paediatric clinical trials in Europe." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 11 (May 25, 2016): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310001.
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ObjectivePaediatric clinical trials are often conducted as multinational trials. Informed consent or assent is part of the ethics committee approval for clinical trials. The consent requirements vary between countries due to national laws and regulations, which are not harmonised in Europe. These discrepancies can present challenges for paediatric clinical trials. The aim of this study was to assemble these consent and assent requirements across the European Economic Area. The collated national requirements have not been publicly available before, despite a real need for this data.MethodsNational consent and assent requirements for paediatric clinical trials were analysed and collated for 25 European Union Member States and 2 European Free Trade Association countries until the end of 2014. The data were retrieved from existing databases and through communication with the competent authorities and selected ethics committees. Results from a literature search for international or national guidelines, declarations and conventions and academic societies' publications served as comparison material.ResultsConsent and assent requirements are heterogeneous across these countries. We compiled our findings in ‘The Informed Consent and Assent Tool Kit’, a table including 27 national consent and assent requirements listed by individual country.ConclusionsWide variation in paediatric consents and assents presents challenges for multinational paediatric trials in Europe. The toolkit is available for all those involved in paediatric clinical trials and ethics committees, providing a new platform for proactive feedback on informed consent requirements, and may finally lead to a needed harmonisation process, including uniform standards accepted across Europe.
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Scott-Smith, Giles. "The Free Europe University in Strasbourg: U.S. State-Private Networks and Academic “Rollback”." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 2 (April 2014): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00452.
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The Free Europe Committee (FEC, known from 1949 to 1952 as the National Committee for a Free Europe) was created in June 1949 in line with George Kennan's push for a greater mobilization of the private sector in U.S. political warfare against the Soviet Union. An oft-mentioned but little-explored part of the FEC conglomerate was the Free Europe University in Exile (FEUE), established in Strasbourg in 1951. This article focuses on four Americans who played lesser-known but, in their individual ways, central roles in the formation and running of the FEUE: James Burnham (the consultant), DeWitt Poole (the diplomat), Royall Tyler (the point man), and Adolf Berle (the intellectual). By tracking their input, the impulses that led to FEUE's formation, and its eventual demise, the article presents the university as a microcosm not just of the large-scale FEC operation but also of various strands that fed into U.S. political warfare as a whole.
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Heikkilä, Pauli. "Katalin Kádár Lynn, ed., The Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare: Cold War Organizations Sponsored by the National Committee for a Free Europe/Free Europe Committee. Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press, 2013. 604 pp. $75.00 / €57.00 / £47.00." Journal of Cold War Studies 18, no. 4 (October 2016): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00697.
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Parsanoglou, Dimitris, and Yannis Papadopoulos. "Regulating Human Mobility through Networking and Outsourcing: icem, IOs and NGOs during the 1950s." Journal of Migration History 5, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 332–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00502006.
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The Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (icem) was founded in 1952 to manage the migration of migrants and refugees of European origin to overseas countries. Its foundation was part of the effort during the Post-war period to find supranational solutions to global problems and can be considered as the first to achieve ‘migration management’. icem was also part of the US propaganda mechanism during the Cold War aiming at proving the superiority of the ‘Free World’ to allocate human resources and streamlining the movement of refugees from Eastern Europe. To achieve this task icem collaborated closely with international organisations such as the ilo. At the same time, since its foundation it outsourced the process from registration to placement of immigrants and refugees to a series of national, international or religious voluntary organisations. The article tries to assess the process and the results of this collaboration during the first decade of icem’s operation.
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Jastrzębski, Robert. "Reforma rolna po drugiej wojnie światowej. Ustawodawstwo państwa polskiego." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 70, no. 1 (October 12, 2018): 111–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2018.1.3.
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Agrarian reforms in Central Europe date back to the 19th century. They were connected with the abolition of personal serfdom, socage as well as of rentification, and ultimately granting the peasants land which they farmed previously. These reforms were carried out on the Polish lands during the partition period. As a result, the course of the changes and the resulting agrarian structure was significantly different in the territory of the Polishstate that was created after the First World War. Later, a land reform was carried out in the Second Polish Republic. Initially, it was done on the basis of the Act of 15 July 1920 which announced the implementation of the land reform. Subsequently, the land reform issued was associated with the implementation of the Act of 17 March 1921 of the Polish Constitution.Its provisions deviated from those in the act of 1920. In particular, it concerned the amount of indemnity paid to landowners. The implementation of the land reform was mainly impeded during the Great Depression. This economic depression also resulted in a substantial fall in the profitability of the agricultural farms. As a consequence, the land reform did not result in significant changes in the agrarian structure of the Second Polish Republic.During the Second World War in 1944, the Polish Committee of National Liberation issued a manifesto in which, inter alia, it announced the introduction of an agrarian reform. Subsequently, on the 6th of September 1944, the Polish Committee of National Liberation issued a decree on the land reform. According to the aforementioned document, the purpose of the reform was to pass agricultural holdings exceeding a certain size to theownership of the state. Moreover, this process was carried out without any compensation to the previous owners. As a result of the implementation of the land reform, the National Land Fund was established in order to manage the land holdings collected in this manner. The proceedings concerning the reform were administrative in character which effectively prevented the former landowners from filing a court case at the time. Furthermore, the agricultural reform in the so-called “Recovered Territories”, which were attached to thePolish state as a result of the Potsdam Conference in 1945, was carried out in a different way. It was not until the 6th of September 1946 that a decree was issued on the agricultural system and settlement on the lands of the Recovered Territories and the former Free City of Danzig. The decree was a special regulation relating to the Decree on Agrarian Reform. Its primary purpose was to enable the settlement of those lands as quickly as possible.Therefore, a different procedure was implemented for transferring land to the settlers in those areas. The land reform period after World War II, from a legal standpoint, ended with the release of legal acts between 1957 and 1958. It is also worth mentioning that during that period the forests and the real estate belonging to the church were separately nationalized (respectively by the 1944 decree and by the Church Estate Act of 1950). The agrarian reform, announced in the Manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation, significantly changed the agrarian and social structure of the Polish state after the Second World War. It is estimated that 30% of the land made available to peasants came from the land reform. At the same time, it resulted in the decrease of the importance of the landowners. It should also be noted that the aforementioned legal regulations pertaining to the land reform remain in force in the currently binding law.
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Bagot, Martine, Timothy Illidge, Nicola Pimpinelli, Mehul Dalal, Athanasios Zomas, Chalid Assaf, Nathalie Waser, et al. "Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival Among a Patient Cohort of Relapsed/Refractory Mycosis Fungoides in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126246.
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Background and Aim: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) wherein those with advanced stage have a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and survival in MF patients who were refractory or had relapsed after a first systemic therapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at 27 sites in Europe. Patients enrolled had a diagnosis of MF and proved to be relapsed/refractory (R/R) prior to 1-Jan-2016 after a first systemic therapy. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated from the date of R/R event (defined as the index date) using Kaplan-Meier estimates. PFS was defined as death, progression, second relapse or refractory, or presence of subsequent treatment after index date. Results: This study included 104 advanced R/R MF patients with a median age of 54.5 years (range: 21-82). The median follow-up was 3.5 years (range: 0-20.7) after index date. In total 80% of patients experienced a second R/R, with a median time to second R/R of 15.8 months (range: 0.6-174.6). The median age at death was 65 years (range: 42-85). In total 39 deaths (37.5%) were observed. Among those patients who had a known cause of death (N=35), 18 died of CTCL progression, 11 of CTCL complication or drug toxicity and 7 of other causes. The estimated median OS was 11.5 years (95% CI: 6.5 - not reached). The median PFS was 1.3 years (95% CI: 1.0-2.1). Conclusions: The high rate of R/R and low PFS suggest that the clinical burden of R/R MF is significant in five European countries, and recently approved targeted therapies have the potential of improving outcomes. Disclosures Bagot: Innate Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Illidge:Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding; Div of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Univ of Manchester, National Institutes of Health and Research Biomedical Research Center, Manchester Academic Health Sciences, Christie Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust: Employment. Dalal:Takeda: Employment. Zomas:Takeda: Employment. Trinchese:Takeda: Employment. Little:Takeda: Employment. Bent-Ennakhil:Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG: Employment. Ortiz-Romero:Actelion: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; 4SC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; miRagen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; PLCG1: Patents & Royalties; Kyowa: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Innate Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MEDA: Research Funding.
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Cullinan, John, Derek F. H. Pheby, Diana Araja, Uldis Berkis, Elenka Brenna, Jean-Dominique de Korwin, Lara Gitto, et al. "Perceptions of European ME/CFS Experts Concerning Knowledge and Understanding of ME/CFS among Primary Care Physicians in Europe: A Report from the European ME/CFS Research Network (EUROMENE)." Medicina 57, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030208.
