Relevant bibliographies by topics / National health services – Rwanda

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Academic literature on the topic 'National health services – Rwanda'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Ruhara, Charles Mulindabigwi, and Josue Mbonigaba. "The Role of Economic Factors in the Choice of Medical Providers in Rwanda." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 2(J) (May 11, 2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i2(j).1255.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of economic factors in choosing alternative service providers and to recommend suitable measures that could be taken to improve the use of health services in Rwanda. The study uses a multinomial logit framework and employs the Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV2) conducted in 2005 by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). To handle the problem of endogeneity, we estimate a structural model. The results indicate that health insurance is an important factor in the choice of health facilities. User fees are major financial barriers to health care access in Rwanda. The results suggest that as household income increases, patients shift from public to private health facilities where quality is assumed to be high. A number of policy recommendations emerge from these findings. First, as insurance is an important factor in choosing a health care facility, policies that reduce health care costs to patients would substantially increase the use of health services. Second, since an increase in income allows the patient to shift to private facilities, the government should consider subsidizing private health facilities to enable access to care in private sector facilities by low-income households. Finally, since distance affects access to health care in Rwanda, there is a need to improve geographical accessibility to health facilities across regions by upgrading and expanding transportation and health infrastructures.
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Dusengimana, J. M. V., T. Mpunga, C. Shyirambere, L. N. Shulman, E. Mpanumusingo, N. L. Keating, C. Rusangwa, and L. E. Pace. "Integrating Breast Cancer Early Detection Services Into the Rwandan Health Care System." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 147s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.70600.

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Background and context: Promoting earlier detection of breast cancer is critical in low-income countries like Rwanda where symptomatic women face long diagnostic delays and most patients present with advanced disease. In these settings, promoting earlier clinical diagnosis should be the initial priority before screening of asymptomatic women. However, there are few data to guide such early detection policies. Aim: Develop a pilot breast cancer early detection program in a rural Rwandan district to evaluate its clinical and health system impact, identify the most effective and feasible roles for staff from each health care system level, and inform national policy. Strategy/Tactics: From 2015-2017 we implemented a training program for 12 randomly selected health centers (HCs) in Burera District, where Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence is located. We trained 1076 community health workers in breast awareness and 127 HC nurses in clinical breast exam (CBE) and management of breast concerns. We trained 9 hospital-level nurses and doctors in diagnostic breast ultrasound to facilitate evaluation of palpable masses. We used pre- and posttests, focus groups, patient surveys, HC registries, and hospital medical records to determine the impact of the training on trainees' knowledge and skills, the volume of patients presenting to health facilities and services provided, cancer detection rate, and clinical stage at diagnosis. Program/Policy process: We met regularly with cancer policy leaders in the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) to share findings, identify successes and challenges and build support. Clinicians trained through the project have been invited to serve as national trainers in CBE and contribute to national cancer strategy discussions. Outcomes: Trainings significantly improved knowledge and skills among trainees and increased the number of patients with breast concerns at HCs and the hospital. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with benign disease and the number of needed ultrasounds and biopsies. HCs and the hospital were able to accommodate the increased volume without compromising other services. We had limited power to assess the impact on cancer stage, but noted a nonsignificant increase in incidence of early stage disease among patients referred by intervention HCs. We are now working with MOH/RBC in planning scale-up of the program to other districts and identify a strategy of diagnostic breast ultrasound at the DH level to facilitate evaluation of patients referred from HCs. What was learned: A strategy to promote earlier detection of symptomatic breast cancer was feasible in a rural Rwandan district, effectively strengthened health system capacity to care for patients with breast concerns, and suggests promising impact on patient outcomes. Engagement of key stakeholders in implementation science can help foster evidence-based national cancer control policy.
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Ernestine, Bayisenge. "Psychosocial Wellbeing of Genocide Widows in Rwanda through Their Associations: A Case Study of Avega in Rwimbogo Sector." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i2.9666.

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<p>The research conducted on the role of associations of genocide widows was undertaken with the purpose of determining the contribution of Association of Widows of Genocide in Rwanda (AVEGA) in addressing the problems of widows of genocide in Rwanda and improving their wellbeing. The results of investigation carried out on 72 genocide widows through a questionnaire revealed that AVEGA improves the wellbeing of widows with the promotion of good health by providing medical services to them, the economic development by introducing activities which generate income in order to eradicate poverty, establishment of good relationship by encouraging the national policy of unity and reconciliation among Rwandans and supporting children in their studies.</p>
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Rosenberg, Ashley, Rob Rickard, Fraterne Zephyrin Uwinshuti, Gabin Mbanjumucyo, Menelas Nkeshimana, Jean Marie Uwitonze, Ignace Kabagema, Theophile Dushime, and Sudha Jayaraman. "Collaboration for preliminary design of a mobile health solution for ambulance dispatch in Rwanda." Global Health Innovation 3, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/ghi.v3i2.986.

