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1
Stjernholm, Emil. "Visions of Post-independence India in Arne Sucksdorff’s Documentaries." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 8, no. 1 (June 2017): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927617699648.
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This article studies two post-war documentary films set in India, Indian Village (1951) and The Wind and the River (1953), directed by the celebrated Swedish filmmaker Arne Sucksdorff. While many scholars have studied these films in relation to Sucksdorff’s biography and Swedish national cinema, less emphasis has been placed on these Indian documentaries in relation to other international documentary work that took place in India during the post-independence period. The excursion to India took place on commission from the Swedish Cooperative Union and Wholesale Society and therefore the films are studied in relation to Charles R. Acland and Haidee Wasson’s notion of “useful cinema.” In doing so, this article emphasizes the didactic ideas behind the production of sponsored film and the way in which ideas of the welfare state were projected onto post-independence India. Reading these documentaries against the grain, this article also addresses the question of how these films affected the authorial discourse surrounding Arne Sucksdorff and conversely what impact his films had among critics and filmmakers in India.
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Anudeep Rawal. "Adoption of Cloud Computing in India." Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2011): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2011.22010.
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The researcher looks at adoption and applicability of cloud computing to e-governance in India. Data has been gathered via structured questionnaire from stakeholders of various businesses - public & private sector of India, including Indian IT companies that offer cloud computing solutions to clients. The study takes a balanced and unbiased view of cloud computing with focus on India, to figure out the key factors that lead to its adoption using factor analysis and whether these factors could be the drivers for its adoption in e-governance. Cloud computing has picked up in developed markets and is starting to pick up in India. For enterprises, SMB, Government, NGO & individuals - it reduces initial investments, results in cost savings, gives flexibility, scalability, service on demand, device independency and anytime accessibility and reduces key data loss in the event of hardware crash, loss or theft. However, it has issues like confidentiality, information security, legal & regulatory challenges and malicious attacks as data gets stored in a distributive internet cloud, generally beyond any nation\\\'s geography. The intended target audience for this research are Union & State Governments, Large Municipal Corporations, National Federation of Urban cooperative and credit bank societies Ltd.
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Puthucherril, Tony George. "Developments in legislating dam safety in India: a tale of ifs and buts?" Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 25, no. 2 (May 12, 2023): 149–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2022.02.02.
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Given the many dams worldwide, safety is critical as a dam failure can negatively impact human health, property and the environment. India has a substantial stock of dams, ranking third after the US and China. However, about 80 percent of its large dams are over 25 years old, and nearly 227 dams are over 100 years. These ‘geriatric’ dams continue to function but raise serious safety concerns, with a classic example being the 127-year-old Mullaperiyar Dam. Although India’s track record of dam safety is more or less satisfactory, there has been poor maintenance and several failures. Even though ‘water’ under India’s Constitution is a matter that India’s States determine, India recently enacted the Dam Safety Act, 2021 at the national level. Many have expressed criticism of this statute for being ‘anti-federal’. This article evaluates the law on dam safety in India by highlighting the salience of India’s Dam Safety Act. The core argument is that given legislative laxity on the part of States in adopting dam safety measures, and the limitations on a State to legislate beyond its borders, the Union did need to intervene via the Dam Safety Act. By enacting this statute, the Union has not usurped the States’ powers. Instead, it has fortified cooperative federalism by creating institutional structures at the central and State levels to ensure that dam safety is not compromised and that people do not have to lose their lives unnecessarily.
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Saha, Rushali, and Marko Filijovic. "HIGH SKY – LOW TENSION: CAN INDIA AND CHINA FIND COMMON INTEREST IN OUTER SPACE?" Politička revija 67, no. 1/2021 (April 23, 2021): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pr.6712021.11.
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Cold War rivalry spilled into space when the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957, leading to space being recognised as the fourth domain of warfare. As the monopoly of the US and former Soviet Union eroded, it created space for new actors to emerge from Asia, where China and India due to their investemnts in space technology as early as 1950’s had a significant headstart. The paper traces the evolution of the space programs of both the Asian countries and identifies how they are tailored to meet their aspirations to become global space powers. Against the backdrop of competitve cooperation which charecterises their overall bilateral relations, the paper assesses the trends in their national space programs to predict whether Sino-Indian relations will shift towards confrontation or cooperation. In view of the similar ambitions of both these countries in space, the paper conlcudes that there is scope for cooperation as well as competiton and which path will be adopted depends largely on their national strategic interests and further development of their fututre projects.
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Bordilovska, Olena. "Current State of Ukrainian-Indian Relations." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-34.
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The article delineates the diplomatic relations between Ukraine and the Republic of India based on a high level of trust and mutual understanding, being friendly and collaborating. Recently, two countries have been able to build a solid base for the development of economic cooperation, trade and scientific relations, using the Soviet-era cooperation traditions and a certain unity of approaches to understanding of the modern world. At the same time, analysts and indologists point out the lack of attention to Ukrainian-Indian relations by Ukrainian authorities and underestimation of real opportunities and prospects for cooperation. The level of political dialogue is not in line with the potential of these relationships either. The overall image of Ukraine has been significantly improved by Ukraine’s persuasive defence of its national interests, victory in international legal instances, in particular the recognition of the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation in the east of Ukraine as well as the entry into force of the Association Agreement with the European Union that has led to a revival of interest from Indian partners. The next task for Ukrainian politicians and experts is to explain the strategic importance for Ukraine of the Association Agreement with the EU, the prospects for its implementation, and the absence of negative consequences for cooperation with Asian countries. The author emphasises that Ukraine does not make full use of this area of its foreign policy, therefore losing opportunities for advancing and protecting its national interests in this important region. Keywords: the Republic of India, Ukraine, EU, association, Ukrainian-Indian relations.
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Kolin, Konstantin Konstantinovich. "Science, technology and education as factors of national security." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 7 (June 8, 2021): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2107-01.
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The article shows that for the development of science, technology, and education, it is necessary to create an adequate information and analytical system to support the adoption of effective management decisions. One of the main difficulties of this task is that it should be solved comprehensively, and not in fragments, as it is done at present. After all, in the structure of the Russian Government there is no body for centralized management of the solution of this issue. Therefore, many state programs in this area are not coordinated with each other and are not supported by the necessary personnel, standards, and legal and information provision. All this will have to be created anew in the context of increasing attempts to isolate Russia economically and politically by the United States and its supporters in the countries of the European Union (EU). The author suggests using this geopolitical situation to review the strategy and tactics of Russia's scientific and technological development, making it a priority to increase the efficiency of using its own intellectual potential and expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries. First of all, it should be the BRICS countries, the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as China, India, Iran and South Korea, which also face acute problems of scientific and technological development.
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Parkash, Dr Braham. "Political Life of Lala Lajpat Rai." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8327.
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The fact is that Lala Lajpat Rai joined the Indian National Congress (INC) and participated in many political agitations in Punjab. For his political agitation, he was deported to Burma without trial in 1907 but returned after a few months because of lack of evidence. Moreover, He was opposed to the partition of Bengal and founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New York. He was also elected President of the All India Trade Union Congress and he supported the non-cooperation movement of Gandhi at the Nagpur session of the Congress in 1920. He also protested against the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that followed. He founded the Servants of People Society in 1921 and he was elected deputy leader of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1926. In 1928, he moved a resolution in the assembly refusing cooperation with the Simon Commission since the Commission had no Indian members. He was leading a silent protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore when he was brutally lathi-charged by Superintendent of Police, James Scott. Rai died of injuries sustained a few weeks later. In this regard most of the scholars agreed that Lala Lajpat Rai’s contribution to Indian National Movement fall in the unique category. The present research paper highlights Lala Lajpat Rai’s political life.