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Background and Objectives: We have conducted a survey of academic and clinical experts who are participants in the European ME/CFS Research Network (EUROMENE) to elicit perceptions of general practitioner (GP) knowledge and understanding of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and suggestions as to how this could be improved. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all national representatives and members of the EUROMENE Core Group and Management Committee. Survey responses were collated and then summarized based on the numbers and percentages of respondents selecting each response option, while weighted average responses were calculated for questions with numerical value response options. Free text responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Overall there were 23 responses to the survey from participants across 19 different European countries, with a 95% country-level response rate. Serious concerns were expressed about GPs’ knowledge and understanding of ME/CFS, and, it was felt, about 60% of patients with ME/CFS went undiagnosed as a result. The vast majority of GPs were perceived to lack confidence in either diagnosing or managing the condition. Disbelief, and misleading illness attributions, were perceived to be widespread, and the unavailability of specialist centres to which GPs could refer patients and seek advice and support was frequently commented upon. There was widespread support for more training on ME/CFS at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Conclusion: The results of this survey are consistent with the existing scientific literature. ME/CFS experts report that lack of knowledge and understanding of ME/CFS among GPs is a major cause of missed and delayed diagnoses, which renders problematic attempts to determine the incidence and prevalence of the disease, and to measure its economic impact. It also contributes to the burden of disease through mismanagement in its early stages.
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Gratwohl, Alois, Ronald Brand, Dietger Niederwieser, Helen Baldomero, Christian Chabannon, Jan Cornelissen, Theo de Witte, et al. "Introduction of a Quality Management System and Outcome After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15 (May 20, 2011): 1980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.30.4121.
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Purpose A comprehensive quality management system called JACIE (Joint Accreditation Committee International Society for Cellular Therapy and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation), was introduced to improve quality of care in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). We therefore tested the hypothesis that the introduction of JACIE improved patient survival. Patients and Methods Data on 41,623 allogeneic (39%) and 66,281 autologous (61%) HSCTs for an acquired hematologic disorder performed between 1999 and 2007 by 421 teams in Europe were used to assess the outcomes of patients who received a transplantation at baseline (> 3 years before application or no application), during preparation (3 years before application), during application (time from application to accreditation), and after JACIE accreditation. The analysis was clustered by team and stratified for year of HSCT, donor type, disease, conditioning, and gross national income per capita of the respective country. Patient's risks were adjusted for by their European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation score. Results Patient outcome was systematically better when the transplantation center was at a more advanced phase of JACIE accreditation, independent of year of transplantation and other risk factors. Improvement was robust as quantified for relapse-free survival after allogeneic HSCT compared with baseline by a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.03; P = .22) for preparation, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.03; P = .20) for application, and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P = .01) for the accreditation (test for trend P = .01). Improvement from baseline was similar after autologous HSCT (HR for accreditation, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93; P < .01). Conclusion Even with all the limitations of an observational study, these findings support the hypothesis that introduction of a comprehensive clinical quality management system is associated with improved outcome of patients after HSCT.
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Hansen, Penelope A. "PHYSIOLOGY’S RECONDITE CURRICULUM." Advances in Physiology Education 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.2002.26.3.139.
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Dr. Penny Hansen is an international physiology educator. She was born in America and became a Canadian citizen, and her husband is from Sweden. Dr. Hansen has a reputation throughout the world from international meetings and visiting professorships in North America and Europe. She received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Ohio, and her PhD and entire academic career have been at Memorial University in St. John’s, Newfoundland, which is closer to London than to New Orleans. She found a hospitable environment and stayed. Remember how some jet planes were grounded on Sept. 11 at Gander, Newfoundland; the local people opened their homes, transported passengers in school buses, and served them free meals for a couple of days. Dr. Hansen has received local and national awards for her teaching skills. At St. John’s, her ideas about education quickly outgrew the Basic Science Division in the Faculty of Medicine. She went from Assistant Dean for Undergraduate Medical Education to Director of Academic Development for Medicine to director of a center for health professional education for five professional schools. With this track record she might have been chosen to be dean of a medical school. Dr. Hansen’s most notable contribution to international physiology has been in editing our Society’s teaching journal, Advances in Physiology Education, for nine years. During that time, she has written provocative editorials, encouraged authors from developing countries, and found ways to incorporate fresh ideas about teaching. As far as I know, no other society in the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology has a journal devoted to teaching. This is a tribute to Dr. Hansen and her associate editors in their encouragement of teachers to do research on teaching and publish their findings. Dr. Hansen will continue writing and is authoring a textbook entitled Physiology of Life Situations, which will have unique organization. Dr. Hansen was recently appointed co-chair of the Education Committee for the International Union of Physiological Sciences. In that role, she is responsible for conducting teaching workshops and providing resources to teachers of physiology worldwide, particularly in developing countries. She spends time each winter teaching at St. George’s Medical School in Granada. Dr. Hansen is also the elected chair of the Teaching Section for the next three years. It is particularly appropriate that, on this Earth Day 2002, whose motto is “One People, One Earth, One Future,” we hear a citizen of Canada who teaches worldwide talk about“Physiology’s Recondite Curriculum.”—Roger TannerThies, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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Rusi, Ilda. "European Integration: One Electoral Promise Not Taken." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p159-165.
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The process of European Union membership is a national objective, in view of the democratization and transformation of the Albanian society, in accordance with the values and principles of the United Europe. This sentence is taken from the Official Site of the Prime Minister of Albania. This message but expressed in other words seems to be there standing since 1992, when in Albania for the first time was articulated the desire for national integration of the country. After more than twenty years, the question that concerns me mostly is that why my country is not part of the big European family? What happened in these twenty-two years to prevent this process or to accelerate it? The first thing that comes to my mind after the last rejection candidate status on December, last year, is that this is a promise that none of the Albanian government has not yet managed to achieve. On my opinion, this process is strictly associated with the willing of all determinant political actors to collaborate and to manifest democratic political culture through dialogue. European integration is a slogan used in every political campaign, as a key element of the political agenda all political parties but in. It helps a lot during the electoral campaign but unfortunately we are still waiting for. Thus, I think that the integration process is not related only to the Albanian desire for participating in the EU, but mostly to the political class attitude. It is true that every time that the government does not achieve the candidate status, the political parties to blame each other for retarding the integration process. Even though, different scholars emphasize the role of EU in the process of integration, I believe that the country's democratization is a process strongly related to the political elite performance and the way they manifest politics. Albanian political class must admit that the real problem in this process is the way that it makes politics and how it makes political decision. In this article, I argue that the European integration is a process which can be successful only if all political parties in Albania understand that this is an obligation that they have with Albanian citizens and that cannot be realized if all of them are not committed to. This ambitious goal can be achieved only when the EU priority reforms are going to be established and in Albania there are going to operate functional and free institutions based on meritocracy and democratic system of operation far away from politics.
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Ghorashian, Sara, Caroline Furness, Michelle Cummins, John A. Snowden, Maeve A. O'Reilly, Claire Roddie, Lorna Neill, et al. "Intention to Treat Analysis of Real-World Outcomes Following Tisgenlecleucel Therapy for Pediatric and Young Adult ALL through a National Access Programme." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138438.