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The first 60 minutes after a trauma are described as “the golden hour.” For each minute of prehospital time, the risk of dying increases by 5% (Sampalis et al., 1999). Since 90% of the global burden of injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries and lead to 5.8 million deaths annually, addressing rapid access to emergency services is critical in these settings (Nielsen et al., 2012). In most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there are no formal trauma systems, and many lack organized prehospital care (Nielsen et al., 2012). Emergency medical dispatch and communication systems are a foundational component of emergency medical services (World Health Organization, 2005). Yet there are no established recommendations of creating these systems inLMICs.Rwanda, a country of over 12 million people, is a rapidly developing leader in East Africa. The Ministry of Health of Rwanda established the Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU) in 2007, recognizing the need for public emergency medical services. SAMU’s national dispatch center receives roughly 3,000 calls per month through a national 912 hotline. It organizes regional transportation with 260 total ambulances located at hospitals throughout the country and provides prehospital emergency services in the capital city of Kigali with a fleet of 12 ambulances. In the city, each ambulance has a driver, nurse and anesthetist dispatched for every call. Emergency department nursing and anesthetist staff are dispatched from hospitals around the country to respond to regional emergencies. No formal prehospital cadre of the workforce exists although the SAMU staffhave extensive field experience in prehospital care. SAMU has several challenges to rapid prehospital emergency care including lack of addresses beyond the capital city, unclear location data in densely populated areas, complex communication processes with little information about health facility capacity, and no established electronic dispatch system. The average response time for SAMU ambulances was 59 minutes in 2018, but 39% of calls were not completed within the golden hour.
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Adeyemi, Olukemi, Mary Lyons, Tsi Njim, Joseph Okebe, Josephine Birungi, Kevin Nana, Jean Claude Mbanya, et al. "Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (May 2021): e004669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004669.

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BackgroundLow-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.MethodsBetween April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies, strategies and guidelines associated with HIV and NCDs programmes in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Documents were searched manually for plans for integration of HIV and NCD services. Data were analysed qualitatively using document analysis.ResultsThirty-one documents were screened, and 13 contained action plans for HIV and NCDs service integration. Integrated delivery of HIV and NCD care is recommended in high level health policies and treatment guidelines in four countries in the East African region; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mostly relating to integrating NCD care into HIV programmes. The increasing burden of NCDs, as well as a move towards person-centred differentiated delivery of services for people living with HIV, is a factor in the recent adoption of integrated HIV and NCD service delivery plans. Both South Sudan and Burundi report a focus on building their healthcare infrastructure and improving coverage and quality of healthcare provision, with no reported plans for HIV and NCD care integration.ConclusionDespite the limited evidence of effectiveness, some East African countries have already taken steps towards HIV and NCD service integration. Close monitoring and evaluation of the integrated HIV and NCD programmes is necessary to provide insight into the associated benefits and risks, and to inform future service developments.
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Rubagumya, Fidel, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Achille Manirakiza, Gad Murenzi, Francois Uwinkindi, Christian Ntizimira, Ivan Rukundo, et al. "State of Cancer Control in Rwanda: Past, Present, and Future Opportunities." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00281.

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Rwanda is a densely populated low-income country in East Africa. Previously considered a failed state after the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994, Rwanda has seen remarkable growth over the past 2 decades. Health care in Rwanda is predominantly delivered through public hospitals and is emerging in the private sector. More than 80% of patients are covered by community-based health insurance (Mutuelle de Santé). The cancer unit at the Rwanda Biomedical Center (a branch of the Ministry of Health) is responsible for setting and implementing cancer care policy. Rwanda has made progress with human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B vaccination. Recently, the cancer unit at the Rwanda Biomedical Center launched the country’s 5-year National Cancer Control Plan. Over the past decade, patients with cancer have been able to receive chemotherapy at Butaro Cancer Center, and recently, the Rwanda Cancer Center was launched with 2 linear accelerator radiotherapy machines, which greatly reduced the number of referrals for treatment abroad. Palliative care services are increasing in Rwanda. A cancer registry has now been strengthened, and more clinicians are becoming active in cancer research. Despite these advances, there is still substantial work to be done and there are many outstanding challenges, including the need to build capacity in cancer awareness among the general population (and shift toward earlier diagnosis), cancer care workforce (more in-country training programs are needed), and research.
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VanEnk, Lauren, Ronald Kasyaba, Prince Bosco Kanani, Tonny Tumwesigye, and Jeannette Cachan. "Closing the gap: the potential of Christian Health Associations in expanding access to family planning." Christian Journal for Global Health 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i2.164.

