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Journal articles on the topic "National Fuel Gas Distribution Corporation"
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Ubani, Chikwendu, and Ubong Ikpaisong. "Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.668.
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Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.
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Arya, Adarsh Kumar. "Optimal operation of a multi-distribution natural gas pipeline grid: an ant colony approach." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 10 (August 25, 2021): 3859–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01266-3.
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AbstractThe enormous cost of transporting oil and gas through pipelines and the operational benefits that the industry receives through optimization has incited analysts for decades to find optimization strategies that help pipeline managers operate pipeline grids with the least expense. The paper aims to minimize the pipeline grids' operating costs using an ant colony optimization strategy. The article constructs a multi-objective modeling framework for a natural gas pipeline grid based on data from the French gas pipeline network corporation 'Gaz De France,' using pipeline and compressor hydraulics. The gas pipeline grid comprises seven gas supply nodes and nineteen gas distribution centers. Seven compressor stations provided at various locations on the pipeline route raise the gas pressure. Two competing objectives of reducing fuel usage in compressors and increasing throughput at distribution centers are acknowledged to reduce the pipeline's operating cost. The 'multi-objective ant colony optimization (MOACO)' approach is implemented to the pipeline transportation model to reduce the natural gas pipeline grid's operating cost. The process variables include the amount of gas flowing through the pipe and the pressure at pipe nodes. This method provides the optimum solution for each fuel consumption level on each compressor, and it does so by producing a Pareto front for each of the nineteen gas distribution points. The blueprints of the methodology used and the findings collected intend to guide pipeline managers and select the best of the most preferred solutions.
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Tiwari, Arvind Kumar, Mohd Muzaffarul Hasan, and Mohd Islam. "EFFECT OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 37, no. 4 (December 2013): 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2013-0099.
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The aim of the present paper is to examine the effect of ambient temperature on the performance of a combined cycle power plant. For this work, the combined cycle plant chosen is NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) Dadri, India where a gas unit of 817 MW is installed. The effect of ambient temperature on combined cycle efficiency, gas turbine cycle efficiency, exergy destruction in different components, exergy loss via exhaust and air fuel ratio at lower and higher turbine inlet temperature are reported. The results show that the net decrease in combined cycle efficiency is 0.04% and the variation in exergy destruction of different plant components is up to 0.35% for every °C rise in ambient temperature.
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Nagarkatti, Arun, and Ajit Kumar Kolar. "Assessment of Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Coal Fired Power Plants in India." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.487.
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More than two third share of electricity come from coal fired power plants in India. Coal fired power plants are the largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions per unit of electricity generation among all fossil fuel based power plants. There has been climate change and global warming globally due to increasing anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. This paper examines life cycle GHG emission such as CH4, CO2 and N2O of a National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Limited power plant using life cycle approach. The various stages involved in the assessment of life cycle GHG emissions in the present study include coal mining, transportation of coal to the power plant and coal combustion for electricity generation. The results show that direct CO2 emission from coal combustion is about 890 g CO2-e/kWh, whereas life cycle GHG emissions amount to 929.1 g CO2-e/kWh. Indirect GHG emissions add up to 4.2% of total emissions. Coal mine methane leakage into atmosphere in India is low since more than 90% of the coal mining is surface mining.
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Pillsbury, P. W., W. R. Ryan, and J. R. Moore. "Dual-Use Conversion of a High-Mach-Number Jet Engine Test Cell for Industrial Gas Turbine Low-Emission Combustor Development." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815562.
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With the recent trend of reducing U.S. military expenditures, it has become desirable to develop dual use of certain Department of Defense facilities. These efforts have a commercial purpose, while still retaining a military benefit. The goals of these efforts are to make U.S. business more competitive in world markets, to develop the technology to solve pressing national problems, and to maintain intact the necessary talent pool and equipment for possible military needs. In a recent initiative described in this paper, test cell equipment at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold AFB, Tennessee, was modified and expanded to allow development by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation of low-emission combustors for heavy-duty gas turbines for commercial power generation.
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Liu, Dian Fu, Fang Qing Zhu, and Xiao Lin Wei. "Investigation on the Combustion Properties of Refuse Derived Fuel in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.170.