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Background: Tisagenlecleucel was approved in Europe for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in young patients in 2018. In England, a national CAR T cell panel (NCCP ALL) ensures equity of access and assesses eligibility using inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the ELIANA study. All UK cases are discussed. Eligible cases are allocated to one of 9 JACIE-FACT IEC-approved centres based on age-appropriate service, capacity, distance and patient preference. We systematically reviewed all cases from panel inception providing an opportunity to analyse complete real-world ALL outcomes from this national access programme for tisagenlecleucel on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. Methods: We included all patients discussed in the NCCP ALL from Nov 2018 up to July 16th 2020. Clinical data were retrospectively reported in a standardised dataset to allow central analysis of disease and toxicity-related outcomes. Survival outcomes were assessed as for other CAR studies, using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival from infusion. These included overall survival (interval to death from any cause) and event-free survival as defined in the ELIANA study (interval to death, disease relapse, or treatment failure defined in turn as failure to respond by day 30, with patients receiving further therapy being censored). In order to report outcomes on an ITT basis, survival outcomes were also assessed from time of treatment allocation for all patients considered eligible for tisagenlecleucel. Further, a more comprehensive event-free survival measure encompassing interval to molecular or frank relapse, further therapy, B cell recovery, death or treatment failure was analysed. Median follow up was calculated using a reverse Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Figure 1 demonstrates all patients: 66 patients were screened, 60 patients were deemed eligible for therapy (the ITT cohort), 57 patients were harvested and 49 infused. A total of 3 patients were not harvested and 2 not infused because of progressive disease (n=4) and 1 manufacturing failure. Patient and disease characteristics are summarised in Table 1. The cohort comprised patients with advanced ALL, having been treated with a median of 2.5 therapy lines not including HSCT (range 1-6), and with 47.5% of the cohort having had a prior HSCT. The median follow-up from infusion was 9.9 months and from treatment allocation for the ITT cohort was 11.9 months. The median lead time from allocation to infusion was 2 months. The CR/CRi rate was 95% in the first 90 days, 78.9% were MRD-. On an ITT basis, CR/CRi rate was 84.8%. Median OS and EFS as defined in the ELIANA study were not reached. Overall survival at 6 and 12 months for infused patients was 97.6% and 86.1%, and for the ITT cohort was 90.4% and 78.3%. EFS for infused patients at 6 and 12 months were 74.8% and 68.2%, and for the ITT cohort were 78.5% and 60.9%. Of 49 patients infused, 14 (28.5%) received further therapy including 6 (8.2%) who received allogeneic SCT for relapse or B cell recovery. For patients relapsing following CR (n=10 infused) there were 4/10 CD19- relapses. A composite EFS including molecular or frank relapse, further therapy, B cell recovery, death or treatment failure was analysed. Using this more stringent definition from infusion, the 6, 12 month EFS were 47.6%, and 33.6% and from treatment allocation for the ITT cohort were 63% and 34.3% Toxicity outcomes are summarised in Table 2. Severe (grade ≥3) CRS, neurotoxicity, infection or cytopenia after day 30 post infusion occurred in 20.4%, 10.2% 27.1% and 54.2% respectively. 71.4% of the cohort developed hypogammaglobulinaemia, (Figure 3A). The 6 and 12 month probabilities of B cell depletion were 67.1% and 51.3% respectively. Conclusions: Whilst registry data provide outcomes of large cohorts receiving Tisagenlecleucel, standardised data collection on complete populations are lacking. The framework of a national access scheme provides a unique opportunity to study outcomes on an ITT basis. The CR and MRD negative CR rates, as well as conventional EFS and OS and severe toxicities noted in our cohort compare favourably to published registry reports (Grupp et al., 2019). We found a greater proportion of CD19+ compared to CD19- relapses than noted in the ELIANA study. Consideration of OS and EFS on an ITT basis are informative for clinicians when screening patients for eligibility. If selected for presentation at ASH 2020, updated data will be presented Disclosures Ghorashian: Amgen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; UCLB: Patents & Royalties. O'Reilly:Gilead: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Other: Travel support. Roddie:Celgene: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Neill:Novartis: Other: Funded attendance at academic conferences; Celgene: Other: Funded attendance at academic conferences. Pagliuca:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Patel:Novartis: Honoraria, Other: travel support. Hough:Novartis: Other: Travel support.
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Lazebnyk, Stanislav. "Ukrainian World Tribune." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-13.
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The article refers to the World Congress of Free Ukrainians (WCFU), founded in New York in November 1967. The WCFU united 150 Ukrainian public, political and faith-based organizations. The elected Presidium of the Congress established special committees, which began to work on the coordination of Ukrainian organizations in the West regarding the provision of assistance to Ukrainian refugees and communities in the Americas, Western Europe and Australia, protection of human rights and of political prisoners of Ukrainian descent in the USSR, development of Ukrainian education and culture in the expatriate environment, etc. The WCFU opened its information office at the UN, which brought to the attention of diplomats from different countries the facts about the struggle of the Congress for an independent Ukraine, information about Ukrainian political prisoners, the russification process in Ukraine and Holodomor of 1932–1933. Owing to this effective influence, Canada, with its powerful and numerous Ukrainian community, was the first in the Western world to recognize the independence of Ukraine. In 1991, the WCFU organized a mass demonstration in front of the White House in Washington for the recognition of the young Ukrainian state. In December of the same year, the Congress, together with the Ukrainian World Foundation, announced the creation of the Ukrainian Reconstruction Fund. Since then, this organization has gradually become one of the consistent lobbyists of Ukraine’s national interests in the world. Having changed its name to the Ukrainian World Congress (UWC), it is constantly engaged in the establishment of a positive international image of Ukraine, promotion of its rich historical heritage as well as compelling changes in its society. At the same time, in the circles of this international association there is a certain disappointment with the social and economic situation in Ukraine and lack of real results in the fight against corruption. However, the UWC seeks to contribute to the further development of the historical homeland. Today UWC has an extensive network of constituent organizations and maintains relations with Ukrainian communities in 61 countries. Keywords: WCFU, Ukrainian World Congress, New York, Canada, historical homeland.
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Dymond, John H. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 8 (January 1, 2007): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20077908iv.
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The 19th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT-19) took place as part of THERMO International 2006, together with the 16th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties and the 61st Calorimetry Conference, from 30 July to 4 August 2006 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. Dr. W. M. Haynes was President of the Executive Board of THERMO International 2006, and Drs. M. Frenkel, R. D. Chirico, and J. W. Magee were the organizers of ICCT. Overall, 768 speakers submitted the abstracts of their presentations, including about 30 students and 11 exhibitors, from 62 countries (235 from North America, 341 from Europe, 76 from Japan, and 33 from China). About 65 % of the participants were from academia and 15 % from industry, with 20 % from governmental and international organizations.These individual conferences have an overlap of areas of interest, but this was the first time that they have been held jointly at the same site. This provided a unique opportunity for researchers and practitioners worldwide to meet and discuss a broad range of scientific problems in the fields of thermodynamics and thermophysical properties for a wide variety of systems, with applications in chemistry and other scientific and engineering disciplines.After the official opening ceremony, there was an invited keynote presentation by Prof. W. A. Wakeham from the University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, entitled "Thermophysical property measurements: The journey from accuracy to fitness for purpose". The Rossini Award lecture was given by Prof. A. Navrotsky on "Calorimetry of nanoparticles, surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and multilayers".The ICCT program consisted of nine symposia, some of which were held jointly with the other conferences. The plenary lecturers and invited speakers in these symposia, and the titles of the plenary lectures, were as follows:Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Thermodynamics: J. M. Prausnitz (plenary), "Some promising frontiers in the thermodynamics of protein solutions"; C. G. Panayiotou, P. R. Tremaine, and T. Kimura (invited)Ionic Liquids: K. Seddon (plenary); "The mark of an educated mind"; L. P. N. Rebelo and C. J. Peters (invited)Molecular Modelling, Including Simulation: D. Evans (plenary), "The fluctuation and non-equilibrium free energy theorems: Theory and experiment"; H. Tanaka, J. Errington, and A. Klamt (invited)Thermochemistry and Molecular Energetics: J. A. de Sousa Martinho Simões (plenary), "Energetics of free radicals: Bridges between gas-phase and solution data"; W. E. Acree, Jr. and J. S. Chickos (invited)Thermodynamics and Properties in the Biological, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Agricultural, and Food Sectors: P. L. Privalov (plenary), "Thermodynamic problems in structural molecular biology"; J. M. Sanchez-Ruiz and H. H. Klump (invited)Databases, Data Systems, Software Applications, and Correlations: M. Satyro (plenary), "Life, data and everything"; R. L. Rowley and R. Sass (invited)Phase Equilibrium, Supercritical Fluids, and Separation Technologies: S. Sandler (plenary), "Computational quantum mechanics: An under-utilized tool for applied thermodynamics"; L. F. Vega and R. P. Danner (invited)Colloid and Interface Science: L. Piculell (plenary), "Controlling structure in associating polymer-surfactant mixtures"; H. K. Yan and K. Lohner (invited)New Materials: V. K. Pecharsky (plenary), "Structure, mechanism, and thermodynamics of novel rare-earth-based inter-metallic materials"; C. Staudt-Bickel and J. Pons (invited)The plenary lectures, with the exception of the lecture by Prof. K. Seddon, are published in this issue.There were workshops on New Experimental Techniques, with Profs. C. Schick and J. P. M. Trusler as invited speakers, on Properties and Processes for a Hydrogen-Based Economy, where Prof. C. J. Peters was the invited speaker, and on Thermodynamic Frontiers and Education, with Profs. R. N. Lichtenthaler and R. Battino as invited speakers.In addition, there was a workshop on the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydration (with Prof. V. Majer as invited speaker), software demonstrations, and two afternoon poster sessions, with over 400 posters. The sessions were held in the well-appointed Stadium Club, against the beautiful backdrop of the Flatirons to the west and the plains stretching across to the east. IUPAC had donated three poster prizes, a framed certificate signed by IUPAC President Brian Henry, a copy of the IUPAC "Gold Book" and a two-year subscription to Chemistry International. These were awarded to Martinez-Herrera Melchor (Mexico), Lisa Ott (USA), and Isabel Marrucho (Spain).Doctorate awards were presented by the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics (IACT), with sponsorship from Elsevier. The four recipients were M. Fulem (Prague, Czech Republic), Y. U. Paulechka (Minsk, Belarus), E. Asabina (Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation), and J. Xu (Trondheim, Norway). They each received a certificate, plus a cash prize of $500, and presented their papers at the conference.All the lectures demonstrated how chemical thermodynamics is making, and will continue to make, very significant contributions to the rapidly developing interdisciplinary fields such as the life sciences, new materials, medicine and pharmacy, new energy resources, the environment, separation technologies, agriculture, green chemistry, and so on. These are all extremely important issues for scientists worldwide, and particularly for those who are in developing or economically disadvantaged countries. The opportunity for face-to-face discussion and communication with scientists from developed countries was a great benefit, which will lead to further research and improved education.The weather was most pleasant for the conference. This, together with the attractive setting of the campus, the welcoming reception, the conference banquet at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the high standard of the presentations, made this a memorable conference. In addition, there was a full program of tours for accompanying persons, which included a visit to the mile-high city (Denver). Our thanks are extended to the Conference Chair and Co-chairs, and to all members of the local Organizing Committee, the members of the International Advisory Committee, and the members of the International Scientific Committee. We are most grateful to IUPAC, the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Elsevier, Honeywell, and Mettler Toledo for sponsoring THERMO International 2006.Thermodynamics will continue to be an important area of research for many years to come, with a wide range of applications from chemical engineering to the biosciences. We look forward to the presentation and discussion of the results of further advances in chemical thermodynamics at the next ICCT, which will take place in Warsaw, Poland in August 2008.John H. DymondConference Editor
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Meskell, Lynn, Claudia Liuzza, and Nicholas Brown. "World Heritage Regionalism: UNESCO from Europe to Asia." International Journal of Cultural Property 22, no. 4 (November 2015): 437–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739115000247.