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Sharma, Vatsala, and Khushi Gupta. "Implications of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: a case of India’s exports to European Union." Journal of Resources, Energy and Development 18, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2022): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/red-181204.
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Globalization has integrated national and regional economies into a single vast global economy opening up several prospects of growth and dynamic development, largely because of increased opportunities for international trade (Surugiu, et al. 2015). Now governments around the world have liberalized their trade and financial markets, resulting in intensified flow of goods, capital and services within countries, providing economic benefits. However, this has also resulted in degrading of Earth’s environment. The situation has become so grim, that the occurrence of climate-induced natural hazards is now a frequent event. Carbon neutrality (or net zero emission) has been proposed as a solution to anthropogenic climate change and more countries are committing to reach carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. An example of these is the European Union (EU), which wants to become the first region in the world to commit to net zero emissions by 2050. Its carbon neutrality strategy document, ‘European Union Green Deal (EUGD)’, along with other provisions includes taxing imported goods based on carbon embodied in production, known as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The CBAM suggests taxing the difference between carbon embodied in domestically produced and imported goods. The adjustment mechanism is based on the idea that a price on carbon consumption will encourage countries to adopt cleaner technologies in production process, along with avoiding carbon leakages to other countries with relaxed environmental standards. This paper tries to understand the concept, rationale, proposed working and discussions around CBAM. It also tries to examine the possible effect of CBAM on carbon intensive and trade exposed (CITE) sectors in India. The paper concludes that iron and steel will be the sectors most affected from CBAM in India and suggests that India and EU must harness increased international cooperation (through Free Trade Agreement) to fulfill twin purposes of economic development and environmental conservation.
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Kir, Ajitesh. "India's Goods and Services Tax: A Unique Experiment in Cooperative Federalism and a Constitutional Crisis in Waiting." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 2 (August 2021): 391–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.2.kir.
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It has long been argued that federal countries, especially those with strong subnational taxing powers, might face difficulty in implementing a federal value-added tax (VAT) because of coordination issues involved, and therefore might be reluctant to adopt one. This article provides insights on how VAT structures are evolving in federal systems, where different tiers of government have separate (and sometimes overlapping) taxation powers. While the author focuses mainly on India's recently enacted goods and services tax (GST), he also offers a comparative perspective, with reference to the GST/VAT systems in Canada, Brazil, and the European Union, thus adding to the hitherto limited body of scholarly work on VAT coordination in federal jurisdictions. The GST is arguably India's biggest tax reform in several decades. Introduced primarily to create a unified national market and bring an end to tax wars and economic distortions, the tax reform's chief slogan was "GST—one-nation-one-tax-one-market." This article takes a closer look at a unique institutional design feature of the Indian GST—a centre-state body called the GST council. What makes this body unique is that it is envisaged as functioning on the principles of cooperative federalism. But can a concurrent tax system, whose very survival is based on cooperative federalism, guarantee a unified national market? If yes, for how long? The author highlights the role of the GST council in market integration and explains why the council has succeeded on several fronts while failing on others. He also addresses an unresolved constitutional issue that could affect the GST council's ability to function as the fulcrum for cooperative federalism—namely, the question of whether its decisions are binding. The uncertainty surrounding this issue could lead to a constitutional crisis if one or more states decide to opt out. The author discusses four possible ways to deal with this impending crisis.
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Cervone, Elisabetta. "Structural Banking Reforms in the Age of the BRICS: Transatlantic Cooperation Within a Multilateral Framework." Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2018): 513–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340097.
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Abstract The Volcker Rule could potentially apply to the global structure of a foreign bank with US branches or any business of foreign banks with US counterparties. In light of the rise of emerging markets such as China and India as key players in the global economy (and the growth in general of the BRICS countries), concerns of an adverse extraterritorial impact of the Volcker Rule are relevant. This article emphasizes that, even when there is no global standard – as in current structural reforms – mutual recognition based on equivalence (as adopted in the European Union reforms) would be a slow, complex process toward harmonization, but it might work. The purpose of this article is to explore the prospects of harmonization and the development of global standards via extraterritoriality in structural banking measures, providing a view on the role of national regulations as a potential source of international financial law.
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Álvarez, J. A., C. Ávila, P. Otter, R. Kilian, D. Istenič, M. Rolletschek, P. Molle, et al. "Constructed wetlands and solar-driven disinfection technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment and reclamation in rural India: SWINGS project." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 1474–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.329.
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SWINGS was a cooperation project between the European Union and India, aiming at implementing state of the art low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater in rural areas of India. The largest wastewater treatment plant consists of a high-rate anaerobic system, followed by vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with a treatment area of around 1,900 m2 and a final step consisting of solar-driven anodic oxidation (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection units allowing direct reuse of the treated water. The implementation and operation of two pilot plants in north (Aligarh Muslim University, AMU) and central India (Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IGNTU) are shown in this study. The overall performance of AMU pilot plant during the first 7 months of operation showed organic matter removal efficiencies of 87% total suspended solids, 95% 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and 90% chemical oxygen demand, while Kjeldahl nitrogen removal reached 89%. The UV disinfection unit produces water for irrigation and toilet flushing with pathogenic indicator bacteria well below WHO guidelines. On the other hand, the AO disinfection unit implemented at IGNTU and operated for almost a year has been shown to produce an effluent of sufficient quality to be reused by the local population for agriculture and irrigation.
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Dzhamalov, Shovkat K. "BACK TO THE ROOTS. STRENGTHENING HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS AND TRUST BETWEEN THE STATES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 2 (2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-2-133-139.
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The article is concerned with the international conference “Central and South Asia: the regional interconnection. The challenges and prospects” which was held in Tashkent (Republic of Uzbekistan) on June 15–16, 2021. The author puts the conference in a broad political and geopolitical context, considering the efforts of the Uzbekistan Government to enhance cooperation both with its neighbours in Central Asian and South Asian states, most particularly India and Afghanistan, as well as with extraregional players, such as the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, the European Union, and the United States of America.As the priority tasks of such cooperation, the author names the creation of an effective national security system for the Central Asian and South Asian states, modernization of national economies in the region, creation of a new transregional transport and logistics system, development of a well-balanced energy policy, and more effective use of recreational resources within both regions. The author considers “Afghan issue” one of the key ones to be in the focus of the interacting regions, as it has become more relevant due to the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 and establishment in the country of governing by the “Taliban” radical Islamist movement.
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Ostanin,, V., V. Pecheritsa, and A. Boyarkina,. "RUSSIAN-CHINESE ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE CONCEPT OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 4 (2022): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-4-126-134.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation on the territory of Eurasia of an international credit and financial institution, which has some common features with the International Monetary Funds, on the basis of partnership with the participation of China, India, Pakistan, Iran and other countries. This international integration financial and credit institution can become a reality only on the basis of the general global digitalization of the countries that are members of the union. This integral community will remain open to other states. The contradictions that arise during international integration can receive their civilized forms of resolution in the model of the conflict-compromise paradigm. This formulation of the problem of the formation of an international financial and credit institution in the territory of responsibility of the countries of Southeast Asia, Russia, the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union made it possible to finally undermine the position of the US dollar in international settlements. The purpose and objectives of the study are to reveal the global trend in the formation of a new financial and economic reality in the context of increasing activity in the formation of a single digital space, switching to settlements in national currencies and switching to digital currency means of payment in settlements, and in the future, to global reserve digital payment instruments facilities. The object of the study is the regional financial and credit system, which is capable of reducing the risks of losses of foreign exchange funds from the implementation of the hostile sanctions policy of other states, primarily the United States. The subject of the study is the model for creating global means of payment based on digital currency means of payment of countries that are members of the Union of Southeast Asian countries, Russia, as well as other countries wishing to join the Union. The conclusions obtained have scientific and practical value as a result of sufficient verification, provided by the use of modern scientific research methods, including historical and logical, comparative analysis, methods of scientific induction, comparative analysis. The use of a comparative-functional, systematic approach makes it possible to obtain results that have a sufficient evidence-based, methodological basis in the formation of the Eurasian Monetary Fund. The analysis of modern economic and political literature testifies to the recognition of a large theoretical and practical problem regarding the new architecture of economic, financial, and monetary relations within the framework of the proposed future model of the Eurasian Payments Union
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Christensen, Steen, Raquibul Amin, and Ghulam Qadir Shah. "Regional Collaboration Among Countries in the Indian Ocean for Better Coastal and Ocean Governance." Polaris – Journal of Maritime Research 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53963/pjmr.2019.003.1.
