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Koichumanova, Nurgul, and Zamira Abdukarimova. "SEARCH FOR BEST PRACTICES IN MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION (DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILINGUAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS)." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.193.03.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact that in 2008 in the Kyrgyz Republic was adopted the Concept of multilingual and multicultural education, in 2014 was adopted the National Program for the Development of the State Language and improving the language policy in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2014-2020, there are currently no cardinal changes in expanding the spheres of use of the state language, primarily in public administration, paperwork and professional communication, as well as in higher education. Kyrgyz language insufficiently applied in the fields of economics, education, science and in the training of specialists.
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Cowie, Robert L., Lisa Cicutto, and Louis-Philippe Boulet. "Asthma Education and Management Programs in Canada." Canadian Respiratory Journal 8, no. 6 (2001): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/163629.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish the number and type of asthma patient education programs throughout Canada.DESIGN: National survey.SETTING: Canada.METHODS: Over a three-year period, contact was made with individuals and groups offering educational services for patients with asthma. Education given as part of a physician's consultation or a pharmacist's dispensing of medications for asthma was not considered a patient education program for the purposes of the survey. Contact was initially established by asking staff from well known asthma programs to provide lists of other such programs in their provinces or regions. Asthma programs were also identified from notices presented at Canada's Third and Fourth National Conferences on Asthma and Education. Lung associations, lay organizations and industry representatives affiliated with the Canadian Network for Asthma Care helped to supplement the list. Once identified, each patient education program was contacted by telephone and by mail to complete a 26-item questionnaire about their program. The province of Quebec was not included in the survey because it already had a province-wide, structured asthma education program and register.RESULTS: Seventy-four asthma education and management programs were identified outside Quebec. Staff in these programs were registered nurses (n=46), respiratory therapists (n=48) and other health professionals (n=21). Forty-one programs stated that at least one member of their staff had been trained as an asthma educator. In 71 programs, the initial patient encounter was of at least one hour's duration. Physician referral was required by 41 programs. The province of Quebec has a joint asthma education program provided by 114 asthma education centres throughout the province under the umbrella of the Quebec Asthma Education Network (QAEN). This comprehensive program is provided in hospitals and community centres by specialized educators - nurses, pharmacists or respiratory therapists - to patients referred by their physicians.CONCLUSIONS: A three-year search for asthma education programs in Canada identified 74 patient education programs (outside Quebec) for an asthma population estimated to exceed 1.2 million. For the province of Quebec, an integrated asthma education program is provided through a network of 114 education centres - the QAEN. The present survey shows that there has been progress in establishing asthma education programs in Canada, although there are significant regional differences in the availability of such programs.
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Yunita Murdiyaningrum and Novrian Satria Perdana. "Operational Cost Requirements Analysis in Early Childhood Education." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.141.05.
Full textAbstract:
The government is attempting to obtain the access of Early Childhood Education pro- grams providing educational assistance. Unfortunately, the government has spent funds to calculate the unit costs that should not occur in the real world of education. In consequence, the aims of this study are to (1) calculate the amount of operational unit costs for Early Childhood Education pro- grams, and (2) enumerate variations and projections of the amount of the operational unit costs in Early Childhood Education programs by region category. This study uses quantitative data with pop- ulation of all Early Childhood Education institutions in Indonesia. The unit of analysis of this re- search is Early Childhood Education institutions consisting of kindergarten, Playgroup, Daycare, and ECCD units. The findings are that the highest operating unit cost is in TPA because there is a full day of service. Next is a Kindergarten institution because at this institution already has a special curriculum to prepare the child proceed to the level of basic education. Then the unit cost is the highest area in the eastern region. Recommendation in determining the amount of financial assistance it is necessary to consider the amount of operational unit costs so that the purpose of providing fi- nancial assistance is to improve access and quality can be achieved.
Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Operational Unit Cost, Fund Aid
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Boričić, Katarina. "Education of health care professionals, health associates and expert associates on gender-based violence." PONS - medicinski casopis 17, no. 1 (2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pomc17-24352.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of accredited education on the topic of gender-based violence to health care professionals, health and professional associates in the Republic of Serbia. Methods. A search of a database of accredited continuing education programs published on the website of the Health Council of the Republic of Serbia for the period between January 2010 and July 2019. identified programs using the keywords "violence", "family" "gender-based". The ch2 test was used to examine the differences between the independent variables versus the dependent variable. Results. This study showed that two thirds of the training was intended for health care professionals, only while health care workers, health and professional associates were allocated for every seventh education. If the type of institution is observed, it can be noticed that twice as many programs are accredited by civil society organizations in relation to the number of programs accredited by health institutions. Considering the time period in which the programs are accredited, a trend of increasing number of programs can be observed. Among the accredited programs, national courses accounted for 42.6% of the accredited programs while every other program was free. There is a statistically significant difference between educations organized by different types of institutions in relation to the type and cost of education. Conclusion. Although in the observed period there is an increasing trend in the number of accredited programs dealing with gender-based violence, there is still room to improve the quality of continuing education in terms of increasing the number of trainings with an interactive method of work, trainings aimed at different profiles of health professionals and health and professional associates, as well as free on line trainings.
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DJATMIKO, Andreas Andrie. "IMPROVEMENT OF NATIONALISM REFLECTED IN PANCASILA'S 3rd SILA THROUGH THE ART OF REOG KENDHANG." DISEMINASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/diseminasi.v1i2.959.2019.
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Community Service is one of the programs that are needed by the community today. This is done as an effort to respond to the needs of the community and is real program and realistic, especially in the fields of education, social, economic and cultural. Community Service Program is a program that is learning, studying and serving that is realized in the form of introduction and appreciation of community development through the clarity of planned change programs and problem solving methods regarding the ability to choose and use the right skills.
A big nation is a nation that wants to respect its culture. Indonesia has a diversity of cultures that are characteristic and assets of the Indonesian nation. But most of the younger generation has forgotten a lot of the culture of the nation. The tendency of the younger generation now prefers outside cultures and many younger generations are less able to sort out most of which have negative impacts rather than a positive impact on themselves and others as well as the environment. There is a need for character education so that the younger generation can be relied upon in the future according to the nation's culture, such as being responsible for mutual cooperation, mutual assistance and good manners.
Reog Kendhang's art proves that local culture can increase the sense of community nationalism and be able to become social controls so as not to fall into bad lifestyle. The formation of a national culture that can truly reunite all components of the nation's culture, therefore it is necessary to have a deeper introduction to history and cultural heritage in search of the identity of a pluralistic Indonesian society.
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DJATMIKO, Andreas Andrie. "IMPROVEMENT OF NATIONALISM REFLECTED IN PANCASILA'S 3rd SILA THROUGH THE ART OF REOG KENDHANG." Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/diseminasiabdimas.v1i2.524.
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Community Service is one of the programs that are needed by the community today. This is done as an effort to respond to the needs of the community and is real program and realistic, especially in the fields of education, social, economic and cultural. Community Service Program is a program that is learning, studying and serving that is realized in the form of introduction and appreciation of community development through the clarity of planned change programs and problem solving methods regarding the ability to choose and use the right skills.
A big nation is a nation that wants to respect its culture. Indonesia has a diversity of cultures that are characteristic and assets of the Indonesian nation. But most of the younger generation has forgotten a lot of the culture of the nation. The tendency of the younger generation now prefers outside cultures and many younger generations are less able to sort out most of which have negative impacts rather than a positive impact on themselves and others as well as the environment. There is a need for character education so that the younger generation can be relied upon in the future according to the nation's culture, such as being responsible for mutual cooperation, mutual assistance and good manners.
Reog Kendhang's art proves that local culture can increase the sense of community nationalism and be able to become social controls so as not to fall into bad lifestyle. The formation of a national culture that can truly reunite all components of the nation's culture, therefore it is necessary to have a deeper introduction to history and cultural heritage in search of the identity of a pluralistic Indonesian society.
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Zorfass, Judith, Jennifer Dorsen, and Caitlin Feeley. "How ScienceQuest Ensures Success for All." Journal of Youth Development 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.337.
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Informal educational programs that reach out to minority youth in low-income urban areas need to anticipate diversity. Not only will participants exhibit a range of abilities and needs, but some, just like in any population, are likely to have learning disabilities. ScienceQuest, an informal science education program funded by the National Science Foundation, was designed to ensure that youth aged 10 to 14 with diverse abilities and needs, including learning disabilities, can successfully participate and succeed in inquiry-based learning. The program uses the I-Search curriculum as the basis of its inquiry process. Embedded in this curriculum are the following inclusive practices: youth are motivated to explore their topic; they use varied media that supports their learning styles; they are guided to process information through multiple means; and they have access to technology tools. These ongoing inclusive practices ensure that everyone successfully explores the world around them.