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Abstract:UNESCO World Heritage regions are historically constructed categories that do not easily map onto global geographies, yet they still continue to have important political and ethical implications in the international arena. Since their inception, regional categories have been at the heart of debates over global representation and equity in the World Heritage Committee. We include the recent controversy over uneven regional representation in elections to the Committee and the measures adopted to remedy this for the future. Specifically, the “Europe and North America” regional group has historically been the most dominant region and, as we demonstrate, continues to be so despite measures such as the Global Strategy. In the last decade, however, the “Asia and the Pacific” regional group has exhibited a growing presence in many aspects of World Heritage. We go on to examine overall trends from annual sessions of the World Heritage Committee from its start in 1977 to 2014 in terms of site inscription on the World Heritage List, membership on the Committee and size of national delegations in order to look in greater detail at the rising profile of Asia. This leads to a discussion of the different forms and understandings of regionalism, whether for Europe or Asia, and how some Asian delegations see their increased role and visibility in World Heritage.
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Stole, Inger L. "“Selling” Europe on free enterprise." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2015-0024.
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Purpose – A number of scholars have explored the US Government’s postwar efforts, often in collaboration with the business community, to “sell America” to Americans themselves; others have documented the means through which such information was aimed at audiences behind the Iron Curtain. Few scholars have explored the use of the US “propaganda” to secure political loyalty and financial markets among Western allies, and fewer still have studied the government’s use of commercial marketing methods for this purpose. Attempting to fill a void, this paper aims to explore the US State Department’s postwar collaboration with the Advertising Council, a non-profit organization funded and organized by American business, to “sell” the 16 countries that were receiving aid under the Marshall Plan on “the American way of life”. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing primarily from archival sources, the underlying research here is heavily based on various State Department collections housed at the National Archives in Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland, as well as documents from the Harry S. Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, and the Advertising Council Archives at the University of Illinois. Findings – In contrast to its many successes during the Second World War, the Advertising Council’s first international project was plagued by erroneous assumptions and unforeseen problems, making the “Overseas Information” campaign far less successful than its previous projects. Thus, the case study holds lessons for the US Government in any future attempts to use the assistance of commercial advertisers in attaining its “soft power” objectives. Research limitations/implications – The study explores the “Overseas Information” campaign from an institutional perspective only. Future research should focus on public perceptions of the campaign and possibly a rhetorical analysis of the actual advertisements. Practical implications – The case study holds lessons for the US Government in any future attempts to use the assistance of commercial advertisers in attaining its “soft power” objectives. Social implications – The study reveals interesting, and heretofore, unrevealed information about collaborations between the government and US business in the postwar era. Originality/value – Up till this point, the Advertising Council’s “Overseas Information” has received very scant scholarly attention and few, if any, have recognized its importance in the ongoing quest for government “soft power” in the postwar era.
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Tsarenko, A. V., A. A. Babskiy, Yu V. Krynychniy, and Yu Yu Shchetko. "The experience of the "Program of palliative care in an outpatient setting in the Dnipro City for 2018-2021" implementation: the problems and prospects." Health of Society 10, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2306-2436.10.2.2021.238582.
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Background. Many Ukrainian authors noted that an innovative System of Palliative and Hospice Care (PHC) and Social Services for Palliative Care (SSPC) the creation and implementation are the most important medical and social tasks of the Government and society in Ukraine today which appreciate the civilization and humanity of our state and society. PHC are a modern patient-family-oriented humanitarian approach that contributes to the preservation of the human dignity of palliative care patients (PCP) and can ensure the proper quality of life of PCP and their relatives. According to the WHO and the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers Recommendations, palliative care should be one of the priorities of the Health Care Government Policy in the European region. The purpose of the study: the "Program of palliative care in an outpatient setting in Dnipro City for 2018-2021" the implementation analysis. Materials and methods. The work used national and international legal documents and literature sources, data from medical statistics, methods of systemic and structural-functional analysis, bibliosemantic and statistical research methods. Results. The international and national legal documents and scientific literature a content analysis showed that in accordance with modern approaches and standards, PHC is provided taking into account the PCP and its family members needs, wishes and consent, depending on medical, demographic, socio-economic and cultural ethnic features of the region. A comparative analysis of the PHC state in Ukraine and Dnipro City showed some regional features, in particular, the significant need to provide PHC and SSPC to patients at home and the need and ensure a mechanism of cooperation between primary health care physicians, inpatient health care and social care institutions to develop. In 2017, the “Program of outpatient palliative care in Dnipro City for 2018–2021” (hereinafter - the Program) was developed and approved at the City Council session, which allowed the PHC and SSPC multidisciplinary and interagency approaches implementation, effective interdepartmental coordination, cooperation and the continuity of PHC and SSPC to ensure. The Multidisciplinary Mobil Specialized Palliative Care Team has been working in close contact with family doctors and social workers in the city since June 2019. As part of the Program, PCP are provided with medicines, technical and other means of care and rehabilitation free of charge or on preferential terms. In addition, the Palliative Care Team provides PCP, if indicated, oxygen concentrators and anti-decubitus mattresses. The Program creates points for renting medical care for PCP (wheelchairs, walkers, anti-decubitus mattresses, crutches, etc.), as well as providing patients with medical care at home (urine and feces, diapers, etc.). In 2020, UAH 300,000 was allocated from the Program budget for the Palliative Care Team with medical equipment, medicines and rehabilitation technical means complete set. In total, it is planned to allocate over UAH 40 million from the Dnipro City Budget for the Program implementation. Conclusions. 1. Thus, today in Dnipro City the Comprehensive Palliative Care System at home is implemented due to co-financing from the State Budget and due to the "Program of palliative care in outpatient conditions in Dnipro City for 2018-2021", approved by the Dnipro City Council the deputies. 2. An important condition for comprehensive provision of the Dnipro City population needs in PHC and SSPC is the Dnipro City Council support to create a modern accessible, high-quality and efficient PHC and SSPC service, which an effective interagency coordination, continuity and cooperation between health care providers and social care institutions provides, Multidisciplinary Mobil Specialized Palliative Care Team creation and development of in each the city district, the coordination and continuity of inpatient PHC in the city health provides. 3. There is both the Government support and municipal or regional budgets support for PHC Programs in many developed countries. The international PHC standards and experience implementation can significantly the provision of needs and the quality of life of both PCP and their families improve.
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Cârstocea, Andreea. "Review of the 2014 Monitoring Process of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, no. 1 (May 22, 2016): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301012.
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In what concerns the situation of national minorities, 2014 was a complicated year, with the events in Ukraine, the increase in the occurrence of xenophobic discourses and attitudes throughout much of Europe, and the unfavourable economic context all conducing to a political environment in which the rights of national minorities were under pressure, in particular with regard to the Roma minority. Responding to this context, the Advisory Committee carried out an ad hoc visit to Ukraine and subsequently issued a Report outlining the main findings of the visit. The Opinions drafted by the Advisory Committee in 2014 reflect the fact that the Roma minority continued to lack sufficient access to basic services and meaningful opportunities for integration in their respective societies. In addition to the country-by-country monitoring activities, throughout 2014, the Advisory Committee continued its work in drafting a new thematic commentary, focusing on the personal scope of application of the Framework Convention.
