Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health

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Academic literature on the topic 'National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health"

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Alhammadi, Yasir, Abdelrahman M. Farouk, and Rahimi A. Rahman. "Enhancing Construction Safety Education: Insights from Student Perspectives." Buildings 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030660.

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Construction safety education is crucial as it ensures worker well-being, improves construction quality, and contributes to sustainable infrastructure development and safeguarding lives. This study aims to examine students’ perceptions of construction safety education. A structured questionnaire survey aligned with the National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH) safety topics was used to collect data from students on their understanding of construction safety topics (CSTs). Data were gathered from 161 students and analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha, mean calculations, standard deviation measurements, normalization value, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and correlation analysis. The findings reveal a strong awareness and interest in fire safety, with variations across engineering faculties, academic years, and specific topics, suggesting the need for tailored educational strategies to improve construction safety knowledge and align education with industry needs. This study represents the first investigation into students’ comprehension of CSTs in Saudi Arabia. The study insights can guide decisionmakers in refining existing curriculums, ensuring students develop a strong understanding of safety protocols in construction projects. By aligning education with industry requirements, policymakers can enhance the preparedness of graduates, promoting safer practices in engineering. This contributes to the overall economic and safety progress of nations.
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Raja, Jawad, Zeenish Azhar, and Alberto Salmoiraghi. "Adult ADHD clinics in north Wales - case load prevalance & compliance with nice guidelines (quality evaluation project)." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S342—S343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.899.

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AimsMeasure compliance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations in four Adult CMHT'sGuide further service development.We audited the case notes of 20 patients each currently under care of 9 General Adult Consultants across 6 CMHT's in East side of North Wales against NICE standards using an adapted version of the ADHD audit support tool.My role in the Project & How does this represent my practice?I was the audit and overall lead for this projectI formulated the audit tool and registered my project with Audit Registration Team.I lead data collection and compilation of results.MethodOverall, this is the first audit of Adult ADHD Services in East side of North Wales.It established good compliance with NICE guidance for assessment and treatment.NICE has expressed the need for full mental health and social assessment including full history and physical examination prior to the drug treatment.Good compliance was observed in using & documenting Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-IV and/or ICD-10).There were deficiencies in conducting or arranging recommended physical examination & side effect monitoring.Drug treatment was the first line of treatment in the majority of cases.Antipsychotics were used in some patients referred for ADHD assessment, despite the fact that NICE has ruled out the use of antipsychotic drugs in treatment of core symptoms of ADHD.ResultPrevalence of Adult ADHD clinician case load in Wrexham and Fintshire Counties.Diagnosis of Adult ADHD according to ICD 10 & DSM IV Guidelines.Pre treatment screening of physical health for ADHD patients.Side effects monitoring of patients on stimulant medications.ConclusionThe finding highlights the need for more effort in educating clinicians about safety and effectiveness of antipsychotics in ADHD.Comprehensive treatment programmes that address psychological, behavioural, educational and occupational needs should be established.Development of local ADHD Clinics, support groups and in partnership with the voluntary sector should be encouraged.It is important that mental health professionals receive appropriate training in assessment, management & monitoring of ADHD patients with co morbid substance use disorder and other mental illnesses.BETSI Health Board to participate in national Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health (POMH-UK) Quality Improvement Programme (QIP) focusing on prescribing for ADHD in children, adolescents & adults.
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GARBER, M. "National Transportation Safety Board case studies." Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-0046(02)00008-0.

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Gebbie, Kristine, Bernard D. Goldstein, David I. Gregorio, Walter Tsou, Patricia Buffler, Donna Petersen, Charles Mahan, and Gillian B. Silver. "The National Board of Public Health Examiners: Credentialing Public Health Graduates." Public Health Reports 122, no. 4 (July 2007): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200403.

