Academic literature on the topic 'National Economic Council (Nigeria)'
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Journal articles on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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Sil, Narasingha P. "Nigerian Intellectuals and Socialism: Retrospect and Prospect." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 3 (September 1993): 361–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0001199x.
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Many Nigerian intellectuals have persisted in their enthusiasm for a socialist revolution. Historians, political scientists, sociologists, economists, novelists, and playwrights in the universities have presented a Marxist critique of the political economy and society, and variously sought to provide a socialist solution to the multiple ills of their country. For example, in November 1985, Tunji Braithwaite was insisting that ‘socialism is the way out’ of the political and economic impasse besetting the nation, while Krees Imodibie was claiming that the Nigerian social ethos expressed the essential precepts of socialism. Even the National Political Bureau appointed in 1986 by President Ibrahim Babangida to devise the blueprint of a civilian government for the 1990s recommended, albeit rejected by the Armed Forces Ruling Council, ‘that Nigeria should adopt a socialist socio-economic system’.
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Omoruyi, Ikponmwonsa, Stephen Osaherumwen Idahosa, Mahamat Mugadam Mugadam, and Oumar Sidibe. "Nigeria - South Africa Rivalry in Quest for Regional Power Status: from Material Potential to UN Security Council Membership." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-147-157.
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The paper explores the role and the power potential of Nigeria and South Africa with special attention to their comparatively high military, economic, political capabilities that enable them to shape and dominate regional agenda. It also analyses the internal, regional and external dynamics within Africa, particularly in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC). The paper further thoroughly examines the hegemonic contest for the UN Security Council membership among the dominant African states through the lens of Ezulwini Consensus, as well as the Pan-African credentials of Nigeria and South Africa in accordance to their contribution to ensuring peace, stability and development on continental and sub-regional levels. Nigeria and South Africa are the most important actors on the African continent, but there are obvious constraints undermining their ability to play an effective regional role. Thus, the research was guided by the comparison case-study of Nigeria and South Africa in crucial for understanding power potential areas. The study concludes that although Pan-Africanism stands of Nigeria and South Africa are commendable, both powers mostly follow this strategy for advancing their national interests. Taking into account the whole set of internal and external factors, both countries need to unite their efforts and practical strategies to advance the common goal of Africa development, peace and security.
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Aletor, Valentine A. "Leveraging Endogenous Research and Innovation for Sustainable Livestock Production, National Food Security and Poverty Alleviation In Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.715.
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In this treatise, a quick look is taken at the spectrum (range) of research from pure basic, strategic basic, applied, experimental development or research and development (R&D) to endogenous research and innovation (ER&I). It also defines development, innovation, food security, poverty; and discusses some contemporary theories of innovation within the context of organizational/national development. This was followed by an overview of global and Nigerian livestock, Food Security and Poverty situations; and the characterization of the Nigerian agriculture. It emphasizes the strong link between poverty and low agricultural productivity and chronicles the impact of some generated technologies by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) on food production. The trends and patterns of Industry-Government-University research relationships in Nigeria are examined and some illustrations given to show in concrete terms, with examples of the “Asian Tigers” and the BRICS nations, how socio-economic development and human development indices (HDI)have become Research and Innovation-driven.Among the identified constraints to the attainment of food and nutrition security and the curtailment of deepening poverty despite Nigeria's huge agricultural resource endowments include: high cost of agricultural inputs; incessant power outages; chronic under-funding of agricultural research by government and the society, including industries; poor market outlets; huge post-harvest losses due, largely, to the decay of research infrastructure needed for value-addition; low value accorded University-Industry R&I partnerships; lack of political will to make existing National Agricultural policies achieve set targets; information dearth and/or low diffusion of the available significant local agricultural R&I outcomes. Others were poor food distribution networks and very limited ACCESS to food and means of food production – land, water, animals, seeds, fertilizers, extension education, technology etcConsequent on the structural issues involved in food security: ie, the scientific challenge of enhanced productivity; the logistical and political questions of distribution; and socio-economic issues of access, robust mitigation paradigms are proposed. First, is to give full and true autonomy to Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria to effectively harness the synergies of the Universities, NARS, Research Institutes and Industries with regard to competencies, endowments (both material & intellectual) to pursue National Food Security programme without undue interference from a supervisory ministry. Also proposed, for poverty mitigation, is a Value Chain model which entails the active promotion of local content policy by government which strategically links ER& I with MSMEs for the manufacture of strategic basic agricultural equipment, foods, animal feeds, drugs/vaccines, goods and supplies with incentives such as tax holiday, low interest rates etc, provided such firms by government; substantial improvement in the power and transportation sectors, among others.
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Turnbull, Megan. "Elite Competition, Social Movements, and Election Violence in Nigeria." International Security 45, no. 3 (January 2021): 40–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00401.
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Election violence varies significantly within countries, yet how and why are undertheorized. Although existing scholarship has shown how national-level economic, institutional, and contextual factors increase a country's risk for violence during elections, these studies cannot explain why elites organize election violence in some localities but not others. An analysis of gubernatorial elections in Nigeria reveals the conditions under which elites recruit popular social-movement actors for pre-election violence. Gubernatorial elections are intensely competitive when agreements between governors and local ruling party elites over the distribution of state patronage break down. To oust their rivals and consolidate power, elites recruit popular reformist groups for pre-election violence and voter mobilization. Conversely, when local ruling-party elites are aligned over how state patronage is to be distributed, the election outcome is agreed to well in advance. In this scenario, there is little incentive to enlist social movement actors for violence. Case studies of the Ijaw Youth Council and Boko Haram provide empirical support for the argument. The theory and evidence help explain subnational variation in election violence as well as the relationship between intraparty politics and violence during elections, and speak to broader questions about political order and violence.
