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1
Obianika, Chinwe E., and Mercy Agha Onu. "Acculturation of Knowledge through Sustainable Language Engineering for National Development: The Case of Igbo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 17 (June 29, 2016): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n17p373.
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The aim of this study is to find out the possible ways of domesticating knowledge gained through western education by the Igbo through sustainable language development. It also aims to make the knowledge accessible in the Igbo language for empowerment at the grassroots and ultimately for societal and national development. The need for this work is born out of the observation that the Igbo, as well as other tribes in Nigeria are rich with internationally acclaimed learned personalities. These personalities have distinguished themselves in various fields of human endeavor. Also, these achievements are made in foreign languages. Subsequently, these achievements have led to an increase in the relevance of such languages to the relegation of the scholars’ own mother tongues and invariably their own people. By using the descriptive and inferential methods, the paper presents some neologism processes which non linguists can apply in their various academic fields. Also, they can come up with terminologies in the Igbo language for presenting relevant academic materials for use in teaching and learning the Igbo language. The use of these terminologies could be formal or informal as the need arises. Thus, these processes include extra-language borrowing, loan translations, intra-language borrowing, and specialization of dialectal phonological variants. Previously, metalanguage development efforts by governments had bypassed these professionals. Also, they have focused on developing the terminologies through linguists and selected professionals alone. This has resulted to the terminologies not being accessible to the intended end users. Among other things, this paper suggests that the call for the acculturation of knowledge and the processes of embarking on it should be made public in all institutions of higher education. This is carried out in the Igbo culture area and later extended to the Igbo in diaspora. However, the co-ordination of the process of the formalization of the terminologies should be left in the hands of the Igbo Studies Association (ISA). This official regulating body ensures the maintenance of professional standards and uniformity of usage.
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Abdullahi, Haruna Ishola. "Community Policing and COVID-19 Safety Precautions: An Explanatory Study of Agbopa in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 19, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0290.
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Community policing means synergy between members of the public and police institutions to fight crimes. This could be deployed to address coronavirus pandemic that is currently threatening global peace and security. There are a number of safety precautions that are put in place to stem the spread of the deadly virus. One of the challenges of these measures is poor compliance. This leads to contact with the disease thereby putting pressure on scanty health facilities, crisis at the family level due to loss of breadwinners and loved ones. Hence, this paper assesses the role of community policing in enforcing COVID-19 safety precautions in a bid to mitigate the health emergency. The study adopts mixed research methods; data were sourced secondarily through the content analysis of peer-reviewed journals, edited text-books and online resources. The primary data were gotten by administering questionnaires on 364 respondents. Taro Yamane formula was used in arriving the sample size from the total population of 4,000 people. Frequency counts and correlation were used in primary data analysis. The two hypotheses tested led to rejection of null hypotheses and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. The test statistics are (P= 0.000, R= 0.144, 5%), (P=0.00. R= 0.098, 5%). Findings revealed that community policing approach significantly enhanced wearing of face masks, social distance in the schools, worship centres and during transportation. The study recommends effective collaborations among people at the grassroots to end COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will be useful to individuals, Community Development Associations, National Centre for Disease Control and other stakeholders.
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Nidiya, Sani Adamu, Dominic Dzari Isa, and Amos Rapael Medugu. "DIRECT REVENUE ALLOCATION TO NIGERIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A MEANS TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT." IJRDO - Journal of Business Management 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/bm.v8i9.5295.
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The issue of revenue allocation remains very volatile, crucial and constitutes a major source of political and governmental tension in Nigeria. It has become a subject of hot debate because of the political nature of the exercise. This paper examines the revenue allocation system in Nigeria vis-à-vis the functional and institutional relevance of local government in national development. The paper strongly advocates for a direct revenue allocation to Nigerian local governments; it also identifies roles/functions capable of playing by local governments in national development; and showcases the operational and tactical roles of local government in enhancing national development. Typology of this research work is basically descriptive. Its research method is qualitative. Data for the study came primarily from secondary sources such as textbooks, journals articles, lecture notes, newspapers and academic research projects. This paper reveals the following facts: grassroots’ development is a forerunner of national development; basic social services are mostly needed at grassroots level; local governments afford citizens the opportunities for political participation, political socialization and political education; and local governments are capable of solving the perpetual problems of rural-urban migration, rural transformation and development. This paper assertively concludes that direct allocation of funds to local governments will facilitate promotion of grassroots’ democracy, promotion of economic development, good governance, political accountability, agricultural growth and development, transparency, local freedom, accessibility to local needs, responsiveness to local wishes and initiatives, rural transformation and overall national development.
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Jeremiah, Ugwuoke Paulinus. "Social Welfare at The Grassroots and Contributions to National Development." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10613.
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Globally, social problems are taking different dimensions, which keep evolving. Approaches to tackle these problems cannot only rely on improved economic power and privileges, whereby some global citizens cannot participate economically. This could be because of failed biological organs, weak institutions, or social disorganization. The consequences manifest in poverty, mortality, and vulnerability. While it is important for societies to develop economically, it is likewise important that they develop socially, by inclusion and social security. This is the essence of social welfare, as gaining increased attention across the globe. This paper looks at the concepts of social welfare and social development across continents and argues its importance to the achievement of sustainable development goals, especially for developing nations like Nigeria. It relies on a traditional review of the literature and a framework of models of welfare put forward by Titmus to include the residual, achievement-performance, and institutional models.
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Osuji, J. N., and J. A. Agbakwuru. "A Review on Effectiveness of Marine Pollution Control and Management in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i6.28.
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This study reviews the successes and limitations of agencies saddled with marine pollution control and management in Nigeria using secondary data. The agencies investigated include Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), and Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The study shows that NIMASA has been at the frontline of marine pollution control and has been dynamic and effective in marine pollution control and management in Nigeria. Port reception facilities by NPA for ship waste collection within stipulated time to encourage turn-around time of vessels is encouraging. For NOSDRA, the review highlights some statutory impediments affecting the effective functioning of the agency. It is important to de-bottleneck all statutory issues threatening the smart performance of NOSDRA. Delay in attending to oil pollution, for instance, is a huge control failure with multiplying consequences for the environment. The effort in the development of an action plan referred to as National Oil Spill Compensation Rate (NOSCR) which stipulates compensation to affected or host communities from facility operators is not a control measure and may even be misused by criminal minds to intentionally cause spills and pollution in other to seek financial gain. Grassroots operators should be sensitized to more effective ways to control and handle marine pollutants. This can be achieved with the simple truth that harms to the marine environment are an invitation to the end of the existentialism of life itself. It is believed that once the attitudinal change by the marine operators and especially the grassroots is achieved, marine pollution control and management can be made more effective.
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Schroering, Caitlin. "Water is a Human Right! Grassroots Resistance to Corporate Power." Journal of World-Systems Research 25, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2019.899.
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In this short piece, I seek to explore two main questions: 1) How can communities take control over local governance and shape local economic futures?and2) How can local communities effectively band together to support world-system transformation? I examine examples of transnational organizing around water and, specifically, the National Summit on the Human Right to Water held in Abuja, Nigeria in January 2019. A repeated theme at the Summit was the idea that privatization is a threat because the narrative of the profit-based solution of privatization is at odds with the idea that people—and their human right to basic needs like water—come before profit. Privatization is a threat to human rights everywhere,and as climate change progresses resources will become even more scarce, with more of a push from corporations seeking to control and commodify water. One of the most powerful short-term results of this summit, therefore, was how it served as a space forglobalsolidarity buildingaround the human right to water.
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Carrico, Catherine, and Katherine Bennett. "An Update on Recent Geriatric Education Advocacy Efforts." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1802.
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Abstract The National Association for Geriatric Education (NAGE) has maintained consistent education and advocacy efforts since 2006. In recent years NAGE has implemented formal and grassroots advocacy strategies. At the federal level NAGE has increased collaboration with other aging advocacy organizations and coalitions. At the request of Congress, NAGE leadership and stakeholders have testified before Congress and regularly submit testimony to the House and Senate. NAGE staff maintain strong working relationships with congressional staff. Strategies for effective grassroots education and advocacy have been taught to members, and membership has mobilized to educate elected officials about the essential work of the Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs across the country. This presentation will provide a thorough review of NAGE’s advocacy work over the past 4 years.