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Recognizing the health impact of timing and spacing of pregnancies, the Sustainable Development Goals call for increased access to family planning globally. While faith-based organizations in Africa provide a significant proportion of health services, family planning service delivery has been limited. This evaluation sought to assess the effectiveness of implementing a systems approach in strengthening the capacity of Christian Health Associations to provide family planning and increase uptake in their communities. From January 2014 to September 2015, the capacity of three Christian Health Associations in East Africa—Caritas Rwanda, Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau, and Uganda Protestant Medical Bureau—was strengthened in key components of a systems approach to family planning—training, supervision, commodity availability, family planning promotion, data collection, and creating a supportive environment—with the aim of improving access to women with unmet need and harmonizing faith-based service delivery contributions with the national family planning program. Community-based provision of family planning, including fertility awareness methods, was introduced across intervention sites for the first time. 547 facility- and community-based providers were trained in family planning, and 393,964 people were reached with family planning information. 32,176 clients took up a method, and 43% of clients received this service at the community level. According to a provider competency checklist, facility- and community-based providers were able to adequately counsel clients on new fertility awareness methods. Integration of Christian Health Associations into the national family planning strategy improved through participation in routine technical working group meetings, and the Ministries of Health in Rwanda and Uganda recognized them as credible family planning partners. Findings suggest that by strengthening capacity using a systems approach, Christian Health Associations can meaningfully contribute to national and international family planning goals. Increased attention to mainstreaming family planning service delivery across Christian Health Associations is recommended.
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Guzman, Andrea. "Case study: Reducing preventable maternal mortality in Rwandan healthcare facilities through improvements in WASH protocols." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 23, no. 3 (June 2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043518778117.

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Problem A lack of proper water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and poor hygiene practices reduce the preparedness and response of health care facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries to infection and disease outbreaks. According to a World Bank Service Provision Assessment conducted in 2007, only 28% of HCFs in Rwanda had water access throughout the year supplied by tap and 58% of HCFs provided functioning latrines. 1 This evaluation of services and infrastructure in HCFs in Rwanda indicates that targets for WASH in-country need to be enhanced. Objectives To present a case study of the causes and management of sepsis during delivery that led to the death of a 27-year-old woman, and propose a WASH protocol to be implemented in HCFs in Rwanda. Methods The state of WASH services used by staff, caregivers, and patients in HCFs was assessed in 2009 in national evaluations conducted by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Rwanda. Site selection was purposive, based on the presence of both water and power supply. Direct observation was used to assess water treatment, presence and condition of sanitation facilities and sterile equipment in the delivery room, provision of soap and water, gloves, alcohol-based hand rub, and WASH-related record keeping. Results All healthcare facilities met Ministry policies for water access, but WHO guidelines for environmental standards, including for water quality, were not fully satisfied. Conclusions The promotion and provision of low-cost technologies that enable improved WASH practices could help to reduce high rates of morbidity and mortality due to infection in low-income countries.
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Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa, Collins Kamanzi, and Tivani Phosa Mashamba-Thompson. "Key Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Implementation and Scale up of HIV Self-Testing in Rwanda." Diagnostics 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040194.