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Esoimeme, Ehi Eric. "A critical analysis of the anti-corruption policy of the federal executive council of Nigeria." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-06-2017-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria, to determine whether the policy is working and/or has produced unintended effects. The Federal Executive Council is the body comprising all the Ministers of the Federation, including the President and Vice President. Design/methodology/approach The analysis took the form of a desk study, which analysed various documents and reports such as the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, 2008-2016, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended), the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015, the UK’s Investigatory Powers Act, 2016, the Public Interest Disclosure and Witness Protection Bill, 2017 and the Financial Action Task Force Recommendations, 2012. Findings This paper determined that the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria could achieve its desired objectives if the following recommendations are implemented: research grants which are sent to Nigerian universities by international and corporate bodies should be exempted from the current treasury single account arrangement. This would enable universities to easily access the funds and disburse the same to qualified students. The Federal Government should follow the guidelines laid down in Section 270 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 for plea agreements. In other words, the prosecution should only offer a plea bargain to a person who has been charged with an offence. The prosecution should not receive and consider a plea bargain from a person who has not been charged with an offence. Any attempt to water down the effect of Section 270 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 may weaken the ongoing fight against corruption and money laundering because criminals will be encouraged to continue looting public funds. The Financial Action Task Force Recommendations (Recommendation 3) requires that criminal sanctions for natural persons convicted of money laundering should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The Federal Government of Nigeria should introduce a Bill to the National Assembly that would provide a clear framework for the use of investigatory powers by law enforcement, the security and intelligence agencies and other public authorities. This includes the interception of communications, the retention and acquisition of communications data, the use of equipment interference and the retention and use of bulk data by the security and intelligence agencies. The Bill must establish a number of safeguards against the arbitrary or unlawful use of investigatory powers by the executive. The UK’s Investigatory Powers Act, 2016, for example, established a number of safeguards for the retention and acquisition of communications data. Authorisations for obtaining communications data will have to set out why accessing the communications data in question is necessary in a specific investigation for a particular statutory purpose and how it is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved. A police officer who receives information from a whistleblower about money hidden in an apartment should apply to a Court or Justice of the Peace within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he/she is for the issue of a search warrant before conducting a search on the said premises. This procedure is in line with Section 143 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and the Court of Appeal decision in Hassan v. E.F.C.C. (2014) I NWLR (Pt. 1389) 607 at 625. The Public Interest Disclosure and Witness Protection Bill, 2017 should be given accelerated consideration in the House of Representatives based on its urgency and significance for the Federal Executive Council’s whistleblowers policy. Research limitations/implications This paper focusses on the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria from 29 May 2015 to 10 June 2017. It does not address the older policies. Originality/value This paper offers a critical analysis of the new anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria. The paper will provide recommendations on how the policy could be strengthened. This is the only paper to adopt this kind of approach.
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Esoimeme, Ehi Eric. "Using anti-money laundering measures to curb pension fraud in Nigeria." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2018-0126.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to curbing pension fraud in Nigeria. The approach involves the use of anti-money laundering tools, procedures and expertise to advance the fight against pension fraud in Nigeria. The guidance is non-binding and does not override the purview of the National Pension Commission. The intention is to build on the revised procedures on the processing of death benefits and to complement existing circulars and guidelines issued by the National Pension Commission, including in particular the guidelines for compliance officers. Design/methodology/approach The analysis took the form of a desk study, which analyzed various documents and reports, such as the Financial Action Task Force (2012-2018), International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation (the FATF Recommendations); the Financial Action Task Force Guidance on the Risk-Based Approach to Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: High Level Principles and Procedures; National Pension Commission Regulations for Compliance Officers; the Joint Money Laundering Steering Group Guidance for the United Kingdom Financial Sector Part I, June 2017 [Amended December 2017] and the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering Examination Manual 2014. Findings This paper determined that a strong due diligence process where the owner of the pension account and the next-of-kin/legal beneficiary are duly identified before the establishment of a business relationship is capable of reducing the risks associated with pension fraud to the barest minimum. This paper also determined that anti-money laundering measures, such as record keeping, suspicious transactions reporting, training for anti-fraud/money laundering compliance and an independent audit of systems and controls can help curb pension fraud. Research limitations/implications Pension fraud involves the use of deceit or misrepresentation in connection with a pension claim. There are many different kinds of pension fraud, but the type where the fraud is aimed at stealing a person’s pension funds is what this paper is concerned with. Originality/value Although most publications on pension fraud are focused on anti-fraud measures, this paper focuses on the anti-money laundering measures which can be used by Pension Fund Administrators to curb pension fraud.
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Peter, Ogundola Ilesanmi, Agboola Babajide Gabriel, and Usman Asipita Kehinde. "Vocational Development Initiatives for Youth Empowerment: Case of the Nigeria Secondary Schools’ Curriculum." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0024.
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The study was carried out to evaluate the Vocational Development initiatives of the Nigerian secondary education curricula introduced by the National Education Research and Development Council (NERDC). Five research questions were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The study was carried out in Kogi State. Sample for the study was 220 respondents made up of 102 male and 118 female senior secondary school students offering trade subjects. A structured questionnaire titled Vocational Development Initiatives for Youth Empowerment (VDIYE) questionnaire was developed for data collection. The questionnaire was face and content validated by three vocational education experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using the test re-test reliability method which yielded a co-efficient of 0.72. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the data collected and analyzed, it was observed that majority of respondents view trade subjects as desirable and that it prepares them adequately for future vocational career choice among other findings. Recommendations were thereafter made on ways to improve on trade subjects. This is in order to achieve the desired objectives of making secondary school graduates to be job creators and also reduce unemployment.
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Tankwanchi, Akhenaten Siankam, Amy Hagopian, and Sten H. Vermund. "International migration of health labour: monitoring the two-way flow of physicians in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (September 2019): e001566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001566.
