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1
Roy, Namrata Singha, and Ishita Mukhopadhyay. "Emerging Challenges of Rural Labour Market: Insights from Indian Villages." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 18, no. 1 (September 13, 2018): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747918795227.
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This article has examined the labour market behaviour of rural India, with the objective to assess the changes taking place in the structure of the workforce and attempts to identify the factors affecting the changes in rural labour supply. In particular, this article tries to address the inconsistency between absolute declines in labour force, particularly rural females at national level, with the micro-level evidences of feminisation in farm work through the estimation of labour supply function. Empirical findings indicate an increasing trend in female participation, particularly aged in rural India. The significant positive association of occupation dummy with male labour supply and negative association with female labour supply, in one way, explains the greater participation of male workers in non-farm work and higher concentration of females in farm activities. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to promote initiatives such as youth entrepreneurship in agriculture to retain youth in farming, encourage innovations in designing appropriate location-specific machineries and tools which are female-friendly, and also organise capacity-building programmes for skill augmentation focusing rural female workers. JEL: J21, J43, J42, J16
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VERDON, NICOLA. "AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AND THE CONTESTED NATURE OF WOMEN'S WORK IN INTERWAR ENGLAND AND WALES." Historical Journal 52, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007334.
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ABSTRACTThis article uses a case-study of agriculture to explore the range of anxieties and contradictions surrounding women's work in the interwar period. National statistics are shown to be inconsistent and questionable, raising questions for historians reliant on official data, but they point to regional variation as the continuous defining feature of female labour force participation. Looking beyond the quantitative data a distinction emerges between traditional work on the land and processes. The article shows that women workers in agriculture provoked vigorous debate among a range of interest groups about the scale, nature, and suitability of this work. These groups, such as the National Federation of Women's Institutes, the Women's Farm and Garden Association, and the National Union of Agricultural Workers represented a range of social classes and outlooks, and had diverse agendas underpinning their interest. Consequently women's agricultural labour is exposed as a site of class and gender conflict, connecting to wider economic and cultural tensions surrounding the place of women in interwar society.
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Street, Richard Steven. "Delano Diary: The Visual Adventure and Social Documentary Work of Jon Lewis, Photographer of the Delano, California Grape Strike, 1966-1970." Southern California Quarterly 91, no. 2 (2009): 191–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41172470.
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An account of Jon Lewis, photo-journalist and participant in the National Farm Workers Association's (NFWA) Delano, California, grape strike and march on Sacramento in 1966, that explores the struggle to treat participants with dignity while experiencing first-hand the hardships they underwent. In retrospect, Lewis helped to define César Chávez, La Causa, and photo-journalism.
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Muhtarom, Ahmad, Teguh Djuharyanto, and Adhi Iman Sulaiman. "FARMERS EMPOWERMENT ON FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN ENGGAL MAJU FARMERS GROUP ASSOCIATION OF KEBUMEN REGENCY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.8415.
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Agriculture is a strategic sector in national development because it plays an important role infood availability and realizes food security. The Farmer's attitude is one of the determining aspects toinvolvement farmers in empowerment programs for food security. A research, aiming to describe thefarmer's attitude and analyze the farmer's attitudes and the influence factors that influence the farmer'sattitudes on the food security empowerment program. The research used mixed method, the number ofresearch respondents was 60 farmers members of the farmer's group association Enggal Maju KebumenDistrict, determined by cluster random sampling, and for qualitative data, the informants were selectedpurposively. The Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptive analysis and the influence factors offarmers' attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptiveanalysis and the influence factors of farmer's attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Theresult show that the farmer's attitudes in terms of cognitive, affective, and conative components towardthe objectives program were high, farmer's attitudes towards, the target, implementation, and benefits ofthe program were very highly classified. Farm size, personal experience, and the influence of the important people were a significant effect on the farmer's attitudes in food security empowermentprograms. The need to maximize the function of farmer’s groups, consistency of extension workers,agencies and heads of Gapoktan assist and guide farmers so that the sustainability of activities ismaintained
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Baidwan, Navneet Kaur, Marizen R. Ramirez, Fred Gerr, Daniel Boonstra, Joseph E. Cavanaugh, and Carri Casteel. "Cost, Severity and Prevalence of Agricultural-Related Injury Workers’ Compensation Claims in Farming Operations from 14 U.S. States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084309.
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(1) Background: There is no national surveillance of agricultural injuries, despite agricultural occupations being among the most hazardous in the U.S. This effort uses workers’ compensation (WC) data to estimate the burden of agricultural injuries and the likelihood of experiencing an injury by body part involved, cause, and nature in farming operations. (2) Methods: WC data from 2010 to 2016 provided by a large insurance company covering small to medium-sized farm operations from 14 U.S. states was used. We investigated the associations between injury characteristics and WC costs and the risk of having a more severe versus a less severe claim. The proportion of costs attributable to specific claim types was calculated. (3) Results: Of a total 1000 claims, 67% were medical only. The total cost incurred by WC payable claims (n = 866) was USD 21.5 million. Of this, 96% was attributable to more severe claims resulting in disabilities or death. The most common body part injured was the distal upper extremity. Falling or flying objects and collisions were the most expensive and common causes of injury. (4) Conclusions: Characterizing the cost and severity of agricultural injury by key injury characteristics may be useful when prioritizing prevention efforts in partnership with insurance companies and agricultural operations.
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PADUNGTOD, PAWIN, JOHN B. KANEENE, DAVID L. WILSON, JULIA BELL, and JOHN E. LINZ. "Determination of Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic Acid Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni with a Fluorogenic Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.2.319.
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A fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction assay for the gyrA gene was used to determine the frequency of a Thr-86 mutation in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from food animals and humans in northern Thailand and to investigate the correlation between this mutation and bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones. Eighty-four isolates of C. jejuni were used: 65 from healthy chickens on farms, 16 from chickens at the slaughterhouse, 1 from chicken meat at the market, and 1 from a healthy farm worker. The microbroth dilution technique was used for in vitro susceptibility testing. MIC breakpoints established by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System were used to categorize the resistance of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Sixty of the 84 C. jejuni isolates tested carried the Thr-86 mutation in the gyrA gene. All isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥ 2 mg/liter carried the mutation, and no isolates with nalidixic acid MICs of ≤16 mg/liter carried the Thr-86–to–Ile mutation. There was a very strong association between ciprofloxacin resistance and the presence of the mutation (kappa = 0.971, P < 0.01). The association between the presence of the Thr-86–to–Ile mutation and nalidixic acid resistance was weaker (kappa = 0.859; P ≤ 0.01).