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B. Ekpo, Ntiedo. "Informal Capital Markets and Integrated Rural Development in Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 22 (August 30, 2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n22p305.
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The study examined the effects of informal capital markets on people-oriented development at the grassroots level in Nigeria. It was motivated by the prevalent speculations and differences of opinion in the literature about the effects of the markets on rural development in most third world countries, including Nigeria. The study adopted the exploratory survey research design and used mean score and Mann-Whitney U test in analyzing the data. The outcome of the analysis, among others, shows first, that all the benchmarks for rural developments, such as poverty reduction, women empowerment and housing development, were significantly related to informal capital market participation. Second, the utilization of micro credits was a major factor in the profitability and growth of business in the rural areas. It is recommended that the monetary authorities and other policymakers recognize the cooperative finance efforts of this group of financial institutions, and devise appropriate means of integrating it with the formal financial sector for improved financial intermediation and wellbeing of the rural poor as well as sustainable growth of the national economies.
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Deribe, Abacha Umar, Usman Sambo, Babayo Sule, and Ibrahim Salihu. "Unmasking the Tape of Electoral Fraud in Grassroots Nigeria: Evidence from the Management of the Local Council Elections by the State Independent Electoral Commissions (SIECs)." Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2021.v01i01.004.
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Electoral fraud is identified as an albatross on genuine democratisation in Nigerian politics. The Nigerian political culture demonstrates a zero-sum game where a winner takes all and where a winner employs all amoral ineptitude to secure victory. The situation is escalated at the grassroots level in the country where the constitutional three-tier of the federal, state and local system was bastardised by the states who succeeded in emasculating the local governments under their absolute personal control. The local council polls usually turned into a charade that is perpetuated by charlatans in the name of elections where in reality, forceful imposition, selection and subversion of the process became the order of the day. The study examined how the use of SIECs aided the phenomenon of electoral fraud at the grassroots level where the local council elections are designed and arrested by state governors based on their selfish desire. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The data obtained were analysed and interpreted using mixed method of statistical tools and content analysis. The study discovered that the SIECs became tools in the pawn of the state governors that they leveraged in manipulating the local government elections against the will of the electorates at the grassroots and that has tremendously affects the democratisation process in the country where authentic institutional building remains a mirage even after more than 20 years of democratic experiment. The study recommends that the SIECs should be abrogated and the INEC should conduct the local council elections together with the national elections at the same time.
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Uwaezuoke, Aghaegbuna Haroldson. "Ethnicity and national integration in Nigeria: towards the use of indigenous language option for information dissemination at the grassroots." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 19, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v19i2.3.
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Olukade, Tawa, Sanni Yaya, Ghose Bishwajit, and Olalekan A. Uthman. "A Population-Based Study on Association Between Cesarean Section and Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria." International Journal of Childbirth 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.9.2.56.
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OBJECTIVETo examine the association between cesarean section and neonatal mortality Nigeria.METHODA retrospective analysis using Nigeria Demographic Health Survey 2013 national population-based cross-sectional survey. The national prevalence of cesarean section was calculated, and logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of neonatal mortality outcome following cesarean delivery.RESULTSThe national cesarean section rate for the 2009–2013 period was 2.1% among 31,495 deliveries. The odds of having a neonatal death was twice as high in cesarean deliveries in comparison to noncesarean deliveries (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.75 to 3.74).CONCLUSIONCesarean section increases the odds of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. There is a need to scale up the quality and timeliness of emergency obstetric services offered to pregnant women.
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Wise, Suzanne. "Lagniappe: North Caroliniana: Storming the Hill: North Carolina Librarians Become Lobbyists for a Day." North Carolina Libraries 60, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v60i1.243.
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“It was exciting!”“I felt I made a difference.”“It was empowering.”“It is probably one of the most important things I have ever done as a librarian.”These and similar reactions were shared by six librarians from North Carolina who participated in “Plant Grassroots @ Your Library” on May 7, 2002, the 28th annual National Library Legislative Day sponsored by the American Library Association (ALA) to put librarians and legislators in touch with each other. Librarians from all over the United States converged on Washington, DC, to meet their legislators and discuss issues important to libraries and their constituents.
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Omoera, Ph.D., Osakue Stevenson, Casmir E. Onyemuchara, and Charles Okwuowulu. "Nigerian Rural Communities and Media Marginalization on COVID-19: Perspectives on Participatory Video." Journal of Society and Media 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v4n2.p385-405.
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This article examined the impact of participatory video (PV) technique in (re)educating rural dwellers on Corona virus (COVID-19) at Iva-Valley Forestry Hill Camp 1, Southeast Nigeria, with a view to generating data that could be tested or extrapolated elsewhere. It used historical-analytic, key informant interview (KII) and direct observation methods to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic/period has exposed weaknesses immanent in human institutions globally. One of such exposed interstitial gaps is the seeming weak media-link in the rural areas. This situation results from lack of electricity, non-access to reliable locally-generated news by resident community members and the lack of know-how to use mobile phones to generate media contents. Rural dwellers constitute 49.66 percent of the total Nigerian population (National Population Commission [NPC], 2018), yet media focus in Nigeria is mostly urban-driven. Having interacted and co-created a video script in Igbo with the community members through PV to determine the level of (mis)information that has permeated the community and (re)educated the rural dwellers on Corona virus and strategies to prevent its spread, the study canvassed the use of indigenous languages, diversification of media and PV techniques in the dissemination of credible information on COVID-19 in Nigeria, particularly at the grassroots
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Nwaerema, Peace, and David Edokpa. "Population Variability and Heat Bias Prediction in a Tropical Country, Nigeria, From 2006 to 2036." Advanced Journal of Social Science 4, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajss.4.1.28-38.
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This research explores population variability and heat bias prediction in a tropical country, Nigeria from 2006 to 2036. Data were generated from the projections of the National Population Commission (NPC) using the population mathematical model for heat bias data. With national population growth rate of 2.67%, Nigeria recorded heat bias of 60C in 2016, 6.1oC in 2026 and 6.20C in 2036 as well as 0.10C decadal variation indicating that it has exceeded the 0.5-0.250C standard comfort threshold. The analytical results show that there is a positive association between population density and heat bias across the states of Nigeria with greater effects in states such as Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, Akwa Ibom Ekiti, Rivers, Osun and Ebonyi due to the high concentration of people in their limited land mass. And more of the eastern states of Nigeria will have much effect of the heat bias due to their high population density. It shows that land mass does not have any association with heat bias and will likely be influenced by land modification and atmospheric characteristics. Heat wave could result to death of people; therefore, national planners should implement environmental, health and land-use management strategies with immediate action in order to make Nigeria a safe place to live.
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Oke, Muritala, Oluseyi Oshinfowokan, and Olubunmi Okonoda. "Nigeria-China Trade Relations: Projections for National Growth and Development." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 11 (October 14, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n11p77.
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The relations between countries as always been defined and pursued by National Interest coupled by comparative advantage, meanwhile, globalization has fuelled interdependence, integration and technological connectivity amongst countries of the world. This situation has led to trade liberalization. The trade relations between Nigeria and China has always been of mutual benefits to the two countries, probably because the two countries are prominent member of the G77 group of developing countries within the United Nations. The era of General Sani Abacha made the relationship stronger as Nigeria shifted from the North to the South and engaged China more having been rejected by the Northern allies of developed capitalist nations. The paper interrogated the trade relation between Nigeria and China and assess the impact of mechanisms and measures such as One China Policy and Nigeria Naira – China Yuan Currency Swap on the Nigeria growth and development. It equally examined the perceptions of Nigeria entrepreneurs in pushing for balance of trade relations between Nigeria and China. The study employed the quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the trade relationship between Nigeria and China. Simple Random Sample (SRS) technique was used to select respondents from Federal Ministries of Finance, Trade, Industries and Investment, Small and Medium Scale Development Agency (SMEDAN) as well Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Content Development and Monitoring Board for the conduction of interviews; while key informant interview were conducted with President, Nigeria Chamber of Commerce and Industry (NACCIMA); National President, Manufacturing Association of Nigeria (MAN), and National President of Nigeria Union of Textile Workers (NUTW).A total of 100 questionnaires was distributed randomly to traders in six big markets which trade in both Nigeria and China product - Ariara Market in Aba, Sabo Market in Kano, Alaba Market in Lagos, Onitsha Market in Anambra, Central market in Kaduna, Nnewi market. The study found out that for Nigeria to get more gains from China, Nigeria traders, manufacturers and organised trade organisation must be carried in decision making and shun importation of already made goods that can be produced locally; support local industries to enhance their production capacity; more interaction between the businessmen of both countries, government official and politician; allowing independent functioning of institutions created to promote trade and investment without interference.