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IntroductionAlthough health labour migration is a global phenomenon, studies have neglected the flow of health workers into low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In compliance with the data-monitoring recommendation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (Code), we estimated post-Code physician net migration (NM) in South Africa (SA), and SA’s net loss of physicians to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2010 to 2014.MethodsWe sourced data from the National Reporting Instrument reports, the OECD and the General Medical Council. Using the numbers of foreign nationals and international medical graduates (IMGs) registered in SA, and SA medical graduates registered in OECD countries (South African-trained international medical graduates (SA-IMGs)) as respective proxies for immigration and emigration, we estimated ‘NM’ as the difference between immigrant physicians and emigrant physicians and ‘net loss’ as the difference between OECD-trained IMGs and OECD-based SA-IMGs.ResultsIn 2010, SA hosted 8443 immigrant physicians, while OECD countries hosted 14 933 SA-IMGs, yielding a NM of −6490 physicians and a NM rate of −18% in SA. By 2014, SA-based immigrant physicians had increased by 4%, while SA-IMGs had decreased by −15%, halving the NM rate to −9%. SA-to-OECD estimated net loss of physicians dropped from −12 739 physicians in 2010 to −10 563 in 2014. IMGs represented 46% of 2010–2014 new registrations in SA, with the UK, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo serving as leading sources. Registrants from conflict-scarred Libya increased >100-fold. More than 3400 SA-IMGs exited OECD-based workforces.ConclusionNM is a better measure of the brain drain than simply the emigration fraction. Strengthened health personnel data management and reporting through implementation of the Code-related system of National Health Workforce Accounts will further increase our understanding of health worker mobility in LMICs, with policymakers empowered to make more informed policies to address shortage.
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Fadeyi, Oluwaseun, Petra Maresova, Ruzena Stemberkova, Micheal Afolayan, and Funminiyi Adeoye. "Perspectives of University-Industry Technology Transfer in African Emerging Economies: Evaluating the Nigerian Scenario via a Data Envelopment Approach." Social Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 13, 2019): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8100286.
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All of Africa’s emerging economies are faced with developmental challenges, which can be partly ameliorated using effective University–Industry technology transfer. While technology transfer remains at the infant stage, sparsely documented, and with no complex ongoing processes in many African societies, Universities in Africa are making efforts in University–Industry collaborations aimed at bringing significant improvements to the continent in a bid to drive national innovation and regional economic development. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the progress made so far by Nigerian Universities in technological innovation transfer, in order to suggest ways for possible future progress. To do this, crucial technology transfer resource factors (inputs), namely, the number of linkage projects funded by the “African Research Council” (ARC), consortium membership of the University’s technology transfer office, and the number of doctoral staff at the University’s technology transfer office, were checked against a set of performance measures (number of executed licenses, amount of licensing royalty income, number of spin-offs created, and the number of spin-offs created with university equity), using data envelopment analysis and multiple regression, respectively. Results suggest that Universities that possess better resource factors reported higher outputs on most of the performance indicators applied. In addition, it was observed that Universities with greater ability to effectively transfer knowledge had higher technology commercialization performance and financial sustainability. The implication of these results is that Universities in Africa need to develop in line with the technology transfer resource (input) factors suggested within this study, as this is the way to go for better performance.
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Thlakma, Richard Sunday, and John Eche Omale. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VARIOUS MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN JIBIA AND KAITA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KATSINA STATE." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10192.
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This study was conducted on an assessment of the various mitigation strategies to combat desertification in Jibia and Kaita Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. The data use includes Satellite imageries for the study such as landsat MSS of 1976, landsat TM of 1987, SPOT XS of 1995 and landsat ETM of 2006 as well as structured questionnaires. Sixty close ended copies of the Questionnaire were administered in the study. Purposive sampling method of administering questionnaires was adopted. The percentages land mass covered for each of these variables was determined and estimated in M2. literature was obtained from various agencies which were responsible for desertification control in Katsina state. It was found from the reserved forest that in 1976 the percentage of reserved forest was 2.57%. In 1987 however, it increased by 73.9% to 76.47 %. By 1995, it declined by 9.42% to 67.05% and further declined by 0.52% in 2006. Effort to combat desertification through the use of reserved forest has been quite significant over the years. Also, noticed was a declined in shelter belt from 5.91% in 1987 to 1.097% in 1995 and a shot up to 7.39% in 2006. About 37% of the respondent opined that the deforestation leads to the disappearance of trees while 33% pinioned that it leads to reduction on agricultural productivity. The major strategy adopted to combat desertification is tree planting as supported by 88% of the respondents. It found that desertification as major environmental problem of the study area has reduced drastically from 43.34% in 1976 to 1.29% in 2006. It was also revealed from this study that some organizations such as European Economic Community/Katsina State government EEC/KTSG, Katsina Afforestation Project Unit KTAPU and Local Government Councils are the major agencies that are responsible for mitigating desertification in the study area.
Keywords: Desertification, Mitigation, Afforestation, Shelterbelt and Satellite image
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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Ighoavodha, Frederick J. O. (Frederick J. Ofuafo). "International Political Economy of External Economic Dependence and Foreign Investment Policy Outputs as a Component of National Development Strategy: Nigeria 1954-1980." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331233/.