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Dewi, Ratri Purnama, Monita Deka Martiwi, Yolanda Fikrina Aziza, Ratih Fitria Putri, Sri Rahayu Budiani, and Abraham Cardénas Tristan. "Farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park: socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020004004.
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Wonorejo is one of the village near Baluran National Park, East Java that dominated by farm workers. The total farm workers in Wonorejo Village up to 45% by 2018. We know that farm workers are vulnerable groups which have high risk in poverty. But, these groups actually exist in the village. The purpose of this study is to describe socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets of farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park, East Java. We used primary data with households survey and descriptive quantitative method of analysis. According to social characteristics it is known that the most of household heads of farm workers in Wonorejo Village did not finish primary school (46%) and only 65% of farm workers were all members in healthy condition. According to demographic characteristics, most of farm worker households were headed by male and the number of family members was quite diverse, the average age of farm workers more than 64 years. The result also showed that savings were the one of farm workers strategy for survival.
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Aga, Ovaise. "Assessment of the Practices and Health Related Toxic Symptoms of Pesticides use among Farm Workers in Nowpora Kalan of Baramulla, Kashmir." Indian Journal of Holistic Nursing 13, no. 03 (November 5, 2022): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2348.2133.202210.
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Background: Pesticide as defined by FAO (1986) comprise any substance or mixture of substance intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during, or otherwise interfering with, the production processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities (including commodities such as raw cereals, sugar beet, and cottonseed) wood products, or animal feedstuff, or which may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids, or other pests on or their bodies. Objectives: To assess the practices of pesticides use among farm workers. To assess the health related toxic symptoms of pesticides use among farm workers. To find out the association between practices and health related toxic symptoms of pesticide use among farm workers. To find out the association of practices of pesticide use among farm workers with selected socio-demographic variables. Methodology: A quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was used. 100 Farm workers working in Nowpora Kalan of Baramulla Kashmir were selected by Convenience sampling. Results: The level of practices of pesticides use among farm workers, the result reveals that 12% of farm workers had good practice, 79% had average practice and 9% of farm workers had poor practice regarding practices of pesticides use with an average mean and SD of 24.12±6.08. Conclusion: The findings of the study shows that 12% of farm workers had good practice, 79% had average practice and 9% of farm workers had poor practice regarding practices of pesticides use.
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Bletzer, Keith V., Alicia Gonzales, Monica Saavedra, Sylvia Partida, and Bobbi Ryder. "HIV Prevention Toolkit for Unaccompanied Men Who Perform Agricultural Labor." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v10i1.1496.
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Farm workers are vulnerable to irregular employment and job uncertainty. These conditions increase the likelihood they will find themselves in living and working sites where risk for HIV is present. Considering the exacerbated risk for HIV among unaccompanied male agricultural workers, a national non-profit farm worker health training and technical assistance organization planned and developed an HIV prevention-education toolkit to assist migrant and community health centers with HIV education to reach this population of vulnerable male farm workers. This article reviews iterative development of the toolkit in three phases, outlines the process whereby community input grounded the product in ways that were culturally responsive and linguistically appropriate for the target population of male farm workers, explores implications of the project as a national initiative to reduce HIV risks in a sizeable but dispersed community, and briefly describes how the overall project was assessed through community-based strategies.
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Buaski, Jaqueline Portella, Cristiana Magni, Cristina Ide Fujinaga, Leslie Palma Gorski, and Juliana De Conto. "Exposure of tobacco farm working mothers to pesticides and the effects on the infants’ auditory health." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 4 (August 2018): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620182042218.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to check and compare female farm workers’ and female tobacco farm workers’ behavior related to the use of pesticides after the pregnancy diagnosis and their effect on the infants’ hearing. Methods: a cross-sectional analytical observational study developed with 59 female farming mothers. From these, 25 were tobacco farm workers (Group F) and 34 were farm workers for other crops (Group A - control). The results of the hearing screening of 59 infants, from both groups, were verified. The anamnesis to raise the risk factor indicators for hearing disabilities as well as the caption of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs) was accomplished. Results: tobacco farming is directly related to the use of pesticides (p=0.0043); laundry of clothes worn to apply the pesticides is an indirect means of exposure/ contamination by pesticides and/or chemical substances (p=0.018); the association between pass/fail results and Hearing Disabilities Risk Indicators (HDRI) of infants in both groups (tobacco farm workers and other workers) did not show significant statistical differences. Conclusion: effects on the hearing health of infants of female tobacco farm workers and other farm workers exposed to pesticides were not found in this research. Further studies on this theme are suggested.
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Wardani, Dias Rizqi, and Siti Inayatul Faizah. "KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PENGGARAP SAWAH PADA PENERAPAN AKAD MUZARA'AH DENGAN PENDEKATAN MAQASHID SYARI'AH DI TULUNGAGUNG." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 7 (January 17, 2020): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20197pp1450-1461.
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Muzara’ah is the contract between farm workers and farm owners in which, cost of cultivations, seeds, and fertilizers are provided by the farm owners, meanwhile the farm workers have responsibility in giving their best efforts on cultivating the farmland. Later then, the harvest will be shared according to the contract that has been agreed. The purpose of this research is to describe farmer’s welfare in the village of Sodo after implementing Muzara’ah Contract with the Maqashid Sharia approach. This research approach is qualitative descriptive and uses case study as its strategy. Informants in this research are administrator from Krido Tani Farmers Association, The farm workers, and the farm owners. These informants determined by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques are carried out through interview and direct observation. According to the research, it was shown that agricultural cooperation with Muzara’ah Contract has a role in improving farm workers’ welfare, viewed from the indicators of Maqasid Sharia.Keywords : Muzara’ah, Welfare, Farmer, Agricultural Cooperation
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Luo, Tianyuan, and Cesar Escalante. "Employer-provided health benefits and employment decisions of US farm workers." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-12-2016-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of employer-provided health benefits (EPHBs) on labor supply decisions of documented and undocumented farm workers. By establishing a significant linkage between EPHB and farm work decisions, this study provides important implications for farm employment retention and the financial sustainability of farm businesses. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, objective (actual) and subjective (expected) employment data are used as outcome variables analyzed under an ordered probit model, with the data pre-processed using the coarsened exact matching method to reduce endogeneity issues within the estimation. Findings Results confirm the influence of EPHB on farm workers’ decisions to remain employed on the farm as well as on the duration of their farm employment. Comparatively, EPHB significantly influences undocumented farm workers’ decisions on actual employment duration and subjective working expectations while documented workers seem to ascribe less importance to EPHB in their farm employment decisions. Practical implications This study provides important financial and business viability implications as the value of farm labor services retained through EPHB can translate to high opportunity losses, if ineffective. Alternative labor-saving strategies, such as mechanization, can only potentially lead to serious financial challenges for agribusiness firms, especially small-scale farm operations. This study emphasizes the need for more effective employment retention incentives for the sake of sustaining farm business viability. Originality/value This study presents empirical evidence on the important influence of EPHB on farm employment decisions, especially those made by undocumented farm workers, that have not been extensively explored in literature.