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Areola, o. "Geospatial Technologies for Resource Development in Nigeria." Journal of Geospatial Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/jgst/v1i1.1.
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Guest Lecture delivered on the occasion of the conference on Geospatial Technologies and Digital Cartography for national security, tourism, and disaster management, organized by the Geoinformation Society of Nigeria (GEOSON) and the Nigerian Cartographic Association (NCA), in technical collaboration with the African Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), which was held in RECTAS in November 2021. Conférence invitée prononcée à l'occasion de la conférence sur les technologies géospatiales et la cartographie numérique pour la sécurité nationale, le tourisme et la gestion des catastrophes, organisée par la Geoinformation Society of Nigeria (GEOSON) et la Nigerian Cartographic Association (NCA), en collaboration technique avec l'African Centre régional de formation aux levés aérospatiaux (RECTAS), qui s'est tenu à RECTAS en novembre 2021.
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Morgan, Phillip. "Vicarious liability and the beautiful game – liability for professional and amateur footballers?" Legal Studies 38, no. 2 (June 2018): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2017.23.
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AbstractVicarious liability has a greater reach within both professional and amateur football than previously thought. The newly-expanded doctrine has opened up vicarious liability for amateur players, and within grassroots teams. A greater range of torts may also now trigger vicarious liability, such as acts of on and off-pitch violence. The Football Association will need to review the scope of the National Game Insurance Scheme, which significantly lags behind this expanded exposure to vicarious liability.Examining vicarious liability in the context of football also reveals significant problems with the current approach to vicarious liability within unincorporated associations. This category developed in the context of institutional abuse within highly-organised religious institutions; it does not mean that this category of vicarious liability should be applied to grassroots sporting organisations in the same way. For instance there is scope to apply a different test at stage two. It is argued that the courts will need to tighten up this category so as not to unnecessarily expose members of grass roots organisations to vicarious liability which is able to be executed against their personal assets. Both amateur and professional clubs may also wish to carefully consider their selection of players.
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J., C. Ihemeje, C. Asogwa B., and A. C. Ezihe J. "Managing national poverty eradication programme for food security among all farmers Association in Nigeria." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 30 (July 17, 2014): 2309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar11.687.
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Shiyanbade, Bolanle W. "Interrogating the Revenue Allocation in Intergovernmental Relations, Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Finance in Nigeria." Public Administration Research 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v6n2p71.
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This study examined the relationship between fiscal federalism, governance and local government finances in Nigeria, focusing on the administration of local governments and other subsidiary issues on revenue generation in the country. It analysed the legal, institutional and procedural mechanisms for administration, as well as assessed the effect of intergovernmental relations on local government under federal system of governance in the country. This is with a view to providing information on revenue allocation and intergovernmental relations as important elements in understanding and addressing the fiscal federalism on local council finance in Nigeria in the context of their divergent governance experiences since the fourth republic.The paper discovered that beyond the function of revenue generation or allocation, fiscal relations influenced governance positively by creating the expediency of transparency and responsiveness in government as well as a corresponding three levels of government has responsibilities and roles to play in the lives of citizenry in order to bring governance to the grassroots. However, the work found evidences of lack of fiscal autonomy and independent of local government as well as delay in local government election has resulted to poor performance of local administration in Nigeria at large. The results also revealed that a very important factor affecting the local government administration in Nigeria still remains the overbearing contribution of about 93% oil revenue to the national income; a situation that, both state and local governments in Nigeria cannot generate up to twenty five percent (25%) of their expenditure and poor tax culture amongst the citizenry. The study concluded among others that effective human resources, improved strategy, and enhanced capacity building, are critical to improved revenue generation and allocation, which in turn could go a long way to alleviating good governance in Nigeria.
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Salisu-Kabara, Halima Moji, and Munir Habib. "Brief of activities of the Nigerian Society of Critical Care Nurses." Connect: The World of Critical Care Nursing 12, no. 2 (August 2018): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1748-6254.12.2.52.
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SUMMARYThe Nigerian Society of Critical Care Nurses (formerly known as the National Association of Nurse Intensivists of Nigeria) was founded in 2002.This article summarises its history and recent developments.
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Muhammad, Tijjani, Adam Muhammad Abubakar, and Abdulhamid Abdullahi Adam. "Islamic Banking: A Controversial Position of the Christian Association of Nigeria on Ethical Financial Services and Economic Sabotage." FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v8i2.6230.
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The Central Bank of Nigeria approved the license of Non-interest financial institutions in the country in 2012. The approval has generated many issues and religious arguments everywhere in the country. Some supported the initiative to address poverty and financial exclusion, while others perceived Islamizing the financial sector. The study adopted a survey approach, while the questionnaires used and analyzed public perception, specifically in the Plateau State, Nigeria, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The primary data survey questionnaire got 360 respondents. Some feel sensitive enough to oppose the system that is not imposed on any religious or ethical background, while others criticize the entire process of Islamic Banks in Nigeria. The study found that Islamic banks are established based on the fundamental Islamic teachings and originated from the Qur'an and the authentic Prophet Muhammad's teachings, which challenged some conventional financial institutions' practices that indicate a clear note of avoidance of such conventional facilities. Further, indicate that the Christian Association of Nigeria is sabotaging the momentum of Non-interest financial institutions through religious hate, and ignorance and sabotaging government policy to prevent the institutional contribution toward national development and economic growth in the country; using different approaches to frustrate the funding process of some government projects through Non-interest financial institutions. The paper recommends that regulatory bodies of financial institutions, specifically the Central Bank of Nigeria, should clear misunderstandings of the Christian Association of Nigeria towards national development, create awareness, and avoid discrimination in service delivery by pinpointing Islamic banking in the county.
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ALI, MUSTAPHA ALHAJI. "An Overview of the Role of Traditional Institutions in Nigeria." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 18, 2019): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i3.862.
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he British officials in Nigeria mounted and imposed rules and laws through the traditional rulers who only served as mediators between the people and the British officials. Though, the cultures and traditions of the Nigerian citizens were cherished and reserved by the British government in order to accept and welcome them by the citizens of the country. However, this system worked out well because of the support of the traditional rulers who claimed that since their cultures and traditions were not interfered with, they have no problem with the British authorities (Teslim, 2019).
Before traditional rulers are attached with some important functions among which are contributing to development administration, linkage or "brokering" between grassroots and capital, extension of national identity through the conferral of traditional titles, low-level conflict resolution and judicial gate-keeping, ombudsmanship and institutional safety- valve for overloaded and sub-apportioned bureaucracies. In addition to the above roles, traditional rulers are meant to create educated chieftaincies meaningfully improves the success of traditional rulers (Miles, 1993). Furthermore, traditional rulers serve as another institute of conflict resolution in any nation where the state legal system is weakening to fully provide the judicial requirements of the country (Zeleke, 2011).
A study by Isaac (2018) disclosed that in the olden days, traditional institutions are the administrative organizations in Nigeria. These establishments are entrenched in the history, cultures, and the traditions of several ethnic groups and cultural background. He further explained that traditional institutions plays an important role in the managerial process before, during, and after colonial rules, these institutions have contributed to the history of the nation. The role of traditional organizations was important and highly respected during these periods.