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This study examined the effects and expectations of external economic dependence on foreign investment policy outputs with particular reference to the Nigerian experience between 1954 and 1980. Three basic kinds of external economic dependence were studied: foreign investment, the penetration of the Nigerian economy by foreign capital through the agency of the multinational corporations (MNCs); foreign trade, a measure of the Nigerian economy's participation in the world market; and foreign aid (loans and grants), a measure of Nigeria's reliance on financial assistance from governments and international financial inst itutions. For the most part, the level of Nigeria's economic dependence was very high. However, economic dependency is not translated into changes in foreign investment policy in favor of the foreign investors in Nigeria as is predicted by the dependency paradigm. The Nigerian case casts doubt on the dependency paradigm as a framework for fully explaining factors that may determine foreign direct investment policy changes that occur in a less developed Third World country. In other words, the dependency paradigm has a limited explanatory power; there is a factor independent of the economic factor operating out of the control of global capitalism (the center of the center in alliance with the center of the periphery); and that factor is the political process in Nigeria. The web of the Nigerian political process involves the various aspects of its internal functioning such as the manner in which needs, interests and demands are conveyed from the individuals and groups in the country to those performing state duties. Thus, Nigerian policy makers were more influenced by those elements than pure economic considerations treated in isolation.
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Akpan, Wilson Ndarake. "Between the 'sectional' and the 'national' : oil, grassroots discontent and civic discourse in Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003082.
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This thesis examines the social character of petroleum-related grassroots struggles in Nigeria’s oil-producing region. It does this against the background of the dominant scholarly narratives that portray the struggles as: a) a disguised pursuit of an ethnic/sectional agenda, b) a 'minority rights' project, and c) a minority province’s protest against 'selective' environmental 'victimisation' by the majority ethnic nationalities. While the dominant scholarly analyses of the struggles are based on the activities of the better known activist organisations operating in the oil region, this thesis focuses primarily on the everyday 'grammar' of discontent and lived worlds of ordinary people vis-à-vis upstream petroleum operations and petroleum resource utilisation. The aim has been to gain an understanding of the forces driving community struggles in the oil region and their wider societal significance. Examined alongside the narratives of ordinary people are the legal/institutional framework for upstream petroleum operations and the operational practices of the oil-producing companies. Using primary data obtained through ethnography, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and visual sociology, as well as relevant secondary data, the researcher constructs a discourse matrix, showing how grassroots narratives in selected oilproducing communities intersect with contemporary civic discourses in the wider Nigerian context. The thesis highlights the theoretical and policy difficulties that arise when the social basis of petroleum-related grassroots struggles and ordinary people’s narratives are explained using an essentialist idiom. It reveals, above all, the conditions under which so-called 'locale-specific' struggles in a multi-ethnic, oil-rich African country can become a campaign for the emancipation of ordinary people in the wider society. This research extends the existing knowledge on citizen mobilisation, extractive capitalism, transnational corporate behaviour, and Nigeria’s contemporary development predicament. It sheds light on some of the processes through which ordinary people are forcing upon the state a change agenda that could drive the country along a more socially sensitive development and democratisation trajectory.
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Richards, Darlington Chikwem. "Military governments and economic development : a case study of Nigeria from 1960-2000." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20275/.
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Through a study of the history and performance of successive military regimes, this thesis examines the role of military governments in economic development, particularly the creation of a market-enabling environment in Nigeria. The key question underlying this research is: did the policies formulated and implemented by the different military governments accelerate or decelerate economic, and concomitantly markets developments in Nigeria? Essentially, an evaluation of the military governments (1966-1999), is undertaken to determine the nature of the linkage, if any, between regimes and economic and market development policies. Also evaluated are two civilian governments within the relevant period, and only as a reference point to more effectively identify the military's role in economic development. Regime profile outlines the scope and economic effects of policies; case studies of the individual regimes illustrate the underlying reasons for economic underperformance. Measured in real terms and relative to its contribution to the welfare of the average citizen, the study shows that successive military governments' relative economic development achievements are not commensurate with the magnitude of resources expended. Indeed that the decades of military regimes have not seen, in real terms, any significant improvements in the distribution of national income and wealth. Indications also are that the military structure and its paternalistic policy accommodation account for much of the pervasive corruption found all through the regimes. Also identified is the role of the institutional civil service in policy formulation and implementation.
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Chidi, Nwauba Prince Eze [Verfasser]. "Foreign Direct Investment. A Panacea to National Economic Development in Nigeria? / Prince Eze Chidi Nwauba." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121633174X/34.
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Adetiba, Toyin Cotties. "Ethnic conflict in Nigeria: a challenge to inclusive social and political development." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006955.
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The question of ethnicity has been one of the most topical subjects of study by social scientists. The controversies around this phenomenon seem to have been heated up by the high visibility of mobilized and politicized ethnic groups in most multi-ethnic states. Therefore, the extent to which ethnic nationalities are able to effectively manage the interplay of ethnic differences determines to what extent a multi-ethnic nation develops without crisis. Historically Nigeria has come a long way from multi-ethnic entity with political differences and background to the amalgamation of 1914 till the present structure of thirty-six states. Ethnicity, no doubt has contributed immensely to ethnic conflicts in Nigeria because of long standing revulsion or resentments towards ethnic groups different from one’s own or fear of domination which can as well lead ethnic groups to resort to violence as a means to protect and preserve the existing ethnic groups. Significantly ethnicity in Nigeria, is a product inequality among the various ethnic groups orchestrated by a long period of colonialism; a period which witnessed the ascendancy of three major ethnic groups to the socio-political domination of other ethnic groups and a period when the three major ethnic groups were used as a pedestal for the distribution of socio-political goods, resulting in the inability of other ethnic groups to access these socio-political goods. This situation has continued to impact negatively on the forces of national integration and cohesion in ethnically divided Nigeria. Considering the relationship between ethnicity and development; socio-political exclusion is not only ethically dangerous to development but also economically unproductive. It deprives groups and individuals of the opportunity for the necessary development that can be beneficial to the society. Thus, it is important to develop an integrative socio-political frame-work that explicitly recognizes the participatory role of every ethnic group in governance. Hence, there is a need for the adoption of inclusive governance to manage ethnicity in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, ethnic conflict still persists and an attempt will be made in this study to identify the reasons. Central to socio-political sustainability in Nigeria is a system that should recognize that differences are important to development and encompass notions of equality. Such a system should acknowledge the socio-political and economic power of every ethnic group and promote a system devoid of ethnocentric and exclusionary socio-political and economic policies.