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Introduction: The World Health Organisation recommends HIV self-testing as an alternative testing method to help reach underserved populations, such as men in sub-Saharan Africa. Successful implementation and scale-up of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Rwanda relies heavily on relevant stakeholders’ involvement. We sought to explore HIVST key stakeholders’ perceptions of the implementation and scale-up of HIVST in Rwanda. Method: We conducted in-depth interviews with personnel involved in HIV response projects in Rwanda between September and November 2019. We purposively sampled and interviewed 13 national-level key stakeholders from the Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Center, non-governmental organizations and HIV clinics at tertiary health facilities in Kigali. We used a thematic approach to analysis with a coding framework guided by Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (intervention characteristics, inner setting, outer setting, characteristics of individuals involved in the implementation and the implementation process). Results: Key stakeholders perceived HIVST as a potentially effective initiative, which can be used in order to ensure that there is an improvement in uptake of testing services, especially for underserved populations in Rwanda. The following challenges for implementation and scale-up of HIVST were revealed: lack of awareness of the kits, high cost of the self-test kits, and concerns on results interpretation. Key stakeholders identified the following as prerequisites to the successful implementation and scale-up of HIVST in Rwanda; creation of awareness, training those involved in the implementation process, regulation of the selling of the self-test kits, reduction of the costs of acquiring the self-test kits through the provision of subsidies, and ensuring consistent availability of the self-test kits. Conclusions: Key stakeholders expressed confidence in HIVST’s ability to improve the uptake of HIV testing services. However, they reported challenges, which need to be addressed to ensure successful implementation and scale-up of the HIVST. There is a need for further research incorporating lower level stakeholders to fully understand HIVST implementation and scale-up challenges and strategies to inform policy.
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Semrau, Maya, Gail Davey, Ursin Bayisenge, and Kebede Deribe. "High levels of depressive symptoms among people with lower limb lymphoedema in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 114, no. 12 (November 21, 2020): 974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa139.

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Abstract Background There is a growing body of evidence that mental distress and disorder are common among people with lower limb lymphoedema, although no research has been conducted on this subject in Rwanda. Methods This research was embedded within a mapping study to determine the national prevalence and geographical distribution of podoconiosis in Rwanda. Using a cluster sampling design, adult members of households within 80 randomly selected sectors in all 30 districts of Rwanda were first screened and 1143 patients were diagnosed with either podoconiosis (n=914) or lower limb lymphoedema of another cause (n=229). These 1143 participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to establish the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Results Overall, 68.5% of participants reported depressive symptoms- 34.3% had mild depressive symptoms, 24.2% had moderate, 8.8% moderately severe and 1.2% severe depressive symptoms. The mean PHQ-9 score was 7.39 (SD=5.29) out of a possible 0 (no depression) to 27 (severe depression). Linear regression showed unemployment to be a consistently strong predictor of depressive symptoms; the other predictors were region (province), type of lymphoedema and, for those with podoconiosis, female gender, marital status and disease stage. Conclusions Levels of depressive symptoms were very high among people with lower limb lymphoedema in Rwanda, which should be addressed through holistic morbidity management and disability prevention services that integrate mental health, psychosocial and economic interventions alongside physical care.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Musango, Laurent. "Organisation et mise en place des mutuelles de santé: défi au développement de l'assurance maladie au Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211064.

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Introduction.

Le Rwanda a connu de nombreuses difficultés au cours des deux dernières décennies :la situation économique précaire, les guerres civiles, le régime politique défaillant, l’instabilité de la sous-région des Grands Lacs, la pandémie du VIH/SIDA ;tous ces bouleversements ont plongé le pays dans l’extrême pauvreté. Au lendemain de la guerre et du génocide, le ministère de la Santé avec l’appui de différents partenaires a canalisé tous ses efforts dans la reconstruction du système de santé. Une meilleure participation communautaire à la gestion et au financement des services de santé était un des objectifs retenus dans cette reconstruction du système de santé. Pour ce faire, le ministère de la Santé, en partenariat avec le PHR (Partnership for health reform) a mis en place des mutuelles de santé « pilote » dans trois districts sanitaires (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare) sur les 39 districts que compte le pays. L’objectif du ministère de la Santé était de généraliser ce système d’assurance maladie après une évaluation de ce projet pilote. Cette initiative de mise en place des mutuelles s’est heurtée au début de sa mise en œuvre à différents problèmes :le faible taux d’adhésion, les problèmes de gestion de la mutuelle, une faible implication des autorités de base dans la sensibilisation, une mauvaise qualité de soins dans certaines formations sanitaires, une utilisation abusive des services par les mutualistes, etc. Malgré ces problèmes d’autres initiatives de mise en place de mutuelles de santé ont vu le jour et continuent de s’implanter ici et là dans les districts sanitaires du pays. Dans le souci de renforcer cette réforme de financement alternatif par les mutuelles de santé, nous avons évalué l’impact des mutuelles sur l’accessibilité aux soins et le renforcement de la participation communautaire aux services de santé et nous avons proposé des voies stratégiques susceptibles d’améliorer le fonctionnement des mutuelles de santé.