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Hidayat, Levita, Charnicia E. Huggins, Veena Venugopalan, and Evangelina Berrios-Colon. "Preparing Students to Enter the Race for Postgraduate Training." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190016645033.
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Purpose: Exposure of pharmacy students to postgraduate training prior to clinical practice is currently endorsed by national professional organizations. To meet this goal, colleges and schools of pharmacy are developing residency preparation programs. In this descriptive report, we review published studies of curricular activities and structured programs from academic institutions across the United States aimed at preparing students for residency training and promoting postgraduate education. Additionally, we discuss our experience developing a residency preparation program at Touro College of Pharmacy (TCOP). Summary: A literature search yielded 15 residency preparation programs. While the format, content, and length of programs varied, there were common components such as curriculum vitae critique, mock interviews, and focused sessions on the residency application process. At TCOP, a 5-themed residency preparation workshop series was implemented during the third and fourth academic year. The workshops were modeled after existing programs and included several of the core components. One feature unique to the TCOP program was the addition of multiple mock interviews. Conclusion: The growing focus on residency training has led to increased competition among applicants. To better prepare students for this rigorous application and interview process, development of structured residency preparation programs, similar to TCOP’s, should be encouraged.
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Lamarine, Roland J. "School Drug Education Programming: In Search of a New Direction." Journal of Drug Education 23, no. 4 (December 1993): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0k63-p0ac-cdq0-whvv.
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School drug abuse prevention programs represent an enormous educational resource. Recent perceptions of an epidemic of drug abuse among the nation's youth have fueled the escalation in expenditures for drug prevention programming. An important question that needs to be addressed concerns whether broad ranging drug education efforts directed at all public and private school students are efficient and effective uses of available resources? After a brief survey of the evolution of drug education programming in the U.S., this article examines recent longitudinal research regarding the antecedents of drug abuse among young people. Based on this research, suggestions are made for a new approach to drug education programs which would direct intensive interventions at the minority of youth who are identifiable in early childhood as particularly susceptible to problems with drug abuse.
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Hunter, Kimberly Anne, and Ben Thomson. "A scoping review of social determinants of health curricula in post-graduate medical education." Canadian Medical Education Journal 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2019): e61-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.61709.
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Social determinants of health are responsible for 50% of ill health. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada CanMEDS role of “physician advocate” requires physicians to attain competency in this particular domain, but physician trainees feel this is not well covered in their training programs. This study performed a scoping review of social determinants of health curricula that had been described, implemented and evaluated in post-graduate medical education. A search using MEDLINE(OvidSP) database, with search terms “residency,” ”curriculum,” and “social determinants” with no age, language, and publication date restrictions was done.Researchers identified a total of 12 studies, all from the United States, in internal medicine (n=4), pediatrics (n=4), family medicine (n=2), or multiple (n=2) residency programs. Most curricula (n=8, 67%), were longitudinal, and most contained both patient or community exposure (n=11, 92%) and/or classroom-based components (n=10, 83%). Most (78%) curricula improved participant related outcomes, including exam performance, awareness regarding personal practice, confidence, improved screening for social determinants of health and referral to support services. Program specific outcomes were frequently positive (50%) and included resident satisfaction and high course evaluation scores, high representation of resident and faculty from minority groups, applicability of training to underserviced populations, and improved engagement of marginalized community members. When evaluated, academic outcomes were always positive, and included acceptance of scholarly projects to national conferences, publication of research work, grants earned to support health projects, local or national awards for leadership and community engagement, and curriculum graduates later pursuing related Masters degrees and/or establishing medical practices in underserved areas. Only one study reported a patient-related outcome, with advice provided by health care providers considered by patients to be helpful. Researchers used these results to design recommendations for creation of a post-graduate curriculum to address social determinants of health were provided.
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Lim, Eric T. K., and Ian Weber. "In Search of the Total Learning Experience (TLE): A Case Study of Singapore's e-Inclusive Society." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 03, no. 03 (September 2004): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649204000857.
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This paper re-visits the ongoing e-learning phenomenon from a holistic perspective through the study of the world's first nationwide, e-inclusive society in Singapore. It draws upon the current literature for learning models, knowledge management and utilization of technology for electronic education to examine the contribution Singapore's National IT Literacy Program (NITLP) has made to drive the diffusion of Internet, broadband and e-transaction adoption in this island nation. In doing so, the case study tracks NITLP's development of continuous and progressive phases of infrastructure, infostructure and knowledge-structure integration to leverage Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) more efficiently and effectively for the delivery of a holistic learning experience for Singapore's late IT adopters. The practical application of the implementation program is the provision of an evaluative tool for e-learning practitioners to enable an upward spiral of continuous feedback and improvements to the e-learning architecture and contribute more strategically to the development of a total learning experience. For the learner, the model generates strategic value from knowledge creating and sharing activities. The lessons learnt from Singapore's approach to developing its e-inclusive society are significant beyond just the experience of this island nation, as it serves as an indicator of how countries in the Asia-Pacific and internationally can conceptualize and implement national IT literacy programs within a framework of e-inclusive societies to promote knowledge-based economies.
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Cooney, Thomas J. "Research and Teacher Education: In Search of Common Ground." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 25, no. 6 (December 1994): 608–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.25.6.0608.
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Most mathematics educators are involved in the practice of teacher education at some level. Indeed, the field of mathematics education is predicated on the assumption that someone has to be educated to teach mathematics in our schools. This raises the question of what it means to be educated in o rder to become a teacher of mathematics. What kinds of knowledge do teachers need to become effective teachers of mathematics? What sorts of experiences are needed for teachers to acquire this knowledge? A fundamental question for mathematics teacher educators is how the field of teacher education can be conceptualized so that programs and activities can be created to assist in the acquisition of this knowledge. Given the high visibility of standards developed by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) (NCTM, 1988, 1991, in press), a question of interest to many is, What does it take to develop teachers who can move the field toward realizing these standards?
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Carr, W. David, and Jennifer Volberding. "Sampling Methods and the Accredited Population in Athletic Training Education Research." Athletic Training Education Journal 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-4.2.75.
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Context: We describe methods of sampling the widely-studied, yet poorly defined, population of accredited athletic training education programs (ATEPs). Objective: There are two purposes to this study; first to describe the incidence and types of sampling methods used in athletic training education research, and second to clearly define the accredited ATEP population. Design and Setting: Literature review and web-based information search Participants: Accredited programs as of January 2008 Measurements: We conducted a literature review with the following limits: (1) articles with keyword “accreditation,” (2) articles utilizing accredited ATEP population, (3) articles published in the Journal of Athletic Training and the Athletic Training Education Journal, and (4) articles published since 2000. We categorized articles based on their sampling method(s). We conducted a web-based search of all accredited programs as of January 2008 and collected demographic data including: state/private affiliation, university enrollment, cost of attendance, National Athletic Trainers' Association district, and athletic affiliation. Results: Our literature search identified 37 articles. Twenty-seven (73%) articles did not clearly state their sampling methods. Twenty-two (59%) of the articles used some sort of random sampling method. The remaining 15 articles (41%) used some sort of nonrandom sampling method. As of January 2008 there were 360 accredited programs. Conclusions: The following generalizations can be made: (1) The majority of articles used a random sampling method. (2) The vast majority of programs were undergraduate. (3) A majority of programs are affiliated with state institutions.
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Kurniadi, Anwar, and Fauzi Bahar. "THE REVIEW OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS SCHOOL PROGRAM IN INDONESIA ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i1.703.
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<div><p class="Els-history-head">Schools are an essential avenue for youth to learn about disaster resilience A critical success factor for the uptake of disaster resilience learning in schools is the ability to embed learning activities in school programs that are linked to relevant curriculums. The introduction of Disaster Preparedness School (DPS) hoped students were able to identify disaster resilience learning and face the disaster occurring. In 2009, the government started developing a pilot project by combining the curriculum disaster education to the curriculum of Disaster Preparedness School (DPS). The purpose of this study was to analyze the cause of inhibition and make a strategy to solve the problem. This study used a literature review approach and source of data search from the literature that obtains via the internet in the form of results of an online library of local, national, and international, and also from books and related regulations. The results of this study are: a) The cause of inhibitions included four indicators like program target inexact, program of socialization less strength, program goal less power, monitoring program less document incomplete; b) The strategy to the development program of DPS would be successful under following conditions: 1) insertion curriculum of disaster mitigation education into several subjects, and into extracurricular activities that exist in schools. 2) conducting DPS Program by proper training that has been done by the ways: right participant, the subject that relates to a local disaster, functional modules, good time setting, monitoring equipment, done routinely and systematically, and also involving the whole stakeholder.</p></div>
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Noumba, Issidor, and Quentin Lebrun Nzouessah Feunke. "Parental Education, Household Health, and Household Standard of Living: Evidence from Rural Cameroon." International Business Research 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p113.