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Rahmawati, Anita, and Wahyu Wibisono. "Inflammatory Response and Lung Function Toward Illness Perception of Poultry Farm Workers." Current Journal: International Journal Applied Technology Research 2, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/ijatr.v2i1.44.
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The poultry farm workers should aware to the risk of respiratory disorders. The illness perception represents belief about health condition of the body. The inhaled organic particles at poultry farm area could trigger chain of immunological reactions that begin from the release of neutrophil and lymphocyte up to fibrogenesis resulted in pulmonary dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the association between inflammatory response and lung function with illness perception of poultry farm workers.The study used observasional analytic methods with cross sectional design. One hundred and five poultry farm worker were taken as samples which obtained by purposive sampling methods. Illness Perception Questionnaire-Occupational Respiratory Disorder Risk (IPQ-ORDR) was used to measure the illness perception while the inflammatory response was measured by neutrophil levels. The lung function examination resulted in several lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC and FEV1 to FVC ratio). The results showed that there was no association between the inflammatory response and illness perception (p = 0.228) and the lung function was associated with illness perception (p = 0.001). The illness perception is not always match with the actual respiratory health conditions in poultry farm workers. It is needed to provide more information on the risk of respiratory disorders to the poultry farm workers.
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Aguirre, Michael D. "Identities, Quandaries, and Emotions." Southern California Quarterly 102, no. 3 (2020): 222–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.3.222.
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The issue of transborder mobility posed a dilemma for U.S. labor organizations and for border communities that embraced workers, customers, and family connections from Mexico. Labor leaders including Ernesto Galarza of the National Farm Labor Union (NFLU) and César Chávez of the United Farm Workers (UFW) had to find ways of protecting U.S. citizen workers and yet humanely addressing the plight of resident aliens, permitted commuters, and undocumented workers from Mexico. Their strategies involved knowledge production and had to accommodate emotions. The article focuses on the Imperial-Mexicali borderlands, 1950s–1970s.
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Govindasamy, Krpasha, Eric M. C. Etter, Bernice N. Harris, Jennifer Rossouw, Darrell A. Abernethy, and Peter N. Thompson. "Knowledge of Brucellosis, Health-Seeking Behaviour, and Risk Factors for Brucella Infection amongst Workers on Cattle Farms in Gauteng, South Africa." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2021): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111484.
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Brucellosis in humans is under-detected and underreported in sub-Saharan Africa. Risk factors associated with Brucella infection and health seeking behaviour in response to brucellosis-like symptoms, amongst cattle farm workers and veterinary officials in South Africa, are unknown. Farm workers and veterinary officials (N = 230) were screened for brucellosis using commercial Rose Bengal Test (RBT®), IgM Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA)®, IgG ELISA® and the BrucellaCapt® test. Knowledge of brucellosis and risk factors for exposure to Brucella were also investigated. Seroprevalence varied according to test used: 10.1% (RBT®), 20.9% (IgG ELISA®) and 6.5% (BrucellaCapt®). Only 22.2% (6/27) of veterinary officials opt to visit a clinic, doctor, or hospital in response to self-experienced brucellosis-like symptoms, compared to 74.9% (152/203) of farm workers (p < 0.001). Of the BrucellaCapt® seropositive participants, 53% (7/15) did not visit a clinic in response to brucellosis-like symptoms. Weak evidence of an association between the handling of afterbirth or placenta and infection of a short evolution (RBT®, IgM ELISA® and IgG ELISA® seropositive) was found (OR = 8.9, 95% CI: 1.0–81.1, p = 0.052), and strong evidence of an association between this outcome and the slaughter of cattle (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.4–19.6, p = 0.013). There was strong evidence of a positive association between inactive/resolved infection and veterinary officials vs. farm workers exposed to seropositive herds (OR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.4–20.2, p < 0.001), with a simultaneous negative association with the handling of afterbirth or placenta (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3–11.3, p = 0.012). Findings suggest a proportion of undetected clinical cases of brucellosis amongst workers on cattle farms in Gauteng.
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LANGE, H., J. ØVERBØ, K. BORGEN, S. DUDMAN, G. HODDEVIK, A. M. URDAHL, L. VOLD, and S. K. SJURSETH. "Hepatitis E in Norway: seroprevalence in humans and swine." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002144.
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SUMMARYIn Norway, no published data on seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in humans and swine exists. Serum samples from blood donors, veterinarians, swine farm workers and swine were analysed by ELISA to estimate the seroprevalence of HEV in Norway and to investigate the association between direct contact with swine and HEV seroprevalence in humans. The seroprevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 30% (24/79) in farm workers, 13% (21/163) in veterinarians, 14% (162/1200) in blood donors and 90% (137/153) in swine. Our results show a high seroprevalence of HEV in humans and swine in Norway. HEV seroprevalence in farm workers and blood donors increased with age, and veterinarians working with swine were twice as likely to be HEV seropositive compared to other veterinarians. High HEV seroprevalence in farm workers and veterinarians working with swine support previous reports suggesting swine as a reservoir for HEV infections in humans in Europe.
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Policansky, Sandy. "Australian Association of Social Workers 22nd National Conference." Australian Social Work 44, no. 4 (December 1991): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124079108550157.
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Budiani, Sri Rahayu, Ratri Purnama Dewi, Kurniawati Kurniawati, Tiara Putri Amalia, Monita Deka Pratiwi, Retno Murti Andayaningrum, Ulil Usnaini, and Putri Dwi Yuliana. "Sustainable Livelihood Conditions of Farm Worker Households around Baluran National Park: Case Study in Wonorejo, Indonesia." Populasi 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.67204.