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Adeyemi, Sylvester, and Aniekan Ekpenyong. "VP159 Strengthening Primary Health Care In Nigeria By Patient Involvement." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700397x.
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INTRODUCTION:The Health system in Nigeria is structured into three tiers which include tertiary health care, secondary health care and primary health care (PHC). The latter forms the grassroots system of delivering basic health services to communities in both rural and urban centers. However PHC in Nigeria have been affected by poor service delivery. This has resulted in underuse of PHC due to the acceptance and utilization of health services delivered through this system. This research seek to bridge the gap of inequality, reaffirm that implementing PHC is a human right/duty and fosters patient and consumer involvement for economic, social and environmental sustainability of PHC.METHODS:A qualitative method of research was adopted using a participatory research model. The relative data was sourced secondarily from recent findings (July 2015) carried out in seventy-three primary health centers across Anambra State, Benue State, Kaduna State, Plateau State and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. Issues that were examined included: client perspective and community involvement, status of available services, utilization and service delivery, and infrastructure and human resource capacities. The respondent of 294 client/service user population from interview were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:The assessment showed client dissatisfaction to services being provided. In most centers, National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) requirements like availability of basic functional equipment, well trained health workers, patient record system, and access to water and sanitation were not met. Most of the facilities visited reported to be disconnected from the health system due to supportive supervision.CONCLUSIONS:Conclusively, the interest of the underserved Nigerian could be advocated for through local committees of consumer organizations. Their involvement will have an impact in PHC evaluation, policy making, and implementation of action plans aimed at improving PHC services.
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Sa’ar, Amalia, Sarai B. Aharoni, and Alisa Lewin. "Emotionalising national security, depoliticising the Israeli-Palestinian conflict." Emotions and Society 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/263169021x16123454697796.
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This study explores the growing presence of emotional terminology within Israeli popular discourses on national security, as reflected in the daily talk of Israelis living on the border with the Gaza Strip. It is based on ethnography conducted in 2016–18 as part of a multi-site, multidisciplinary study on articulations of security in frontier communities. Findings reveal that the grassroots discourse of national security is saturated with emotional language, and that this, in turn, is interlaced with relationships terminology. Residents report high levels of insecurity (fear, trauma, and constant disquiet), alongside pride in their families’ and communities’ strong care and solidarity, which they perceive as a great source of resilience. Parenthetically, the state and the military, too, are made concrete through relational emotions. We argue that the language of emotional-relationality frames national security and resilience as mental dispositions, and that this subsequently renders the robust power apparatuses that maintain their semi-transparency.The analysis dwells on the political implications of the phenomenon. We note an association between residents’ preoccupations with the conflict’s emotional effects on their lives and their consistent avoidance from criticising the state’s policies regarding its management or potential transformation. This transposition of the political with the emotional, we argue, offers a distinct insight into Israelis’ familiar tendency to avoid criticising Israel’s aggressions against the Palestinians: the embeddedness of national security in emotional relationships implicitly constructs political criticism as betrayal of intimate relations.
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Igbinovia, Magnus Osahon, and James Afe Aiyebelehin. "Recap of the 55th National Conference/Annual General Meeting of the Nigerian Library Association, Nigeria." International Information & Library Review 50, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2018.1439152.
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Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E., and William R. Brieger. "Village Health Worker Attrition and Function Levels in the ILE-IFE Area of Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 14, no. 4 (January 1994): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9cgd-5q5x-1lgu-7vqj.
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Volunteer village health workers (VHWs) form the backbone of primary health care (PHC) from both philosophical and logistical perspectives. They represent an underlying PHC ethic of community involvement as well as a practical means for delivering health care at the grassroots. Although VHW recruitment and training does not rival the cost of training formal medical and health workers, the investment in not insubstantial. Thus when VHW drop-out rates approach 50 percent in many countries, there is cause for alarm and for investigation into the possible causes of attrition. Nigeria embarked on a national PHC program in 1986, supported by national PHC policy in 1987. Nearly 1500 VHWs have been trained in model local government areas (LGAs) during the intervening years. Although there have been anecdotal reports of VHW attrition, little study into the reasons for drop-out from this large scale and expensive operation have been undertaken. This study looked at the former Oranmiyan LGA (now divided into three) where 115 VHWs had been trained. Only 79 percent of trainees took up PHC tasks, and another 7 percent left their villages shortly thereafter due to school admission or job opportunities. Two to three years after the initial training, 58 percent of the original trainees self-reported that they were still functioning as VHWs. A PHC function test, based on VHW job descriptions, was developed and administered within a questionnaire among the VHWs still living in their villages. Three factors were associated with function score: farming as an occupation, reported recent supervision and reported attendance at a continuing education activity. The results indicate two main points of intervention for preventing VHW attrition. During recruitment, effort should be made to explain the voluntary nature of the work and to encourage villagers to select people (like farmers) who will reside permanently in the village. After training, supervision and continuing education must be planned to maintain a high level of VHW functioning.
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Chukwudeh, Okechukwu Stephen, and Akpovire Oduaran. "Association between Education and Intra-Regional Variation on Child Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa." Education Sciences 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120869.
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Child marriage is a bane to sustainable development, as it has been associated with the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, intimate partner violence, and maternal mortality. This study examines the association between education and child marriage is sub-Saharan Africa. A subsample of one thousand, four hundred and sixty-one females, aged 12 years to 18 years was extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The independent variables were intra-regional groups and education. The dependent variable was child marriage (<18 years). The associations between intra-regional groups and education on child marriage were examined from the ever-given birth subsample to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, using binary logistic regression models. There was a positive significant relationship between maternal education (χ2 = 65.5, p < 0.05) and intra-regional ethnic groups (χ2 = 106.58, p < 0.05) on child marriage. The odds were higher among the Hausa/Fulani groups that do not have a formal education (OR = 1.34; p < 0.05), have a poor financial status (OR = 1.67; p < 0.05), and those who had previously terminated a pregnancy (OR = 1.24; p < 0.05). The findings indicate that the intra-regional ethnic group affiliation and the lack of a formal education influences the incidence of child marriage, especially among socio-economically disadvantage females. Interventions aimed at curtailing child marriage should utilize community-based education to engage relevant stakeholders within the grassroots.
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Miles, William F. S. "Postcolonial Borderland Legacies of Anglo–French Partition in West Africa." African Studies Review 58, no. 3 (November 23, 2015): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.71.
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Abstract:More than five decades after independence, Africa still struggles with the legacies of colonial partition. On the territorial frontiers between the postcolonial inheritors of the two major colonial powers, Great Britain and France, the continuing impact of European colonialism remains most acute. On the one hand, the splitting of erstwhile homogeneous ethnic groups into British and French camps gave rise to new national identities; on the other hand, it circumvented any possibility of sovereignty via ethnic solidarity. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the ethnic groups that were divided between English- and French-speaking states in West Africa, let alone the African continent writ large. This article joins postcolonial ethnography to the emerging field of comparative borderland studies. It argues that, although norms of state-based identity have been internalized in the Anglophone–Francophone borderlands, indigenous bases of association and behavior continue to define life along the West African frontier in ways that undermine state sovereignty. Although social scientists tend to focus on national- and sub-national-level analyses, and increasingly on the effects of globalization on institutional change, study of the African borderlands highlights the continuing importance of colonial legacies and grassroots-derived research.
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M., Raymond, and Ibyingibo S. "National Defence Expenditure and Its Implications on Economic Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-4iwkvnsi.