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The National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE, the Board) is the result of many years of intense discussion about the importance of credentialing within the public health community. The Board is scheduled to begin credentialing graduates of programs and schools of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) in 2008. Among the many activities currently underway to improve public health practice, the Board views credentialing as one pathway to heighten recognition of public health professionals and increase the overall effectiveness of public health practice. The process underway includes developing, preparing, administering, and evaluating a voluntary certification examination that tests whether graduates of CEPH-accredited schools and programs have mastered the core knowledge and skills relevant to contemporary public health practice. This credentialing initiative is occurring at a time of heightened interest in public health education, and an anticipated rapid turnover in the public health workforce. It is fully anticipated that active discussion about the credentialing process will continue as the Board considers the many aspects of this professional transition. The Board wishes to encourage these discussions and welcomes input on any aspects relating to implementation of the credentialing process.
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Shan, Desai, and Katherine Lippel. "Occupational Health and Safety Challenges From Employment-Related Geographical Mobility Among Canadian Seafarers on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291119870762.

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Seafaring involves multiple patterns of mobility. Ships are mobile workplaces that connect and disconnect from land. Many move within and between national boundaries. Maritime labor forces are recruited from multiple locations engaging in varying commutes to and from homeports—international commutes for international labor forces and internal commutes for national labor forces. Mobilities expose seafarers to a range of occupational health and safety hazards, which can be exacerbated by mobility-related constraints on regulatory protections. Based on legal analysis and twenty-five semi-structured interviews with Canadian seafarers, managers, and key informants, this exploratory study examines how employment-related geographical mobility may create occupational health and safety challenges for Canadian seafarers working on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Findings show that few legal instruments are available to protect seafarers from commuting-related occupational hazards and that occupational health and safety challenges are numerous. Seafarers’ occupational health and safety rights on board are restricted and they are systemically discouraged from raising safety concerns.
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Nadler, David. "Workforce Diversity and Occupational Hearing Health." Safety 9, no. 2 (April 13, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety9020023.

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Hearing loss is one of the more common occupation health hazards across the globe yet is preventable. Extensive research has been done across a number of industries measuring the magnitude and frequency of hearing impairment. This study uses the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to analyze hearing impairment in the United States. Regression and structural equation models were developed utilizing this publicly available data. A statistically significant correlation exists between general hearing condition and ethnicity, χ2 (30, N = 8897) = 264.817, p < 0.001. A statistically significant correlation exists in this database between general hearing condition and gender, χ2 (6, N = 8897) = 40.729, p < 0.001. An ordinal logistic regression was significant between the general health and ethnicity, χ2 (30, N = 5968) = 212.123, p < 0.001. A structural equation model presents the first of its type for this area of research. Focusing on addressing diversity issues may be the foundation for hearing health improvement. Tools such as smartphone apps may be useful for tracking hearing loss within the workforce.
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Mannion, Russell, Tim Freeman, Ross Millar, and Huw Davies. "Effective board governance of safe care: a (theoretically underpinned) cross-sectioned examination of the breadth and depth of relationships through national quantitative surveys and in-depth qualitative case studies." Health Services and Delivery Research 4, no. 4 (January 2016): 1–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr04040.