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An internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB) was applied to investigate the behavior of refuse derived fuels (RDF) incineration. The temperature distribution along bed height was measured by the thermocouple and the pollutant emissions in the flue gas were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Gasmet DX-3000. In the tests the concentrations of the species CO CO2 HCl N2O SO2 were measured online. The experimental results showed that the RDF could combust steadily in the fluidized bed. The concentrations of the CO HCl N2O in flue gas were higher than the values of national environmental standards.
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Saleh, Martha, and Osundina Olasunkanmi. "Currency Devaluation and Fuel Subsidy Removal for Nigeria’s Economic Development." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11919.
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Currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal are policies that are phenomena to the Nigerian economic environment. The implementation of the policies has further caused more challenges in the pursuit for economic development than remedy to alleviate the crisis in the Nigeria economy. However, the continuous exploration of this policies by successive administration was a concern to this research work. It is as a result of this persistent policies that this paper wants to analyse its viability for economic development in Nigeria.The paper adopted survey research design with the use of questionnaire administered to 387 respondents. Three major organizations were purposefully selected as sources for data collection which were the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers (NUPENG).The paper found out that currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal is a resultant effect of the mono-productive characteristics of the Nigerian economy which has continually led to balance of payment deficit, low competitiveness in the economy and fall short in living quality of the citizenry. Further exposition revealed that not until diversification of the economy is attained, revitalization of the power sector and industrialization for local manufacturing; economic development might not be feasible. Therefore, it is recommended that industrialization of the economy is highly overdue, infrastructural development imperative and economic policies such as devaluation and subsidy regime should be mildly used when economic downturns are experienced.
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Sitorus, Budi. "Kajian Menaikkan Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Gas Untuk Transportasi Jalan Sekaligus Menekan Pencemaran Udara." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 23, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v23i3.1069.
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The use of fuel oil for transportation is the largest 56% of national consumption, and road transport which is the largest consuming 88%. In urban areas, transport causes 87% of air riollution that reduce air quality resulting from the use of fossil fuels. The use of gaseous fuels for transport has not grown significantly in part because of gas supply iifficulties. The main problem is haw to increase the use of gas fuel for road transport, especially in urban areas. Study goal is to formulate recommendations to raise the use of CNG for road transport. The benefit for reducing fossil fuel consumption without reducing public services. The method : s descriptive qualitative approach and comparison with developed countries. The study re;ults suggest that steps need to be taken from the development capacity of the source gas, 'ransmission and distribution, SPBG, slowfill and fast fill, socialization and supervision of nstallation of converter kits for public transportation, certification workshops, mechanics to nstall converter kit, pricing pro-society.Keywords: Increased, use of CNG road transport
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Gacek, Zbigniew. "Wpływ magnesów neodymowych na pomiar paliwa gazowego gazomierzami miechowymi." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 1 (January 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.01.06.
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The article deals with the problem of illegal fuel gas consumption among individual consumers in households, especially with regard to gas theft using neodymium magnets attached to diaphragm gas meters. First, the author presents a historical outline of the use of neodymium magnets for the purpose of illegal consumption of fuel gas. The current legal status regarding the requirements for gas meters resistance to tampering and the activities of the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) and Distribution System Operators aimed at eliminating the possibility of illegal gas consumption with the use of neodymium magnets were discussed. Currently possible methods of confirming gas theft using gas meters exposed to the magnetic field of neodymium magnets were presented. Next, the methods of performing at the INiG – PIB laboratory expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption after their removal from the distribution network were described, and the criteria for assessing these gas meters were given. Based on the expert examinations of gas meters carried out at the Laboratory of Flow Metrology INiG – PIB in the years 2006–2020, a summary of the share of gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets and gas meters with an increased remanence level was presented in relation to performed in a given year expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption. The methods of counteracting the theft of fuel gas with diaphragm gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets were shown. It has been proved that at present the EC type examination certificate (MID Directive) and the certificate of compliance with the requirements of EN 1359 or OIML R 137-1 & 2 specification do not confirm gas meters resistance to gas theft involving the use of a strong magnetic field. Requirements for new diaphragm gas meters in terms of their resistance to neodymium magnets were presented, and updated criteria for the evaluation of the test results of gas meters exposed to these magnets were given. Finally, a conclusion was proposed regarding the necessity to include provisions on the resistance of diaphragm gas meters to magnetic field in the relevant normative documents for gas meters in order to provide a systemic safeguard for the parties to fuel gas supply contracts.