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Farm workers are a group that is vulnerable to poverty and depends on weather or climatic factors. However, this profession dominates one of the villages around the Baluran National Park of Indonesia, i.e., Wonorejo, Banyuputih Subdistrict, Situbondo District, East Java. The Baluran National Park is a natural resource conservation area with a savanna ecosystem that was established in March 1980 through the Deklarasi Lima Taman Nasional (Declaration of Five National Parks) of Indonesia. It has an area of 25,000 hectares located in Banyuputih Subdistrict, Situbondo District, East Java and includes t h ree villages, i.e., Wonorejo, Sumberwaru, and Sumberanyar. This study aimed to describe the sustainable livelihood conditions of farm worker households in Wonorejo. This study is a quantitative research through household surveys and is supported by in-depth interviews with expert informants. The results of this study confirmed that farm workers in Wonorejo had good access to five livelihood assets, i.e., natural, physical, human, social, and financial assets. They had also been able to survive without destroying the natural resources in Baluran National Park.
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Beltran Picón, Sol Patricia, Muana Hiandra Pereira dos Passos, Zalane Cristina Marques Ferraz, Sara Rúbia de Souza Franco, Rodrigo Cappato de Araújo, and Francisco Locks. "Association between Low Back Pain and Work and Lifestyle Variables among Fruit Farm Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 28, no. 3 (2022): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14834.
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HighlightsLow back pain has a high prevalence among fruit farm workers.Fruit packing workers are more likely to have low back pain than field workers.Abstract. The objective of this observational and correlational cross-sectional study was to analyze the association of labor variables, lifestyle, and low back pain among workers on a grape farm in the northeast region of Brazil. A total of 180 rural workers, men and women, age 18 years and older, and active on the company’s staff, participated in the study. The presence of low back pain, considered as a dependent variable, was categorized as yes or no, and the independent variables were personal, work, and lifestyle factors. The workers performed functions in the field (72%) and fruit packing (28%). Low back pain was reported by 44.1% (n = 79) of the participants. There were associations between low back pain and the function performed by the worker. Thus, workers in fruit packing were 1.53 more likely to have low back pain (95% CI 1.09-2.15) when compared with workers in the field, demonstrating the need for strategies to improve the structure of the workday, such as the inclusion of active breaks. Keywords: Low back pain, Musculoskeletal discomfort, Occupational health.
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McMahon, Jean. "Case Studies of Violations of Workers' Freedom of Association: Manufacturing Workers." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l2aq-xte6-ptlh-5a40.
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As part of its report “Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards,” Human Rights Watch conducted a series of case studies in a dozen states, covering a variety of industries and employment sectors, analyzing the U.S. experience in the light of both national law and international human rights and labor rights norms. Presented here are the case studies of manufacturing workers.
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Martin, Philip. "COVID-19 and International Labor Migration in Agriculture." DEMIS. Demographic research 1, no. 1 (2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.1.4.
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Two thirds of the 272 million international migrants in 2019 were employed in the destination country. Demographic and economic inequalities between countries, combined with globalization that reduced barriers to migrants, were expected to continue to increase the number of international migrant workers. Covid-19 closed many national borders to non- essential travelers, with limited exceptions. Seasonal farm workers were one of the notable exceptions, suggesting that many governments do not expect local workers to fill seasonal farm jobs despite record-high unemployment rates. For agriculture, the longer term effects of the pandemic include faster mechanization, more guest workers, and rising imports. Responses are likely to vary by commodity and be shaped by government policies. This article provides a review of the distribution and activities of the world’s 164 million international migrant workers in 2017, including the 111 million in high-income countries. The analysis focuses on the North American migrant worker and the differences between their integration in the agricultural industries. American agricultural systems are integrating in the sense that Canadian blueberries, Mexican avocados and U.S. meat trade freely, but the farm workforces in each country are increasingly Mexican.
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McMahon, Jean. "Case Studies of Violations of Workers' Freedom of Association: Food Processing Workers and Contingent Workers." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 755–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yk45-6xwt-cmjm-5tvq.
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As part of its report “Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards,” Human Rights Watch conducted a series of case studies in a dozen states, covering a variety of industries and employment sectors, analyzing the U.S. experience in the light of both national law and international human rights and labor rights norms. Presented here are the case studies of food processing workers and contingent workers.
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Rose, Jonathan. "The Workers in the Workers' Educational Association, 1903–1950." Albion 21, no. 4 (1989): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049539.
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The history of British continuing education has been written almost entirely as institutional history. The impact of the 1924 Board of Education regulations on the funding of adult classes has been thoroughly examined, and we know a good deal about the various district secretaries of the Workers' Educational Association. But we have yet to tackle a set of more fundamental and revealing questions about the WEA: Who were the students? Why did they enroll in WEA courses? What were their intellectual goals? What cultural equipment did they bring to their classes? What went on inside the classroom? Most importantly, how, if at all, did the WEA change the lives and minds of its students?This article focuses on a controversy that erupted shortly after the WEA was launched in 1903, and which persists today: a question that can only be resolved by studying WEA students at close range. According to a number of Marxist critics, the WEA played an important role in steering the British working class away from Marxism. Roger Fieldhouse argues that the WEA'S emphasis on objective scholarship and open-mindedness “could have the effect of neutralising some students' commitments or beliefs and integrating them into the hegemonic national culture.”
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R., Sowmiya, and Manimekalai S. "A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND UTILIZATION REGARDING NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME AMONG HEALTH WORKERS IN SMVMCH, PUDUCHERRY." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 03 (March 31, 2024): 969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18481.
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Background: National Health Insurance Schemes are the various health insurance programs. Some of the health insurance schemes launched by the government over the years, include Ayushman Bharat Yojana, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, Central Government Health Scheme and Universal Health Insurance Scheme.A Positive Attitude Adequate knowledge and utilization of National Health Insurance Scheme on the clients/patients will delivered better clinical outcomes. A Study to assess the Knowledge Attitude and Utilization regarding National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers in SMVMCH, Puducherry. Methods: Descriptive cross research design was adopted for this study. Sample size 30. Data were assessed using Demographic variables, Self - Developed Knowledge and Attitude questionnaire, Self-developed Utilization questionnaire. Results: The study findings revealed that Majority of the health workers 23 (76.7%) had moderately adequate level of knowledge and 7(23.3%) had inadequate level of knowledge and the mean and standard deviation level of knowledge towards National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers is (9.07±2.463) respectively. Majority of the health workers 22 (73.3%) had unfavourable attitude and 8(26.7%) had favourable attitude and the mean and standard deviation level of attitude towards National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers is (13.33±5.695) respectively. Majority of the health workers not utilized 25 (83.3%) and 5(16.7%) had utilized the scheme and the mean and standard deviation level of Utilization towards National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers is (41.17±8.363) respectively. chi-square of the demographic variable Age in years and Dietary pattern had shown statistically significant association between the level of attitude regarding National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers with their selected demographic variables.The other demographic variable had not shown statistically significant association the level of attitude regarding National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers with their selected demographic variables respectively.The evident of chi-square of the demographic variable Gender and Residence had shown statistically significant association between the level of Utilization regarding National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers with their selected demographic variables.The other demographic variable had not shown statistically significant association the level of utilization regarding National Health Insurance Scheme among health workers with their selected demographic variables respectively. Conclusion: This study implies that on the content of study investigator have assessed the Knowledge Attitude and Utilization among health workers. It is concluded that the health workers have Moderate knowledge, Unfavorable Attitude and Not Utilized towards National Health Insurance Scheme.