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Recent data shows that social and economic conditions of rural dwellers are worsening in Cameroon. This paper estimates the link between parental education and household economic wellbeing (ECW). It also relates household health to household ECW, jointly education and health to ECW. Data employed are from a national survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2011. The unitary household economic model is the theoretical foundation. Empirical models specified are estimated using different methods. OLS is employed to estimate the link between education and ECW. One result on which the paper insists is obtained from a non-linear control function specification. Two salient results are highlighted. i) Education appears to be a significant determinant of household health. ii) Education and health are not perfect substitutes in the household utility function. These findings could guide policymakers in search for effective health and education programs aimed at improving rural economic wellbeing.
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Ingrassia, Pier Luigi, Marco Foletti, Ahmadreza Djalali, Piercarlo Scarone, Luca Ragazzoni, Francesco Della Corte, Kubilay Kaptan, et al. "Education and Training Initiatives for Crisis Management in the European Union: A Web-based Analysis of Available Programs." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 2 (March 18, 2014): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000235.
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AbstractIntroductionEducation and training are key elements of disaster management. Despite national and international educational programs in disaster management, there is no standardized curriculum available to guide the European Union (EU) member states. European- based Disaster Training Curriculum (DITAC), a multiple university-based project financially supported by the EU, is charged with developing a holistic and highly-structured curriculum and courses for responders and crisis managers at a strategic and tactical level. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively assess the prevailing preferences and characteristics of disaster management educational and training initiatives (ETIs) at a postgraduate level that currently exist in the EU countries.MethodsAn Internet-based qualitative search was conducted in 2012 to identify and analyze the current training programs in disaster management. The course characteristics were evaluated for curriculum, teaching methods, modality of delivery, target groups, and funding.ResultsThe literature search identified 140 ETIs, the majority (78%) located in United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Master level degrees were the primary certificates granted to graduates. Face-to-face education was the most common teaching method (84%). Approximately 80% of the training initiatives offered multi- and cross-disciplinary disaster management content. A competency-based approach to curriculum content was present in 61% of the programs. Emergency responders at the tactical level were the main target group. Almost all programs were self-funded.ConclusionAlthough ETIs currently exist, they are not broadly available in all 27 EU countries. Also, the curricula do not cover all key elements of disaster management in a standardized and competency-based structure. This study has identified the need to develop a standardized competency-based educational and training program for all European countries that will ensure the practice and policies that meet both the standards of care and the broader expectations for professionalization of the disaster and crisis workforce.IngrassiaPL, FolettiM, DjalaliA, ScaroneP, RagazzoniL, DellaCorte F, KaptanK, LupescuO, ArculeoC, von ArnimG, FriedlT, AshkenaziM, HeselmannD, HreckovskiB, Khorrram-ManeshA, KomadinaR, LechnerK, PatruC, BurkleFMJr., FisherP. Education and training initiatives for crisis management in the European Union: a web-based analysis of available programs. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-12.
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Authement, Renae S., and Sharon L. Dormire. "Introduction to the Online Nursing Education Best Practices Guide." SAGE Open Nursing 6 (January 2020): 237796082093729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2377960820937290.
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Introduction As online nursing education programs continue to increase to meet the demands of the growing market, nursing faculty are challenged to develop and deliver courses based on best practice principles. The Online Nursing Education Best Practices Guide (ONE Guide) builds on and extends the nationally recognized Quality Matters® program and serves as a roadmap guiding course development and delivery. The fundamental principle for success in online teaching is instructor presence; the teacher as a facilitator of learning is illustrated throughout the guide. An Online Instructor Checklist facilitates systematic implementation of best practice principles. Methods This article is based on a focused literature review and concept analysis resulting in a comprehensive guide for delivery of effective, quality nursing education through best practices in the online learning environment. A broad search of databases focused on articles during 2014 to 2019 was completed. The literature review included articles that examined over 1200 student perceptions of instructor presence in the online setting. Conclusion Nurses carry a direct responsibility for the health and well-being of patients. Nursing quality education proves fundamental to the profession’s long-term outcomes. The ONE Guide and Online Instructor Checklist apply comprehensive, evidence-based teaching strategies to give a roadmap for success in the online teaching environment.
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Porter, Stephen R. "Understanding Retention Outcomes: Using Multiple Data Sources to Distinguish between Dropouts, Stopouts, and Transfer-Outs." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 5, no. 1 (May 2003): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nv6h-55ng-8eyw-ekgp.
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Both assessment practitioners and administrators often view retention as a stay versus go outcome, but first-year outcomes are much more complex, as some students decide to stay, others to transfer, some simply take some time off, and others decide to discontinue their education altogether. This article discusses empirical problems in confining retention studies to stay-versus-go outcomes, and reviews data resources such as exit surveys, transcript requests, withdrawn student surveys, state transfer student databases, and the National Student Clearinghouse's Enrollment Search program that can all be used to gain a richer understanding of first-year outcomes.
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Ogle, Jennifer H., Sababa Islam, Kweku Brown, William J. Davis, and Wayne A. Sarasua. "Impacts of State-Specific Policy and Legislation on Safety Advancement by Departments of Transportation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 32 (October 4, 2018): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118799038.
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The overall goal of this research was to identify proven successful safety programs used in other states and assess the potential for safety improvement if similar programs were implemented in South Carolina. The research team not only sought out engineering solutions, but also expanded the search to include programs for enforcement, education, licensing, legal proceedings, and emergency services—therefore incorporating a wide range of stakeholder groups. South Carolina has, for many years, had one of the highest mileage death rates of any state in the nation—far exceeding the national fatality rate. While South Carolina Department of Transportation has a federal requirement to develop and maintain the Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which identifies the state’s key safety needs and guides investment decisions toward strategies and countermeasures with the most potential to save lives and prevent injuries, South Carolina legislation and state policies have effectively blocked many paths to safety improvements. Tree protection ordinances, limited policies for graduated drivers licensing, bans on camera enforcement, and lack of universal helmet laws continue to undermine efforts to improve motor vehicle safety in the state. Using a data-driven approach to safety program selection will yield support for changes in programs, policies, and standards, and have positive impacts on safety, operational, and economic aspects of the South Carolina roadway system. Further, the implementation of a data-driven safety management program will help to assure that the most appropriate strategies are implemented. The successful implementation of this research would likely result in a substantial reduction in loss of life and injuries associated with motor vehicle crashes in the state of South Carolina.
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Murnane, Richard J., John B. Willett, and Kathryn Parker Boudett. "Do High School Dropouts Benefit From Obtaining a GED?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 17, no. 2 (June 1995): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737017002133.
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This article uses longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for the years 1979-1991 to study whether male high school dropouts’ trajectories of wages, annual number of hours worked, and annual earnings are affected by acquisition of the General Educational Development (GED) credential. Our analysis takes into account potential heteroscedasticity and possible autocorrelation among the error terms pertaining to different years of longitudinal data on the same individual. We find that acquisition of the GED is associated with an increase in the rate of wage growth. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some dropouts, after obtaining a GED, search for a better paying job or enter a training program.
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Kyrychenko, Mykola O., Olena M. Otych, and Victor V. Oliynyk. "ПРОБЛЕМИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ В ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v65i3.2380.
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Formation of the information society as a new form of social reality functioning by means of multi-indicators - symbols - signals - stimulus – codes stimulates the ever-increasing intellectualization of all types of social practices, including education. It undergoes the process of transformation into a theory and practice of continuous professional development of cognitive workers capable of self-processing information and acquiring new knowledge based on using IT. The main areas of reforming education in Ukraine is to bring its essence and content into line with the contemporary development world trends, caused by civilizational changes and challenges, as well as its ability to provide adequate responses to them. Based on a synthesis of scientific literature on the educational development in the information society and analysis of the current trends in the development of the postgraduate education system in Ukraine, the article provides SWOT analysis of the development of this educational branch in the conditions of its informatization, individualization and integration into the European information educational space. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems, advantages, threats and prospects of informatization of the national postgraduate education and transforming it into an open system. The study concluded that the effective functioning of postgraduate education in the open information educational space is ensured by its variability, flexibility, and the ability to create optimal conditions for the individualization of the educational process based on a combination of formal, informal and informal education. An open university of postgraduate education is proved to provide such conditions most optimally. The perspective directions and development goals of the national system of open postgraduate pedagogical education in Ukraine are determined. The following model of this process is introduced: "civilization change - educational problem - search for ways and development of a program for its solution - displaying them in the content and forms PPE - accreditation and implementation of the corresponding educational programs varied in diversity of their content and profiles - monitoring the quality of their implementation."