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Chengguo, Fu, Feng Yipeng, Tian Yishui, Liang Mingchao, and Zhang Zhengchuan. "Design of a 1 t/h Biomass Chain Boiler and ιts Fuel Adaptability Analysis." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, no. 5 (2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.135.17.
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The arch is an important component of a biomass boiler. Initial arch design of most boilers is generally gained through manual computation, thus resulting in uncertain reasonability of flue gas flow. Moreover, biomass fuels in the market have instable characteristics, which influence the utilization of biomass energies considerably. To address the problems concerning reasonable flue gas flow caused by the collaborative design of arch and air staging and the combustion adaptability of fuels, a cold modeling experiment of a 1 t/h biomass boiler under different staged air distribution ratios when the rear arch coverage varies was conducted using Fluent software in this study after thermal performance computation and initial structural design of grate and furnace. Furthermore, a boiler performance test based on main fuels and a combustion adaptation test of auxiliary fuels were also performed. The experiments show that the best flue gas flow in the furnace is achieved when the rear arch coverage is 60% and the primary–secondary air distribution ratio is 4:6. The mean boiler efficiency and the mean boiler heat output are 81.26% and 715.76 kW/h by using Pinus koraiensis pellets, wood–straw mixed pellets, and cotton straw briquettes as main fuels; and the tested pollutant emissions are in compliance with the limits of the national standard. The results of the combustion adaptation test reveal that the excessive particle size, the high ash content and the relatively low calorific value of biomass molded fuels are all against the combustion of biomass boilers. Fuel upgrading based on washing process and other methods is suggested. This study can provide references to the performance optimization of traditional small-scale biomass chain heating boilers.
Books on the topic "National Fuel Gas Distribution Corporation"
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Temple, Barker, & Sloane, inc. Management and operations study of the National Fuel Gas Distribution Corporation: Final report. Lexington, Mass: The Company, 1985.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "National Fuel Gas Distribution Corporation"
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Jimenez, Oscar, John McClain, Bryan Edwards, Vijay Parthasarathy, Hamid Bagheri, and Gary Bolander. "Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development Program — Design and Test of a Ceramic Turbine Blade." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-529.
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The goal of the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Development Program, under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT), is to improve the performance (fuel efficiency, output power, and exhaust emissions) of stationary gas turbines in cogeneration through the selective replacement of hot section components with ceramic parts. This program, which is headed by Solar Turbines Incorporated and supported by various suppliers, and national research institutes, includes detailed engine and component design, procurement, and field testing. A major challenge in the successful introduction of ceramic parts into a gas turbine is the design of the interface between the ceramic parts and metallic hardware. A turbine blade, which incorporated a dovetail root, was designed with such considerations. A relatively thin compliant layer between the ceramic-metallic loading surface was considered for equalizing pressure face load distributions. Five monolithic siliocn nitride ceramic materials were considered: AS800 and GN10, AlliedSignal Ceramic Components; NT164, Norton Advanced Ceramics; SN281 and SN253, Kyocera Industrial Ceramics Corporation. The probability of survival using NASA/CARES for 30,000 hours of engine operation was calculated for each material. The blade frequencies, stresses, and temperatures were predicted. The influence of the dovetail angle was also analyzed to determine the most optimum configuration. Prior to engine installation all blades underwent extensive nondestructive evaluation and spin proof testing. This paper will review the design, life prediction, and testing of the first stage ceramic turbine blade for the Solar Turbines Centaur 5OS engine.
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Delaney, C. L. "Test and Evaluation of Shale Derived Jet Fuel by the United States Air Force." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-115.