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The Mangroves for the Future initiative (MFF) has operated since 2006 as a strategic regional and partnership-led programmeworking in response to the continued degradation of coastal ecosystems, which threatens the livelihoods and security of coastal communities and makes them more vulnerable to impacts from climate change. MFF follows the principle that healthy coastal ecosystems (principally mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds) can contribute significantly to human well-being and the resilience of man and nature to climate change. In its initial phase to 2010, MFF supported India, Indonesia, Maldives, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Thailand to deliver a targeted response to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. Since then, country membership has expanded to include Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Viet Nam and the initiative has grown towards a wider response to the current and emerging challenges for coastal management in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea regions. MFF is also engaged with Malaysia on an outreach basis; and with the Philippines as a dialogue country. Co-chaired by International Union for Conservation of nature (IUCN) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and with ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), and Wetland International (WI) as institutional partners, MFF provides a unique platform for representatives from governments, civil society and private sectors to meet, discuss and take actions together at both regional and national scales. At the regional level, MFF is governed by a Regional Steering Committee that provides strategic leadership for policy change and advocacy and also serves as a forum for country to country information exchange and discussions on emerging issues of regional importance. Within each MFF member country, a National Coordination body has oversight on the programme implementation as guided by its National Strategy and Action Plan and delivery of the small, medium and regional grant facilities1. Through its inclusive partnership approach, MFF has significantly strengthened the collaboration between the key stakeholders from governments, civil society, and private sectors addressing national and regional coastal zone management issues. In particular, the MFF initiative has supported national and local governments in developing and implementing participatory and sustainable resource management strategies, and, through awareness and capacity building activities, empowered coastal communities to participate in the decision making processes relating to the management of the natural resources on which they depend for their livelihoods. The present paper elaborates successful examples of regional collaboration initiated through MFF that have contributed to better coastal governance in India Ocean region. The examples include the transboundary cooperation between Pakistan and Iran in Gawatar Bay, between India and Sri Lanka for in the Gulf of Mannar, and between Guangxi and Quang Ninh Provinces in China and Viet Nam. The paper also highlights the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially the Goal 14 and concepts like Blue Economy for sustainable ocean and coastal management in the light of the rapid development in maritime trade, race for exploration of the ocean bed for mineral resources, unsustainable exploitation of fish resources, and increasing pollution load to ocean waters from rapidly developing coastal urban growth in the Indian Ocean region.
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Singh, Kanwal Deepinder Pal. "Strength and Challenges of OBOR Initiative: Indian Perspective." Journal of National Law University Delhi 6, no. 1 (June 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277401719857865.
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The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative of China is an attempt to ‘remake’ or recreate the ancient Silk Road or Silk Route, symbolising not only trade network but more importantly cultural interaction. It is an ambitious Eurasian strategy with large financial support, which aims to draw linkages from China to various regions of the world. The connectivity and cooperation presented by China between itself and the rest of Eurasia has two main components: the land-based ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ (SREB) and ocean-going ‘Maritime Silk Road’ (MSR). The ‘Belt’ includes countries geographically situated on the original Silk Road through Central Asia, West Asia, Russia and Europe and has six main corridors. Countries on the Belt and Road—especially those with underdeveloped infrastructure, low investment rates and per capita income—could experience a boost in trade flow and benefit from infrastructure development. The main challenge for China and for the initiative is the potential for conflicts or geopolitical tensions that could emerge with other powers. This project will increase United States’ attention on Central Asia and South Asian region. This will have consequences for the smooth implementation of the strategy. There is an expected resistance from Russia and Russian-led Eurasian Union (EU) that may divide the relevant countries along the route, leaving them torn between choosing to pursue stronger ties with Russia or with China. India also remains cautious of the project and still has not expressed its full support. It sees the initiative not as an opportunity, but as a threat or a form of competition. India’s objections are rooted in issues of sovereignty and territorial integrity. For instance, India opposes the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a pilot project of the trade initiative, due to its route passing through Gilgit-Baltistan, which is a disputed area between Pakistan and India. India has its own agenda of connectivity and cooperation. This article shall first discuss the strengths and challenges of this project and analyse the regional, national and international situations. The Chinese initiative will be discussed, focusing on China’s domestic constraints along with regional economic situation and political tensions in neighbourhood. The Indian perspective related to this initiative shall be discussed in detail, including the ‘Look East-Act East’ policy. Planning and implementation of the project and its impact on bilateral relations shall be discussed. The author shall also analyse the South Asian perspective as a whole, which is plagued by territorial conflicts, bad governance, security threats, impaired transparency, energy crisis, poor infrastructure, fragile institutions and limping economies.
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Dadhich, Mahesh Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Sanwal, Bidhan Mahajon, Jeetendra Kumar Vaishya, Sunil Dutt, Chinmay Rath, Saurabh Sharma, et al. "Contributions of the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of Ayush in the medicinal plants sector - An appraisal." International Journal of Ayurveda Research 5, no. 2 (April 2024): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijar.ijar_59_24.
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The Government of India set up the National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) to promote the medicinal plants sector on November 24, 2000, under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare. The board is a nonstatuary coordinating body and is now a section of the Ministry of Ayush (MoA). The primary mandate of NMPB is to develop an appropriate mechanism for coordination between various ministries/departments/organizations and implementation of support policies/programs for overall (conservation, cultivation, trade, and export) growth of the medicinal plants sector both at the central/state and international level. NMPB, under its Central Sector Scheme (CSS) on “Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants,” provides project-based financial support to explore various aspects of medicinal plants. Different scheme components of NMPB are functioning, such as Conservation, Research and Development (R&D), Information, Education, and Communication and Training, Herbal Gardens, Marketing and Trade, and International Cooperation. NMPB implements various programs/policies through its 37 State Medicinal Plants Boards at different state/UT levels, 6 Regional Cum Facilitation Centers at the region level, and also through various State Forest Departments/Horticulture Departments/Agriculture Departments. NMPB is also assisted by the Project Screening Committees, Project Approval Committee, and other Committees constituted as per the requirement of the CSS guideline. The present article deals with the overall contribution of NMPB to the medicinal plant sectors since its inception. The article places interest in outcomes that would gradually help the country meet its international obligation in various aspects of medicinal plants/sectors.
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Sun, Degang. "China’s Whole-of-Region Diplomacy in the Middle East: Opportunities and Challenges." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 01 (January 2019): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500015.
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To safeguard its economic and security interests, China has adopted a whole-of-region diplomacy in the Middle East since the end of the Cold war. Through a multitude of regional and international organizations, China has been able to maintain constructive interactions with Middle Eastern countries while deepening its ties with other major powers like the United States, the European Union, Russia, Japan and India. China’s diplomatic efforts have paid off in the Middle East and increased the influence of developing countries as a whole in international politics. Meanwhile, China’s whole-of-region diplomacy is faced with a number of challenges given the complexity of ethnic, religious and security landscapes in the Middle East. China needs more holistic and well-coordinated ways of whole-of-region diplomacy to seek closer relationships with Middle Eastern countries. To this end, it is important for China to consolidate its network of strategic partnerships on the basis of bilateral collaboration and multilateral cooperation, further strengthen its discourse power and agenda-setting capacity, and consider adopting a common but differentiated strategy toward regional countries according to their different national conditions, political systems and paths of socioeconomic development.