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RESTON, ENRIQUETA, SARAS KRISHNAN, and NORAINI IDRIS. "STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA AND THE PHILIPPINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 13, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v13i2.292.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of statistics education research in Malaysia and the Philippines by modes of dissemination, research areas, and trends. An electronic search for published research papers in the area of statistics education from 2000–2012 yielded 20 for Malaysia and 19 for the Philippines. Analysis of these papers showed that most were primarily empirical research published in national refereed journals or in conference proceedings. Statistics education research in Malaysia has focused on integration of technology and on affective aspects of statistics learning. In the Philippines, studies have investigated university-level statistics pedagogy, statistics academic programs and teachers’ professional development. Implications for future statistics education research and teaching practice in these two countries are identified. First published November 2014 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
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Quick, James Campbell. "Occupational Mental Health Promotion: A Prevention Agenda Based on Education and Treatment." American Journal of Health Promotion 7, no. 1 (September 1992): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-7.1.37.
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Purpose of the Review. Psychological disorders are one of the 10 leading work-related diseases and injuries in the United States according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. This article addresses occupational mental health and preventive stress management in the workplace. The individual and organizational costs are briefly considered with concern for reducing the burden of suffering associated with these problems. Search Method. As an American Psychological Association interdisciplinary panel, we searched the psychological, medical, public health, and organizational literature. We selected articles relevant to the problem of psychological disorders in the workplace and to enhancing occupational mental health and preventive stress management. Important Findings. The panel proposed a national agenda of education and treatment, combined with a program of evaluation research, for addressing these issues. Target populations are identified, and the need for collaboration among a variety of national constituencies is considered. Advancing occupational mental health and promoting skills in preventive stress management is considered in the context of comprehensive health promotion. Major Conclusions. The panel concluded that there is a pressing need to: 1) set a ‘gold’ standard concerning the current state of knowledge in the domains of occupational mental health and stress management; 2) identify Diagnostically Related Groups (DRGs) which are stress-related; 3) establish assessment standards for stress and mental health; 4) set guidelines for reasonable interventions; and 5) establish acceptable post-outcome criteria.
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Meyer, Luanna H., Joanne Eichinger, and Seunghee Park-Lee. "A Validation of Program Quality Indicators in Educational Services for Students with Severe Disabilities." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 12, no. 4 (December 1987): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079698701200401.
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References to “most promising practices” in educational programs for students with severe disabilities reflect a mix of social values as well as empirically validated instructional strategies. A literature search and polling of nationally recognized experts in severe disabilities was conducted to generate a listing of 123 items representing Program Quality Indicators. This initial listing was then rated by six groups (a total N = 254) representing various interests and constituencies: (a) behavior therapy experts, (b) experts in severe disabilities, (c) experts in deaf-blind, (d) mental retardation researchers, (e) state directors of special education, and (f) parents involved in advocacy efforts. Mean ratings for each item support the relative values of each of the indicators, and the results of factor analysis of the item ratings revealed five dimensions, which were valued differentially by the six respondent groups. Results are discussed in terms of future efforts to translate most promising practices into typical practices for students with severe disabilities in public school settings.
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Jardí, Cristina, Byron David Casanova, and Victoria Arija. "Nutrition Education Programs Aimed at African Mothers of Infant Children: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147709.
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Background: Child malnutrition is a major epidemiological problem in developing countries, especially in African countries. Nutrition education for mothers can alleviate this malnutrition in their young children. The objective of this study was to make a systematic review to assess the effect of intervention programs in nutrition education for African mothers on the nutritional status of their infants. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed database for clinical trials between November 2012 and 2021. The studies should contain educational programs to evaluate the impact on the infant’s nutritional indicators in children under 5 years (food consumption, anthropometry and/or knowledge of nutrition in caretakers). Results: A total of 20 articles were selected, of which 53% evaluated infant’s food consumption, 82% anthropometric measurements and 30% nutritional knowledge. In general, nutritional education programs are accredited with some significant improvements in food and nutrient consumption, knowledge and dietary practices in complementary feeding, but only those studies that implemented strategies in agriculture, educational workshops and supplementation obtained reductions in chronic malnutrition figures. Limitations: There is high heterogeneity in the articles included, since the intervention programs have different approaches. Conclusions: Programs that implemented actions of national agriculture or nutritional supplementation reap the greatest benefits in curbing infant malnutrition.
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Klimov, S. V., A. A. Beletsky, and A. V. Klimova. "Features of formation of training program results for the applicants of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education on a specialty «hydraulic engineering, water engineering and water technologies»." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-260.
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Relevance of research. The reform of higher education in Ukraine is to create a system to ensure and constantly improve its quality, which meets the recommendations and standards of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), takes into account international best practices and provides for the development of a new generation standards based on a competent approach.
Objective of research. It is necessary to create a substantiated system of competencies and training program results, combining a scientific and methodological approach that takes into account the needs of stakeholders: higher education applicants, employers, society and the state.
Methods and techniques of research. Approbation of the training of applicants for the first (bachelor) level of higher education according to the formed list of training program results on a specialty is conducted in National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, according to the corresponding educational and professional program, which has been certified for the first time in 2020.
Results of research and conclusions. On the example of the formation of training program results of the applicants for the first (bachelor) level of higher education on the specialty 194 "Hydraulic Engineering, Water Engineering and Water Technology", we tried to show how to take into account the suitability of graduates for the employment by the professional titles of jobs corresponding to the level of "Specialists" in National Classification of Jobs (DK 003: 2010). The correspondence of professional titles of jobs and professions according to DK 003: 2010 to the International Standard Classification of Jobs (ISCO-08) is given. The article evaluates the suitability of a university graduate to perform professional tasks and responsibilities defined in the qualification characteristics and job descriptions of specialists in the field of water management, in comparison with the program results of higher education received by the graduate. In continuation of the discussion on the search for perspective approaches to the formation of a modern technical specialist, we consider that one of the important mechanisms is the production practice and personalized implementation of course design and bachelor's project. All that will form the necessary program results of the graduate's education, develop the personality of the young specialist and allow him to socialize successfully, conduct professional and / or further educational activities.
Prospects. The comparison given in the article shows the importance of the formation of training program results in the standards of higher education, taking into account the requirements of the specific profession for which the higher education applicant is preparing. These requirements are defined in the qualifications and job descriptions. A high school graduate, having got the first job, must demonstrate training program results that will allow him to perform tasks and responsibilities in accordance with job descriptions.
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Meum, Torbjørg Træland, Åshild Slettebø, and Mariann Fossum. "Improving the Use of Simulation in Nursing Education: Protocol for a Realist Review." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): e16363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16363.
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Background Nursing education has evolved in line with societal needs, and simulation-based learning (SBL) is increasingly being used to bridge the gap between practice and education. Previous literature reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of using SBL in nursing education. However, there is a need to explore how and why it works to expand the theoretical foundation of SBL. Objective This review aims to understand how, why, and in what circumstances the use of simulation affects learning as part of the bachelor’s program in nursing. Methods A realist review will be conducted in accordance with the realist template for a systematic review. In particular, we will identify and explore the underlying assumption of how SBL is supposed to work, that is, identify and explore program theories of SBL. The review will be carried out as an iterative process of searching, appraising, and synthesizing the evidence to uncover theoretical concepts that explain the causal effects of SBL. In the final section of the review, we will involve stakeholders in the Norwegian community in a web-based Delphi survey to ensure that the emerging theoretical framework derived from the published literature aligns with stakeholders’ experience in practice. Results We have performed an initial literature search, whereas quality appraisal and data extraction are ongoing processes. Conclusions The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (project number 60415) has approved the study. The final outcome of the review is anticipated to extend the theoretical foundation for using simulation as an integrated component of the bachelor’s program in nursing. Furthermore, the findings will be used to produce a briefing document containing guidance for national stakeholders in the community of simulation-based nursing education. Finally, the review findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal as well as national and international conferences. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16363
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Ульянова and Nataliya Ulyanova. "Higher School Pedagogy Problems at the Art Education Sphere Modernization Stage." Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10321.
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Current affairs of modern art education are considered in
this paper. Methodological approaches and possibilities for educational
process updating taking into account new pedagogical technologies,
and also educational process design with preservation of
national traditions are analyzed. The critical task of education, integration
of ethno and art culture into the contents and technology of expertdesigner
training in a higher educational institution is considered.