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In June 1980, the United States Congress passed the Energy Security Act which provided for the formation of the United States Synthetic Fuels Corporation and amended the Defense Production Act of 1950 to provide for synthetic fuels for the Department of Defense (DOD). A subsequent law, P.L., 96-304, appropriated up to $20 billion for financial incentives to foster a national synthetic fuel industry. The initial synthetic fuel project funded under the Energy Security Act is the Unocal Parachute Creek Project in Colorado with an expected shale oil production of 10,000 bbls/day. The Defense Fuel Supply Center (DFSC) contracted with Gary Energy Refining Company, Fruita, Colorado to provide approximately 5000 bbls/day of shale JP-4 for the United States Air Force (USAF) using crude from the Parachute Creek project, with initial deliveries to begin in 1985. The USAF immediately accelerated preparations for the eventual operational use of shale derived fuels for turbine engine aircraft. An extensive test and evaluation program was initiated consisting of aviation turbine fuel processing, fuel characterization, aircraft component and subsystem testing, engine and flight testing. This paper describes the testing program that was accomplished, the significant results which were determined and the quality assurance program that is being implemented to assure that the shale fuel meets the requirements of JP-4, the standard USAF jet fuel.
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Bashir Shehu, Umar, Farouk Idris, and Kamalluddeen Usman. "Nigerian Gas Transportation Network Code NGTNC; Emerging Opportunities for Local Gas Transmission Operations." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207192-ms.
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Abstract Historically, both regulatory and contractual constraints have inhibited the overall optimization of natural gas transmission systems. The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) currently supplies gas either as source of fuel or as feedstock to different industries. More local industries are now aware of the advantages and benefits of using gas; hence creating an increase in demand. Recent changes in the regulatory framework and the introduction of the Nigeria Gas Transportation Network Code (NGTNC) to deepen the growth of gas market in the country are however, fostering the pipeline companies into a new competitive position, creating strong incentives as well as opportunities. This work provides a section-by-section summary of the Code for the benefit of those who are passionate about understanding the nuances of the Code and of course makes cogent survey and recommendations, to expedite the success of the Code. In the course of this research, questionnaires were administered and 130 respondents were chosen based on their level of knowledge and experience in the industry ranging from operations, management, regulatory and Gas Associations. Responses were collated and analysed using simple statistical tools, tables, and graphs to identify opportunities. The result of the study illustrates the stakeholder's presumption and commitments in using NGTNC for optimized Gas transmission operations.
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Sharma, Ajay Kumar. "HSE and City Gas Distribution." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2452.
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City Gas Distribution is one of the most assured businesses in current times as Natural Gas being a clean fuel becomes the first choice of consumers. Though CGD Network has enormous potential and has evident advantages however, it brings alongwith it’s own challenges but the biggest challenge is the vicinity of CGD Network with common public. A major factor for success of CGD Network depends on the discipline and involvement of common public in keeping CGD Network safe and effective. This paper intends to discuss on HSE issues with focus on like Single Call system for India, Indian regulations Vs other countries and Quality Assurance. Single Call system for India is the most important issue of CGD Network that really needs to be deliberated. In India, more than 20 clearances need to be obtained from various statutory and civil authorities before execution of any CGD Network project which really affects the project cost, time, consumer benefits, emergency response and third party damages. Now let’s consider few international regulations like National Energy Board in Canada which is the nodal agency to ensure CGD pipelines are safe for public and environment. NEB regulations harmonize with provinces to ensure that any third party excavation work within pipeline corridor is carried out only after due communication to the pipeline company. The 49 US Code 60114 - One Call notification system also mandates that any third party before carrying out any excavation needs to establish if there are underground facilities present in the area of the intended activity and contact appropriate system. Indian regulations like T4S and ERDMP for CGD Network are indeed bringing all CGD companies at par in terms of design, safety, O&M and Integrity Management System. However, they need to sincerely look into Single Call System alongwith specific issues like interdistances, space constraints in big cities, compressor installation at height. Quality Assurance involves periodic inspection and maintenance of CGD asset through a systematic plan including identification of critical equipments, Preventive Maintenance Schedules, carrying out maintenance as per the PM, maintaining a database of observations and defects. A key component is the generation of baseline data for implementing and monitoring Integrity Management System for CGD Network. Hence, as CGD Network is a complex and dynamic distribution system involving public, private industries/commercials, civil authorities and wide geography, it is imperative to have a multi-pronged approach involving strict regulation enforcement, well informed public and latest technologies to ensure safe and efficient CGD Networks.