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Zvereva, Ekaterina, Nataliya Belenkova, and Irina Kruse. "From the Economic Union to the Harmonisation of Higher Education in the BRICS Countries: The Experience of RUDN University." Space and Culture, India 7, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i5.671.
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Since 2009 when Brazil, Russia, India, and China (South Africa since 2011) joined in the international organisation aimed at the economic development of the countries, and gain financial stability, the relations between the countries too boosted via political and cultural cooperation. The new economic, political and social environment has a high demand for competent specialists ready to work in various national agendas and interrelated frameworks of the BRICS. In this context, it is argued that professional training in the countries under discussion should be correlated as it provides grounds for quality assurance in education that contributes to the nations’ sustainable development, safety, and human rights provision. This situation determines the topicality of the issue. The objective of this research is to study the higher educational environment in the BRICS countries and to compare some aspects of professional training. In doing so, the study aims to present the experience of RUDN University as one of the BRICS university network members. The hypothesis states that the harmonisation of higher education systems within regional organisations can contribute to the enhancement of both international standards and individual learning paths, thus fostering youth rights for education in line with quality standards and individual preferences. To accomplish the objectives of the study, it uses the following methods - the review of the current research, formal document and online resources on higher education in the BRICS countries; the survey of the undergraduates, graduates, and postgraduates on their motivation to academic mobility, and collaboration in the frameworks of BRICS higher education. The data has been analysed employing the methods of statistical processing, qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of the current research include the outcomes and findings on the harmonisation of higher education in the frameworks of BRICS higher education. The study will contribute to further development of BRICS countries education and the harmonisation of higher education.
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Xuande, Fan, and Gu Yuting. "An Analysis of the Tuna Diplomacy between Pacific Island Countries and EU -Take Kiribati as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101071.
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Abundant tuna resources have important economic and political significance for Pacific island countries, and obtaining more benefits from tuna resources is the consistent pursuit of Pacific island countries. This article selects Kiribati as an example, mainly for consideration of its national conditions. Kiribati is a maritime country, it’s the world’s largest coral atoll, and it is famous for the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA). Kiribati’s water area is larger than land, its citizens mainly rely on fishing for their livelihoods and commercial activities. Kiribati declared its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in 1978, it currently has 3.55 million square kilometers, which is equivalent to the area of India. Besides, no other resources can make a huge economic contribution to Kiribati. Therefore, obtaining economic and political gains from abundant tuna resources is an urgent need for Kiribati. The EU has a huge tuna consumer market in the world, and there is a huge demand for tuna. The Atlantic fisheries are affected by overfishing, which has led the EU to seek new fisheries around the world. In addition to that, participating in the tuna affairs of Pacific island countries will also have a positive effect on enhancing the EU’s influence in the Pacific island countries. The two sides immediately started cooperation on tuna affairs. This article takes Kiribati’s tuna diplomacy with the European Union as an example and take the fishery partnership agreement signed by the two sides as the starting point to discuss the cooperation between them in tuna fishery and some frictions in the cooperation. In the end of this article, the authors briefly summarize the way Kiribati can further benefit from tuna resources in the future.
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Androshchuk, H. O. "Policies and strategies for the development of artificial intelligence in the countries of the world: quo vadis? (part 2)." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 2(26) (2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2023-2-05.
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The organizational and economic and legal aspects of the development and implementation of policies and strategies for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the leading countries of the world have been studied. All major economies (more than 60 countries) have developed national policies (strategies) for the development of AI. The following countries are considered advanced in the implementation of national AI strategies: USA, China, Canada, UK, Japan, UAE, France, Germany, South Korea, India and most countries of the European Union (EU). The structure of AI development strategies, priorities, funding models were considered, the main principles of the development and use of AI technologies, priority directions, goals and objectives of the use of AI were analyzed. The problems associated with the use of AI are highlighted: these are issues of data for processing AI, control over the use of AI, tracking AI decisions and responsibility for their adoption, control over confidentiality, ensuring the protection of personal data. Comparing the Ukrainian concept of AI development with the strategies of developed countries, we can conclude that it will not contribute to the effective development of AI, since investments in AI technologies differ hundreds of times, incentive tools and specific actions for the development of AI are not provided. The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Problems of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine have developed a project of the Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine for 2022–2030. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine needs to take measures to adopt the Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine. It is concluded that there is a process of formation of two large spaces in the field of AI technologies in the international arena: the first unites the OECD countries with the unconditional financial, technological and value-normative dominance of the USA and the EU. The second is formed around China, in whose orbit countries fall, for which cooperation with the West is complicated due to a wide range of international conflicts (including Russia). Countries that are unable to resist the technological hegemony of China and the United States are faced with the dilemma of choosing between two large technological spaces.
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Androshchuk, H. O. "Policies and strategies for the development of artificial intelligence in the countries of the world: quo vadis? (part 1)." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 1(25) (2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2023-1-03.
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The organizational and economic and legal aspects of the development and implementation of policies and strategies for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the leading countries of the world have been studied. All major economies (more than 60 countries) have developed national policies (strategies) for the development of AI. The following countries are considered advanced in the implementation of national AI strategies: USA, China, Canada, UK, Japan, UAE, France, Germany, South Korea, India and most countries of the European Union (EU). The structure of AI development strategies, priorities, funding models were considered, the main principles of the development and use of AI technologies, priority directions, goals and objectives of the use of AI were analyzed. The problems associated with the use of AI are highlighted: these are issues of data for processing AI, control over the use of AI, tracking AI decisions and responsibility for their adoption, control over confidentiality, ensuring the protection of personal data. Comparing the Ukrainian concept of AI development with the strategies of developed countries, we can conclude that it will not contribute to the effective development of AI, since investments in AI technologies differ hundreds of times, incentive tools and specific actions for the development of AI are not provided. The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Problems of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine have developed a project of the Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine for 2022–2030. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine needs to take measures to adopt the Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine. It is concluded that there is a process of formation of two large spaces in the field of AI technologies in the international arena: the first unites the OECD countries with the unconditional financial, technological and value-normative dominance of the USA and the EU. The second is formed around China, in whose orbit countries fall, for which cooperation with the West is complicated due to a wide range of international conflicts (including Russia). Countries that are unable to resist the technological hegemony of China and the United States are faced with the dilemma of choosing between two large technological spaces.
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Bozhenko, V., and K. Petrenko. "BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO FIGHT CORRUPTION." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 2 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.2-6.
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Artificial intelligence technologies, machine learning, and big data analysis are increasingly used to improve anti-corruption systems globally. Establishing international standards and cooperation at the international level allows forming a basis for reducing the manifestations of business misconduct in the global dimension. Innovative methods and algorithms for processing big data allow identifying anomalies, establishing patterns of informal relationships, as well as minimizing the role of human in the system of decision support for corruption. The purpose of the research is to analyze the world's best practices in the introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence to reduce corruption in society. In 2021 were published 279 publications, while in 2017 - 198 publications, which indicates the relevance of the chosen field of study worldwide. Half of the scientific work on the impact of digitalization on the fight against corruption belongs to scientists from four countries (USA, China, India, UK). Systematization of scientific literature suggests that the main causes of corruption are lack of strict social and legal control over the activity of authorities, imperfect legal system, low wages, and social services in the civil service, low tolerance of society to corruption. The authors have analysed the current digital tools for combating corruption in Ukraine, the world experience of using artificial intelligence to combat corruption. Estonia is the leader in the introduction of digital information technologies in the economy among the countries of the European Union. The paper analyzes the dependence of the Corruption Perceptions Index on such indicators as the level of digital technology development and the level of e-government. The object of the study was 28 countries of the European Union. The source of primary data was Transparency International (Corruption Perceptions Index), European Commission (Digital Economy and Society Index) and United Nations (E-government Development Index). According to the results of the correlation analysis, the following is established: first, the higher the level of development of digital technologies, the lower the value of the corruption perception index in the country; secondly, reducing the level of corruption depending on the growth of the digitalization of public sector processes. The results of the study have practical value for public authorities to improve the anti-corruption system in the national economy through innovative information technologies.