A problem related to formation of bases of the graphic competence
relying on experience related to art’s historical development, as well
as on academic education system preservation is discussed. Modern
society needs the expert capable to professional self-development. It
is this in a great measure trains a young man for life and work in the
modern fast-changing society. Certainly, the search of innovative
conceptual approaches providing the efficiency of educational programs
assimilation on the basis of national traditions is urgent. The training
of highly qualified personnel is possible on the basis of the science
latest developments by means of innovative pedagogical technologies,
when strengthening competitiveness, successful activity, need for
graduates in the labor market.
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Kapitan, Tetiana. "USE OF INNOVATIVE FORMS OF INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH LESSONS." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 194 (June 2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-194-126-129.
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Nowadays foreign language is not just a part of nation's culture, it is also the guarantee of student’s successful career in the future. The achievement of high level proficiency of foreign language is not possible without fundamental language training in higher education institution. Most of them in our country provide students with at least two or even three foreign languages. In the context of higher school reforming, important changes in the educational technologies of foreign language teaching are envisaged. Modern language education is also gradually being modernized, introducing a modular rating system for teaching foreign languages. Interdisciplinary integration, democratization and economization of education determine the manifestation of innovative components in the teaching of the foreign languages. All this requires the formulation of the new claims for teaching and a foreign language teacher in the Free Economic Zone. At the current stage of society development, the purpose of foreign language teaching in higher education institutions is students' mastering of communicative competencies that will allow them to implement their knowledge, skills and abilities to solve specific communicative tasks in real life situations. The introduction of the new effective methods of foreign language teaching in the process of preparing students of humanities and technical specialties has become not only desirable but also necessary. Innovative orientation requires teachers to master and apply the pedagogical innovations, as well as stimulate the search for new forms and methods of educational process organization. High-quality language training of students is impossible without the use of modern educational technologies. The most effective are the professionally-oriented foreign language learning, the project work in teaching, the application of information and telecommunication technologies, the work with educational computer programs in foreign languages (multimedia system), the distance technologies in foreign language learning, the use of Internet resources, the foreign language teaching in the computer environment (forums, blogs, e-mail, etc.). Nowadays, the methodology of the use of computer programs is being developed actively getting more used. Computer programs offer ample opportunities to improve the process of foreign language learning, increasing its efficiency. The computer program provides the perception of information through auditory and visual channels, so it also allows you to organize teaching and control the foreign language acquisition in different modes of independent search and at different levels of complexity. Foreign language teaching means are important to ensure the full and effective organization of students' learning in the classroom to master foreign language activities.
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Dembek, Zygmunt F., Tesema Chekol, and Aiguo Wu. "The Opioid Epidemic: Challenge to Military Medicine and National Security." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (February 20, 2020): e662-e667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz487.
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Abstract Introduction We examine the current status of the military relevance of opioids, their use and misuse in military and veteran populations, the national security consequences of opioid use in our military age population, public health implications, and military, veteran, and government solutions for opioid addiction. Materials and Methods A literature search of recent published research, federal government, and related open source materials was conducted using PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar, and all materials retrieved were manually identified, screened, and evaluated for inclusion. A modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was used for the selection of relevant articles. Heath policy literature and relevant demographic information published within the last 5 years was also included to provide current information and search for solutions to address the escalating national opioid crisis. Results Synthetic opioids are used for pain and trauma management, not readily substituted, and have exceptionally high addiction potential. Combat wounded veterans have greater potential for opioid misuse than civilian populations. Assessment, management, and treatment of opioid use in this population are essential. Veterans receiving synthetic opioids have been noted to have multiple overdose risk factors. Opioids are readily available nationally as “street drugs” and also in the form of fentanyl-contaminated heroin. The opioid crisis affects the military age population and the top states for military enlistments. Younger age males with lower education and income are at significant risk for opioid use disorder. Recently increased drug overdose deaths contribute to an increased U.S. mortality rate with a commensurate decline in life expectancy at birth. Opioid abuse contributes to increased incidence of infectious disease. Behavioral health programs directed at military and veterans to identify risk factors for opioid misuse have been introduced. Prescription drug monitoring initiatives continue for these populations with increased information exchanged between military and civilian healthcare. Lifesaving interventions for opioid addiction include methadone maintenance and fentanyl test strip accessibility. Newly implemented federal funding healthcare initiatives to the states are now directed at opioid use prevention and enhanced surveillance. Conclusions Given increasing rates of opioid addiction and death, viable solutions are universally needed. Successful intervention measures should be widely shared between military, veteran, and civilian healthcare and public health communities. Increased collaboration between these groups could inculcate successful programs to prevent and decrease opioid use. Results received from recent military and veterans’ programs for prescription and electronic medical record (EMR) monitoring and data sharing may also prove useful for civilian healthcare providers and hospital systems. Future evaluations from ongoing federally funded programs to the states for addiction surveillance and intervention may help create measures to address the proliferation of opioid addiction with increased death rates. Anticipated results from these federal efforts should help inform opioid programs in military and veterans’ health systems.
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Rich, Valerie J., Jonathan J. Kedrowski, and Scott Richter. "Institutional Profiles of CAATE Accredited Entry-Level Athletic Training Education Programs in the United States." Athletic Training Education Journal 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-3.3.108.
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Context: Educational reform has recently become common thread in athletic training education. The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Education Task force suggests that Athletic Training Education Programs (ATEPs) align within colleges of health-related professions and offer academic majors. Objective: To provide a current profile of ATEP programs including departmental nomenclature, school/college affiliation, institutional classification, degree attainment, and identify ATEPs offering an athletic training major. Design: Descriptive study Setting: Internet search of ATEP websites Subjects: 357 CAATE accredited ATEPs (341 entry-level undergraduate; 16 entry-level graduate) Measurements: Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all ATEPs based on Carnegie Institutional Classification, school/college affiliation, departmental nomenclature, degree granted and whether ATEPs offered an athletic training major. Results: Twenty-nine percent of Carnegie classified ATEPs were offered at ‘Master's Large’ institutions. Twenty-four percent of ATEPs were located in Colleges of Education and 25% in Colleges of Health Sciences. Twenty-two percent of ATEPs were located in Departments of Physical Education, followed by 18% in Athletic Training/Sports Medicine, and 16% in Kinesiology. Almost 80% of ATEPs currently offer an athletic training major, with most degrees granted as a Bachelor's of Science. Conclusions: ATEPs are adapting to new accreditation standards and suggested educational reform. Although some ATEPs are aligning with colleges of health-related professions or have evolved into their own departmental entities, the majority remains within departments of physical education or affiliated disciplines. At this point in time, it is unclear if these realignments are a direct result of the NATA's recommendations.
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Чурашева, О., O. Churasheva, А. Третьяков, and A. Tretyakov. "MODERN HIGHER LIBRARY AND INFORMATION EDUCATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2017, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2017-2-55-60.
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<p>This article analyzes the problems and prospects for the development of higher library and information education in the context of integrating the national higher education system into the Bologna process and the transition to the tertiary education system. World trends in this area are indicated. The status and role of the library and information profession in modern society is considered. Particular attention is paid to the preparation of bachelors of library and information activities at the library and information department of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture. The article highlights the problem points in the matter. It features a wide range of profiles for the preparation of library and information specialists by the scientific and pedagogical schools of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture. The problems that need to be solved now in the conditions of modernization and clustering of the modern Russian educational space are revealed. The paper describes the competence possessed by a graduate of the bachelor's program in the Library-Information Activity direction of preparation. Attention is focused on an integrated system-activity approach to the implementation of the higher education program in the training of library and information personnel. A socio-pedagogical dominant is pointed out, which is necessary for more rapid entry into the library and information community by trainees and a faster search for employers. A need for a comprehensive study of the problems of higher library and information education at the modern stage of the development of the educational sphere of the Russian Federation was noted.</p>
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Demyanenko, Natalia. "ARCHITECTONICS OF TUTORING IN HIGHER EDUCATION." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 2 (8) (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2018.8.03.
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Modern trends of human civilization development determine the individual educational way of person on the open education basis. A special place in supporting of personality development in the information society belongs to a tutor. A tutor is a central figure while a tutorial is an officially recognized component of the British educational system. Today this profession is actualized in many European countries. Social and personal request for a tutorial support is increasing in Ukraine. A tutorial is developing as a basis for the formation of teacher-student partnership. On the other hand, pedagogically expedient, subject-subjective, moral and aesthetic relations are a condition for the tutorial technology implementation. They form a personally oriented activity of two equal partners - a tutor and tutorant. It should be emphasized on the individual-socializing nature of tutorial. A tutor is not only responsible for the level of knowledge, but also for the formation (upbringing) of the individual. A tutorial accompaniment is a pedagogical education individualizing activity which is directed at the identification and development of educational motives and interests of the person, the search for educational resources for the creation of an individual educational program, the formation of person educational reflection. It involves the educational environment organizing, actual support for the formation and implementation of a tutor`s individual educational program; its methodical support. A tutorial support is carried out in accordance with the peculiarities of the age of the tutorants (from preschool age), provides the pedagogical provision of autonomous formulation and realization of the person's educational goals, stimulation and motivation of independent educational activity. The Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Higher Education has carried out a tutor professional and pedagogical training at the National Dragomanov Pedagogical University since 2015.