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Hasini, Hasril, Mohd Zamri Yusoff, Kamsani Abdul Majid, Mohd Rizal Ramli, Hamdan Hassan, Ibrahim Hussein, and Mohd Hariffin Boosroh. "Modeling on the Effect of Imbalance Burner Pressure and Mass Flow Rate in a Full-Scale Gas Fired Industrial Boiler." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45437.
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CFD simulation of the combustion process in a 120MW gas fired industrial boiler has been performed, with focus on the flow pattern and temperature distribution at the reheater section in the furnace. The modeling was done using general-purpose CFD software, CFD-ACE+ developed by CFD Research Corporation. The effect of imbalance burner pressure is simulated by varying the mass flow rate of fuel (natural gas) injected at each burner. The simulation result shows good qualitative agreement with practical observation. The flow in the furnace is highly swirling with intense mixing and follows a helical pattern in an anticlockwise direction. Temperature distribution prior to entry to the reheater is significantly higher on the right side of the reheater. As a conclusion, the imbalance nozzles pressure creates uneven mass flow rate of air and fuel, which results in asymmetric flow pattern and temperature distribution at the reheater section.
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Nylén, P. E., and R. Bandyopadhyay. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Gas and Particle Flow in Flame Spraying." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0237.
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Abstract The industrial flame spraying process has been analyzed by three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The actual process is employed at the Volvo Aero Corporation for coating of fan and compressor housings. It involves the Metco 6P gun where the fuel, a mixture of acetylene and oxygen, flows through a ring of 16 orifices, while the coating material, a powder of nickel-covered bentonite, is sprayed through the flame with a stream of argon as a carrier gas by a central orifice. The gas flow was simulated as a multi-component chemically reacting incompressible flow. The standard, two equations, k-e turbulence model was employed for the turbulent flow field. The reaction rates appeared as source terms in the species transport equations. They were computed from the contributions of the Arrhenius rate expressions and the Magnussen and Hjertager eddy dissipation model. The particles were modeled using a Lagrangian particle spray model. In spite of the complexity of the system, the complex geometry and the numerous chemical reactions, the simulations produced fairly good agreement with experimental measurements. The powder size distribution was found to play a critical role in the amount of unmelted fraction of particles. The modeling approach seems to give a realistic description of the physical phenomena involved in flame spraying, albeit some model refinement is needed.
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Grimm, Felix, Benedict Enderle, Oliver Kislat, Saeed Izadi, Jan Zanger, Peter Kutne, and Manfred Aigner. "A Re-Design Study Based on a High Pressure Cyclonic Combustor Operated With Liquid Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91528.
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Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics are widely used as a design tool for a variety of thermo-fluid systems. Advantages of those numerical approaches are clearly the fairly detailed degree of valuable data at low computational costs, when RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) methods are used in the system design process. In this work, a combustion system operated at elevated pressure conditions is re-designed with CFD RANS methods. The combustor is operated with liquid fuel and is positioned between an upstream recuperation and a downstream turbine section. System design is carried out on the basis of a commercially available C30 configuration from the Capstone® Turbine Corporation. The micro turbine produces 30kW of electrical power and is therefore highly suited for micro gas turbine related applications. In the design process, as presented in the paper, several modifications are carried out. The system recuperation is changed, thus inflow modifications are given. Recuperation was explicitly simulated and is used as a combustor inflow boundary condition. The system is then analyzed and modified in terms of air splits in order to achieve certain combustion characteristics. Optimization is carried out for combustor air splits and turbine inlet temperature profile conditions are significantly improved. Reacting multi-phase simulations are used in order to characterize flow field and combustion. Further on, conjugated heat transfer is taken into account in order to characterize temperature distribution in the combustor. Additionally, combustor residence times are determined. It is demonstrated that the pursued methods and procedures are computationally cheap but at the same time highly suited and sufficient for thorough combustion system development.
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Conder, Thomas E., Ralph S. Budwig, and Richard S. Skifton. "Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a Representative Gas-Cooled Prismatic Reactor Core Model: Distribution of Flow From the Upper Plenum to the Fuel Block Arrangement." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16008.