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GERMANESE, DONATELLA. "“WE WILL MAKE EUROPE THERE”: ITALIAN INTELLECTUALS IN SEARCH OF EUROPE AND AMERICA IN HITLER’S GERMANY." Modern Intellectual History 14, no. 2 (March 18, 2015): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000074.
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In the early 1940s, Felice Balbo and Giaime Pintor judged and re-envisioned Europe from a shared observation point in Turin with two institutional settings: the publishing house Giulio Einaudi Editore and the Italian Committee for the Armistice with France. Their privileged perspective—so far little known outside Italy—offers interesting clues about forms of opposition to Fascism and National Socialism by a generation that grew up under dictatorship. Drawing on unpublished sources and memoirs, this essay retraces a dialogue among friends, showing how young members of the Italian intelligentsia designed eccentric scenarios to overcome a nazified Europe. An overly enthusiastic reception of American culture, illusions about impending insurrections in Germany, and a general attraction to German culture helped Balbo and Pintor in becoming active antifascists.
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Benink, Harald A., and Reinhard H. Schmidt. "Das European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee: Ein Beitrag zur Regulierungskultur in Europa." Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 1, no. 3 (August 2000): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2516.00020.
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AbstractThe turbulence in the international financial markets in the 1980s inspired the idea that independent academics might be in a position to make a contribution to the improvement of regulation and thus ultimately also to the stability of the national financial sector in the United States. This led to the creation of the US “Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee“, a group of academics and other independent experts working in the field of financial regulation, which meets regularly and issues statements concerning conceptual as well as current issues in financial regulation. Two years ago, a similar shadow committee was founded in Europe. It is composed of members from 11 different countries. The special problems of financial regulation in Europe, as well as the special features of the European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee (ESFRC), derive from the fact that despite the trend towards economic and political integration, Europe is still a collection of different nations with different institutional set-ups and political and economic traditions. In this paper, Harald Benink, chairman of the ESFRC, and Reinhard H. Schmidt, one of the two German members, describe the origin, the objectives and the functioning of the committee and the thrust of its recommendations.
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HEDREA, CIPRIAN, ROMEO NEGREA, and IOAN ZAHARIE. "THE 1/2 CORRECTION FORMS IN GEOMETRIC QUANTIZATION OF THE SYMMETRIC FREE RIGID BODY." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 09, no. 07 (September 7, 2012): 1220011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887812200113.
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Waje-Andreassen, Ulrike, Darius G. Nabavi, Stefan T. Engelter, Diederik WJ Dippel, Damian Jenkinson, Ondrej Skoda, Andrea Zini, Dilek N. Orken, Ivan Staikov, and Philippe Lyrer. "European Stroke Organisation certification of stroke units and stroke centres." European Stroke Journal 3, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396987318778971.
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To improve quality and to overcome the wide discrepancies in stroke care both within- and between European countries, the European Stroke Organisation Executive Committee initiated in 2007 activities to establish certification processes for stroke units and stroke centres. The rapidly expanding evidence base in stroke care provided the mandate for the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee to develop certification procedures for stroke units and stroke centres with the goals of setting standards for stroke treatment in Europe, improving quality and minimising variation. The purpose of this article is to present the certification criteria and the auditing process for stroke units and stroke centres that aim to standardise and harmonise care for stroke patients, and hence become members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre network. Standardised application forms and guidelines for national and international auditors have been developed and updated by members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee. Key features are availability of trained personnel, diagnostic equipment, acute treatment and collaboration with other stroke-caregivers. After submission, the application is reviewed by one national and two international auditors. Based on their reports, the Stroke Unit-Committee will make a final decision. Validating on-site visits for a subset of stroke units and stroke centres are planned. We herein describe a novel, European Stroke Organisation-based online certification process of stroke units and stroke centres. This is a major step forward towards high-quality stroke care across Europe. The additional value by connecting high-quality European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre is facilitation of future collaboration and research activities, enabling building and maintenance of a high-quality stroke care network in Europe.
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Lane, David A., and Katharina Althaus. "The Development of Psychotherapy as a Specialism for Psychologists." European Psychologist 16, no. 2 (January 2011): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000091.
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The development of psychotherapy as an area of expertise for psychologists has occupied the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) for many years. Differences in regulations and practice within Europe, as well as the absence of the discipline as an area of practice in some countries, have complicated the establishment of European standards. This paper describes the efforts of the EFPA Task Force, later Standing Committee, on Psychotherapy to establish a standard. The problems faced included differing traditions and the existence of other nonpsychologists within the field of practice. In addition, debates over the development of a basic standard for European psychology delayed implementation of the specialist standards. The eventual resolution included three routes to recognition: a national register accepted by EFPA; a national training program similarly recognized; or a process by which individual psychologists presented their credentials to the national committee for acceptance. In each case the national committees had to seek endorsement from the EFPA European Awarding Committee to approve the nationally adopted process as meeting the EFPA standards. The establishment of these EFPA standards has enabled national associations to use the standards as a basis for discussion with their own regulatory authorities as well as in discussion with other bodies operating in this area of practice.
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Andrijauskaitė, Agnė. "Creating Good Administration by Persuasion: A Case Study of the Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe." Central European Public Administration Review 15, no. 3-4 (January 5, 2018): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2017.3-4.02.
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This contextual paper tackles a rather under-researched topic of Council of Europe’s possible impact on national administrative law. It seeks to examine how one of its instruments – Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe – can influence national standards of administrative law and provide a systematic assessment of the diverse functions and manifestations such instruments might have in a national legal order. For these purposes, the constitutional basis of these recommendations and their main features are examined followed by a subsequent analysis of the perceived importance and various functions and implications they might have in the chosen national legal system. This paper concludes that the scope of the functions and implications these instruments are capable of having to national administrative law is wide, yet it is not without limitations.
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Farhad. "Curbing Free Thought." Index on Censorship 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533868.
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Martial Law regulation number 33 punishes indulgence ‘in any political activity by words, signs or visible representation’ with 7 years jail and 20 lashes. There are plans to ban women from driving, voting and holding most jobs. ∗ A television playwright, fairly popular in official circles, wrote a line in his TV play: ‘It is human nature. Man wants change.’ The line was expunged from the play without the knowledge of the writer or the script editor. ∗ Four television cameramen of Rawalpindi-Islamabad television centre were sacked for irresponsibly commenting on the ‘referendum’ speech of General Zia-ul-Haq in December 1984. ∗ A censor committee insisted on deleting a close-up of a tearful eye in a film commercial saying that it was erotic. Another committee, set up to vet scripts of stage-plays, proudly claimed that it not only objected to certain lines of dialogue but that they also made ‘positive suggestions’. ∗ A government circular advises government departments, libraries, educational institutions and autonomous institutions that they should subscribe only to listed ‘balanced’ newspapers (all published by the government-owned National Press Trust). The government also decides to base the granting of government advertisements on the ‘responsible’ attitude of the newspapers rather than their circulation. ∗ Author-advocate Mushtaq Raj was detained under Martial Law for writing a book which attempts to find common ground between religion and Marxism. ∗ The Law of Evidence was promulgated and women were declared unfit to become witnesses to commercial deals on their own. A business contract must be signed by two men, or by a man and two women.
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TODD, DAVID. "JOHN BOWRING AND THE GLOBAL DISSEMINATION OF FREE TRADE." Historical Journal 51, no. 2 (June 2008): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08006754.
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ABSTRACTThe international diffusion of ideas has often been described as an abstract process. John Bowring's career offers a different insight into the practical conditions that permitted a concept, free trade, to spread across national borders. An early advocate of trade liberalization in Britain, Bowring promoted free trade policies in France, Italy, Germany, Egypt, Siam, and China between 1830 and 1860. He employed different strategies according to local political conditions, appealing to public opinion in liberal Western Europe, seeking to persuade bureaucrats and absolute rulers in Central Europe and the Middle East, and resorting to gunboats in East Asia. His career also helps to connect the rise of free trade ideas in Europe with the ‘imperialism of free trade’ in other parts of the world. Bowring upheld the same liberal ideals as Richard Cobden and other luminaries of the free trade movement. Yet unlike them, he endorsed imperial ascendancy in order to remove obstacles to global communications and spread civilization outside Europe.
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Weisel, Katja, Ajay Nooka, Evangelos Terpos, Andrew Spencer, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Istvan Majer, Lucy DeCosta, Rohan Medhekar, Akeem Yusuf, and Shaji K. Kumar. "Carfilzomib 56mg/m2 Twice-Weekly in Combination with Dexamethasone and Daratumumab (KdD) Versus Daratumumab in Combination with 8 Cycles of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd); A Matching-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141995.