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Corcetti, Elisabete. "The Instrument Constituency in the Political Subsystem of Brazilian Vocational Education." Public Administration Research 9, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v9n1p39.
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The instrument constituency is a component of the political subsystem dedicated to the articulation and promotion of particular types of solutions. Simons and Voss (2018) say that instrument constituencies are neglected political forces in national and transnational policymaking, advocating for more research to understand how these networks of actors emerge and their role in the political process. The aim of this work is to analyze how this type of network forms and interacts in the policy subsystem, exploring the case of the program Mulheres Mil. This is a qualitative research and it was based on the transdisciplinary proposal, which discuss with the principles of the critical discourse studies of Fairclough, combined with the model of multiple streams of Kingdon and its relation with the actors of the policy subsystem. The data used in this study were collected through: selection of the corpus of analysis; critical reading; and identification of the sections most relevant for the analysis. The corpus of analysis consisted of an interview with one of the creators of the program Mulheres Mil, and of the project Mulheres Mil in the Northeast region. It was concluded that the instrument constituencies and the groups of defense collisions refer to two distinct levels of political reality, which interact in search of different interests and objectives. In this interaction, political entrepreneurs are key elements for certain solutions to have prominence in the policy process, bridging the different networks of actors and the government.
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Wu, Jie, Xinhe Zhang, Shuaihe Zhuo, Martin Meyer, Bin Li, and Haifeng Yan. "The imitation-innovation link, external knowledge search and China's innovation system." Journal of Intellectual Capital 21, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 727–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-05-2019-0092.
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PurposeThe authors attempt to answer the basic questions: How is imitation tied to innovation? This question is addressed in the context of China's innovation system in the 2000s where Chinese industrial firms simultaneously implement innovation and imitation strategies in their new product developments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first build on lattice theory and supermodularity theory to provide a rigorous and careful mathematical proof. The authors further conduct the empirical analyses using an original data on Chinese manufacturing firms' innovation and imitation strategies in the development of new products in 2002.FindingsThis article reveals the complementarity relation between imitation and innovation strategies and identifies external knowledge search as the boundary condition that influences the extent to which two strategies reinforce each other.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the imitation-innovation complementarity suggest that imitation is not only an indispensable strategy independent of innovation, but also is vital to the effectiveness of innovation itself.Practical implicationsThe imitation-innovation complementarity finding provides some evidence for the contention that Chinese latecomers exploit the synergies of imitation and innovation, transforming themselves from imitators to innovators and vibrant competitors in the global market (Wu et al., 2016) and, as a result, national innovation system has evolved from a state-sponsored imitation program to the imitation-innovation mixture.Originality/valueIn contrast to earlier innovation studies in which innovation and imitation are unrelated, this study reveals that imitation complements innovation, and the extent of Chinese firms' external knowledge search affects the complementary relationship between imitation and innovation. These findings add important insights to the innovation management literature and contribute empirical evidence to the interplay of innovation and imitation enhancing national innovation system.
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Links, Paul S., and Brian Hoffman. "Preventing Suicidal Behaviour in a General Hospital Psychiatric Service: Priorities for Programming." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 8 (July 2005): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000809.
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Purpose: General hospital psychiatric services are able to provide leadership and coordinate the development of suicide prevention programs for individuals serviced in general hospital settings. We completed this literature review to suggest priorities for programming. Methods: Our procedure was to update the review by Gunnell and Frankel that guided priorities for Health of the Nation, the national suicide prevention strategy in the UK. We completed a search, using the terms suicide prevention and control, of all English-language research and clinical trials conducted between January 1, 1994, and May 1, 2004. Results: We identified 82 papers. Of these, 48 were excluded and the remaining 34 were grouped by secondary care setting categories. We found no articles on screening tools for predicting risk of suicide, 16 articles on interventions for individuals with suicidal behaviour, 14 articles on the treatment of major psychiatric disorders, 1 article and 1 published abstract ondischarge from hospital, and 2 articles on reducing access to means. Conclusions: Based on a review of each category, we make several program and policy recommendations, including regularly updating clinical assessment skills, using guidelines for assessment of patients following a suicide attempt, assessing the risk of suicide 24 to 48 hours before discharge from hospital, and incorporating education about reducing access to means into routine psychiatric care.
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Rizzo, Deyvid Tenner de Souza, Ágata Cristina Marques Aranha, Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de Freitas, Ana Paula Moreira de Sousa, Joziele Mareco Ramires, and Jefferson Campos Lopes. "Concepções de gestores e monitores sobre o esporte no Programa Mais Educação: por uma pedagogização da prática esportiva." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2016.v2.118.
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Public policies for the development and systematization of the sport have been a highlight on the national scene. This study aims to investigate the design and job prospects of managers and monitors the More Education Program (MEP) of a municipal school in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in relation to the sport, following some classes of macro sports field and recreation and observing which activities are being offered to students. For this, we used a qualitative approach in the methodology, structured from a literature search and field, assisting in class observations and application of questionnaire and interview subjects that make up the monitoring and management of MEP. It was made possible through the collected data to conclude that the classes are guided only in entertainment contents and games, lacking concrete elements for the realization of any sport.
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L St. Clair, Rebekah, Julia Melkers, Julie Rojewski, Kevin Ford, Tamara E Dahl, Nael A. McCarty, Stephanie Watts, and Deepshikha (Dia) Chatterjee. "Doctoral Trainee Preferences for Career Development Resources: The Influence of Peer and Other Supportive Social Capital." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 14 (2019): 675–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4436.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand doctoral and postdoctoral trainee preferences for different models of career development resources and how career-relevant social capital affects these preferences. Background: The supply and demand mismatch within the academic job market is augmented by a growing complaint that trainees are not prepared for a range of careers beyond the academic. So, trainees are often put in a position to seek out resources to navigate their career search processes, yet, the career development strategies that they pursue and the preferences that they have for different types of career development resources is not well understood. Drawing from existing higher education and social capital theory literatures, we examine how trainee preferences for career development resources are shaped by the career support received from their Principal Investigator (PI) and peers, as well as their own self-efficacy. Methodology: We focus on doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in the biomedical science and engineering disciplines at two sites (but involving three institutions) funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (BEST) Program, a program designed to help prepare trainees for a broad variety of bio-medically related careers within and outside of academic research. Using a survey of both BEST and non-BEST trainees (those not formally in a BEST program), we conducted descriptive and logistic regression analyses of survey data to assess the factors affecting trainee preferences for three different types of career development models: (1) an intensive cohort career development experience (BEST “cohort”), (2) ad-hoc resources (“cafeteria”), or (3) choosing not to seek any career development resources at all. Contribution: This study contributes to the doctoral trainee research base by (1) taking a quantitative approach to cohort based interventions for career development, concepts historically largely examined by qualitative methods, (2) distinguishing among the types and sources of support to better tease out the different types of relationships trainees may have, (3) identifying these issues for both the experiences of the doctoral student and the lesser-studied postdoctoral fellow, and (4) moving beyond a single institution study context by examining data from three different university programs, which allows us to control for institutional and demographic characteristics which importantly is recognized as a significant need in cohort model research. Findings: We find that social capital in the form of a supportive environment and peer support was critical for shaping career development preferences. Cohort programs were particularly attractive to trainees interested in careers outside of academic science and who had low career self-efficacy. Trainees who reported high levels of PI support were less likely to pursue other career development resources, while students reporting low levels of PI support were more likely to choose to participate in a career development focused BEST cohort community. Trainees who reported low levels of PI, department, and peer support were less likely to participate in formal career development events or resources offered by academic institutions. Recommendations for Practitioners: These findings can inform university and career development administrators about the social context in which trainees develop and how that matters for how they prefer and value different formats and intensities of career support. Our recommendations point to the importance of developing (if possible) different models for providing career development resources, so trainees can take advantage of the ones most suitable for them. We further recommend programs consider different marketing strategies for the types of career development programs they offer in order for trainees to understand their options and engage in the resources that make the most sense for them. Highlighting the benefits of cohort based programs will help attract those trainees who desire and need that type of support. This clarity in program goals not only helps to set and manage expectations for trainees to know what the outcomes can be, it also helps to inform programs in terms of what resources to use and measure in helping move trainees along in their own career progression. Recommendation for Researchers: We recommend empirically differentiating the different types of support trainees may receive, as our results emphasized that the source of support matters. We also recommend that this study be replicated across different disciplines to assess the extent to which these findings apply universally. Impact on Society: This research is especially important for its impact for the job market and graduate higher education. With the growth in graduate career development training available across U.S. campuses, by designing and targeting the appropriate interventions for career development in academic institutions we can better prepare trainees for their next steps after training as they enter into the job market. Future Research: Future research needs to further examine the black-boxes that are the doctoral student and postdoctoral experiences. This literature is growing, but we need a more concerted effort to understand how factors like support (in its various forms) work with other factors, like career development efficacy. Within this context, future research should look at first generation trainees, as well.