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Marucci, Alvaro, Danilo Monarca, Massimo Cecchini, Andrea Colantoni, Simone Di Giacinto, and Andrea Cappuccini. "The heat stress for workers employed in a dairy farm." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 4 (February 28, 2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2013.218.
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The Italian dairy production is characterized by high heterogeneity. The typology quantitatively more important (80% of national production) is represented by cow’s milk cheeses (<em>Grana Padano</em> cheese, string cheese, Parmesan cheese, etc.), while the cheese from buffalo’s milk (especially string cheese such as <em>mozzarella</em>) and cheese from sheep and goats represents respectively 4% and 8% of the national dairy production, and are linked to specific regional contexts. Some phases of the cycle of milk processing occur at certain temperatures that are not comfortable for the workers also in relation to possible problems due to thermal shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of heat stress on workers operating in a dairy for processing of buffalo milk. The research was conducted at a dairy farm located in the province of Viterbo, Italy, during the spring-summer period. To carry out the research were detected major climatic parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air velocity) and the main parameters of the individual operators (clothing thermal insulation and the energy expenditure required from the work done by employees). Subsequently, main indices of heat stress assessment provided by the main technical standards were calculated. In particular have been calculated predicted mean vote and predicted percentage of dissatisfied in moderate thermal environments (environments in which the objective, in the design and management phases, is to achieve the thermal comfort), provided by the UNI EN ISO 7730 and the wet bulb globe temperature in severe hot environments (environments in which you must protect the health of workers) required by UNI EN ISO 27243. The results show some phases of risk from heat stress especially during times of test in which the internal air temperature exceeds the threshold of 30°C and possible solutions to improve the safety of the operators.
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McMahon, Jean. "Case Studies of Violations of Workers' Freedom of Association: Migrant Agricultural Workers." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 3 (July 2002): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3w5p-q5c5-yvqh-ym08.
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As part of its report “Unfair Advantage: Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards,” Human Rights Watch conducted a series of case studies in a dozen states, covering a variety of industries and employment sectors, analyzing the U.S. experience in the light of both national law and international human rights and labor rights norms. Presented here are the case studies of migrant agricultural workers.
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Jongman, Kgomotso. "Participation in Botswana: A Case Study of Botswana National Association of Social Workers (BoNASW)." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v5i2.746.
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Professional participation in Botswana has been lagging behind since the conception of the social workers association in the past 20 years. Participation in the professional body of social workers have been has a headache for the leaders of the national association. The numbers of social workers attending social work events such as the social workers day, leadership forum and the annual general meetings have been going down over the past 10 years since the official launching of the national association. This unfortunately is not only peculiar to social work, but it seems it worse among social workers. This has left those who are in leadership of the profession with many questions. The most important Questions that have been asked have been; what’s wrong with the social work profession where the participation in the professional bodies has been below par? Is it the problem of social workers only in Botswana or there is apathy all over? This paper has combined the shared information, experience from the author as the president of the association for 6 years, being the advisor for 4 year and now just an ordinary member but holds a position of International Federation of Social workers Human Rights commissioner in Africa. The paper also tries to look at the literature on participation in general.
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Chen, Lu, Nathan B. Cruze, and Linda J. Young. "Model-Based Estimates for Farm Labor Quantities." Stats 5, no. 3 (August 3, 2022): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats5030043.
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The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducts the Farm Labor Survey to produce estimates of the number of workers, duration of the workweek, and wage rates for all agricultural workers. Traditionally, expert opinion is used to integrate auxiliary information, such as the previous year’s estimates, with the survey’s direct estimates. Alternatively, implementing small area models for integrating survey estimates with additional sources of information provides more reliable official estimates and valid measures of uncertainty for each type of estimate. In this paper, several hierarchical Bayesian subarea-level models are developed in support of different estimates of interest in the Farm Labor Survey. A 2020 case study illustrates the improvement of the direct survey estimates for areas with small sample sizes by using auxiliary information and borrowing information across areas and subareas. The resulting framework provides a complete set of coherent estimates for all required geographic levels. These methods were incorporated into the official Farm Labor publication for the first time in 2020.
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Weiler, Anelyse Margaret, and Evelyn Encalada Grez. "Rotten asparagus and just-in-time workers:." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v9i2.521.
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In early stages of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the Canadian farming industry expressed panic that travel restrictions could disrupt the arrival of migrant farmworkers from the Majority World. In this Perspective essay, we consider how farm industry lobbying successfully framed delays to hiring migrant farmworkers as a threat to national food security. After demonstrating how migrant workers have long been situated in spaces of legal exceptionalism, we argue that framing migrant farmworkers as essential for the national public good of domestic food production conceals how they are also essential for private capital accumulation in agribusiness. In the haste to hire migrant workers quickly, Canadian federal and provincial governments largely failed to prevent farmworker COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths predicted by researchers and activists. We conclude by underscoring the need to fundamentally transform temporary labour migration programs in ways that uphold migrant dignity beyond exceptionalism.
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Moda, Haruna M., Christopher Nwadike, Mela Danjin, Francis Fatoye, Chidozie E. Mbada, Louise Smail, and Pauline J. S. Doka. "Quality of Work Life (QoWL) and Perceived Workplace Commitment among Seasonal Farmers in Nigeria." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020103.