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BackgroundRecent high-profile reports into serious failings in the quality of hospital care in the NHS raise concerns over the ability of trust boards to discharge their duties effectively.ObjectivesOur study aimed to generate theoretically grounded empirical evidence on the associations between board governance, patient safety processes and patient-centred outcomes. The specific aims were as follows: (1) to identify the types of governance activities undertaken by hospital trust boards in the English NHS with regard to ensuring safe care in their organisation; (2) in foundation trusts, to explore the role of boards and boards of governors with regards to the oversight of patient safety in their organisation; (3) to assess the association between particular hospital trust board oversight activities and patient safety processes and clinical outcomes; (4) to identify the facilitators and barriers to developing effective hospital trust board governance of safe care; and (5) to assess the impact of external commissioning arrangements and incentives on hospital trust board oversight of patient safety.MethodsThe study comprised three distinct but interlocking strands: (1) a narrative systematic review in order to describe, interpret and synthesise key findings and debates concerning board oversight of patient safety; (2) in-depth mixed-methods case studies in four organisations to assess the impact of hospital board governance and external incentives on patient safety processes and outcomes; and (3) two national surveys exploring board management in NHS acute and specialist hospital trusts in England, and relating board characteristics to whole-organisation outcomes.ResultsA very high proportion of trust boards reported the kinds of desirable characteristics and board-related processes that research says may be associated with higher performance. Our analysis of the symbolic aspects of board activities highlights the role and differences in local processes of organising the governance of patient safety. Most boards do allocate a considerable amount of time to discussing patient safety and quality-related issues and were using a wide range of hard performance metrics and soft intelligence to monitor its organisation with regard to patient safety. Although the board of governors is generally perceived to be well-meaning, they were also considered to be being largely ineffective in helping to promote and deliver safer care for their organisations. We did not find any statistically significant relationship between board attributes (self-reported) and processes and any patient safety outcome measures. However, we did find a significant relationship between two dimensions of the Board Self-Assessment Questionnaire and two specific-and-related national staff survey organisational ‘process’ measures: (1) staff feeling safe to raise concerns about errors, near-misses and incidents and (2) staff feeling confident that their organisation would address their concerns, if raised. We also found that contracting and external financial incentives appeared to play only a relatively minor role in incentivising quality and safety improvement.ConclusionsOur research is the first large-scale mixed-methods study of hospital board activity and behaviour related to the oversight of patient safety in the English NHS and the key findings should be used to influence the design of future governance arrangements as well as the training and support of board. Our finding that board governance/competencies appear to be linked to staff feeling safe to raise concerns about patient safety issues, and also their confidence that their organisation would address their concern, is worthy of further and more sustained exploration, particularly in the context of the current focus on improving whistleblowing policies in the NHS.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Dekhtyar, Michael, Linette P. Ross, Jean D’Angelo, Jeanne Guernsey, Karen E. Hauer, Luan Lawson, Martin V. Pusic, and Richard E. Hawkins. "Validity of the Health Systems Science Examination: Relationship Between Examinee Performance and Time of Training." American Journal of Medical Quality 35, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860619853349.

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The health systems science (HSS) framework articulates systems-relevant topics that medical trainees must learn to be prepared for physician practice. As new HSS-related curricula are developed, measures demonstrating appropriate levels of reliability and validity are needed. The authors describe a collaborative effort between a consortium of medical schools and the National Board of Medical Examiners to create a multiple-choice HSS examination in the areas of evidence-based medicine/population health, patient safety, quality improvement, and teamwork. Fifteen schools administered the 100-question examination through 2 academic years a total of 1887 times to 1837 first-time takers. Total test score mean was 67% (SD 11%). Total test reliability as measured by coefficient α was .83. This examination differentiated between medical students who completed the examination before, during, and after relevant training/instruction. This new HSS examination can support and inform the efforts of institutions as they integrate HSS-related content into their curricula.
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Maroor, Parimala S., B. S. Pushpalatha, Sangeetha Kodkani, Lourdu Shruthi, Damaraju Ashwini, Anjali Sharma, Himanshu Negandhi, Suresh S. Shapeti, and Sanjay P. Zodpey. "Strengthening of District/Taluk Level Hospitals Through Implementation of Post-graduate Medical Courses in Karnataka, India." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, no. 1 (2024): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_125_23.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the requirement of human resource for health (HRH) stands at 44.5 skilled health workers per 10,000 population. WHO recognizes India as one of the countries which has HRH crisis. Karnataka, a southern state in India, has the highest number of medical colleges yet faces the shortage of specialists in the public hospitals. We conducted desk review to understand the HRH crisis, particularly the medical specialists in India. Simultaneously, we conducted secondary research to explore the initiatives taken by the Government of Karnataka (GoK) to mitigate the shortage of medical specialists in the rural areas. GoK scaled up the National Board of Examination in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) postgraduate and super-speciality courses such as Diplomate of National Board (DNB), Diploma, and Doctorate of National Board (DrNB) in district hospitals (minimum 250–500 bedded) and taluk hospitals (minimum 100 bedded) by utilizing the existing resources. Karnataka is the first state in India to expand the NBEMS (DNB and Diploma) courses in taluk hospitals and to begin DrNB courses in district hospitals. The paper documents the process of implementation of the NBEMS courses at district and taluk hospitals of Karnataka, which has supported in strengthening these hospitals in the state.
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El Hadri, Mohamed, Omar Idrissi Kaitouni, Mounir Marrakchi, Tarik Ghailan, and Rachid Amiri. "P-378 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIANS AND ERGONOMICS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1046.