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Beg, Masroor Ahmad. "Intra-Saarc Trade: A Dwindling Feature." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 46, no. 1 (January 1990): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849004600103.
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Most of the South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan,1 India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka formed a loose association SARC (South Asian Regional Cooperation) in the year 1980. Through various meetings and conferences spread over five years under the banner of SARC, an agreement was signed in December 1985 for the formation of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. SAARC member-countries have chosen some areas of cooperation like, agriculture, rural development, meteorology, telecommunication, scientific and technical cooperation, health and cooperation activities, transport, postal services and sports, arts and culture. The most recent development that has taken place concerns the meeting of Group of Planners on a yearly basis to review the studies made under the aegis of SAARC in the following areas2 (i) Analysis of trade regimes vis-a-vis industrial protection policies of member countries; (ii) Quantification of the benefits of intra-regional trade expansion including transit problems of land-locked countries and mechanism for financing short duration trade imbalances; (iii) Studies to explore the possibilities of joint ventures in agriculture, industry and energy; and (iv) Studies of existing national systems of industrial promotion and regulation including assessment of design and consultancy capabilities and post-harvest technologies. Inspite of these, the subject of cooperation for intra-regional trade expansion still remains outside the SAARC programme. There is little cooperation in the SAARC region in the sphere of trade. Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka (among other Asian countries) are signatories to the Bangkok Agreement under which each member country gives certain preferential treatment to the co-signatories in the field of trade. This Preferential Trade Agreement signed in July 1975, under the auspicies of ESCAP covered multilateral trade cooperation but has made very limited impact on expanding intra-regional trade among the three countries listed above. Apart from this, the SAARC countries are the members of Asian Clearing Union (ACU), set up in 1975, with a limited coverage of membership, transactions and credit facilities in this region. In spite of SAARC countries' participation in two major schemes of multilateral trade cooperation, the region lagged behind the rest of the world in expanding their trade. Over a period of time, the share of intra-regional trade in this region declined in comparison to world trade. The fall in the share of infra-regional trade can also be seen in a relative sense. Thus, the dependence of these countries upon developed countries has increased and foreign trade has failed to act as an engine of growth in this region. The aim of this paper is to examine: (i) Declining export and import growth rates of SAARC countries; (ii) SAARC countries' aggregate exports and imports share in world exports and imports and its burgeoning trade balances', and (iii) Intra-regional exports and imports share of SAARC countries and SAARC share in its total exports and imports to the rest of the world.
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Gautam, Supriya, and L. C. Mallaiah. "Enhancing Farmer’s Income and Farmer Producer Organizations’ (FPOs) in India." Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 04 (April 2, 2024): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2024.v08i04.001.
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The agriculture sector in India has spent the last few decades primarily focusing on expanding agricultural output and enhancing food security. This approach included the following steps: first is, enhancing production through the use of high-quality seeds, agricultural chemicals, fertilizers, and irrigation. Second is, providing subsidies for farm inputs and paying fair prices for crops. Third is, Public investments in agriculture, and last is institutions that facilitate trade. Mid through the 1960s, the nation experienced a food shortage. In India, the green revolution overcome the path to address the food crisis that had persisted for the previous fifty years. India's population increased by 2.55 times while production of food increased by 3.7 times, which has made India a self-sufficient country in the food industry and able to export the net food to other countries. The strategy had no impact on the rise of farmers' income and had no provisions for their welfare. Several studies demonstrate that an increase in output should increase a farmer's income, but this was not always true. The Government of India (GoI) has announced in the union budget to double the income of farmers by 2022. Various grass root institutions are existing in India such as self-help groups, farmer's groups, farmer's interest groups, cooperatives, common interest groups, and Farmer Producer Organization (FPO). The GOI has suggested FPO as a tool, In order to mobilize the farmers and bring them under one umbrella to achieve the goal and double the farmers' income. Farmer Producer Organizations offer small and marginal farmers institutional support, assure a stable income for their agricultural output, and ultimately improve their standard of living. The main objective of this paper is to examine the structure of farmers' income in the country and how Farmer producer organizations empower the farmer's income to assess the possibility of enhancing the farmers’ income and discuss the FPO's tools for increasing the farmers’ incomes. The study is based on secondary data and the study is primarily exploratory. This paper addresses the issue of farmers' income and FPOs. This paper is based on 70th and 77th round NSSO Situation Assessment Surveys. The data pertains to the years 2012 and 2018-19. The information was gathered from different secondary sources, such as data on policies and other government sources, including NGOs, National and international management journals, and online sources are included. The study concludes that although boosting farmers' real earnings in six years is a challenging challenge, it may not be entirely unachievable if appropriate techniques are used. The study finds that increases over five to six years in nominal terms are already occurring. The instruments should be multifaceted and focus on increasing returns, lowering costs, and creating sustainable incomes while taking into account the dwindling natural resource base. For tracking the development, we should periodically have access to trustworthy income statistics. The income described in this paper is the gross cost of production. It can be concluded that FPOs form a core part of the strategy to sustain the life of small and marginal farmers out of poverty and enhance their income and competitiveness in agricultural markets. The expected result of this effort is to provide a single window for farmers to increase their income from farm produce through direct marketing and to gain collective bargaining power. So, the purpose of this study is to illustrate how smallholder farmers might raise their income through FPOs, which may help the farmers in doubling their income and empower them.
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Saxena, Rekha. "The Working of Cooperative and Collaborative Federalism in India: Understanding Intergovernmental Relations." Indian Journal of Public Administration 67, no. 2 (June 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561211026621.
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A federal constitution is based on at least two levels of governments— federal/union and provincial/state—which are generally constitutionally assigned exclusive as well as concurrent dominions, in addition to the residual powers. Consequently, union–state coordination is indispensable to negotiate and devise joint policies in field of shared jurisdictions. Moreover, such coordination is also essential for exclusive jurisdiction apparently because in the eras of ‘cooperative federalism’ and ‘collaborative federalism’, the federal government frequently utilises its usually bigger revenues to introduce centrally sponsored schemes of development and social policies with approval of state governments. These schemes may be entirely or partially financed by the union and executed by the states. Besides, residual powers or new policy areas that may emerge also need union–state cooperation, even though they are judicially adjudicated to go to any of the two levels of government. In an era of intergovernmental and global interdependence, functional link of governance may require cooperative action by different levels of governments besides the civil society organisations.
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Abdulla Al Marzooqi, Fawzeia, and Syed Zamberi Ahmad. "UNASCO: exploring the market for sustainable business." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2017-0201.