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Introduction: Lenalidomide is increasingly used for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. However, most patients experience relapse during treatment or after prolonged exposure to lenalidomide, therefore, there is an emerging unmet need for new, highly efficacious lenalidomide-sparing regimens at relapse. CANDOR is an ongoing phase 3 randomized clinical trial (RCT) that compares the lenalidomide-free KdD regimen with carfilzomib 56mg/m2 twice-weekly with dexamethasone (Kd) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Based on the primary analysis, KdD was associated with a 37% reduction in the risk of progression or death compared to Kd (HR: 0.63, p=0.001).(Dimopoulos et al. 2020 Lancet) Besides the trial-based comparator Kd, DVd is considered as an additional relevant comparator. DVd is the most similar lenalidomide-free triplet regimen comprising a proteasome inhibitor, daratumumab, and dexamethasone. DVd was assessed in the phase 3 CASTOR RCT and demonstrated superior PFS versus 8 cycles (24 weeks) of bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone (Vd) (HR: 0.31, p<0.001).(Weisel et al. 2019 ASH) In the absence of a direct head-to-head trial comparing these treatments and an assessment suggesting that network meta-analysis is not feasible, matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAIC) were used (Signorovitch et al. 2010) to assess the efficacy of KdD relative to DVd. MAIC leverages all available data and compares outcomes across balanced populations. Method: Baseline characteristics and PFS data from the CANDOR and CASTOR trials were used in the analyses. Outcomes were compared in three steps. First, after aligning patient selection criteria of both trials, KdD patients in CANDOR were matched to the average characteristics of DVd patients in CASTOR using matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparisons methodology. The matching variables reflected tumor stage, disease burden, and treatment history, and were generally consistent with validated prognostic markers used in stratifying patients into different risk groups. Second, the published Kaplan-Meier PFS curves for DVd were digitized to generate virtual patient-level data that reconstructed the curves. Third, Cox regression models were fitted to the matched CANDOR data and the reconstructed virtual patient-level CASTOR data to estimate the efficacy of KdD versus DVd. The outcome measure was the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS. Outcomes were also compared for the first 24 weeks and for the period beyond 24 weeks to assess the impact of stopping Vd in DVd after 24 weeks on the HRs. Scenario and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of results. Results: KdD patients in the CANDOR trial who were proteasome inhibitor-refractory (n=102) were removed from the data so that the KdD population was aligned with that of DVd in the CASTOR trial. Following the matching procedure, the effective sample size for KdD reduced to 82. In matched populations, PFS at 12 months was 73.1% for KdD and 59.9% for DVd. The MAIC results showed that treatment with KdD decreases the risk of progression or death versus DVd, with an overall HR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45-0.82). The time-dependent analysis demonstrated similar PFS for the two treatments for the first 24 weeks and a larger benefit for KdD over DVd after 24 weeks. Similar results were obtained in scenario analyses; in bortezomib-exposed patients the overall HR was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.33-0.64). Conclusions: After adjusting for cross-trial differences, KdD was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of progression or death compared with DVd. Although based on an approach in agreement with methods guide, the results are associated with inherent limitations due to the decreased sample size for KdD, and due to known (longer follow-up for DVd, different duration of proteasome inhibition) or unobserved differences in the trials (potential unobserved heterogeneity in patient characteristics). A comparison of overall survival was not considered due to immature data in CANDOR. The results are in line with those of the head-to-head ENDEAVOR trial that directly compared carfilzomib with bortezomib (HR for PFS for Kd vs Vd 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44-0.65) supporting the clinical validity of this study. The present analysis suggests that KdD improves outcomes compared with DVd in patients with RRMM and may provide a rationale for a preferential treatment. Disclosures Weisel: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria; Adaptive: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria. Nooka:Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm Therapeutics, Adaptive technologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Personal Fees: Travel/accomodations/expenses, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Adaptive Technologies: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Terpos:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genesis pharma SA: Honoraria, Other: travel expenses , Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: travel expenses , Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria. Spencer:AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Sanofi, SecuraBio, Specialised Therapeutics Australia, Servier and Takeda: Honoraria; AbbVie, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Sanofi, SecuraBio, Specialised Therapeutics Australia, Servier and Takeda: Consultancy; Amgen, Celgene, Haemalogix, Janssen, Servier and Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene, Janssen and Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Goldschmidt:Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD): Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product:, Research Funding; Johns Hopkins University: Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product; Sanofi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other, Research Funding; Dietmar-Hopp-Foundation: Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product:; Molecular Partners: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chugai: Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product:, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product:, Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Grants and/or provision of Investigational Medicinal Product:, Research Funding; University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany: Current Employment; GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Mundipharma GmbH: Research Funding. Majer:Amgen (Europe) GmbH: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. DeCosta:Amgen Ltd: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Medhekar:Amgen Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Yusuf:Amgen Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Kumar:Karyopharm: Consultancy; Takeda: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Novartis: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Carsgen: Other, Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Dr. Reddy's Laboratories: Honoraria; Genentech/Roche: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Janssen Oncology: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Other: Independent Review Committee; IRC member; Cellectar: Other; Celgene/BMS: Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments; Genecentrix: Consultancy; MedImmune: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Other: Research funding for clinical trials to the institution, Consulting/Advisory Board participation with no personal payments, Research Funding; Tenebio: Other, Research Funding.
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Panni, Tommaso, Karolin Eberle, Nina Seiler, Monika Brüderl, Cornelia Burkert-Kautzsch, Alexandra Carls, Alexandra Thiele, Stefan Schleibner, and Gerlinde Jänel. "VP181 From National To European Assessment - The German Case." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317004147.
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INTRODUCTION:Health Technology Assessment (HTA) processes have become a fundamental part in the lifecycle of new medicines. However, their deep relation with national legislation creates ambiguous and controversial results between the European countries. Can they be standardized across Europe?METHODS:Sources of national differences have been identified in timelines, documents, methods, data interpretation, and conclusions. In order to harmonize and standardize HTA cooperation across Europe the European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA) was established. We analyzed guidelines, requirements, and output of EUnetHTA and noted the differences between those guidelines and the German G-BA (Federal Joint Committee, Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss) standard and IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen) methods.RESULTS:The comparison between German and European HTAs highlights that although both procedures follow the rules of Evidence-Based Medicine, differences in Body of Evidence, Comparator, Surrogate Endpoints, Subgroups, and Evidence Synthesis may lead to diverging HTA outcomes. The European HTA framework facilitates the appropriate depiction of clinical reality through comprehensive inclusion of the existing evidence with context specific statistical methods. It might become a worldwide platform for HTA evaluation and discussion.CONCLUSIONS:Only the involvement of both, pharmaceutical companies and HTA bodies within a unified European framework can lead to a mature and transparent procedure with a reliable outcome independent of legal requirements.
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Young, James E. "Berlin's Holocaust Memorial: A Report to the Bundestag Committee on Media and Culture." German Politics and Society 17, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503099782486842.
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The question as to why a national monument to the “Murdered Jewsof Europe” should be erected in Berlin is multi-dimensional, and hasanswers in political, cultural, and historical contexts. As most peoplealready know, I once took a hard stand against actually ever completinga central memorial in Germany to the Holocaust. “Better athousand years of Holocaust memorial competitions in Germanythan any final solution to Germany’s Holocaust memorial problem,”I wrote many years ago. “Instead of a fixed icon for Holocaust memoryin Germany, the debate itself—perpetually unresolved amid everchangingconditions—might now be enshrined.”
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Murphy, Clíodhna. "THE ENDURING VULNERABILITY OF MIGRANT DOMESTIC WORKERS IN EUROPE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 3 (July 2013): 599–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000195.
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AbstractWhile the rights of domestic workers are expanding in international law, including through the adoption of the ILO Domestic Workers Convention in 2011, migrant domestic workers remain particularly vulnerable to employment-related abuse and exploitation. This article explores the intersection of the employment law and migration law regimes applicable to migrant domestic workers in the United Kingdom, France and Ireland. The article suggests that the precarious immigration status of many migrant domestic workers renders employment protections, such as they exist in each jurisdiction, largely illusory in practice for this group of workers. The labour standards contained in the Domestic Workers Convention, together with the recommendations of the UN Committee on Migrant Workers on the features of an appropriate immigration regime for migrant domestic workers, are identified as providing an alternative normative model for national regulatory frameworks.
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Polisenska, Veronika. "From the EFPA Network of National News Correspondents." European Psychologist 17, no. 4 (January 2012): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000131.
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The first report from the Network of National News Correspondents (NNC) was published in European Psychologist 3 (2012) to keep readers informed of what is happening in the field of psychology in countries across Europe. We hope this second report proves just as informative. It includes news from Cyprus, Germany, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain. Cyprus reports on legislation concerning professional psychologists and the provision of continued education. Germany provides news on the launch of EuroPsy and the release of an authorized translation of the International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines. Portugal describes a successful conference and the unemployment situation among psychologists. Slovenia announces the approval of its National Accreditation Committee for the EuroPsy. Spain reports on the cooperation agreements the Spanish Psychological Association (COP) has signed with the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Portuguese Psychologists’ Association (OPP), as well as on COP’s efforts in the field of active aging.