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Abstract Introduction The Association is dedicated to promoting professional integrity and providing high-quality training to occupational health physicians. Its primary mission is to safeguard workers’ health in compliance with labor regulations. Methods The Association employs diverse methods, including preparing physicians for national qualifications in occupational medicine, participating in labor authority meetings, and representing occupational health physicians at professional events. It frequently organizes roundtable discussions and actively engages in national and regional initiatives to promote occupational medicine. Additionally, it plays an active role in COVID-19 prevention by participating in vaccination, employee monitoring, and using radio and TV to raise awareness. It collaborates closely with the national medical board to address challenges related to practicing occupational medicine in Northern Morocco. Results The study’s results underscore the Association’ success in achieving its objectives. It has effectively strengthened bonds among occupational health professionals and represented all associations in Northern Morocco. Active participation in national and international meetings, along with a commitment to occupational medicine and ergonomics training, keeps it at the forefront of occupational health and safety developments. Specific activities, such as preparing physicians for national qualifications, have also been notably successful. Discussion Its commendable efforts to strengthen relationships among occupational health professionals, provide quality training, and actively participate in national and international initiatives make it a key player in safeguarding worker health and promoting best practices in occupational medicine. Conclusion The Association plays a vital role in advancing worker health and occupational medicine in Northern Morocco.
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Books on the topic "National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Employment, Safety, and Training. FAIR Act: Balancing the scales of justice for small business : hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment, Safety, and Training of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, on to allow the recovery of attorney's fees and costs by certain employers and labor organizations ... July 29, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on Robert E. Rader, Jr., of Texas, to be a member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, March 12, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on Robert E. Rader, Jr., of Texas, to be a member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, March 12, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on Robert E. Rader, Jr., of Texas, to be a member of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, March 12, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on John A. Pendergrass, of Minnesota, to be an Assistant Secretary of Labor (for Occupational Safety and Health), Department of Labor, May 9, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on John A. Pendergrass, of Minnesota, to be an Assistant Secretary of Labor (for Occupational Safety and Health), Department of Labor, May 9, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on John A. Pendergrass, of Minnesota, to be an Assistant Secretary of Labor (for Occupational Safety and Health), Department of Labor, May 9, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Nominations: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on Marshall B. Babson, of Connecticut, and Wilford W. Johansen, of California, to be members of the National Labor Relations Board, May 8, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Gulf War illnesses: Understanding of health effects from depleted uranium evolving but safety training needed : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human. Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session on Dorothy Livingston Strunk, of Maryland, to be Assistant Secretary of Labor (for Mine Safety and Health), U.S. Department of Labor, July 29, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health"

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"Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis." In Dangerous Properties of Industrial and Consumer Chemicals, 16. CRC Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482293500-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health"

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Rakhimzianov, A. R. "DYNAMICS OF OCCUPATIONAL MORBIDITY AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN FOR 2019‑2022." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-385-389.