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Subject area Growth strategies, marketing strategy, resources-based value theory, alliance network model, logistic and supply chain. Study level/applicability This case can be used in undergraduate and graduate classes as well as development programmes for managers in small to medium-size enterprises. The case suits courses in business, strategy, marketing and freight forwarding. Case overview Union National Air, Land and Sea Shipping Co (LLC) (UNASCO) is a small to medium-sized freight forwarding company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It has three offices, two in Dubai and one in Abu Dhabi. UNASCO handles commercial imports/exports from/to many destinations, including Europe, Asia, the USA, India, the Far East, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Middle East (ME) and Africa. UNASCO has been in business for more than 35 years and has run the business smoothly. Recently, the company has faced several internal and external challenges that impact business performance. These challenges are high operating expenses, stiff competition and low market demand. Due to these challenges, the sales staff is being pressured to generate more income to ensure that the company is not experiencing a loss. Now, UNASCO is uncertain how to sustain the business. Expected learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to learn about the freight forwarding industry, the competitive landscape and the challenges surrounding it; to enable the participant to generate a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) for UNASCO and to gain skill at using SWOT analysis; to increase the participant’s ability to evaluate a situation and effectively communicate remedies about it both in writing and verbally; to enable the participant to analyse a problem using the Fishbone Diagram cause and effect tool; to enable the participant to use the Six Thinking Hats technique to make more reliable and sounder decisions; to gain skill at using Porters Five Forces tool, understand the competitiveness of UNASCO’s business environment, and identify the potential for business growth; and to gain skills at developing a marketing strategy using the 4Ps model. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Sprungk, Carina. "National parliaments in the European Union: Moving towards more ‘cooperative’ institutions?" Comparative European Politics 14, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cep.2015.42.
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Bacaria, Jordi. "Supra-National or National Monetary Rules as Constitutions: Reflections on the European Monetary Union*." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 11, no. 2 (October 1, 1993): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907539752.
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Abstract La questione centrale affrontata da questo scritto è se il «coordinamento» conseguente agli accordi per l’Unione Monetaria Europea rappresenti un accordo conclusivo tra governi, oppure costituisca il risultato di una scelta costituzionale tra possibili regole per vincolare il grado di libertà dei governi. Nel primo caso si tratterebbe di un accordo inefficiente dal punto di vista sociale, mentre nel secondo si avrebbe un gioco cooperative con risultati socialmente inefficienti.Una soluzione accettabile per una sana politica monetaria sembra essere quella di un sistema che incoraggi la concorrenza tra monete nazionali e tra banche centrali. In sua assenza, l’Unione Monetaria farebbe aumentare le differenze tra regioni e il processo di recupero di quelle meno progredite diventerebbe impossibile.
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Krivogouz, M., and D. Fesenko. "Industrial Policy of the EAEU Countries: Together or Apart?" Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 1 (2022): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2022-1-9-26.
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The article analyses the problems of coordination of national industry policies of the EAEU member states. Based on the detailed studies of the cooperative goods market of the Union, the industries with the highest potential for cooperation are specified.
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Chaurasia, Aalok Ranjan. "Empirics of Human Development in India,1990–2015." Indian Journal of Human Development 13, no. 2 (August 2019): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703019869148.
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This article uses the annual estimates of the human development index (HDI) prepared by the Global Data Lab of the Radboud University of The Netherlands to analyse the progress of human development in India during 1990–2015. The analysis reveals that human development in the country remains comparatively low by global standards and there are considerable variations in human development across states/union territories, although there is evidence of convergence in human development across states/union territories. The decomposition of the improvement in the HDI indicates that the progress in human development in the country has primarily been the result of the progress in the education dimension whereas the contribution of the progress in the dimension of health or well-being has been the smallest. The article calls for redesigning the National Sample Survey to generate data necessary for the estimation of the HDI on an annual basis at national and state/union territory level.
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Lalitha, N. Divya, Sunayana Manipal, and Prabu D. "An Analysis Unveiling the Habitation Coverage of Different States and Union Territories under the National Rural Drinking Water Program in India." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211224.
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Background: National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) attempts to provide each and every individual a sufficient amount of safe water for drinking, cooking and other essential household needs on a maintainable premise, with a base water quality standard, which ought to be helpfully open consistently and in all circumstances. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and unveil the habitations covered by the National Rural Drinking Water Program in different states and union territories of India. Materials and method: Secondary data regarding the total households in each states/ union territory and the households covered by the National Rural Drinking Water Program, Households Having Safe Drinking Water supply in India as per Census 2011 and availability of safe drinking water in households and the source of drinking waters was extracted from the 2018 National Health Profile’s annual publication by the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI). Results: In India,43% of the households use tap water and 11% use well water.46.6% of the households have water within the premises, 35.8% of the households have water near the premises and 17.6% have it far away. 81.08% are fully covered habitations under the program and only 3.34% of the habitations in India are quality affected habitations. Conclusion: Although the targets have not been achieved, this program has attempted to provide safe drinking water to many people in different states and union territories in India. Keywords: Rural areas, Habitations, Drinking water, India..
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Mallik, D. C. V. "India’s participation in IAU over the years." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000334.
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AbstractIndia was still a British colony when the International Astronomical Union was born in 1919. India did not have a national science academy nor a national research council at the time. The Royal Society, London, which was the adhering body of Great Britain to IAU, handled matters of the colony too. India formally joined the IAU in 1948 as an independent nation through an initiative taken by the Government of India. In 1968, the National Institute of Sciences of India (NISI) became the adhering organisation to the IAU, as did the other affiliate Unions of ICSU. Soon after, its name was changed to Indian National Science Academy (INSA).Till the nineteen-sixties, individual Indian membership in the IAU grew rather tardily but the situation changed with the rapid growth of astronomical activities in the country. In 1967, M.K. Vainu Bappu, the then Director of the Kodaikanal Observatory, was elected a Vice-President of the Union. In 1979, he was elected the President of IAU for the triennium 1979–1982, and during the same period, V. Radhakrishnan and Govind Swarup were elected Presidents respectively of the Commisions 34 and 40. In 1985, the General Assembly of the Union was held in New Delhi. It was dedicated to the memory of Vainu Bappu who had initiated the process of inviting the Union to hold its GA in India. A few years later the Sixth Asian-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting was held in Pune. A number of IAU symposia and colloquia have also been held in the country. During the last three decades, the engagement of the Indian astronomers with IAU has increased a great deal with a large number of them taking on important official roles in the IAU. Currently, India has close to 300 individual members.
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Vodenicharov, Asen. "Legal Regulatory Framework of Cooperative Principles." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0085.
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AbstractCooperatives are an essential structural element of national economies. They contribute to the sustainable and intensive economic growth and to the promotion and development of social market instruments. Due to their specific principles of organization and functioning, cooperatives are distinguished from all other forms of corporate typology, as well as from the state bodies, the nonprofit legal entities etc. Their characteristic features are manifested at national and cross-border European level. The principles on the basis of which cooperatives develop their activities and differentiate them from other organizational and legal establishments are emphasized in a number of acts of the European Union such as Council Regulation (EC) No 1435/2003 of 22 July 2003. The Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE) points out that their activity is based on „the specific features of cooperatives” and that „cooperatives are primarily groups of persons or legal entities with particular operating principles that are different from those of other economic agents”. The article analyzes the national legal frameworks and the European regulatory framework of the cooperative principles: voluntary and open membership, democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and independence, education, training and information, cooperation among co-operatives and concern for community.The relationships between them as well as those in the context of the normative regulation of cooperative values are explored.
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Cousins, Jill. "The European Library — From Project to Service." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 17, no. 1 (April 2005): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900501700105.
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Launched in March 2005, The European Library is the operational result of a 3-year European Union funded project to create a cooperative framework and specify a system for integrated access to the major collections of the European national libraries. The project included the rudiments of a business plan and, unusually for a European Union project, intended from the beginning to try to make an operational service. The project gave proof of concepts in both technology and cooperative working across national boundaries. At the end of the project the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) adopted The European Library and an Office was set up within the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Netherlands in May 2004. From June 2004 work was undertaken to turn the project and the experimental technology into a fully fledged robust service. The European Library will give access to digital and non-digital records and items from nine European national libraries. This numbers around 15,000,000 at launch, of which half a million are digitized objects. This paper covers the technological innovation, cooperation and business development required to launch and run this collaborative pan- European service. It also gives some examples of how research and discovery has benefited from this collaboration.