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Anyanwu, Ogechi Emmanuel. "THE POLICIES AND POLITICS OF MASSIFICATION OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA, 1952-2000." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1159589539.
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Evusa, Juliet Emali. "Information communication technologies as tools for socio-economic and political development the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) Huruma Community Telecentre as a case study /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1126819224.
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Evusa, Juliet E. "Information Communication Technologies as Tools for Socio-economic and Political Development: The National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) Huruma Community Telecenter as a Case Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1126819224.
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Tshifularo, Rembuluwani Justice. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the workplace challenge programme in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86163.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Globalisation calls for countries to focus on putting programmes together that seek to improve productivity and competitiveness of enterprises as the only reliable shield against the ever increasing global competition. It is against this background that the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC) of South Africa conceived the Workplace Challenge Programme to help meet the challenge of South Africa‟s re-entry into the global market and the need for companies to become more productive and competitive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Workplace Challenge Programme whose objective is to improve productivity and competitiveness of participating firms. The target population for the study was made up of firms who were within the twenty four months implementation period of the Workplace Challenge Programme during December 2010 when the study was conducted. The entire sample frame was targeted because of the manageable size of the number of companies in Workplace Challenge implementation phase. A response rate of 50 per cent was achieved and considered adequate for the purpose of drawing meaningful inference when compared to other survey results. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel in conjunction with the productivity model which looked at the relationship between goods and services produced and resources used to produce them. The results clearly endorsed the Workplace Challenge Programme as an effective programme that is achieving its primary mandate of improving productivity and competitiveness of participating firms. The Workplace Challenge Programme deserves to be strengthened and expanded to reach even more firms within the South African economy since literature has shown that improving productivity and competitiveness is at the core of improving citizens‟ quality of lives.
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Ebobrah, Solomon Tamarabrakemi. "Towards effective realisation of the right to a satisfactory environment in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: a case for domestic horizontal application." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1210.
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"Although the African Commission recognised that non-state actors (in this case the transnational corporations (TNCs)) contributed to the violations that prompted the SERAC communication, it failed to hold the TNCs accountable for the violations. The Commission rather held the state party responsible [for] failing to prevent the violations in its territory. The reason for the failure of the Commission to hold the non-state actor accountable is obvious. As Anderson has noted, 'conventional jurisprudence contends that human rights are enforceable only against the acts of omissions of the state rather than the acts of private entities'. Consequently, especially in international fora, violations by non-state actors have gone largely unaccoutned for. Hence, commentators have argued in favour of seeking an appropriate regime for holding non-state actors accountable for such violations, some arguing for horizontal application at international fora. However, non-state actors lack the status to allow Charter institutions exercise jurisdiction over them. This leaves the option of domestic systems as fora for their accountability. Thus, the emerging principle of horizontal applicability of human rights in domestic jurisdictions and the assumption of independent judiciaries provide the premises for this study. ... Chapter 1 contains a general overview of the study. In Chapter 2, the essay examines the scope and content of the right to a satisfactory environment as contained in the African Charter. Chapter 3 examines the existing framework for the realisation of the right to a satisfactory environment under the African Charter. The SERAC case is considered briefly in this chapter as an example of the difficulty to arrest non-state actor violations in the existing framework. Chapter 4 presents the case for horizontal application of article 24 of the African Charter at the domestic level as a complimentary approach to realisation of the right. The debate on horizontal applicability of human rights is highlighted to show that it is not yet widely accepted but it is presented as a basis for this option. The recent Nigerian case of Gbemre v SPDC is examined as an example of the possibility of horizontal applicaton of the article 24 right in a domestic tribunal. Chapter 5 summarises the conclusions from the study and makes recommendations in support of applying the African Charter based right horizontally in domestic courts." -- Introduction.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
LLM
Books on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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Commission, Nigeria National Population. Presentation on the 2010 Nigeria education data survey (NEDS) results: To the National Economic Council. Abuja, Nigeria: National Population Commission, 2011.
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Conference, World Energy Council Nigerian National Committee. Energy pricing and national development: Conference proceedings, the Nigerian National Committee of The World Energy Council, held on 19-21 May, 1993, at Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Ikoyi, Lagos: Gilspar, 1993.
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Onagoruwa, Bolande. Nigerian power sector reforms and privatisation: A presentation to the National Economic Council. Nigeria: Bureau of Public Enterprises, 2011.
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Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. Delivering affordable housing & mortgage financing in Nigeria: The role, achievements, challenges & strategies of FMBN : presentation to the National Economic Council (NEC) on the role, strategies and achievements of the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN). Abuja [Nigeria]: Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria, 2012.
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Nigeria, Central Bank of. Report of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to the National Economic Council (NEC) on the activities of the N200 billion Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS), September, 2011. Abuja, Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria, 2011.
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(Nigeria), National Economic Council. Transforming Nigeria's agricultural landscape through NIRSAL: Presentation to the National Economic Council (NEC), 22nd June 2011. Abuja, Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Incentive Based Risk Sharing for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), 2011.
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Nigeria. President (1993-1998 : Abacha). Address by the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, General Sani Abacha, GCON: At the launching of Vision 2010 Report, Thursday, November 27, 1997, and the inauguration of the National Council of Nigerian Vision, Friday, November 28, 1997. [Abuja: Produced and distributed by National Orientation Agency, 1997.
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Abdullahi, Shehu Umar. The role of the legislature and the international community in national re-birth. [Nigeria: s.n.], 2000.