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When analyzing cases of occupational diseases in the machine–building enterprise of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that they were most often diagnosed during medical examinations (RT - 84%, in the machine-building enterprise –100%). This indicates the effectiveness, stability and high quality of medical examinations(PME), which allow to establish occupational diseases at an early stage. The positive results in terms of the detection of occupational diseases during PME and the reduction of morbidity at the machine-building enterprise are due to the transition of the enterprise to new principles of occupational health and industrial safety management based on the international standards OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2015 and, of course, thanks to the competent construction of a policy in the field of personnel health protection. The leading nosological form in the structure of occupational pathology is sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), which accounts for about a third (30%) of the diagnoses of occupational diseases registered at the enterprise. It should be noted that at this enterprise, the dependence of the increase in the detection of occupational diseases without disability and occupational diseases with disability is traced. It can be argued that occupational diseases are actively detected at the initial stages without separate organs and systems, therefore, during the examination, the links of diseases with professional workers are recognized as professionally suitable. The rational use of the occupational safety management system and the correct distribution of functions between personnel and structures in the enterprise make it possible to effectively achieve the goals and objectives set for a long time.
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Skavronskaya, M. V., and I. N. Fedina. "THE STRUCTURE OF PRIORITY FORMS OF SOMATIC PATHOLOGY AND DISEASES OF VISUAL ORGAN IN EMPLOYEES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-423-427.

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Due to the multifactorial impact of the working and environmental environment and the labor process on the body of drivers, the identification of priority pathology in order to preserve high visual functions is an important task to preserve human resources and ensure transport safety. The study of the structure of diseases of the eye and its accessory apparatus, as well as priority forms of somatic pathology, was carried out through a retrospective analysis of 4,240 outpatient records of professional drivers of vehicles of all categories who underwent periodic medical examination (PME) at the clinic of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health in 2020‑2022. Among the surveyed drivers, 32.1% suffer from obesity, arterial hypertension and essential hypertension established were diagnosed in 1.3 and 16.6% of drivers, respectively; diabetes mellitus — in 2.7%; сardiac ischemia — in 0.9%. The structure of the pathology of the organ of vision of employees of a transport enterprise was determined based on the results of periodic medical examinations in 2021‑2022: 76.8% of drivers of vehicles of various categories have a pathology of the organ of vision; the leading group of ophthalmic pathologies are refractive errors, among which hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism prevail (28.9% of the number of drivers); there was a trend for a significant increase in cases of hyperopic refraction after 40 years; the proportion of workers with a refractive error or a combination of them in the group of drivers is higher than in the general structure of all cases of completed medical examination.
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Sadique, S., D. Beversluis, GNC Caleo, W. Carter, SM Chowdhury, NSB Gray, E. Hossain, et al. "Assessing the feasibility of collaborating with factories to improve work safety in Kamrangirchar, Dhaka, Bangladesh: participatory before-and-after intervention study." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/bzht-7p36.

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INTRODUCTION Addressing occupational injury and disease has been declared a national priority in Bangladesh. However critical gaps remain in improving work safety in small-scale peri-urban factories. We aimed to assess the feasibility of collaborating with owners and workers to design and implement interventions to improve work safety in two metal factories in Kamrangirchar, Dhaka. METHODS We implemented a participatory mixed methods before-and-after study with four phases. Phase 1 explored the dynamics of injuries, hazards, and risks using hazard assessments, surveillance, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Triangulation of phase 1 findings informed design and implementation of intervention packages implemented in phase 2. In phases 3 and 4, we repeated hazard assessments and used qualitative methods to document changes in hazards and perspectives at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Observations captured by field notes complemented data generated throughout the study. ETHICS The study was approved by the MSF Ethical Review Board (ERB) and by the ERB of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh. RESULTS Overall 136 workers in two factories (A and B) participated in the study (with a turnover of 41.5%). Surveillance captured 129 injuries during phase 1 (from 10th March 2019 in factory A and 30th April 2019 in factory B, to 31st July 2019), and all workers aged under 18 years experienced incidents. Hazard assessments documented hazard risk scores (HRS) of 54% in factory A and 36% in factory B. Qualitative data indicated workers perceived their work as risky, but explained it was prioritised over their health due to financial necessity. Phase 2 intervention packages included engineering controls, personal protective equipment, infrastructure safety and training. Factory owners and workers actively participated in design and implementation. Phase 3 showed a two-fold reduction in HRS in factory A (24%) and a 1.5-fold reduction (21%) in factory B. Phase 4 hazard assessment revealed that improvement was sustained in one factory; the final HRS was 27% in factory A, but returned to the pre-intervention score of 36% in factory B. Workers explained they observed improvements in workplace safety but noted challenges in sustainability due to owner commitment and worker turnover. Observation and qualitative data revealed complex power dynamics in the factories, as well as power imbalances and risks faced by female and young workers. CONCLUSION It was feasible to collaborate with workers and owners to implement interventions aimed at improving work safety. However, sustainability was mixed, and long-standing structural inequities that contribute to poor safety remain. Findings indicate urgent action is needed to improve safety and build an inclusive model of occupational health, including social and protection components, with particular attention for female workers and workers aged under 18. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared
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Camargo, Hugo E., Adam K. Smith, Peter G. Kovalchik, and Rudy J. Matetic. "Noise Source Identification on a Continuous Mining Machine." In ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73024.