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The issue of security is presently a critical challenge for the Nigeria State: biggest democracy in Africa as reports of killings are plastered on a daily basis on both print and social media. This is unpalatable for a developing country like Nigeria that has its eyes set on improving the lot of its citizens and becoming a force to reckon with in the global economy. It is on this backdrop that this study set sail to examine the association between national defence expenditure and economic development in Nigeria. The study adopted Ex-post facto research design as the variables- Misery Index, CDEX and RDEX: cannot be manipulated as they are annual time series data sourced from the World Development Indicator and the Central Bank of Nigeria annual report from a period of 38 years covering from 1981 to 2018, which were in turn analyzed using the error correction model (ECM) method of estimation. The result of the Johansen cointegration test revealed that government capital spending on defence, recurrent spending on defence, foreign direct investment and misery index have common trends in the long run. The outcome of the normalized cointegration disclosed a negative and significant relationship between government capital spending on defence and misery index, while a positive and significant long run relationship exists between government recurrent spending on defence and misery index. The short run analysis pointed to a positive and significant relationship between previous year’s misery index and current year’s misery index. The study thus recommended that government defence spending be reassessed to make it development oriented and proper monitoring of defence spending be carried out.
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Maduka, Ifeoma Kate Nonyelum, Lateef Olamide Mustapha, and Blessing Ogechi Ajunwa. "Global Ethical Consideration and Accounting Practices in Nigeria." European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 10, no. 9 (August 15, 2022): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol10n93657.
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The poor culture of accounting practices in Nigeria, as well as manipulation of financial statements have attracted the attention of scholars’ overtime to question the role of global ethics on accounting practices in Nigeria. In view of this, the main objective of this study dealt on the conceptual review of global ethical consideration and accounting practices in Nigeria. The study employed a review of literature by past researchers on the discourse. In conclusion, the study found that in Nigeria the culture of accounting promotes creative accounting practices, income smoothing and window dressing. Based on the findings, the study recommended that culture should be given adequate consideration in enforcement of global ethical rules and regulation among practicing accountants in Nigeria. Furthermore, professional bodies like Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria ICAN, Association of National Accountants of Nigeria and financial reporting council of Nigeria. Should work in concensus in order to comply effectively with IFRS and global ethical rules and regulations.
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Ekure, EN, CI Esezobor, MR Balogun, JG Woo, M. Mukhtar-Yola, OO Ojo, IJ Emodi, et al. "Paediatrician workforce in Nigeria and impact on child health." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 40, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v40i2.2.
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Objective: To determine the number and distribution of paediatricians in Nigeria. It also aims to determine the association between paediatrician workforce and under five mortality (U5MR) and immunization coverageacross the six geopolitical zones of the country.Methods: The part II fellowship examination pass list of the West African College of Physicians and the National Postgraduate Medical College and the register and financial records of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria were searched for the purpose of the study. Using a structured questionnaire, personal and professional data was obtained frommembers at the 2011 Annual Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference or via the Association’s website, email network and phone calls to Departments of Paediatrics in institutions (private and public) across the Country. Data on the paediatricians residing within Nigeria was then extracted from the comprehensive database and subsequently analyzed.Population data, mortality and immunization rates were obtained from the National Population Commission census and their most recent National Demographic health survey in Nigeria. Correlations were drawn betweennumber of paediatricians and U5MR and diphtheria-pertussistetanus(DPT) vaccine coverage.Results: There were 492 practicing paediatricians in Nigeria at theend of year 2011, comprising 282 (57.3%) males and 210 (42.7%)females; 476 (96.7%). Majority (84.7%) worked for the governmentwith 97% of them in hospital settings, mostly tertiary centres (344=88%). Lagos State had the highest number (85; 17.9%) of practicing paediatricians followed by the Federal Capital Territory with 37 (7.8%) paediatricians. More than two thirds of the paediatricians (336; 70.6%) were practicing in the southern part of the country. The average child:p a e d i a t r i c i a n r a t i o wa s 157,878:1for the country. TheNorth East zone had the highest chi ld- to-pa ediat r ician rat io (718,412:1) while South West had the lowest ratio (95,682:1).Higher absolute numbers of paediatricians in each zone were associatedwi th lower U5MR (Spearman ñ=-0.94, p=0.0048), accounting for 84% of the variability among zones. Higher ratios of child-to-paediatrician were significantly associated with higher U5MR (Spearman ñ=0.82, p=0.04,linear R2=0.73) and marginally with lower DPT coverage by geopoliticalzone (Spearman ñ=-0.77, p=0.07, linear R2=0.59).Conclusion: The study reveals that the number of paediatricians inNigeria is grossly inadequate with a huge child-to-paediatrician ratio.There is also an uneven distribution of the paediatricians with higher numbers in the southern states. Zones of the country with lower child-to-paediatrician ratios also experienced lower U5MR. There is a need to train more paediatricians in Nigeria and promote an even distribution of the paediatrician workforceKey words: Paediatrician, workforce, child-to-paediatrician ratio, under-5 mortality, immunization, childhealth, Nigeria
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Adesina, Kola, Adeyemi Obalanlege, and Lekan Togunwa. "Gone to Stamford Bridge? Influence of Foreign Football and Its Digital Coverage on Youths in Abeokuta, Nigeria." Studies in Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i1.2415.
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This study investigates the influence of foreign football and its digital coverage among youths in Abeokuta. It examines the values portrayed by internet/satellite technology, the extent to which these values affect Nigerian youths, and the extent to which Nigerian youths’ exposure to foreign football through the internet/satellite technology affects their commitment to Nigerian football.The study employed qualitative method of Focus Group Discussion (FGD), using discussion guide to source data from youth in Abeokuta South and Abeokuta North Local Government Areas.Among others, the study discovered that major values promoted by internet technology such as technical companionship, global citizenship and technological determinism enhances western values and interests, and have undermined to a very large extent the citizenship values of Nigerian youths. Nigerian youths have practically abandoned their citizenship values such as love and loyalty to the country, patriotism and commitment to national ideas, and have embraced the values promoted by the internet with their passion for foreign football.The main findings recognises Nigerian youths interest in European football was motivated by good organization, adequate and quality facilities and good football on the field of play; hence Nigerian youths abandoned Nigerian football due to poor management, inadequate and poor facilities and insecurity at match venues, among other factors.Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that Nigerian football should be overhauled. There is need for proper funding to fix facilities like quality stadia, provision of security at match venues and ensure proper administration of the games. Youth football should be revived in Nigeria and grassroots football should be re-introduced at primary and secondary school levels to discover raw talents. Adequate arrangement should be made for marketing and sponsorship programmes, including live coverage of football events on the Nigeria television network.
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Oludairo, O. O., J. K. P. Kwaga, A. A. Dzikwi, and J. Kabir. "ISOLATION AND PREVALENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN WILD ANIMALS AT THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN JOS, NIGERIA." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 14, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31402.
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There had been reports of infectious diarrhea leading to death of wild animals at the National Zoological Garden Jos, Nigeria which could possibly be due to E. coli. The presence of the zoonotic infection puts the animals, staff, visitors and the general public at risk of contracting the bacteria which could lead to death of wildlife, economic losses, wildlife conservation issues, human sickness, expenditure on treatments or death of man or animals. The record of surveillance of E. coli in Nigeria is limited. The study sought to determine the presence and prevalence of E. coli in the zoo. 160 faecal samples were collected over a period of three months and analysed for E. coli using the conventional biochemical tests and confirmation was done using the Microbact GNB 12E. Seventy seven (48.1%) isolates showed reactions presumptive of E. coli after the conventional biochemical tests while 58 (36.3%) were confirmed after testing with Microbact GNB 12E. The confirmed isolates were from primates 18, carnivores 5, herbivores 5, birds 28, and reptiles 2. There was a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the different classes of animals and the isolation of E. coli. There was also a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the occurrence of E. coli and months of sample collection. The occurrence and high prevalence of E. coli implies the organism could be the cause of infectious diarrhoea and death in the zoo, while staff and as many as visit the zoo are at risk of contracting the organisms from the animals or other contaminated objects which could lead to human death and epidemics.
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Burns, Leslie David, and Sj Miller. "Social Justice Policymaking in Teacher Education from Conception to Application: Realizing Standard VI." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no. 2 (February 2017): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900202.