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Okigbo, P. N. C. National development planning in Nigeria, 1900-1992. London: J. Curry, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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Yagboyaju, Dhikru A. "Food and National Security in Nigeria: A Study of the Interconnections." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 29–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78701-5_3.
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Ayinde, Taiwo B., Benjamin Ahmed, and Charles F. Nicholson. "Farm-Level Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Reductions for the Predominant Production Systems in Northern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 875–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_4.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different economic sectors in Nigeria and emphasizes those arising from agriculture and forestry. The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in Nigeria are likely to be large, motivating the need for additional knowledge to assess current practices and formulate appropriate modifications for both mitigation and adaptation. Some current farming practices are believed to be adaptive, but further study would provide better assessments. We also analyzed the trade-offs between household income and GHG emissions at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. A farm optimization model maximizing the value of crop, livestock, and tree production activities in a single representative year assessed the potential impacts for GHG reductions of 10% and 25% and the maximum allowable reductions of 26% and 30% on farm activities and income. Emissions reductions of 10% reduced annual household incomes by less than 5% but required substantive changes, especially in livestock owned. Maximum possible GHG emissions reductions (while still meeting minimum household consumption needs) would require marked changes in production pattern and would lower household incomes by 22–44%. We did not assess effects over longer periods, where the role of livestock as a key asset may imply additional negative impacts. Productivity-enhancing technologies that would simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and increase incomes are needed for smallholder farms to play a larger role in climate change mitigation without the burden of reduced incomes and greater risk. This suggests the need for programmatic and policy actions both by national agricultural research systems and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
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Peters, Michael A., and Tina Besley. "Contesting the Neoliberal Discourse of the World Class University: ‘Digital Socialism’, Openness and Academic Publishing." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 235–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_14.
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AbstractThe principal aim of this paper is to contest the neoliberal discourse of the World Class University (WCU). The first section provides an understanding of the concept of the WCU within the context of a global competitive model of the knowledge economy and contrasts it with the social-democratic model based on open science and education that also provides links between new modes of openness, academic publishing and the world journal architecture. The paper makes the case for ‘knowledge socialism’ that accurately depicts the greater communitarian moment of the sharing and participative academic economy based on peer-to-peer production, social innovation and collective intelligence. It instantiates the notion of knowledge as a global public good. Profound changes in the nature of technology has enabled a kind of ‘digital socialism’ which is clearly evident in the shift in political economy of academic publishing based Open Access, cOAlition S, and ‘Plan S’ (mandated in 2020) established by national research funding organisations in Europe with the support of the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC). The social democratic alternative to neoliberalism and the WCU is a form of the sharing academic economy known as ‘knowledge socialism’. Universities need to share knowledge in the search for effective responses to pressing world problems of fragile global ecologies and the growing significance of technological unemployment. This is a model that proceeds from a very different set of economic and moral assumptions than the neoliberal knowledge economy and the WCU.
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"5: ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN SINGAPORE." In Singapore's National Wages Council, 117–24. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525756_0005.
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"4: SINGAPORE AND THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS." In Singapore's National Wages Council, 97–116. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525756_0004.
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Adedeji, Adebayo. "NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES IN AFRICA: EGYPT, KENYA, AND NIGERIA AS CASE STUDIES." In National Economic Policies, 277–305. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-98692-4.50013-0.
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"22: POSTSCRIPT ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION, ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND FULL EMPLOYMENT." In Singapore's National Wages Council, 381–88. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525756_0022.
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"2: INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND EXPORTABILITY OF THE NWC MODEL." In Singapore's National Wages Council, 39–66. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525756_0002.
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"20: DOES SINGAPORE NEED ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING 2 OR ANOTHER ‘WAGE REVOLUTION’?" In Singapore's National Wages Council, 357–68. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814525756_0020.
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Forrest, Tom. "Structural Adjustment and National Accumulation." In Politics and Economic Development in Nigeria, 207–29. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429302367-10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, René Delgado Rendón, Emilio Hernández Martínez, Felipe Noh Pat, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega, and María Cristina Castañón Bautista. "Evaluation of Wave Energy in the Pacific Ocean for Baja California State in Mexico." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52857.
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According to the World Energy Council (WEC) the estimated energy of the wave power in the world is in the range of 8,000 to 80,000 TWh/year to depths of 100 meters or higher and actually the utilization of wave energy resource it is possible because it has been implemented in countries like Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal and Colombia evaluating different types of marine technologies that take the advantage of the kinetic energy in the ocean waves. Mexico according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEGI) has a land area of 1,972,550 km2 of which has a coastline of 11,150 km having potential for the use of their coasts. Baja California with a land area of 71,445 km2 (3.6% of the country) is located on a peninsula in northwest Mexico and has 720 km of coastline on the Pacific Ocean (6.4% nationally) with a range of depths of 25.6 m to 650 m at a distance of the coastline of 15 km, which makes it suitable to evaluate the use of wave energy at local sites. With the completion of this work will contribute to the characterization of the sites that will present the best technical and economic conditions for its implementation, considering the physical characteristics of the site as well as connection points on the transmission lines operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). For the preparation of this study was carried out in three stages: a) Site Selection, b) Evaluation of Wave Energy and c) Economic evaluation of sites using RETScreen. Based on the characteristics of the coast of Baja California the results obtained are the following: 1) 18 sites were selected with a sea depth averaged of 50 m, the annual density power was 7.5 kW/m, this represents a potential of 210 MW considering an average length of 2 km in each site, 2) The economic evaluation of this type of project was for a period of 30 years in RETScreen, considers an annual inflation rate of 5% and obtains an investment cost of 9,538 US $/kW for this type of generation. We conclude that this source of energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the generation of electricity in the state of Baja California diversifying the energetic matrix state by the use of clean and renewable sources, which represents an investment opportunity between the public and private sector.