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This study set out to research the impact of Quality of Work Life (QoWL) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and the perception of farm workers regarding how both intrinsic and extrinsic control elements within and outside the work setting impact their productivity within the farming industry in Nigeria. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has considered QoWL among farm workers in Nigeria. Farm workers in the Middle Belt region in Nigeria (n = 435) were surveyed using a QoWL questionnaire consisting of 32 Likert scale items to measure their perceived quality of work life based on seven dimensional factors. Results indicated that more than half (60.6%) of the sampled group confirmed working far above the national working hours of 40 h per week. Significant differences exist between respondent gender on control at work (CAW) (F = 10.03, p < 0.001) and working conditions (WCS) (F = 12.04, p < 0.001), with women having better QoWL. Farm worker job satisfaction, especially in LMICs, is an important element that can lead to high productivity and sustainability of the sector. To achieve a level of sustainability and food security in Nigeria, there is the need to improve opportunities for greater stability among farmers. Farm workers could benefit from tailored training initiatives around stress management and work–life balance, as well as workplace safety nad health and wellbeing as a means of boosting their confidence and enhance sustainable productivity. In addition, this paper holds the potential to inform framework development for assessing QoWL within the farming industry in Nigeria and encourage further research around the impact of job insecurity on the nation’s food security.
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POPOVA, A. S. "РОЛЬ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ У СИСТЕМІ ФАХОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ДОСВІД КАНАДИ." Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 2, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2021-1-2-50-62.
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The article reveals the role of social work professional organizations in the system of social workers professional development according to the Canadian experience. The activities of social work international organizations such as the International Federation of Social Workers and the International Association of Schools of Social Work - are studied. The organizational structure of professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada is defined, they include professional (national, territorial) and educational ones. The content and activities of national organizations in the field of social work, including the Canadian Association of Social Workers, the Canadian Board of Social Work Regulators and territorial organizations such as Alberta College of Social Workers, BC Association of Social Workers, the Manitoba College of Social Workers, the New Brunswick Association of Social Workers, New Foundland and Labrador Association of Social Workers, the Nova Scotia Social Workers 'Association, the Ontario Association of Social Workers, the Quebec Social Workers 'Order, the Saskatchewan Association of Social Workers, and their relationship with educational professional organizations. It is determined that the main tasks of social work professional organizations are to serve the interests of the public, raising the prestige of the profession and representing the interests of its members, providing support for training in social services, conducting research in social work, providing opportunities for professional growth of its members, dissemination of information for professionals in the field of social work. It is established that professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada are recognized to be a tool for achieving social justice by establishing the status of the «social worker» profession through compliance with high standards of professional activity quality and a mandatory system of professional development. Key words: social work, social worker, professional organization, professional development, Canada.
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Gurnani, Umesh, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Manoj Kumar Sain, and M. L. Meena. "Musculoskeletal Health Problems and their Association with Risk Factors among Manual Dairy Farm Workers." Evergreen 9, no. 4 (December 2022): 950–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5109/6622881.
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Moodley, Arshnee, and Luca Guardabassi. "Transmission of IncN Plasmids Carrying blaCTX-M-1 between Commensal Escherichia coli in Pigs and Farm Workers." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 4 (February 2, 2009): 1709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01014-08.
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ABSTRACT CTX-M-1-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from 56 pigs, three farm personnel, two manure samples, and two air samples from two Danish pig farms where an association between prophylactic ceftiofur use and the occurrence of cephalosporin resistance was previously demonstrated. Human, animal, and environmental strains displayed high genetic diversity but harbored indistinguishable or closely related IncN plasmids carrying bla CTX-M-1, indicating that IncN plasmids mediating cephalosporin resistance were transmitted between pigs and farm workers across multiple E. coli lineages.
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Wray, C., and J. A. Morris. "Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002217240006068x.
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It has been known for a considerable time thatEscherichia coli, although a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract, can also be associated with a variety of pathological conditions in man, farm animals and poultry.When Escherich (1885) isolated from the faeces of a newborn baby an organism which is now accepted asE. coli, he considered it to be a harmless saprophyte. Laruelle (1889) was the first to suggest the possible pathogenicity of this organism, while Jensen (1893) showed that it was the cause of white scour in calves. The development of reliable serological methods facilitated the differentiation of strains and numerous workers have demonstrated an association between certain serological types ofE. coliand various disease conditions in animals. Enteric diseases in young animals are an important cause of mortality and economic loss to the farming community.
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Guarnaccia, Peter J., Jacqueline Lowe Angel, and Ronald Angel. "The Impacts of Farm Work on Health: Analyses of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." International Migration Review 26, no. 1 (March 1992): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600106.
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Farmworkers long have been recognized as a disadvantaged group with a wide range of occupationally related health problems. A coherent picture of the major health problems faced by agricultural workers has begun to emerge. This study presents data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) on the effects of ever having participated in farm work on health status. Thus, it provides the first national level perspective on the health of people who have participated in farm work with a focus on Hispanics. People with farm work experience considered themselves to be in worse physical health and had experienced more work–related disabilities than other Hispanics.
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Chakraborty, Sonali. "Inequalities in Farm Sector Labour Force in India." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i1.3247.
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The back bone of the rural economy in India is the farm sector or agricultural sector. It also contributes an overall economic and social development towards the nation. Farm activities include agriculture (crop production), plantation, animal husbandry (milk, meat, egg, etc.), forestry & logging, and fishing. In India, the lion share of the labor force is engaged in the farm sector(Pal and Dutta.Though the female labor force participation is typically low in our country, their share in agriculture is commendable and not decreasing as it has been noticed in all other sectors in the recent past. But whether this participation in true sense is in gain full economic activities is to be looked into. Wage discrimination, stereotyping of works, working hours are some inequalities that females are facing at the workplace. In this analysis, an attempt has been made to see the inequality in malefemale participation in farm sectors. Their wage differentials in rural-urban sectors, in different states, have been computed following NIC(National Industry Classification) and NCO(National Classification of occupation) using unit-level data of NSS(National Sample Survey,68th round 2011-12 and Periodiclabour force survey, 2017-18). From preliminary observations, it is noted that there is an increase of rural females as market-oriented crops producers or animal producers and related workers from 2011-12 to 2017-18. The NIC gives the industry-specific picture, where they mainly engaged in mixed farming, plant propagation, post-harvest activities along with perennial and non-perennial crop production. Reduction in a rural male in all these industries is noted as an opposite criterion. In both the rural and urban sectors, gender inequalities persist in wages in almost all NIC activities. Some exceptions like raising of cattle, supporting activities for crop production, fresh water aquaculture, growing of bush fruits and nuts where average earnings of females are a little bit higher than male workers working as either casual labor or regular waged salaried person.