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Background/Context This article describes the fundamental role of social justice in public education and professional teacher education. Purpose The purpose of this policy analysis is to explicate the theorizing, conceptualization, formalization, and implementation of the first standard for social justice teaching and teacher education in U.S. history, published by the National Council of Teachers of English and approved by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education in November 2012. Design Using a policy narrative approach, the authors explicate the grassroots political processes, professional political action and advocacy, and policy procedures and scholarship undertaken to construct a successfully vetted, approved, and fully implemented national policy in one subject-area professional association (SPA). The authors demonstrate how other SPAs and affiliated groups may pursue similar policies for socially just teaching and teacher education across disciplines, fields, and contexts across education. Conclusions Using research to theorize responsive teaching pedagogies and using findings from social psychology research to generate a socially just orientation to teaching in public schools, the authors highlight the ways in which social justice teaching is not simply a possible orientation for professional educators to consider but a fundamental tenet and primary consideration of public education overall. The authors conclude that SPAs and public education professionals not only may but must engage in social justice policymaking for educational equity in order to succeed in attaining education reforms that truly serve the public good.
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Atoyebi, Taibat A., Murtala A. O. Mustafa, and Moruf A. Mobolaji. "An Assessment of Ethical Sensitivity of Professional Accountants in Nigeria." Business and Management Studies 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v4i1.3019.
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This study assessed the ethical sensitivity of Professional accountants in Nigeria with particular reference to members of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) and the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN). Professional Commitment, Organizational Commitment, Idealistic and Relativist ethical orientations and their effects on ethical sensitivity of the professional accountants were examined. The descriptive research design was adopted while data were collected through the Accountants’ Ethical Sensitivity Scale Questionnaire (AESS) questionnaire administered to 250 professional accountants. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that there exists an insignificant negative relationship between professional commitment and professional accountants’ ethical sensitivity while idealistic ethical orientation has a significant negative relationship with professional accountants’ ethical sensitivity. However, relativist ethical orientations and organizational commitment have a significant positive effect on professional accountants’ ethical sensitivity.
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Murthy, Gudlavalleti V. S., Samantha Fox, Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam, Clare E. Gilbert, Abdull M. Mahdi, Abdullahi U. Imam, and Gabriel Entekume. "Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and association with ethnicity in Nigeria : results from a national survey : cardiovascular topics." Cardiovascular Journal Of Africa 24, no. 9 (December 4, 2013): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5830/cvja-2013-058.
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Chukwuebuka Okafor, Christian Madu, Charles Ajaero, Henrietta Ajaero, Chinelo Nzekwe, and Loveline Nebo. "Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Residents of a High Density – Low Income Area in Enugu City, Nigeria." Technium Social Sciences Journal 11 (September 1, 2020): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v11i1.1480.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection is increasing steadily in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to assess the perception of people living in low income and densely populated area about COVID-19. This study was carried out in one of the most popular low income area (Abakpa-Nike) in a major city in South East, Nigeria (Enugu). Four hundred questionnaires were administered to heads of the household in this community. A return rate of 77.5% was achieved. Descriptive (frequency, percentages, weighted average and median) and inferential statistics were used for the study. Our tests show that females are more likely to use facemask more frequently than males (p=0.000). However, there is no association between gender and frequent use of hand sanitizers (p=0.06). also, no association exists between gender and regular observation of social distancing (p=0.272). There was also an association between educational status and perception that Nigeria’s tropical climate “kills” COVID-19 virus (p=0.021). No association exist between educational status and the perception that Nigerians immune system is “stronger” than COVID-19 virus (p=0.147). Therefore, National Center for Diseases and Control, Presidential Task Force on COVID-19 and pertinent state agencies should put into consideration educational attainment and economic status of the people in communication output.
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Yakubu, Aminu, Amos Raphael Medugu, Aminu Yakubu, Ruth Livinus, and Sani Adamu Nidiya. "Forensic Accounting: A Means to Fraud Control in Nigerian Economy." IJRDO - Journal of Business Management 8, no. 12 (December 27, 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/bm.v8i12.5327.
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With an upsurge in financial accounting fraud in the global economy, forensic accounting has become an emerging topic of great importance for academic, research and industries. The objective of the study is to examine forensic accounting as a rout to financial fraud control in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined if there is significant agreement amongst stakeholders on the effectiveness of forensic accounting in financial fraud control, financial reporting and internal control quality. The survey design was used in the study with a sample size of 45 consisting of accountants, management staffs, practicing auditors and shareholders. The simple random technique was utilized in selecting the sample size, while the binomial test was employed in the data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there is significant agreement amongst stakeholders on the effectiveness of forensic accounting in fraud control, financial reporting and internal control quality. In line with the above findings, we recommend that the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Association of National Accountants of Nigeria and the National Universities Commission should encourage formalization and specialization in the field of forensic accounting. In addition, the government should stimulate interest in forensic accounting for monitoring and investigation of suspected corruption cases.
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Diepiriye, Davies Stanley. "International Financial Reporting Standards and Value Relevance of Accounting Information: A Mult-Institutional Perspectives from Nigeria Quoted Firms." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v2i2.25.
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This study examined the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards on value relevance of accounting information of quoted firms in Nigeria. The objective is to examine if International Financial Reporting Standards affect value relevance of accounting information. The study focus on the commercial banks, manufacturing firms, insurance, government agencies and the oil and gas firms, questionnaires were structured and administered to accountants and finance managers. The data analyses adopted was the simple percentages and correlation coefficient. The results found a coefficient of 85.1 %, R2 and adjusted R2 of 60.3% and 51.4 %. We conclude that there is significant relationship between International Financial Reporting Standard and value relevance of accounting information of quoted firms in Nigeria. We therefore recommend full compliance to the International Financial Reporting Standard, audit firms should adopt fully the International Financial Reporting Standard and Nigerian accounting bodies such as Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria and Association of National Accountants of Nigeria should endeavor to encourage the auditing firms on the relevance of adopting International Financial Reporting Standard.
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Madugba, Joseph Ugochukwu, Tony Uche Agburuga, Ben-Caleb Egbide, Fadoju, Samuel Oludaro, and Joseph Falaye. "Dysfunctional Association Between Public Expenditure Growth and National Consumption Cost: A Vector Error Correction Approach." Asian Economic and Financial Review 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): 794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.1110.794.804.
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The management of public expenditure is crucial due to its effect on people’s standard of living. In line with this, this study investigated public expenditure growth and national consumption costs using a vector error correction approach. The objective is to determine the effect of capital and recurrent expenditure on the consumer price index. The dependent variable in this study is national consumption measured by the consumer price index, while the independent variable is public expenditure measured by capital and recurrent expenditures. An ex post facto research design was adopted, and data for the study spanning from 1981 to 2019 was sourced from the World Bank. Descriptive statistics, unit root tests, cointegration tests and vector error correction estimates were all conducted with the aid of EViews 9. Based on the results, we concluded that there is a positive but insignificant relationship between the consumer price index and capital and recurrent expenditures of the government in Nigeria. We recommend that Nigeria’s government should increase expenditure on projects that will improve the economy and the living standards of the people. Additionally, there is an urgent need for proper monitoring of allocations contained in the budget to ensure efficient and effective utilization of funds, as this will help to improve the standard of living of the people and improve the economy.
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Eleje, George Uchenna, Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Ayyuba Rabiu, Olabisi Morebise Loto, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman, Preye Owen Fiebai, et al. "Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study." Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy 9 (January 2021): 251513552110325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25151355211032595.
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Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when p-value was < 0.05. Results: Of 159 pregnant women who completed the interview questions, 21 [13.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9–18.5%] were vaccinated for hepatitis B for one to three doses. The numbers of doses received were: three doses (8/159, 5.0%), two doses (5/159, 3.1%), and one dose (8/159, 5.0%). The reasons for non-uptake of vaccination included: lack of awareness of the vaccine 83/138 (60.1%), inadequate access to vaccine 11/138 (8.0%), and positivity to hepatitis B virus 10/138 (7.2%). The uptake of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly affected by the level of education (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.08–1.01, p = 0.041), but in multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between hepatitis B vaccination and participants’ level of education (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 0.95–10.16; p = 0.061) did not remain significant. Conclusions: In Nigeria, the national hepatitis B vaccination coverage among pregnant women appears poor, with the full-dose coverage even poorer. The level of education was not positively associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccination, while lack of awareness of the vaccine was the commonest reason for non-uptake. Funding: TETFund National Research Fund 2019 (grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).