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Perwitasari, Intan. "Role of National Council for Aeronautic and Space of Republic Indonesia (Depanri) from Institutional Economic Perspectives." In The 2nd International Conference on Inclusive Business in the Changing World. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008435507020708.
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Egbeyemi, Abdurrafii, Amobichukwu Jude Eke, and Aminu Abba Yahaya. "Examining the Carbon Trading Potential in Nigerian Oil Fields." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207100-ms.
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Abstract Nigeria holds reserves circa 200 TCF of gas, the largest gas reserve in Africa. With this comes the challenge of managing the environmental impacts of flaring associated with oil production. The Federal Government of Nigeria in recognition of the urgency to address the growing environmental concerns attending gas flaring in Nigeria and response to its commitment made further to the endorsement of UNFCC's Paris Agreement and the Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 initiative by the World Bank declared a national flare out target of 2020. In 2016, the Federal Executive Council approved the implementation of the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme (NGFCP) which was the flagship programme for the implementation of the Government's flare-out policy. The programme seeks to, via a competitive and transparent bid process, grant the right to access the gas at the flare-stack. The issues of relevance to this study include – The development and subsequent enactment of new regulations guiding the treatment of flare gas in Nigerian oilfields – The regulations implemented a new flare payment regime adopting the polluter pays principle which internalized to a significant extent the environmental cost of flaring thereby motivating a behavioral change by operators. Also, the recognition of the carbon benefits that will follow the implementation of projects under the NGFCP and the stance of the government that any such benefits will be vested in the state. This study examines the carbon trading potentials of flare gas in Nigeria. This is key because players in the sector now seek all revenue opportunities that accrue to the implementation of flare down/ out project. In doing so, Carbon benefits now feature among potential revenue streams. This study models several composition scenarios to quantify the extent (if any) of any such benefits. The study also examines gas use cases and their carbon sequestration potentials to create a realistic band estimating the carbon benefits that will emanate from all use scenarios.
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Hurajt, Marek, and Alena Novák Sedláčková. "Approach to economic regulation of airports in europe." In Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.12.
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This paper focuses on the economic regulation of airports in Central Europe and in the world, but also focuses in detail on the method of implementing economic regulation in the Slovak Republic, which results from the transposition of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges. The introductory part of the paper explains in detail the theory needed for a comprehensive understanding of this task, such as the basic characteristics of the airport and the economics of airports. Due to need for a comprehensive solution to the topic, the airport was examined from an operational point of view, and for the purpose of determining the scope of regulation, the paper also focuses on the characteristics of aviation and non-aviation activities. Paper characterizes the various approaches to economic regulation of airports in selected countries of the world and the countries of Central Europe, where we focused on the forms and scope of regulation, as well as in the case of EU Member States on the implementation of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on airport charges into national legislation. The most important part of the work a comprehensive summary of the approach to the economic regulation of airports in the Slovak Republic from its onset to the present with an indication of the legislation that regulates it. At the same time, the paper points out possible options of changes in the set system, which are benefits of the paper. Paper uses research methods such as analysis, comparison, and abstraction, as well as graphs, figures, and tables, which facilitate the understanding of the task and the researched issue.
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Adegun, Adedamola, and Femi Rufai. "The Commercial Potentials of Underground Natural Gas Storage in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207149-ms.
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Abstract Nigeria is the 2nd biggest natural gas producer in Africa, with much of it exported as LNG, some re-injected while a small fraction serves the domestic market. The volume supplied to the domestic market plays an outsized role in the energy mix and economy of Nigeria with over 90% supplied to thermal power plants and industrial clusters. As huge upstream gas projects continue to take Final Investment Decision, pipeline takeaway capacity grows and demand increases, the dependence on natural gas and preponderance in the energy mix will likely persist. Natural gas is the present and future of Nigeria's energy needs. The domestic gas industry is evolving but has been fraught with challenges. Oil and gas infrastructure are often disrupted and production shut-in, mostly triggered by infrastructure unavailablity, environmental concerns and prioritisation of hydro power generation during River Niger's white and black floods, all of which come at a cost to upstream producers. Gas producers are often compelled to curtail production of gas plants (associated and non-associated) to avoid environmental disasters and prohibitive gas flare penalties. Can underground gas storage (UGS) be an opportunity for gas producers to guarantee continued operations during disruptions and provide buffer for national strategic benefits? This paper seeks to explore the potential technical and economic dynamics of underground natural gas storage in Nigeria in the context of extant technical regulations, seasonal demand variations, gas flare penalties and local operating environment. The paper presents types of underground storages and recommends the most suitable, considers options for optimal location of UGS in Nigeria and undertakes an economic evaluation of a UGS project. The findings are further presented alongside the critical technical, regulatory and fiscal factors that may facilitate future investments and growth of underground gas storage in Nigeria.
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Fagbenle, R. ‘Layi, M. T. Oladiran, and T. I. Oyedemi. "The Potential Generating Capacity of PV-Clad Residential and Commercial Buildings in Nigeria." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44232.
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Nigeria’s grid electricity supply of 5.881 GW installed capacity in the period 1994–1997 has experienced a sharp decline over the past five years to about 3 GW by 2002, even as electricity demand has grown due to population pressures, industrialization, and urban migration. Indeed the present situation is a near total collapse of the state power utility services, as total prolonged blackouts have been commonplace throughout the country in the past couple of years, and the situation may grow much worse unless significant shift in energy policy and investment takes place urgently. Diversification of energy sources to reduce the overt increasing dependence on fossil fuel generation and a shift towards renewable energy generation, particularly solar photovoltaic electricity, is a highly desirable policy shift. Among the gains would be reduced carbon emission into the environment and reduced transmission and distribution losses due to the possibility of decentralized generation and localized use of solar photovoltaic electricity. This paper examines the use of decentralized and gridconnected solar PV in building cladding as a pragmatic solution to the current power problems of Nigeria. The results of an ongoing investigation of the potential generating capacity of stand-alone and grid-connected solar PV cladding on residential and commercial buildings in Nigeria. An economic analysis of the proposed system is also considered as well as suggestions on financing. The cost of electricity from the proposed solar PV-clad buildings, calculated using an assumed 8% discount rate and a 25-year life expectancy was found to be significantly higher, in the double digits, than the present national tariff. Thus, novel financing schemes required are examined in the paper.