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Cambra-Rufino, Laura, Andrea Brambilla, José León Paniagua-Caparrós, and Stefano Capolongo. "Hospital Architecture in Spain and Italy: Gaps Between Education and Practice." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 14, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586721991520.
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Aim: The research sheds light on the challenges and limitations of Spanish and Italian hospital design by looking at the gaps between education and practice. Background: Hospital design plays an important role in providing high-quality and cost-effective facilities for any healthcare system. Spain and Italy face contemporary challenges (i.e., elderly population, staff retention, and obsolete healthcare facilities) and have similar issues of life expectancy, health expenditure, hospital beds provision, and decentralized tax-financed healthcare systems. Method: A cross-sectional, mixed-method study was used. This involved two different data collection strategies and analysis for each area of investigation: (i) education and (ii) practice. For the former, educational programs were reviewed via a web search; for the latter, an online survey of 53 architectural/engineering offices involved in hospital design was conducted. Results: Hospital design education is limited to 0/58 in Spanish and 2/60 courses in Italian universities, although each country offers three postgraduate courses. The practitioners’ survey shows that even though their offices have a long history of healthcare design, only 48% in Spain and 60% in Italy have received specific university training. Office staff lack employees with medical backgrounds, which hinders any partnership between health and design fields either for design practice or the education fields. Laws, national regulations, technical guidelines, and previous experience are the most useful information sources, while international scientific publications appear underused by practitioners. Conclusions: Italian and Spanish healthcare architecture could be improved by promoting multidisciplinary teams (in practice and education) and improving the education offer by tailoring it to national needs.
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Chaparro Sainz, Álvaro, María del Mar Felices de la Fuente, and Laura Triviño Cabrera. "La investigación en pensamiento histórico. Un estudio a través de las tesis doctorales de Ciencias Sociales (1995-2020)." Panta Rei. 14, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 93–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/pantarei.445541.
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Este artículo analiza la evolución de la investigación sobre pensamiento histórico a partir de las tesis doctorales nacionales e internacionales de los últimos veinticinco años. Para ello, se ha seguido un proceso sistemático de búsqueda en las principales bases de datos a nivel mundial, que ha reportado un total de 163 tesis doctorales. Estos trabajos se han analizado desde un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo descriptivo, con el programa de análisis estadístico SPSS y la herramienta Voyant Tools. Los resultados nos ofrecen información acerca del número de investigaciones realizadas, su evolución en el tiempo, los países, idiomas y universidades de mayor producción, y las principales temáticas trabajadas. Concluimos que, pese al aumento de las tesis doctorales sobre pensamiento histórico en los últimos años, continúan existiendo vacíos en la investigación apenas abordados. In this article the evolution of research on Historical Thinking is analyzed based on national and international dissertations defended in the last twenty-five years. For this, we have followed a systematic search process in the main databases worldwide, which has reported a total of 163 dissertations. These works have been analyzed from a descriptive quantitative methodological approach, with the SPSS statistical analysis program and the Voyant Tools tool. The results offer us information about the number of researches carried out, their evolution over time, the countries, languages and universities with the highest production, and the main topics studied. We conclude that, despite the increase in doctoral thesis on Historical Thinking in recent years, there are still research gaps that have hardly been studied.
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Spasova, Sonya. "MUSEUM’S AND LIBRARY’S ACTUAL EDUCATIONAL INITIATIVES IN BULGARIA: NEW RESEARCH." Education and Technologies Journal 11, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26883/2010.201.2219.
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Dynamic processes in the contemporary information society and the rapid spread of new technologies necessitate innovative methodological, pedagogical and managerial approaches in the field of education to provoke interest, to achieve lasting knowledge and to create conditions for the manifestation of intrinsic motivation among young people. The concept of a „knowledge-based society” provokes the search for changes in institutional structures that guarantee the establishment of lifelong learning attitudes. There are different definitions of the term „education” that unanimously unite its core mission to preserve and develop culture. Therefore, cultural institutions within the meaning of the current legal framework in the country, in addition to carrying out activities to create, disseminate and preserve cultural and historical values, should develop active educational initiatives to fulfil their role as a mediator between the preserved tradition and the present. It is also one of the mechanisms for achieving the current education goals related to its sustainable development. This paper presents new research project entitled „Research of Contemporary Educational Programs of Cultural Institutions in Bulgaria“, financed by the National Science Fund, part of the Ministry of Education and Science.
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Turutina, T., and D. Tret'yakov. "Application of Information Technologies in Checking Procedure of Future Specialists’ Graphic Literacy." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2020-45-56.
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Topical issues related to improving the quality of higher education and solving teaching-learning problems, aimed at providing a checking procedure of future specialists’ graphic literacy in the process of teaching graphic design are considered in this paper. Among the national tasks of providing specialists for various arears of professional activity, the improvement of higher education’s quality and practical training of competent staff capable for professional self-education is considered as one of priorities. Education is interpreted as a process and result of acquiring the system of knowledge and personality development. Sufficiently frequent updating of requirements to future specialists’ training because of practical implementation of information technology in all professional spheres makes actual the search for more efficient methodologies aimed at changing of professional competences. The development of graphic literacy as future specialists' professional competence is defined by the learning activity process signification. The specificity of graphic disciplines as result of the introduction of information technologies requires the development of an effective methodology to ensure the content of the educational process, changing the nature of expertise, knowledge and skills; forming competence as a special ability necessary to perform a particular action in the object-graphic area. In the modern process for learning of graphic courses the KOMPAS graphic program is widely used, along with Autocad, Archicad, Revit, and others. Further is interpreted the KOMPAS practical use in the process of preparation of future specialists for learning of graphic courses. The KOMPAS jumps out as the program allowing using information technologies in checking procedure of future specialists' graphic literacy. The features of generation in the KOMPAS graphic program are revealed, as well as the software application “Generator”, including an educational-methodical complex aimed at forming of the necessary competence, development of self-learning activities, checking of expertise, knowledge and skills on graphic courses.
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Petticrew, Mark, Amanda Sowden, and Deborah Lister-Sharp. "FALSE-NEGATIVE RESULTS IN SCREENING PROGRAMS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 2 (April 2001): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300105021.
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Objectives: Assessment of the appropriateness of screening programs involves consideration of the harms as well as the benefits. These harms include the risk of false-negative results, the consequences of which have remained underinvestigated. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review that aimed to assess the medical psychological, economic, and legal consequences of false-negative results in national screening programs.Methods: The review included a comprehensive literature search and contact with experts to identify relevant literature. Most studies that were identified presented only anecdotal evidence. However, thirteen studies presented quantitative information on medical consequences of false negatives, eight studies presented information on psychological consequences, and two studies presented information on economic consequences.Results: The strength of evidence from most of the primary studies was low. There is some evidence, however, that false-negative results may have a large legal impact. There is also a consensus in the literature that false negatives may have a negative impact on public confidence on screening; evidence is however limited.Conclusions: False negatives are evident even in high-quality screening programs. They may have the potential to delay the detection of breast and cervical cancer, but there is little evidence to help in assessing their psychological consequences. They also may lead to legal action being taken by those affected and may reduce public confidence in screening. Their impact may be reduced by provision of full information to participants about the benefits and limitations of screening programs and by increasing public education on these issues.
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Abyzova, Larysa. "IDEOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CONFLICT REGULATION IN EASTERN UKRAINE." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 24 (2019): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.1.
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The article researches ideological principles of conflict regulation, in particular, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine in the context of forming of national-state ideology. This indicates theoretical and practical interest to a certain topic, which gets new sense and sound at each stage of national and state existence. It has been found out that political strategies should enable planning and forecasting political processes, minimize political bias, and meet reform projects. It is noted that the main vector of socio-cultural transformations had been proclaimed to be the posttotalitarian, post-colonial vector that a priori should permanently protect the state from the disadvantages and tragedies of the previous political era. Philosophical reflection is aimed at understanding of one of the most important components of national-state ideologies – a national idea. At present, there is no single national-state ideology in Ukraine, since new forms of understanding of social reality are in the process of formation. Obviously, it will be formed in the context of political forces’ struggle and compromising. The crisis of unity in Ukrainian society is interpreted as a factor that does not contribute to the formation and implementation of a rational political strategy of the state. It is concluded that European spirit of Ukraine and national self-esteem should be formed on state level in internal and foreign politics, on theoretical level in the programs of state reforms, in the concepts and programs of education and upbringing, on daily life level in ideological regulations of interpersonal communication rules. It is concluded that there are the following steps towards peace, first, the cessation of hostilities and pressure, second, the establishment of dialogue, and third, the search for a solution to the contradictions through negotiations.