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Noise Induced Hearing Loss is the most common occupational disease in the U.S. and of paramount importance in the mining industry. According to data for 2006 from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), Continuous Miner operators accounted for 30.2% of underground mining equipment operators with noise doses exceeding the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). This figure becomes more significant considering that 49% of the 2006 national underground coal production was extracted using continuous mining methods. Thus, there is a clear need to reduce the sound radiated by Continuous Mining Machines. The first step towards efficient noise control of a Continuous Mining Machine requires identification of the various noise sources under controlled operating conditions. To this end, a 42-microphone phased array was used in conjunction with 4 reference microphones to sample the acoustic field of a machine in the Hemi-anechoic chamber of the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. These data were processed using a frequency-domain beamforming algorithm to obtain acoustic maps of 5 sides of the machine. The focus of the test was on the conveyor noise since previous studies showed that operation of the conveyor is the most important contributor to the sound radiated by the machine. From the acoustic maps, the following potential areas for noise control were identified, and included: chain-tail-roller interaction, chain flight tip-side board interaction, and chain-upper deck interaction.
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Ramirez, Juan C., Russell A. Ogle, and Andrew R. Carpenter. "Risk Evaluation and the NFPA 654 Layer Depth Criteria for Dust Explosion and Flash Fire Hazards." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52155.

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What is an acceptable thickness of accumulated combustible dust in an industrial facility? Combustible dusts present both flash fire and explosion hazards. Companies which generate, handle, process, store, or distribute combustible dusts need to cost-effectively manage these hazards. In the United States, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) has stepped up its enforcement activity and is conducting inspections at these locations to verify that the facility is being operated in accordance with recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP). The combustible dust safety standard from the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 654 (1) is often cited as the RAGAGEP for combustible dust risk management. One aspect of combustible dust risk management is the monitoring and control of fugitive dust accumulation on horizontal surfaces. NFPA 654 gives specific guidance on how to determine an acceptable level of combustible dust accumulation using different risk scenarios. These acceptable levels or thresholds were only recently added as requirements in the 2013 edition of NFPA 654 and there is debate as to whether they are accurate. An examination of this guidance reveals that it is very conservative because it omits consideration of several distinct events necessary for a dust deflagration or flash fire to occur. NFPA 654, 2013 edition presents four techniques to determine if a flash fire or explosion hazard exists in a building or enclosure. These are: the layer depth criterion, Mass Method A, Mass method B, and Risk Evaluation. The standard gives explicit directions on how to calculate critical layer thickness using the first three methods. The standard does not give guidance on how to conduct a risk evaluation. In this paper we present a risk evaluation based on the NFPA 654 layer depth criteria. We formulate the dust accumulation scenario as a sequence of distinct events, estimate probabilities for each event, and illustrate how the NFPA 654 guidelines generally skew the layer depth criteria towards lower values. It is argued that the NFPA 654 guidance may result in layer depth criteria that are too conservatively low for facilities that manage marginally combustible dusts. In those facilities a more quantitative risk analysis will likely yield better, i.e., more practical criteria.
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