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Alyssandra Afqorina Agung, Yuli Hermansyah, Angga Mardro Raharjo, Jauhar Firdaus, and Pipiet Wulandari. "Relation between Hypertension Knowledge and Behavior with Blood Pressure on Hypertensive Farm Workers in Mumbulsari Public Health Center Working Area." Jember Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jmj.v2i1.283.
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The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is still relatively high. One of them is hypertension experienced by people who work as farm workers. The high prevalence of hypertension can be caused by the lack of knowledge and behavior of farm workers regarding hypertension. Knowledge about hypertension affects the formation of hypertension control behavior so that it has an impact on blood pressure values. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and behavior about hypertension with the blood pressure of hypertensive farm workers in the work area of the Mumbulsari Jember Health Center. This study used subjects of agricultural workers who had hypertension in the working area of the Mumbulsari Jember Health Center. The study was conducted by measuring the subject's knowledge about hypertension using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire, the subject's behavior regarding hypertension using the High Blood Pressure – Self Care Profile – Behavior Scale (HBP-SCP-BS) questionnaire, and blood pressure using a digital sphygmomanometer. The results of the study obtained included the majority of subjects had knowledge with sufficient category of 61.90%, behavior with sufficient category of 57.14%, and blood pressure with stage 1 hypertension category of 47.61%. Bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test did not show a significant association between knowledge and blood pressure, but there was a significant relationship between behavior and blood pressure.
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Pitt, Kristin E. "The Vulnerable Harvest." Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 41, no. 2 (2016): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2016.41.2.13.
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This essay explores contemporary literary and artistic strategies to reframe discourses of immigration in the United States, which have frequently represented immigrants as terrifying and disruptive threats or, alternatively, as defenseless and abject victims. The essay analyzes two artistic representations of undocumented Mexican laborers in the US dairy industry, the art exhibition The Golden Cage: Mexican Migrant Workers and Vermont Dairy Farmers (2008), by Caleb Kenna and Chris Urban, and the young adult novel Return to Sender (2009), by Julia Alvarez. Both the exhibition and the novel draw on the same poetics of vulnerability that the United Farm Workers’ Take Our Jobs campaign employs and that Judith Butler theorizes, serving as artistic representations of the ways in which immigrant farm laborers, farmers, and the national food supply are all exposed to risks as a result of unsustainable immigration policies. The essay posits that this artistic focus on the shared vulnerabilities of all residents functions as a strategic disruption of other portrayals of immigration, offering a counternarrative of interconnectedness and mutual responsibility to define the boundaries of our national and international communities.
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Parker, Robert. "The Indigenous Mental Health Worker." Australasian Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2003.00572.x.
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Objective: To provide background and context for the recent Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) statement on indigenous mental health workers. Conclusions: There are a number of difficulties facing indigenous mental health workers in Australia today. The RANZCP statement is one step in a move to increase recognition of these workers. National registration of Aboriginal mental health workers or the formation of a national association may further promote their identity.
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Gustafson, Cheryl J., Steven R. Feldman, Sara A. Quandt, Scott Isom, Haiying Chen, Chaya R. Spears, and Thomas A. Arcury. "The association of skin conditions with housing conditions among North Carolina Latino migrant farm workers." International Journal of Dermatology 53, no. 9 (May 15, 2013): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05833.x.
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Liebman, Amy K., Barbara Mainster, and Barbara C. Lee. "Family Services for Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers: The Redlands Christian Migrant Association (RCMA) Model." Journal of Agromedicine 19, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2014.893217.
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Omondi-Ochieng, Peter. "Gross national income, football workers and national football team performances." Team Performance Management 21, no. 7/8 (October 12, 2015): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-04-2015-0018.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the association between national economic prosperity (measured by per capita gross national income – GNI) and the acquisition of football workers (indicated by number of amateur footballers, football officials and professional footballers) and predict football performances (specified by qualifications at continental football championships) based on per capita GNI and football workers. Design/methodology/approach – Archival data of 203 national football teams were utilized based on continental football championship records before 2014. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to build various models to ascertain their predictive values. Economically prosperous nations are those with a per capita GNI of more than US$10,000, and unprosperous nations are those with per capita GNI of less than US$10,000. Findings – The analysis indicated that per capita GNI was significantly and positively associated with the acquisition of football workers – but not predictive of football performance. Rather football officials and professionals emerged to be the key predictors of football performance and not per capita GNI. The final model predicted 73.1 and 74.2 per cent of performance and non-performance, respectively, of national football teams correctly. Research limitations – The findings were largely restricted to quantitative archival data for the last continental championships. However, future research may benefit from using qualitative interviews, questionnaires and or ethnographic studies of players, teams and or managers. Practical implications – The results revealed that economic prosperity positively influences the acquisition of football resources (here – in football workers). Specifically, targeted production of football workers, such as the acquisition of a large number of effective professional footballers and officials, can boost football performance – and not merely economic prosperity. Originality/value – Actual football-specific human capital (and not general population) was used in predicting continental football qualifications – a factor uncommon in such studies.
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Valenzuela, Ernesto, and Kym Anderson. "Cambio climático y seguridad alimentaria al 2030: una perspectiva global de la economía en general." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 11, no. 1 (October 31, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2011.01.02.
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The effects of climate change on agriculture raise major food security concerns. We use a global economy-wide model to assess the effects on farm product prices of expected yield changes. Also modelled is an expected adverse effect of higher temperatures and humidity in the tropics on the productivity of unskilled workers in developing countries. Given the degrees of uncertainty about plausible effects of climate change, our modelling accounts for a range of yield productivity and labor shocks. The results entail consequences for international agricultural prices, national food consumption, self sufficiency, net farm income and economic welfare.
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Krissman, Fred. "The Use of Bi-national Networks to Supply New Immigrant Farm Workers to Californian Agribusiness." Culture & Agriculture 16, no. 53 (December 1995): 3–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cuag.1995.16.53.3.
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Krissman, Fred. "The Use of Bi-national Networks to Supply New Immigrant Farm Workers to Californian Agribusiness." Culture Agriculture -, no. 53 (December 1995): 3–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.1995.-.53.3.
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Izadi, Morteza, Nematollah Jonaidi-Jafari, Amin Saburi, Hossein Eyni, Mohammad-Reza Rezaiemanesh, and Reza Ranjbar. "Cryptosporidiosis in Iranian Farm Workers and Their Household Members: A Hypothesis about Possible Zoonotic Transmission." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/405875.