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Li, Huimin. "Africa Petroleum Fiscal Evolvement and Impacts on Foreign Investment: Illustrations from Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2567973-ms.
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ABSTRACT With plenty of latest discoveries witnessed from East Africa, the petroleum atlas reshaping is expected where some new faces (e.g. Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, etc.) may play emergent roles besides traditional oil countries in Africa. Due to general lack of infrastructure construction and capital investment, it still need some time for large-scale commercial production and the involvement of international oil companies is indispensable in the process. Dramatic price drop has tremendously stricken both governments and international oil companies (IOC) in oil-producing countries since 2014. The effectiveness in which governments and IOCs adjust to this reality will determine the extent and the pace of future development of these countries’ oil sectors. Most IOCs were struggling to cut capital expenditure and control operating cost to survive, and how to maintain and attract investment is regarded as huge challenges by many governments in the downward scenario. Apart from resource factors, petroleum fiscal terms are one of the key factors in the investment decision for IOCs. The attractiveness of fiscal contracts has a fundamental effect on profitability of petroleum projects, and thus an important indicator for evaluating investment feasibility in the country. The paper gives an overview on fiscal transformation in most Africa oil countries, some of them were trying to increase government share in oil profits to support social expenditures, and others have provided fiscal incentives to absorb further investment in the oil sector. It shows that fiscal policies in the countries where national economy relies more on oil revenues are less stable during the past decade. Some upstream projects in Nigeria are illustrated to show the impacts of different contract terms on economic benefits. Thus with new government's coming into power, most IOCs are holding back further investment and expecting negotiation with the authorities for confirmation on fiscal terms applied in their assets to avoid potential contractual risks, like PIB, Side letter, etc. The implications regarding petroleum regime are summarized based on the experience from Nigeria for emerging countries in East Africa, relatively stable fiscal policy with some incentives to encourage exploration activities would be helpful to petroleum industry. Lastly, investment suggestions are presented with priorities to promote business development in the area.
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Norman, Michael D. "The Relationship Between ISO 9000 and PED Quality Modules." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1793.
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The Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) [PED] was adopted by the European Parliament and the European Council in May 1997. Following a two-and-a-half year transition phase, the PED became mandatory on May 29, 2002. Its purpose is to harmonize national laws of Member States regarding the design, manufacture, testing and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and their assemblies, and thus ensure the free placing on the market and putting into service of pressure equipment within the European Economic Area.
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Onabanjo, Tosin, and Giuseppina Di Lorenzo. "Energy Efficiency and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Jatropha for Energy in Nigeria: A “Well-to-Wheel” Perspective." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49654.
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There is a large imbalance between demand and supply of energy in Nigeria, with inefficient power supply being the country’s greatest economic bane. Aside energy crisis, fuel is a luxurious commodity and petroleum diesel is the predominant fuel for power generation, particularly in the industrial sector. As a result, the country suffers from forced power outages, and persistent black out while residents and industries are forced to depend on self-generated electricity. These have notably reduced industrialization and increased environmental pollution across the country. This paper proposes the use of Jatropha biodiesel as a substitute fuel to petroleum diesel. It examines the energy efficiency and environmental life cycle impact of the production and use of 1MJ of Jatropha biodiesel in a typical 126 MW (ISO rating) industrial gas turbine power plant with multi-fuel capability using life cycle assessment methodologies and principles. A net energy ratio of 2.37, 1.54, and 1.32 and fossil fuel savings of 58%, 36% and 27% were achievable under three farming system scenarios: a) base-case rain-fed, b) base-case irrigated and c) large scale farming system. Also, an environmental benefit with GHG savings of 19% was attainable under the three farming scenarios. The results demonstrate that the contribution of GHGs and effect on climate change is most significant with the end use of the fuel. It also highlights the importance of clear definition of the reference system which should be indicative of the local production system and comparative to the system under study. A favourable business and economic climate driven by demand is proposed for Independent Power Producer (IPP) to generate power for off-grid users instead of generating power for the national grid using a decentralized Jatropha biodiesel production system coupled to waste to energy technologies. This could significantly improve the energy situation; diversify the energy generation mix and fuel supply in Nigeria, especially for small-scale businesses and the rural population.
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JAYATUNGE, D. A. S. R., A. P. K. D. MENDIS, and VIJITHA DISARATNA. "SUFFICIENCY OF THE POLICIES RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.15.
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Public policy on construction will reflect the economic, political, social, and cultural status of Sri Lanka. The construction industry in Sri Lanka has faced many issues in the recent past because of unsuccessful government policies. Therefore, an effective national policy for the construction industry has become necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the existing construction policies. The empirical data required were collected by interviewing ten experts, who were selected using snowball sampling. The collected data were manually analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the National Policy on Construction (NPC), formulated by the National Advisory Council on Construction, which was set up under the Construction Industry Development Act No. 33 of 2014, is the only construction policy that has been formulated in Sri Lanka so far. NPC contains eighteen (18) policies applied for both the public and private sectors. Although according to the literature, policies in Sri Lanka change along with the change of governments, the study revealed that NPC, which has remained unchanged since its formulation in 2014, is still applicable in the country.
Reports on the topic "National Economic Council (Nigeria)"
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.