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Cook, Julia A., Sarah E. Sasor, Sunil S. Tholpady, Arash Momeni, and Michael W. Chu. "Hand Surgery Resources Exceed American Health Literacy." HAND 13, no. 5 (August 20, 2017): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717725384.
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Background: The National Institutes of Health, American Medical Association, and US National Library of Medicine recommend that educational material for patients be written at a sixth-grade reading level. The purpose of this study is to assess the complexity of hand surgery information on academic plastic and orthopedic surgery websites. Methods: An online search was performed for all hand surgery patient education materials provided by institutions with plastic and orthopedic surgery training programs. Readability analyses were conducted using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index, Gunning Fog Score, Automated Readability Index, and Coleman-Liau Index. A 2-tailed z test was used to compare means. Results: Seventy-six institutions with both plastic and orthopedic surgery training programs were identified; 42 had educational material available online. The average readability for all hand-related information was at the 11.92 grade reading level. Information regarding de Quervain tenosynovitis had the highest grade level for all plastic surgery procedures (13.45). Hand arthritis had the highest grade level for all orthopedic surgery procedures (12.82). Ganglion cysts had the lowest grade level for both plastic and orthopedic surgery (10.15 and 11.01, respectively; P = .12). Carpal tunnel release was the most commonly described procedure overall. There were no differences in text complexity among geographic regions. Conclusions: Online patient resources for common hand ailments are too complex for the average patient to understand. Efforts should be made to provide materials at the recommended sixth-grade reading level to improve patient education and improve the physician-patient relationship.
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Efthymiou, Areti, Evridiki Papastavrou, Nicos Middleton, Artemis Markatou, and Paraskevi Sakka. "How Caregivers of People With Dementia Search for Dementia-Specific Information on the Internet: Survey Study." JMIR Aging 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): e15480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15480.
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Background During the last decade, more research has focused on web-based interventions delivered to support caregivers of people with dementia. However, little information is available in relation to internet use among caregivers in general, especially those caring for people with dementia. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dementia-related internet use and factors that may be associated with its use among caregivers of people with dementia in Greece. Methods Secondary data from the Greek Dementia Survey of the Athens Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders were collected from April to June 2017. A total of 580 caregivers of people with dementia participated in the study. Results The majority of the caregivers reported that they had used the internet in the previous 3 months (84.1%, 488/580). Nearly half of the caregivers (47.5%, 276/580) reported that they had received dementia services online. Bivariate analysis showed that a dementia-specific search of information was associated with age, education, kinship, and years of care. Age (odds ratio [OR] 2.362, 95% CI 1.05-5.33) and education (OR 2.228, 95% CI 1.01-4.94) were confirmed as predictors, with younger caregivers and those with higher educational attainment being more likely to search for dementia-specific information. Use of the internet to search for dementia information was only related to hours of care. The internet use by caregivers within the previous 3 months was associated with variables such as age, education, occupation, kinship, years of care, and self-reported impact on physical and social health. Conclusions Caregivers of people with dementia in Greece, as in the other southern European countries, are essential agents of the national health system. The existing short- and long-term respite care services are limited or nonexistent. Currently, caregivers receive mostly support and education from memory clinics and municipality consultation centers, which are mainly based in central cities in Greece. Despite the dementia awareness movement in Greece, there is still space to integrate the role of technology in the support and education of caregivers. Development of training programs for enhancing electronic health literacy skills as well as web-based services provision could support Greek caregivers in their everyday caring tasks.
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McKenney, James M. "Potential Nontraditional Applications of Statins." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 7-8 (July 2003): 1063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c499.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the current evidence for use of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in nontraditional lipid-related applications, including acute coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, and renal disease, and to describe ongoing trials evaluating the role of statins in these conditions. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (1990–November 2002) using ≥1 of the following search terms: acute coronary syndrome(s), angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, atorvastatin, clinical trials, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, fluvastatin, lovastatin, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, pravastatin, simvastatin, statins, and stroke. Treatment guidelines issued by professional and governmental organizations, such as the American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, National Cholesterol Education Program, National Kidney Foundation, and National Stroke Foundation, were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles identified from the data sources were included if they pertained to the conditions described in the objectives and provided unique information concerning use of statins. DATA SYNTHESIS: Substantial evidence exists for the use of statins in acute coronary syndromes. Meta-analyses of data from major clinical trials indicate that statins prevent first and recurrent stroke, and large-scale trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of statins in this setting. Accumulating evidence suggests that statins may be beneficial in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with peripheral arterial disease and end-stage renal disease, and results from ongoing trials may confirm these benefits. Statins may also have a future role in amelioration of other conditions associated with atherosclerosis, such as diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: A large body of evidence supports the evaluation of statins in clinical settings beyond primary and secondary prevention of morbidity and mortality associated with coronary atherosclerosis.
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Kovtunenko, L. V. "Actual problems of digitalization of education in educational organizations of the Federal Penal Service of Russia." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-2-285-289.
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Modernization of vocational education in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation «On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024» is designated as one of the priority directions of development of the country. Among the innovative approaches to the professional formation development and education of employees who are capable in modern conditions to ensure the high-quality functioning of the penal system we should highlight the creation of a digital educational environment. Digital educational environment is an open set of information systems aimed to solve problems of the educational process. The presence of this allows to create the conditions for the implementation of educational programs, the achievement of planned personal learning results. However digital learning is at the beginning of its path; in the process of introducing it into the education system many problematic issues are to be solved. Proponents and opponents of digital learning argue for the pros and cons of digitizing education. In our opinion digital technologies have become firmly established in our lives and their development continues actively. The results of a survey conducted among cadets and students of educational organizations of the Federal Penal Service of Russia determine the search for opportunities for digitalization of the learning process as well as new goals and directions for the educational process.
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Hall, Kathleen M., and Russell V. Luepker. "Is Hypercholesterolemia a Risk Factor and Should it Be Treated in the Elderly?" American Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 6 (July 2000): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-14.6.347.
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Purpose. The 1993 National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines recommend cholesterol screening for elderly patients with and without known coronary heart disease. This review summarizes clinical trial evidence from the medical literature that addresses cholesterol treatment in the elderly. Data Sources. References were obtained from a MEDLINE search, bibliographies, metaanalyses, and review articles. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Randomized, controlled clinical trials, including all lipid intervention trials with elderly participants or subgroup analyses of the elderly designed to measure major cardiovascular disease endpoints, were selected. Data Extraction Methods. A MEDLINE search of all clinical trials using key search terms yielded 1360 references. Journal titles and abstracts were reviewed for all references by one of us (K.M.H.). A full journal review was undertaken for 41 references to clinical trials. Five clinical trials fulfilled all criteria and represented unique data. Data Synthesis. A MEDLINE search (from 1966 to January 2000) and bibliography reviews yielded five important clinical trials with analyses of elderly participants. Data are presented in text form and a summary table. Major Conclusions. Clinical trial evidence supports treating hyperlipidemia in elderly persons for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Evidence from four secondary prevention trials demonstrated that major coronary heart disease risk decreased by 25% to 30% in elderly subjects treated for 5 years. Unanswered questions include cholesterol treatment for primary prevention in the elderly, gender effect, and benefit of treatment in persons older than 70.
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Ghawami, Heshmatollah, Seyed Behnam Jazayeri, Azad Sabeti Nowsud, Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini, Armin Shirvani, Maryam Kheyri, Shayan Abdollah Zadegan, et al. "National Guidelines for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Iranian Traumatic Brain Injury Patients." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.108.
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Background: Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. Methods: The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients’ conditions. The final decision-making, with the contribution of a national interdisciplinary panel of 37 experts from across the country, was conducted in two rounds using online and offline survey forms (Round 1), and face-to-face and telephone meetings (Round 2). Results: A total of 63 recommendations in six sections were included in the final list of recommendations, among which 24 were considered as key recommendations. In addition, some of the recommendations were identified as fundamental, meaning that proper implementation of the other recommendations is largely dependent on their implementation. Conclusion: Iranian health policy makers and rehabilitation program managers are recommended to address some fundamental issues to provide the necessary infrastructure to set up an efficient cognitive rehabilitation service system.