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Egbe, Catherine O., Stella A. Bialous, and Stanton Glantz. "Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Implementation in Nigeria: Lessons for Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 8 (April 6, 2018): 1122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty069.
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Abstract Background Nigeria is a significant tobacco market and influential country in Africa. Nigeria ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2005. We reviewed Nigeria’s tobacco control legislation since 2000 and compliance of the National Tobacco Control Act (NTCA) 2015 with the FCTC. Methods We reviewed the National Tobacco Control Bills 2011 (proposed by legislature) and 2014 (proposed by Executive), the NTCA 2015, and media stories on tobacco control from 2008 to 2017. Results The NTCA, despite being more comprehensive than Nigeria’s first Tobacco Smoking (Control) law of 1990, maintained provisions promoted by the tobacco industry, for example: allowing designated smoking areas in hospitality venues, higher educational institutions, and transportation venues; a loophole in the advertising restrictions allowing communications with consenting adults; and having the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) (which includes tobacco companies) on the National Tobacco Control Committee charged with working with the Ministry of Health to implement the law. The industry is also directly involved with the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) in preparing regulations on cigarette constituents and emissions. In an unprecedented step globally, the law requires that implementing regulations be approved by the National Assembly, giving the industry another opportunity to weaken this law further by lobbying the legislators to favor the industry. As of January 2018, the law was still not being enforced. Conclusion The NTCA can be strengthened through implementation guidelines still being developed. The industry should be prevented from interfering with through MAN and SON, as required by FCTC Article 5.3. Implications The tobacco industry works to block Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implementation even after a country ratifies the treaty. The Nigerian case illustrates that it is essential for health authorities to remain vigilant and ensure that the tobacco industry does not play a decision-making role in the process of tobacco legislation and regulation either directly or indirectly. The unprecedented step of requiring approval of implementing regulations for the Nigerian law should not be allowed to become a precedent in other countries.
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Adejumo, Oluseyi, Cynthia Roli, Oludamilola Adebola Adejumo, Oladimeji Adedeji Junaid, and Sunday Samson Owolade. "Knowledge of the National Health Act among Physicians in two Tertiary Hospitals in Southern Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/babcockunivmedj.v5i2.136.
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Objective: Knowledge of provisions of the National Health Act among physicians and stakeholders is pivotal to its successful implementation. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the National Health Act (NHA) among Physicians in two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Southern Nigeria. The consecutively recruited eligible respondents were assessed for knowledge of NHA using a 24-item self-administered close-ended structured questionnaire. The total obtainable score was 26. Those with <13 points had poor knowledge, 13-21 points had good knowledge and >21 points had excellent knowledge. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. P-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: One hundred and ninety-five doctors with a male: female ratio of 1.9:1 participated in the study. The majority (91.8%) were ≤40 years and 129(66.2%) of the participants were ≤ 10 years post qualification. The frequency of correctly answered questions ranged between 7.7% - 89.2%. According to overall knowledge scores; 64.6% had poor knowledge; 35.4% had good knowledge and none had excellent scores. There was no statistically significant association between knowledge of NHA and gender, age, and number of years post-qualification (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that only about a third of the participants had good knowledge of key provisions of the NHA. We strongly recommend that relevant sections of the Act should be incorporated into the medical curriculum both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
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Bello, Bashir, Sandra Elaine Hartley, and Gillian Yeowell. "Nigerian physiotherapists’ knowledge, current practice and perceptions of their role for promoting physical activity: A cross-sectional survey." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): e0266765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266765.
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Background Nigeria has the highest rates of physical inactivity in Africa. As physical inactivity is a leading global risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD), physical activity promotion is a strategy for their mitigation. Physiotherapists are already ideally situated to undertake this role and can assist in the reversal of NCD. Gaining insight into how physiotherapists in Nigeria perceive their role in relation to physical activity promotion is needed to ensure this undertaking will be effective. This national survey aimed to investigate Nigerian physiotherapists’ knowledge and current practice for promoting physical activity across Nigeria and perceptions of their role related to this. Methods Following ethical approval, a cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey design was employed to investigate the aim. 330 qualified physiotherapists, working across Nigeria were recruited. Internal consistency of the survey was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse closed questions. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse open-ended questions. Chi-square inferential statistic was used to investigate the association between variables with alpha interpreted at a level of 0.05. Results The internal consistency of the questionnaire survey was good overall (Cronbach Alpha α = 0.71). 330 physiotherapists participated. 99.4% agreed that discussing the benefits of a physically active lifestyle with patients is part of their role. However, over 60% did not feel confident in suggesting specific physical activity programs for their patients. 59.7% were aware of one or more physical activity guideline. However, only 49.1% were incorporating it into their practice. 85.5% felt that developing a physical activity guideline specifically for Nigeria would promote physical activity. 63.3% of respondents did not use any resource in promoting physical activity. An association was found between the physiotherapist’s awareness of physical activity guidelines and male sex (χ2 = 8.95, df = 2, p = 0.01). Conclusion Whilst most physiotherapists had a positive perception of their role in promoting physical activity, translating this into practice would seem to be challenging. A systems approach to physical activity health promotion is recommended with the need for a commitment by the Nigerian Government to the development and implementation of national guidelines. Incorporating more training in physiotherapy education could foster more confidence in the delivery of these guidelines. Greater use of resources and working with community organisations could help to optimise physical activity uptake in Nigeria.
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El Vilaly, Mohamed Abd salam, Maureen A. Jones, Makela Cordero Stankey, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Andat Dasogot, Stefanie J. Klug, et al. "Access to paediatric surgery: the geography of inequality in Nigeria." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e006025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006025.
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BackgroundAbout 96.3 million children and adolescents aged 0–19 years reside in Nigeria, comprising 54% of the population. Without adequate access to surgery for commonly treatable diseases, many face disability and increased risk of mortality. Due to this population’s unique perioperative needs, increasing access to paediatric surgical care requires a situational evaluation of the distribution of paediatric surgeons and anaesthesiologists. This study’s aim is to identify the percentage of Nigerian youth who reside within 2 hours of paediatric surgical care at the state and national level.MethodsThe Association of Paediatric Surgeons of Nigeria and the Nigeria Society of Anaesthetists provided surgical and anaesthesia workforce data by state. Health facilities with paediatric surgeons were converted to point locations and integrated with ancillary geospatial layers and population estimates from 2016 and 2017. Catchment areas of 2 hours of travel time around a facility were deployed as the benchmark indicator to establish timely access.ResultsAcross Nigeria’s 36 states and Federal Capital Territory, the percentage of Nigeria’s 0–19 population residing within 2 hours of a health facility with a paediatric surgical and anaesthesia workforce ranges from less than 2% to 22.7%–30.5%. In 3 states, only 2.1%–4.8% of the population can access a facility within 2 hours, 12 have 4.9%–13.8%, and 8 have 13.9%–22.6%.ConclusionThere is significant variation across Nigerian states regarding access to surgical care, with 69.5%–98% of Nigeria’s 0–19 population lacking access. Developing paediatric surgical services in underserved Nigerian states and investing in the training of paediatric surgical and anaesthesia workforce for those states are key components in improving the health of Nigeria’s 0–19 population and reducing Nigeria’s burden of surgical disease, in line with Nigeria’s National Surgical, Obstetrics, Anaesthesia and Nursing Plan.
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Adesina, Miracle, Isaac Olufadewa, and Ruth Oladele. "Knowledge of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and place of delivery among urban women in South-West Nigeria." Razi International Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i2.52.