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Craig, Elizabeth. "The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Development of a 'Generic' Approach to the Protection of Minority Rights in Europe?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 17, no. 2 (2010): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181110x495917.
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AbstractThis article considers some of the debates that have taken place in recent years about the Framework Convention's potential application to 'new minorities' or 'immigrant' groups. It explores the relevance of the work of Will Kymlicka to these debates as well as the stance adopted by the Framework Convention's Advisory Committee and State responses. The article argues that the protection of 'new' minorities under the Framework Convention should continue to be encouraged by the Advisory Committee and that this is an approach supported not only by Kymlicka's work but also on a more pragmatic level by State experiences to date.
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Giunta, Riccardo E., Emma Hansson, Nicholas Moellhoff, Anna Elander, Carolina Andresen, Elias Athanasopoulos, Giovanni di Benedetto, et al. "ESPRAS Survey on Breast Reconstruction in Europe." Handchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie 53, no. 04 (March 30, 2021): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1424-1428.
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Abstract Background The European Leadership Forum (ELF) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ESPRAS) previously identified the need for harmonisation of breast reconstruction standards in Europe, in order to strengthen the role of plastic surgeons. This study aims to survey the status, current trends and potential regional differences in the practice of breast reconstruction in Europe, with emphasis on equity and access. Materials and Methods A largescale web-based questionnaire was sent to consultant plastic and reconstructive surgeons, who are experienced in breast reconstruction and with understanding of the national situation in their country. Suitable participants were identified via the Executive Committee (ExCo) of ESPRAS and national delegates of ESPRAS. The results were evaluated and related to evidence-based literature. Results A total of 33 participants from 29 European countries participated in this study. Overall, the incidence of breast reconstruction was reported to be relatively low across Europe, comparable to other large geographic regions, such as North America. Equity of provision and access to breast reconstruction was distributed evenly within Europe, with geographic regions potentially affecting the type of reconstruction offered. Standard practices with regard to radiotherapy differed between countries and a clear demand for European guidelines on breast reconstruction was reported. Conclusion This study identified distinct lack of consistency in international practice patterns across European countries and a strong demand for consistent European guidance. Large-scale and multi-centre European clinical trials are required to further elucidate the presented areas of interest and to define European standard operating procedures.
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Timmerman, Ruben I., Arjen Leerkes, Richard Staring, and Nicola Delvino. "‘Free In, Free Out’: Exploring Dutch Firewall Protections for Irregular Migrant Victims of Crime." European Journal of Migration and Law 22, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340082.
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Abstract Real and perceived risks of deportation may compromise the effective right of irregular migrants to report to the police if they have been a victim of crime. Some localities have therefore introduced so-called ‘firewall protection’, providing a clear separation between the provision of public services and immigration enforcement. This article explores one such policy in the Netherlands: ‘free in, free out’. While the policy began as a local pilot project, in 2015 it was introduced at the national-level alongside implementation of EU Victim’s Rights Directive, and currently represents the only national-level example of ‘firewall protection’ for victims of crime in Europe. This article is based on a socio-legal study that included interviews with informants from governmental and non-governmental organisations. It documents the legal and social reasons for instituting the policy, while critically assessing the challenges in implementation. Finally, it discusses the lessons and opportunities for expanding firewall protection more broadly in a European context.
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Servaes, Jan. "‘Europe 1992’: The audiovisual challenge." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 49, no. 1-2 (February 1992): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929204900105.
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The article discusses the changing role of the European Community and its impact on national media systems and policies. It claims that the EC-policies advocate total freedom to provide services across borders, and that, therefore, total liberalization may lead to a future cultural synchronization and economic oligopolization of Europe. The main arguments presented are: 1. The national, and especially the European policies regarding telecommunication services in general and broadcasting in particular are based on economic in stead of cultural considerations. This trend will continue after 1992. 2. The public service broadcasting structure and philosophy has undergone major changes throughout the last decades. These changes, initiated by internal as well as external factors, have affected the organizational and finance structures, and the programming of public service broadcasting. 3. It is questionable whether the European policies will be in the advantage of the so-called smaller countries in the European Community, like for instance Belgium or the Netherlands, on the one hand, and whether these policies will be able to secure a free and balanced flow of information, ideas, opinions and cultural activities within the Community on the other hand.
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McKeith, Ian G. "Regulatory Issues Concerning Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Europe." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007213.
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In 1995, a new European system for the authorization of medicinal products went into effect. After 10 years of cooperation between National Registration Authorities at the European Union (EU) level and 4 years of negotiation, in June 1993 the Council of the EU adopted three directives and a regulation that together form the legal basis of the current system. The European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) was established on July 22, 1993, and London was chosen as its coordinating center, housing the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP), which is the body that advises the European Licensing Authority (European Commission). The EMEA has the opportunity to harness the expertise and resources of member states and their ability to oversee local implementation.
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Wang, Peter Chen-main. "Caring Beyond National Borders: The YMCA and Chinese Laborers in World War I Europe." Church History 78, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640709000511.
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It is well known that 175,000 Chinese laborers worked for Allied troops in Europe during World War I. This phenomenon has been recorded in major WWI histories and has become the topic of monographs in Chinese and Western languages. Chinese laborers solved the Allied problem of a serious manpower shortage and made contributions to military fieldwork, construction, and factory work. Comparatively speaking, few scholars have paid attention to the Christian work among the Chinese laborers, which gave them considerable comfort and assistance and which laid the foundation for other service to Chinese laborers in France. Though some people have a general understanding that the Young Men's Christian Association (including the British YMCA and the International Committee of the YMCA in North America) was the most active and energetic group in offering assistance to the Chinese laborers, little has been written that explains the YMCA operations among the laborers, preventing a fair and thorough evaluation of the YMCA's service to the Chinese laborers. This paper, based on material from the American YMCA Archives, the Canadian Church Archives, and some Chinese writings on this topic, attempts to investigate the origin, operation, and development of this YMCA international project and to assess its significance in church history and in modern China.
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Schäfer, Tobias. "Legal Protection Schemes for Free-Flowing Rivers in Europe: An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116423.
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Most of Europe’s rivers are highly fragmented by barriers. This study examines legal protection schemes, that specifically aim at preserving the free-flowing character of rivers. Based on national legislation, such schemes are found in seven European countries: Slovenia, Finland, Sweden, France and Spain as well as Norway and Iceland. The study provides an overview of the individual schemes and their respective scope, compares their protection mechanisms and assesses their effectiveness. As Europe’s the remaining free-flowing rivers are threatened by hydropower and other development, the need for effective legal protection, comparable to the designation of Wild and Scenic Rivers in the United States, is urgent. Similarly, any ambitious strategy for the restoration of free-flowing rivers should be complemented with a mechanism for their permanent protection once dams and other barriers are removed. The investigated legal protection schemes constitute a starting point for envisioning a more cohesive European network of strictly protected free-flowing rivers.
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Modelski, Józef, and Ryszard Romaniuk. "Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications Polish Academy of Sciences Structure – Activities – Perspectives." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2015-0007.
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Abstract Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of the Polish Academy of Sciences (KEiT PAN) has been acting on behalf of scientific community in Poland since 1960. The article presents structure, statutory tasks, and Committee activities on behalf of the integration and development of electronics and telecommunications sciences and technology in Poland. The Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications of PAS is all the time an active participant of research life in the country. However, this participation is different than it used to be, and all the time is subject to intense changes. The authors present critically the current status of the Committee, but also undertake an effort to newly define the role, activity and potential of KEiT PAN, in completely new conditions of doing research in Poland, Europe and worldwide, than it was at that time, when the PAS Committees were originally defined. The conclusions, upon possible acceptance by the national research and technical communities of electronics and telecommunications, may possibly serve to change and/or optimise the work of the Committee in the near future
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Dürr, Christoph. "Waldpolitisch relevante Gremien in Europa | Important forest policy organisations in Europe." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0128.
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International forest policy is mainly shaped by the participation of countries at global level, which is why forest-related organisations in Europe and their political processes have received little attention up to now. Meanwhile, however, global forest policy is being increasingly influenced by regional processes. Efforts are underway in the context of various European processes to put sustainable forest management on a firmer footing and make it better known outside the sector. Hence the safeguarding of national interests in the European context is becoming more important for Switzerland. This contribution presents the main forest policy organisations in Europe from Switzerland's perspective, i.e. Forest Europe, the FAO European Forestry Commission, the UNECE Timber Committee, the European Union and the European Forest Institute, so as to provide a better understanding of where European forest policy originates.