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An experiment was conducted at Idaho National Laboratory to investigate the bypass flow associated with a Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor in direct support of Computational Fluid Dynamic validation [1]. Velocity fields within a representative quartz model, consisting of an upper plenum, upper block, and lower block, were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry; after which, flow rates were calculated in each section. The present study was carried out to determine flow distribution from the upper plenum to the fuel block assembly. It was found that the flow rates in the lower six coolant channels varied from their average only by 2.4, 4.6, and 2.5% for the low, medium, and high flow cases, respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that the non-uniform inlet velocity condition in the upper plenum had insignificant effect on flow distribution to the coolant channels and interstitial gap.
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Li, Xiaoyu, Qiang Xu, Minghua Zhao, Chengwen Qian, Jing Jin, and Jingjun Xi. "Research on Pricing Formulation Method for Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline Network Transporting." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90090.
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With the completion of the second line project of West-East Gas Transmission in 2011, the third line of West-East Gas Transmission will be started soon and the fourth line and the fifth line will be started in recent five years. China will form one of the largest natural gas pipeline network in the world. The gas supply mode will be changed from single gas source and single-pipeline supply to multi-source and multi-pipeline supply through regulation and coordination, which will impact on existing pricing mechanism and operation mode of Chinese natural gas industry violently. Depending on the development trend of natural gas pipeline network, the regionalization management mode of natural gas pipeline will be implemented gradually. Chinese natural gas industry also needs to develop a new-type market-oriented operation mode with clear interfaces between production, transportation, distribution and customers so as to facilitate the optimal allocation of resources. By the customized scientific research of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation), combining with existing pricing mechanism of natural gas pipeline and economic characteristics of long-distance natural gas pipeline transportation in China, the paper studied the pricing mechanism problem of combined transportation of multi-source and mutli-pipeline gas supply in the regionalization management mechanism, presented the idea of pricing formulation method of two kinds of pipeline network transportation based on standard rates of pipeline transportation and service cost rules, formed pricing formulation system of natural gas pipeline transportation, introduced the design idea, structural construction, distribution method and key points of natural gas pipeline transportation in details, and demonstrated the methods by example calculation. The methods presented in the paper can meet the pricing requirements of natural gas pipeline network transportation, remedy the defect in existing price accounting mechanism, solve the problem that the income and expenses among different interest bodies are not balanced, and facilitate the rapid development of natural gas pipeline business.
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Fan, Muwei, Yang Wu, Wenhui Kong, and Jing Gong. "The Reliability Estimation of Simplified Natural Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations Based on Statistics Principles." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64084.
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With the rapid economic and rigorous requirement of environmental governance, natural gas serves as important energy source in industry consumption. In 2015, the total consumption of natural gas in China is approximately 142 billion m3. As the primary mode of natural gas transport, early pipeline operated for more than 20 years in China, and its reliability also attracts abundant concerns by the increasing potential risks. However, the process of pipeline reliability evaluating and estimation in China is still located under development. To solve the problem, a simplified reliability estimation method is introduced in this article. To begin with the main equipment of a compressing station, the filter, air cooler and compressors are three research objectives. Because of redundant design for enhancing reliability, the major equipment usually operates with a same spare unit. Thus, the simplified station is consisted by 3 main sections with multiple units as filter section, compressing section and cooling section. By assuming their reliability following normal distribution, the multivariate normal distribution model is available. Each unit is characterized by one dimension of the multivariate normal distribution. This article considers both relevant and irrelevant processes while the equipment is operating simultaneously and illustrates the results via two and three dimensions normal distribution calculation. Due to the model being singular function because of be established based on multivariate normal distribution and parameter estimation principles, the analytical solution is not available. Therefore, numerical computation is the compulsory solution. However, the reliability analysis of pipe is different from equipment and it has been studied for years in details from theory to experiments. Consequently, the reliability of pipe is analyzed by statistics method from collected operating data. A pipeline with 25-years operating data in China is applied in the case study chapter for reliability estimation and analysis. According to the operating data collected by China National Petroleum Corporation, the failure rate of major equipment is estimated by determining the parameters of each distribution and fitted a curve like bathtub curve. Similarly, the failure rate of pipe is indicated as failures per 103 km • year. For comparing, the operating data is also fitted a curve to validate the result of the model with the purpose of reasonably estimating the whole period reliability. The result demonstrates that the model is available in practice if the parameters are determined properly.
Reports on the topic "National Fuel Gas Distribution Corporation"
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Author, Not Given. National fuel gas supply corporation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5535368.
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