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Nath, Arvind. "A Study of Malaria in India." Epidemiology International 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202116.
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The Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of malaria for India during 2018 was 0.32 which came down to 0.14 during 2020. If interventions like the treatment of asymptomatic carriers take place, it is expected that the API will come down further, not only in the states and union territories, but at the national level as well.
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Drabarczyk, Katarzyna, Aleksandra Jakubiec, and Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal. "Spółdzielczość spożywców w Polsce w latach 2006–2014 na przykładzie wybranej spółdzielni." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 118 (July 4, 2017): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2017.118.15.
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The aim of this paper is to present the consumers cooperatives in Poland in the years 2006–2014 on the example of the selected cooperative being a member of the National Supervision Union of Spolem Consumer Cooperatives. To characterise the chosen cooperative, the number and area size of their business establishments were presented, as well as the number of employees and their wages. It was followed by the financial results of the business activity, the balance sheet and its components as well as the strengths leading to further development. Taking into account economic and financial performance of the cooperative, it was developing in the analyzed period.
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Sikhakolli, Asha, Sankalp Dandwate, Krishnan Gopalakrishnan, Priyansh Nimude, and Anshita Sharma. "A study of sales promotion techniques of cooperative milk producers." PRAYUKTI Journal of Management Applications 04, no. 01 (2024): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52814/pjma.2024.4111.
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In India, the dairy business is rapidly expanding and growing, catering to consumers' changing wants for milk and milk products. This sector also provides countless job possibilities, which contribute to the country's economic growth. The National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI) is the apex body, offering a platform for milk producer associations throughout the country. In this study, we questioned 100 consumers in Pune who buy dairy products from cooperative producers to see if their sales promotion techniques have evolved in response to technical improvements, market competition, and other pertinent aspects. Most respondents reported a considerable shift in cooperative dairy producers' sales marketing strategies, which were closely aligned with current practices.
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Bossers, Anton. "Cooperative Library Automation and the Pica Experience." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 1, no. 3 (December 1989): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574908900100302.
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In 1969 a number of Dutch university libraries and the Royal Library decided to cooperate in the field of library automation by creating a consortium for a Project for Integrated Catalogue Automation (Pica). In 1978 an online shared cataloguing system came into operation. About five years later the Pica system began to be used to produce the Dutch National Bibliography and the Dutch Union Catalogue, and to process all the cataloguing activities for over 900 public libraries. The Pica Online Retrieval System (ORS) enables users to consult bibliographic databases and catalogue information from the central Pica database. These central systems, together with local systems such as the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), the Acquisitions System combined with Serials Control, and the Circulation Control System, now constitute a ‘total library system’.
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전재현, 김준석, and 장민수. "Do Incumbents Take Advantages in Highly Restricted Elections? Empirical Analysis on Cooperative Union Presidential Election in 2015 National Agricultural Cooperative Federation." JOURNAL OF FUTURE POLITICS 7, no. 2 (August 2017): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20973/jofp.2017.7.2.89.
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Brown, S. J. "Reform, Reconstruction, Reaction: The Social Vision of Scottish Presbyterianism c. 1830-c. 1930." Scottish Journal of Theology 44, no. 4 (November 1991): 489–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600025977.
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In 1929, after many years of consultation and compromise, the two largest Presbyterian denominations in Scotland — the established Church of Scotland and the voluntary United Free Church — were united. The Union was an impressive achievement, marking the end of the bitter divisions of eighteenth and nineteenth century Scottish Presbyterianism. In particular, it represented the healing of the wounds of the Disruption of 1843, when the national Church of Scotland had been broken up as a result of conflicts between Church and State over patronage and the Church's spiritual independence. With the Union of 1929, the leaders of Scottish Presbyterianism, and especially John White of Glasgow's Barony Church, succeeded not only in uniting the major Presbyterian Churches, but also in establishing a cooperative relationship between Church and State. The Church of Scotland, itseemed, was again in a position to assert national leadership.
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Mittal, Rekha. "The National Union Catalogue of Scientific Serials in India (NUCSSI) on the web." Interlending & Document Supply 39, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02641611111112156.
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Kusainov, Kh K., and S. A. Zhumabekova. "Issues of Eurasian Industrial Cooperation in the Context of Balancing National Interests." World of Economics and Management 22, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2022-22-4-79-93.
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In the successful development of integration processes, a key role is assigned to the policy of ensuring cooperation of industrial complexes of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, Union). At the same time, an analysis of the implementation of measures in the Main Areas of Industrial Cooperation (MAIC) within the EAEU and, in general, the results of the first five-year plan (2015–2019) shows that not all the tasks set were fully and at the proper level. This trend can also be traced at the current stage of the implementation of the current MAIC program for the second five-year period (2020–2024).In this regard, the article examines problematic issues related to the insufficient pace of development of industrial cooperation processes in the Union.Based on the analysis of the development of industrial cooperation processes, to reveal the nuances associated with the imperfection of mechanisms and tools to ensure the balance of common and national interests, with inconsistency in compliance with the initially declared integration agenda.A constructive analysis of these problematic aspects in the context of comparison with the experience of industrial cooperation of the world’s leading associations of countries allows us to identify several proposals in the areas of necessary expediency: 1) the real formation of value-added chains (VAC) for the joint production of goods of the Union; 2) compliance with the principles of mutually beneficial parity in production and financial relations for economic entities (enterprises) of the member States of the Union participating in the formation and development of VACs; ensuring equal competitiveness of cooperative enterprises in the national and common market of the Union; exclusion of artificial barriers to trade between the member States of the Union; 3) improving the methodological approach to improving the effectiveness of program measures in the field of interstate industrial cooperation based on the possible application of the well-known optimization inter-sectoral interregional model (ISIM).
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Kamenov, Nikolay. "Imperial cooperative experiments and global market capitalism,c.1900–c.1960." Journal of Global History 14, no. 2 (July 2019): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022819000044.
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AbstractConcentrating on the connection between the cooperative movements in colonial India and Ghana, the article has two aims. First, it counters the diffusionist story portraying the cooperative institution as indigenous to Europe, from where it was exported to the rest of the world. Second, it draws attention to the contribution and overall importance of cooperatives in the global market economy. Pursuing these two aims, and following a review of the existing literature, the article discusses the development of the cooperative movement in British India between 1900 and 1950. It then turns to the global establishment of the Indian experience as a role model for other colonial regions, notably West Africa. The article then considers the practical implementation of cooperatives in the Gold Coast and Ashanti (both now in Ghana) around 1930, and their development until 1955. Finally, based on the two main cases, as well as on the Cooperative Wholesale Society in Britain, it explores the economic function of cooperatives beyond national particularities, and tentatively analyses the relation of the institution to the broader forces of capitalism.
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Sarker, Dr Manish, and Kowshik Datta. "The Role of Women Dairy Cooperative Society in the Socio- Economic Empowerment of Women Members: A Study of Nadia District of West Bengal in India." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. VIII (2023): 926–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7869.
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The purpose of India’s diary development projects is to empower rural women. Rural women in West Bengal are empowered by cooperatives that produce women’s milk at the village level. A case study of particular women’s milk producers’ society was done in the West Bengal district of Nadia by the Modhumoti women milk producers’ co-operative society, which is a member of the West Bengal Milk Union (WBMUL). The socioeconomic standing of the women members greatly improved when they joined the women milk producers’ cooperative association. A three-tier structure of dairy cooperative groups, including producers’ societies at the village level, unions at the district level, and federations at the state level, was discovered by the study in West Bengal. The study discovered that there are two sectors in the milk marketing system: organized and unorganized. The authors conclude by identifying the employment at one’s own home, an increase in family income, a rise in social status, and economic independence as the three most significant drivers of these women’s decision to join cooperative societies as seen in the study area.