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Hedrea, Ciprian, Romeo Negrea, and Ioan Zaharie. "Retraction: The 1/2 correction forms in geometric quantization of the symmetric free rigid body." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 06 (June 2019): 1993001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819930010.
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The Romanian National Committee of Ethics has detected plagiarism in this article. Its publication status is now retracted with immediate effect from IJGMMP. Publisher's Note: As of 8th June 2020, the case is under dispute and pending for final court decision. http://portal.just.ro/30/SitePages/Dosar.aspx?id_dosar=3000000000111746&id_inst=30 https://curteadeapeltimisoara.eu/Detalii_Dosar.aspx?id=9556%2f30%2f2015&idinstanta=59
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Yamelska, H. Yu. "The legal nature of soft law acts of the Council of Europe." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.73.
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The article examines the effectiveness of soft law as a regulator of legal relations between the member states of the Council of Europe. Existing approaches to the definition of soft law are analyzed.Author proposes to separate from the traditional conception of international law as a system of universally binding norms developed by states, taking into account postmodern trends in the transformation of national legal systems. Soft law is recognized as a real form of modern international law that has legal consequences. The article appoints the sources that make up the soft law within the legal system of the Council of Europe.The influence of soft law acts of the Council of Europe bodies on the legislation of Ukraine is investigated. Pros-pects for the development of soft law in the research area are determined.The role of “soft law” acts is presented on the example of the acts of the Venice Commission (European Com-mission for Strengthening Democracy through Law) and the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which are specialized agencies of the Council of Europe.Examples of the impact of soft law acts of the Council of Europe on the national legal systems of the partici-pating countries are analyzed. Their axiological influence on the democratization of national legal systems and the formation of human-centered legal ideology in Europe has been determined. The article determines the orientation of the parliaments and governments of the member states of the Council of Europe on the acts of soft law of its bodies in the legislation. The place of soft law acts of the bodies of the Council of Europe in the system of sources of international and national law is considered through the prism of the sociological school of law.
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Bashevkin, Sylvia. "Free Trade and Canadian Feminism: The Case of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 15, no. 4 (December 1989): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550353.
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Samaras, A. T., S. Y. Lai, B. Kim, D. P. West, J. M. McKoy, M. Henke, S. M. Silver, and C. L. Bennett. "Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for cancer patients: Increasingly restrictive guidelines and policies in the United States and Europe." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20725-e20725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20725.
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e20725 Background: Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) have transformed the treatment of cancer-associated anemia worldwide. However, recent reports of venous thromboembolism (VTE), tumor progression, and mortality risks associated with ESA administration to cancer patients have resulted in reassessments of the safety and appropriate usage of these agents. The present study investigated the disparate factors that contributed to the transformation of ESA policies. Methods: We reviewed meta-analyses, advisory committee recommendations, manufacturer label revisions, clinical guidelines, reimbursement policies from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), updated clinical guidelines, and ESA usage trends. Results: See Table . Conclusions: The risks and benefits of ESAs for cancer patients have been reassessed, resulting in increasingly restrictive guidelines and labels in the U.S. and Europe. In response to the 2008 ESA labeling change mandated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European advisory committee, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), convened to reassess the risk-benefit profile of ESAs and determined that for patients with reasonably long life expectancies, the benefits of ESAs do not outweigh the risks. Additionally, the U.S. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) revised clinical guidelines in accordance with the FDA labeling change. Therefore, FDA actions combined with the CMS reimbursement policy have provided the impetus for increasingly restrictive use of ESAs. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Phillips, Alan. "Contribution of the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and its Advisory Committee to the Effective Participation Rights of National Minorities." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 4 (December 20, 2009): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115_016_04-03.
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This article presents a personal view on the contribution of the Framework Convention to the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities. It demonstrates the participatory rights of national minorities that have been safeguarded drawing on the practical experience of monitoring the Framework Convention between 1999 and 2007 and the recent Commentary on Article 15 of the Framework Convention. It covers participation in economic and social life, in public affairs, in the implementation and monitoring of the Framework Convention itself, participation in inter governmental organisations and within minority communities themselves. The article explores some of the outstanding participatory issues and identifies possible remedies. The conclusions emphasise the past synergies and possible future cooperation between the Advisory Committee and the High Commissioner on National Minorities on this issue.
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Berry, Stephanie E. "The Siren’s Call? Exploring the Implications of an Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights on National Minorities." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 23, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02301002.
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Calls for the adoption of an Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) on National Minorities have persisted within the Council of Europe despite the adoption of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (fcnm). This article explores the potential implications of the adoption of an Additional Protocol on National Minorities to the echr for the fcnm. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) already has several tools that would allow it to extend protection to persons belonging to national minorities. However, as the ECtHR tends to allow States a wide margin of appreciation in cases concerning persons belonging to minorities, it is argued that the adoption of an Additional Protocol on National Minorities may not be desirable, as it has the potential to undermine the progress made by the Framework Convention Advisory Committee.
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Schlick, Maria. "The English of shop signs in Europe." English Today 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402002018.
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A case study of foreign and especially English influence on the language of shop signs and shop windows in three European cities.PEOPLE have always worried about language purity: ‘No greater harm can be done to a nation than taking away its national character and the idiosyncrasies of its language’ (Immanuel Kant, over 200 years ago). ‘Kein Denglisch in deutschen Wörterbüchern’ is a citation of the German Verein zur Wahrung der deutschen Sprache e.V. (‘Association for the Protection of the German Language’)1, founded in 1997. Theirs is a struggle to keep German free of too much foreign-language influence: most notably English.
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Banta, David, and Wija Oortwijn. "CONCLUSION." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101187.
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The papers on the 16 European countries presented in this issue show their great diversity of health systems. Health technology assessment (HTA) has been institutionalized in a number of members of the European Union and has a growing impact on health policy. A remaining challenge is to see HTA visible and useful at the European level, which requires more active coordination of national and regional activities. A network of HTA programs and researchers has been established. The HTA-Europe Steering Committee has suggested a number of actions by the European Commission to promote further coordination. The most important conclusion of the HTA-Europe report is that a permanent coordinating structure is needed at the European level.
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Semya, G. V. "National Strategy on Action for Children in Russia and Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child." Психологическая наука и образование 21, no. 1 (2016): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2016210109.
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Development of the National Strategy for Action on Children for 2012–2017 implemented in two phases (2012–2014 and 2015–2017) coincided with the Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child for 2012–2015, and the new Council of Europe Strategies for the Rights of the Child for 2016–2022 takes effect in 2016. Author provides description of a new European instrument: the main current challenges in the field of children safeguarding; top areas and measures to respond to these challenges; methods to implement the strategy including based on the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to the Member States. The article gives examples of Russia’s accession to the international legal community through the ratification of various conventions that allowed to take domestic measures to ensure international standards to secure children from such crimes as trafficking in children, underage prostitution and por- nography, sexual abuse. The present paper examines opportunity to take into ac- count the new European guidelines and standards in Russian childhood policy and describes action taken in Russia to protect children’s rights as a response to the integrated European challenges, taking into account social and cultural differences.
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Weatherill, Stephen. "I. Free Movement of Goods." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55, no. 2 (April 2006): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei093.
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The Surveys of the law of the free movement of goods carried in the Quarterly since 1989 have followed a largely consistent pattern. The Court's case law interpreting the nature and purpose of Article 28's legislative institutions. The readier the Court is to treat national measures as barriers to trade, the deeper the incursion of EC law into national regulatory autonomy. And vice versa. The Wider the scope allowed to the possibility to justify barriers to trade, the more room for manoeuvre is handed back to national regulatory autonomy—and the more weight is placed on the process of legislative harmonization or, increasingly, other forms of policy coordination at EC level as the way to advance integration. And vice versa. All these trends are in view in the period covered by this survey. The complex institutional rhythms reveal that the creation of the internal market was not a short-term project that was completed in 1992, nor even an enterprise that gently begged to have a few loose ends tidied up before being triumphantly pronounced historical fact. In reality the internal market, as an exercise in creating a unified economic space underpinned by a constitutionalized system of supra-State legal rules in a politically fragmented but interdependent environment, is one manifestation of the extraordinary exercise in multi-level governance which is evolving in Europe. Systems of this complexity do not stop fluctuating; ‘free’ markets are politically contested.
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Snyder, Timothy. "The Ethical Significance of Eastern Europe, Twenty Years On." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 23, no. 4 (August 5, 2009): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409342110.
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Twenty years after the end of communism in Eastern Europe, the region seems to have lost its sheen of moral appeal. What has happened to the dissidents, the heroes, the ethical lessons? Yet the Eastern Europe of today has become, in new and surprising ways, the test case of three of the largest questions of political morality in the early twentieth century: free elections, energy independence, and the divisiveness of national memory.