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Background: HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) pose serious risks to health security especially to women, therefore, knowledge of their complications and attitude toward sexual health is important in planning preventive and treatment strategies among women in Nigeria. This study aims to assess the knowledge of HIV and other STIs and its association with the choice of place of delivery among urban women in south west Nigeria. Methods: Data for urban women in south-west Nigeria was collected from National Demographic Survey (DHS) 2018. It evaluated their knowledge of HIV and other STIs in relation to the location of most recent childbirth. Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to establish association between variables using SPSS. Results: 4604 women were surveyed. Some (21.9%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of HIV and other STIs. Women who had secondary school education were 1.7 times and 2.6 times more likely to have knowledge of HIV and other STIs respectively (OR=1.737; p<0.001; CI=1.402 - 2.153; OR=2.604; p<0.001; CI=1.934 - 3.507). Women who delivered their first child in public healthcare facilities were 1.7 times more likely to have good knowledge of HIV and STIs (OR=1.674; p<0.001; CI=1.233 - 2.275). Conclusion: Women education and choice of place of delivery are important factors for knowledge of HIV and other STIs among urban women. Therefore, it is essential to implement more educational programmes specifically targeted at less educated women in urban regions of Nigeria.
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Eleje, George Uchenna, Ayyuba Rabiu, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba, Olabisi Morebise Loto, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman, Preye Owen Fiebai, et al. "Awareness and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria: A national pilot cross-sectional study." Women's Health 17 (January 2021): 174550652110317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211031718.
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Background: There are no national data on hepatitis C virus awareness and burden among pregnant women to justify its routine screening. Objectives: To investigate awareness, seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 159 pregnant women from antenatal clinics across six geopolitical zones in Nigeria consented to anti-hepatitis C virus testing which was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction technique. Confirmed hepatitis C virus positive women were further tested for hepatitis B and HIV. Participants were evaluated for risk factors for hepatitis C virus. Odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined, and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of 159 participants, 77 (48.4%; 95% confidence interval = 38.2%–60.5%) were aware of hepatitis C virus infection and awareness of hepatitis C virus was associated with young age (odds ratio = 2.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–4.21), high educational level (odds ratio = 3.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.63–6.64), and participants’ occupation (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.99). In multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between awareness of hepatitis C virus and participants’ young age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.35; p = 0.018) and high educational level (adjusted odds ratio = 1.48; 95% confidence interval = 1.17–1.86; p = 0.001) remained significant. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence was found to be 1.3% (95% confidence interval = 0.2%–4.5%). All (100.0%, 95% confidence interval = 12.1%–100.0%) the hepatitis C virus-positive participants and 99 (63.1%, 95% confidence interval = 51.3%–76.8%) hepatitis C virus-negative participants had identifiable hepatitis C virus risk factors. Dual seropositivity of anti-hepatitis C virus/anti-HIV and anti-hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B surface antigen each accounted for 0.6%. The most identified risk factors were multiple sexual partners (15.7%), shared needles (13.8%), and blood transfusion (11.3%). There was no significant association between the risk factors and hepatitis C virus positive status. Conclusion: Awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria is low and those aware are positively influenced by young age and high educational level. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is high and provides preliminary evidence to justify antenatal routine screening.
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Smith, David Horton, and Ting Zhao. "Review and Assessment of China’s Nonprofit Sector after Mao." Voluntaristics Review 1, no. 5 (July 7, 2016): 1–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054933-12340013.
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Published research in English is reviewed on the Nonprofit Sector (nps) in China since Mao’s death in 1976. A large, diverse, and rapidly growingnpsexists, but openly political Nonprofit Organizations (npos) outside the Communist Party and its control are prohibited. China has civil society in thenarrowersense that a substantial civil society sector ornpsexists. However, the party-state in China continues to play a dominating role in regard to thenps, especially for registerednpos. Freedom of association is still limited in China, especially for national associations, which are nearly all Government Organized Non-Governmental Organizations (gongos), not genuinengos/npos. Genuine associational freedom at lower territorial levels, especially the neighborhood level, is widespread though incomplete, but present far more significantly than under Mao. A 1989 law madenpos legal for the first time after Mao, butonlyif they are registered with the government (Article 7 of 1989 law states that nationalnpos can only be registered with Ministry of Civil Affairs, and localnpos can only be registered with the local Bureau of Civil Affairs).Millions of small, largely unregulated, Unofficial orUnregistered Social Organizations(orusos), as grassroots organizations (grassroots associations/gas) are important evidence for some significant associational freedom at the local level. Technically, all theseusos are illegal under Chinese law, but they have substantial social legitimacy and relative freedom of action nonetheless. Mostnpos, even registerednpos, can freely structure their internal governance, although nearly all the national associations are clearly controlled by the party-state. For the vast majority ofnpos, especially small and usually localusos, membership and levels of individual participation are now essentially voluntary. There is also a surprising range of volunteering, voluntary citizen participation, andorderly activism(restrained advocacy) throughnpos, especially at the local level.All the above facts constitute substantial progress for thenpsandnpos in China since Mao. Thebroaderscope definition of civil society focuses on the general autonomy of thenpsin relation to the government, with functioning civil liberties, and on the ability ofnpos in general to influence significantly the government on various policy issues. In these terms, China has a comparatively weak but perhaps slowly emerging civil society. The party-state in China does not have either full associational freedom and civil liberties nor participatory or strong democracy as current, stated or operative goals. Indeed, the government has an ambivalent attitude and policies toward thenpsandnpos. But such ambivalence is at least a huge improvement over Mao’s totalitarian repression of thenpsandnpos.
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Oloyo, Raheem Adisa. "Cultivation of Polytechnic-Industry Linkage for Development and Delivery of Curriculum for Technical Education: A Case Study of The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v9n1p69.
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The implication of the unsuitability of young Nigerian graduates for available jobs in the industry raises the question as to the appropriateness of the training received while in school. It has exacerbated the unemployment problem in the Country, and it is worrisome. Of a necessity in curriculum development and delivery, therefore is the adoption of an approach that takes cognizance of the job function of the graduates in the industry and/or workplace and the skills required to perform on the job. In other words, the curriculum must target the job market demand and needs. This paper reports on the development of a demand-led curriculum in National Diploma Cement Engineering Technology through the partnership of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro with Cement Industry, Cement Training Institute of Nigeria, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria, and the National Board for Technical Education. The paper concludes that the emerging graduates from the implementation of the curriculum would have acquired the appropriate skills for the job, and would be acceptable and fit to perform effectively in the industry. Besides, opportunities for earning industry research income and reputation through the provision of research support to the industry is an added benefit derivable from the linkage.
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Sepah, Yasir, Lubna Samad, Arshad Altaf, Nithya Rajagopalan, and Aamir Javed Khan. "Aspiration in injections: should we continue or abandon the practice?" F1000Research 3 (July 10, 2014): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1113.1.
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Aspiration during any kind of injection is meant to ensure that the needle tip is at the desired location during this blind procedure. While aspiration appears to be a simple procedure, it has generated a lot of controversy concerning the perceived benefits and indications. Advocates and opponents of aspiration both make logically sound claims. However, due to scarcity of available data, there is no evidence that this procedure is truly beneficial or unwarranted. Keeping in view the huge number of injections given worldwide, it is important that we draw attention to key questions regarding aspiration that, up till now, remain unanswered. In this review, we have attempted to gather and present literature on aspiration both from published and non-published sources in order to provide not only an exhaustive review of the subject, but also a starting point for further studies on more specific areas requiring clarification. A literature review was conducted using the US National Institute of Health’s PubMed service (including Medline), Google Scholar and Scopus. Guidelines provided by the World Health Organization, Safe Injection Global Network, International Council of Nursing, Center for Disease Control, US Federal Drug Agency, UK National Health Services, British Medical Association, Europe Nursing and Midwifery Council, Public Health Agency Canada, Pakistan Medical Association and International Organization of Standardization recommendations 7886 parts 1-4 for sterile hypodermics were reviewed for relevant information. In addition, curricula of several medical/-nursing schools from India, Nigeria and Pakistan, the US pharmacopeia Data from the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring network in regard to adverse events as a result of not aspirating prior to injection delivery were reviewed. Curricula of selected major medical/nursing schools in India, Nigeria and Pakistan, national therapeutic formularies, product inserts of most commonly used drugs and other possible sources of information regarding aspiration and injections were consulted as well.