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Guidotti, Rolandino. "The European Private Company: The Current Situation." German Law Journal 13, no. 3 (March 2012): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200020526.
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The goal of the European Union is not only to harmonize the different national legislations but also to create new company models. These new company models are not intended to replace the national models, but instead to offer a new and free choice to business operators in addition to the national models. It is predictable that among these models will be the European Private Company (Societas Privata Europaea or SPE) regulated by the Proposal for a Council Regulation (presented by the Commission) of 25 June 2008. The other preceding European legal forms have been the European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) of 1985, the European Company (SE) of 2001 and the European Cooperative Society (SCE) of 2003.
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Urunov, A. A., and I. M. Morozova. "Cooperation and subcontracting enterprises as a form of deepening the process of integration within the Eurasian Economic Union." Upravlenie 9, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-1-49-60.
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The article considers such forms of integration between enterprises as subcontracting and cooperation, designed to increase the industrial potential, activate the processes of restructuring industries and move them to a qualitatively new level. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and trends of the process of integration of enterprises through the mechanism of subcontracting and cooperation within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and to substantiate the prospects for its further development.The paper describes the degree of development of national subcontracting markets in the countries that are part of the Eurasian Economic Union, and identifies the features of national systems for supporting cooperation and subcontracting processes. The authors carry out the analysis of the dynamics of cooperative supplies between the EAEU member states in the sectoral context, as well as the analysis of structural shifts in trade in intermediate goods in the context of the participating countries. The latter found a shift in the final links of the cooperative chains of product value formation in the EAEU space, which indicates the deepening of integration processes. The article considers the problems of information, financial and regulatory support for the development of subcontracting and cooperation. The paper determines the reasons that hinder the integration processes in the EAEU. The results of the study can be used in the development of an industrial strategy and integration policy in the Eurasian space.
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Jain, Parul. "Issues in Reforms of Union Taxes in India." Intertax 44, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 2016): 712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2016059.
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The correction of fiscal imbalances in India should focus on the root cause of disequilibrium – the government not being able to balance its consumption outlays with revenue receipts. Restructuring of public expenditure seems to be very difficult under the present circumstances. Hence, significant improvement will hinge increasingly on improvement in revenue collection through direct and indirect taxes. There is need for comprehensive reforms in direct and indirect taxes through decisive action in many crucial areas rather than marginal improvement on all fronts. Broadening of the tax base is necessary to ensure growth of revenue. In direct taxes, there is a need to analyse the extent to which taxpayers actually belong to the higher slabs than they reveal in their tax returns and non-filers should be brought into the tax net. In the case of central excise and service tax, there is need to build a strong mechanism to ensure filing of returns by all registered taxpayers. To improve tax collections, it would be desirable to ask firms and companies to pay tax in equal instalments and adopt ‘family’ as a unit of assessment. The exemption/threshold limit should not be raised from the present level and Indian tax system should have smooth progression The Indian tax system incorporates a number of tax preferences/incentives to promote different activities which result in huge tax expenditure in case of both direct and indirect taxes. Tax expenditures, despite their drawbacks, need to be retained in the Indian tax system. However, they should be well targeted and be linked to performances. There is also a need to check the problem of increasing tax avoidance and evasion through stricter imposition of penalties and following of vigorous prosecution policy. Efficient tax administration calls for building up of a professional cadre of administrators who may implement the tax system more equitably and efficiently. It is desirable that voluntary compliance be encouraged and non-compliance be penalized. There is need to minimize arrears of assessment and collection, pendency of appeals, issue quick refunds, and so on. The main challenge at the present juncture is to integrate the large number of Central and State taxes to address the problem of multiplicity of taxes. The introduction of the Goods and Service Tax would be a significant step in the field of indirect tax reform in India and pave the way for a national common market.
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Chatterjee, Choi. "Santha Rama Rau: A Footnote to History?" Literature of the Americas, no. 13 (2022): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-13-224-247.
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This article analyzes Santha Rama Rau’s 1959 travelogue, My Russian Journey, and places it in the context of Soviet-American relations in the early decades of the Cold War. Rau, an eminent Indian American novelist, was commissioned by the literary travel magazine, Holiday, to write articles on the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. She was recruited for her literary ability, but her personal relations with important personalities in the United States and India gave her an unusual degree of access to members of the Soviet cultural elite. Rau’s leisurely travels through different parts of the Soviet Union resulted in a new kind of travel account of everyday life in the Soviet Union. I analyze three major themes in My Russian Journey: the problem of Soviet censorship, descriptions of elite lifestyles in the Soviet Union, and a comparison of Soviet and Indian national identity. I argue that the publication of Rau’s My Russian Journey marked an important milestone in Soviet American relations that was mediated through India.
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Krotki, Karol J. "S. Chandrasekhar (ed.). From India to Canada. A Brief History of Immigration; Problems of Discrimination; Admission and Assimilation. La Jolla, California: A Population Review Book, 1986.217 pp.US $ 25.00 Cloth, US $10.00 Paperback." Pakistan Development Review 28, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v28i1pp.57-64.
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S. Chandrasekhar (ed.). From India to Canada. A Brief History of Immigration; Problems of Discrimination; Admission and Assimilation. La Jolla, California: A Population Review Book, 1986.217 pp.US $ 25.00 Cloth, US $10.00 Paperback. Hubert CharboJUleau, Bertrand Desjardins, Andre Guilemette, Yves Landry, Jacques Legare and Francom Nault. Naissance d 'une Population. Les Francais etablis au Canada au XVIIe siecle. Paris, France: Institut Nationala d'Etudes Demo· graphiques, Presses Universitaires de France. Montreal: Presses de l'Universite de Montreal, 1987. viii +232 pp + 3 folded graphs and maps. Fr francs 60.00 Paperback. Art Hansen and Anthony OJiver-Smith (eds.). Involuntary Migration and Resettlement. The Problem and Responses of Dislocated People. Boulder, Colorado: West· view Press, 1982. xi + 333 pp.US $ 25.00 Cloth. Hania Zlotnik and Silvano M. Tomasi (eds.). International Migration Review: Measuring International Migration: Theory and Practice. Special Issue in cooperation with International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Vol. 21, No.4. Winter 1987. xii + 689 (925-1613) pp.
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Kania, Ewa, and Zofia Łękawa. "Regulation peculiarities of cooperative banking in Poland." Ekonomika 85 (January 30, 2009): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2009.0.5124.
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The dual nature of cooperative banks is reflected by their formal and institutional solutions. They refer both to banking and to cooperative regulations, especially to those dedicated to relations between the two areas; hence, they result from considering their specialness and consistency.In addition to general cooperative principles which define membership rules in the first place, this paper focuses on codes ruling the coexistence of cooperative banks within a given domain and organizational solution. They include:– collaboration of cooperative banks within a federated structure as forms of association between cooperative (member) banks and the associating bank;– regionalization which defines the framework of coexistence and is combined with the territoriality of operations, or the right to operate in a limited area as independent units with no competition among respective cooperative banks;– subsidiarity which is tightly related to the division of functions between a primary level (cooperative banks) and a higher level (associating banks).This paper aims at identifying to what extent the regulations should be dedicated to cooperative banks or what real impact of cooperative specialness is on legal is solutions. Thus, a diligent examination is necessary to identify those elements of cooperative banking which require dedicated solutions and those which are identical with commercial banking.The solutions are significantly diversified, although there have been attempts to standardize them in some areas following the need to comply with the European standards and regulations, including recommendations issued by the National Union of Cooperative Banks and the European Associations of Cooperative Banks in the EU.