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Objectives. The prevalence ofCryptosporidiumand the risk factors of zoonotic transmission in Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran dairy farms were examined.Methods. One fecal sample was collected from all calves less than 6 months old in eight dairy farms around Najafabad (Isfahan province, Central Iran) as well as individuals working in these farms and their household members. A two-step nested PCR protocol was used to amplify the 18S rRNA gene (830 bp).Results.Cryptosporidiumwas identified in the stool of 36 (prevalence 8.5%) of 96 farm workers and 326 household members. Furthermore, 31 (14.2%) of 218 calf samples were positive.Cryptosporidium parvumwas identified in 15 (72%) of the positive farm workers and 10 (65%) of the positive household members. Of the positive calves, 20 (64.5%) were infected withC. parvum, indicating possible zoonotic transmission in these farms. Contact with calves (P< 0.0001) was the most significant risk factor ofC. parvuminfection. A considerable negative association was observed betweenC. parvuminfection and cleaning of shoes/boots after daily work (P= 0.004), hand washing (P= 0.013), and use of piped water (P< 0.006). In the multivariate analysis with logistic regression, only contact with calves was significant.Conclusion. Zoonotic transmission ofC. parvumdue to contact with calves is predominant among farm workers and their household members of this region and appropriate health measures must be applied to control the infection and decrease of zoonotic transmission of this parasite.
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Das, Ganesh. "Attitude of the Farm Women Towards Farm Science Centre Scientists in India." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/oct_dec/82-88.
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Attitude is an important component of human being which is infl uence the acceptability or rejection of the any new technology or information. Scientifi c agricultural technology dissemination in the grassroots level might be failed due to negative attitude of the farmers or farm women on extension workers or organization. In this study farm women attitude on farm science centre scientist were identifi ed and a further study was conducted on infl uence of the predictors’ variables of the respondents on their attitude on farm science centre scientist. Ex-post facto research design and both purposive and random sampling method were used for selection of sample respondents. It is found from the study that the variable educational level, size of family, house type, annual income, type of land, irrigated area, livestock possession, material possession, association of the respondents with diff erent organization, social participation, scientifi c orientation, economic orientation, communication skill, mass media exposure, farm science centre exposure, sources of information, information seeking behavior, information exchange, decision making ability and agricultural knowledge had positively and signifi cantly correlated with the attitude of the farm women towards farm science centre scientist. It is concluded from the study that the predictor variables agricultural knowledge, scientifi c orientation, information seeking behavior and farm science centre exposure had positively and signifi cantly infl uenced on attitude of the farm women towards farm science centre scientist.
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VENKATESH, P., NITHYASHREE M. L, V. SANGEETHA, and SURESH PAL. "Trends in agriculture, non-farm sector and rural employment in India: An insight from state level analysis." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 5 (May 13, 2015): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i5.48502.
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The experience from developed countries established that decline in the share of agriculture in national GDP is an indication of economic progress of the country. However, commensurate with the decline in GDP contribution, the dependency of population on agriculture is also expected to decline. In this context, this paper analysed the performance of Indian agriculture in terms of growth, employment and output using secondary data in the last two decades (1990- 2010) at the national level and also with the special focus on the major states. Specifically the paper discuses: (i) agriculture’s contribution in the national employment and income, (ii) sectoral changes in employment across the states, and (iii) determinants of rural non-farm employment (RNFE). The results have shown that percentage share of agriculture in employment has declined during last two decades, but it was not comparable to the extent of decline in its share in the national GDP. Dependency on agriculture declined for the male workers, while it increased for female workers in the recent decade, indicating feminization of agriculture. The RNFE in different states exceeded over 25 per cent for 12 out of 17 states, and it was significantly high in the states of Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. The determinant analysis revealed that the infrastructure development, agricultural growth and farm-size are the major factors which positively influenced the RNFE, whereas the share of SC and ST population in rural population had negative effect on the growth of RNFE.
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Han, Ki Myung, Li Na Cui, and Ji Sun Lee. "A Study on the Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of Workers with Developmental Disabilities employed in a Social Farm: Focusing on a Case of Purme Smart Farm." Korean Society of vocational Rehabilitation 32, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24226/jvr.2022.4.32.1.47.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to employment and factors affecting job satisfaction of workers with developmental disabilities. Survey data was collected from 31 workers with developmental disabilities who were employed as permanent employees at a social farm. Survey questions consisted of questions such as reasons for employment choices, difficulties in working, and job satisfaction and were extracted from Survey of Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled.
Descriptive statistics and multi-linear regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, it was found that the stability of job maintenance as permanent employees, remuneration above the minimum wage, and close persons’ recommendations played a major role as reasons for choosing the current employment. The level of job satisfaction of study participants was significantly higher than that of all people with disabilities. As a result of examining the factors affecting the job satisfaction, the family s support for employment, the workers’ interpersonal skills, and the receipt of national basic living security significantly associated to the job satisfaction. Based on these results, the following suggestions were made. First, in order to increase job satisfaction of people with developmental disabilities, it is important that the family’s support for employment and work life. Second, there is a need for an education and training program that allows workers to learn interpersonal skills to interact with colleagues in the workplace. Third, active support and further research should be people with developmental disabilities in social farming that can guarantee permanent employment.
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Racine, Elizabeth F., Sarah B. Laditka, Jacek Dmochowski, Michael C. R. Alavanja, Duck-chul Lee, and Jane A. Hoppin. "Farming Activities and Carrying and Lifting: The Agricultural Health Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.1.39.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Heavy carrying and lifting (HCL) is a common activity among farmers that may be related to health. The aim of this study was to examine HCL as a proxy for occupational physical activity (PA) among farm residents. The secondary objective was to evaluate PA based on HCL.Methods:Data from 21,296 farmers and 30,951 spouses in the Agricultural Health Study examined the relationship between HCL and farm activities and individual/farm characteristics. HCL was categorized as ≥ 1 or < 1 hours per day. The association between HCL and farm activities (15 for farmers; 16 for spouses) and individual/farm characteristics was examined using adjusted logistic regression. To evaluate PA, we created a PA activity index using metabolic equivalents for HCL, and compared PA weekly averages with national guidelines.Results:In adjusted results, most farm activities were significantly associated with HCL. Based on HCL, farmers had a median of 1.5 hours and spouses 0.5 hours of vigorous or muscle-strengthening PA per day. Most farmers (94%) and about 60% of spouses meet or exceed 2008 national guidelines for vigorous or muscle-strengthening PA.Conclusion:Findings suggest the HCL measure may be useful as a PA metric in future studies of occupational PA among farm residents.