Méthodologie

Pour atteindre ces objectifs de recherche, nous avons combiné trois approches différentes :la recherche qualitative qui a permis d’une part, d’analyser le processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et d’autre part, de recueillir les opinions des bénéficiaires de services de santé sur ce processus. Ensuite la recherche quantitative nous a permis d’étudier les caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles et l’utilisation des services de santé ;enfin la recherche action nous a permis d’expérimenter les axes stratégiques susceptibles de renforcer le développement des mutuelles de santé.

Cette approche méthodologique utilisée tout au long de notre travail de terrain a mené à une « triangulation méthodologique » qui est une combinaison de diverses méthodes de recherche. Dans chacune des méthodes citées, nous avons utilisé une ou plusieurs techniques :analyse de documents, observations et rencontres avec des individus ou des groupes, analyse et compilation des données de routine.

Résultats

Les résultats clés sont synthétisés selon les trois types de recherche que nous avons menés.

1. Processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et opinions des bénéficiaires

Dans les trois districts pilotes (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare), les mutuelles de santé prennent en charge le paquet minimum d’activités complet offert au niveau des centres de santé. À l’hôpital de district elles couvrent :la consultation chez un médecin, l’hospitalisation, les accouchements dystociques, les césariennes et la prise en charge du paludisme grave. Pour bénéficier de ces soins une cotisation de 7,9 $ EU ($ des États-Unis) par an pour une famille de sept personnes est demandée, puis 1,5 $ EU par membre additionnel et 5,7 $ EU pour un célibataire. Le ticket modérateur est de 0,3 $ EU pour chaque épisode de maladie et la période d’attente d’un mois avant de bénéficier des avantages du système de mutualisation.

Des entretiens en groupes de concertation (focus groups) nous ont permis de confirmer que la population connaît l’intérêt des mutuelles de santé et qu’elle éprouve des difficultés pour réunir les fonds de cotisations pour adhérer aux mutuelles.

L’analyse critique du processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans les trois districts pilotes nous a permis de conclure que les autorités locales et les leaders d’opinions étaient peu impliqués dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles et que la sensibilisation était insuffisante. L’appui au processus de mise en place par le PHR a été jugé insuffisant en termes de temps (18 mois) et de formation de cadres locaux qui devraient assurer la poursuite de ce projet. Les défaillances évoquées ont alerté le ministère de la Santé, qui a mis en place un comité de mise en place et de suivi des mutuelles de santé. Depuis ce temps, on observe une émergence des initiatives mutualistes. Le pays compte actuellement 21 % de la population totale qui possède une certaine couverture (partielle ou totale) d’assurance maladie.

2. Caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles de santé et utilisation des services de santé par la communauté

Il a été constaté que la répartition selon le sexe, l’état civil et le statut professionnel des membres et non-membres de la mutuelle les caractéristiques ne diffèrent pas significativement entre les adhérents et les non-adhérents à la mutuelle de santé (p > 0,05). Parmi les membres, les proportions des ménages avec revenus élevés sont supérieures à celles observées chez les non-membres (p < 0,001). Quant à la « sélection adverse » que nous avons recherchée dans les deux groupes (membres et non-membres de la mutuelle), nous avons constaté que l’état de morbidité des membres de la mutuelle ne diffère pas de celui des non-membres (p > 0,05). Les personnes qui adhèrent à la mutuelle de santé s’y fidélisent au fil des années (> 80 %) et fréquentent plus les services de santé par rapport aux non-membres (4 à 8 fois plus pour la consultation curative et 1,2 à 4 fois plus pour les accouchements). Les non-membres ont tendance à fréquenter les tradipraticiens et à faire l’automédication. Bien que les mutualistes utilisent plus les services de santé que les non-mutualistes, ils dépensent moins pour les soins.

3. Axes stratégiques développés pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé

Pour mettre en place les stratégies de renforcement des mutuelles de santé, cinq types d’actions dans lesquelles nous avons joué un rôle participatif ont été menés.

D’abord la stratégie initiée pour faire face à l’exclusion sociale :il s’agit de l’entraide communautaire développée dans la commune de Maraba, district sanitaire de Kabutare. Ce système d’entraide, nommée localement ubudehe (qui signifie « travail collectif » en kinyarwanda), assure un appui aux ménages les plus pauvres selon un rythme rotatoire préalablement établi en fonction du niveau de pauvreté.

Une autre stratégie est celle du crédit bancaire accordé à la population pour pouvoir mobiliser d’un seul coup le montant de cotisation. Cette stratégie a été testée dans le district sanitaire de Gakoma. Un effectif de 27 995 personnes, soit 66,1 % du total des membres de la mutuelle de ce district ont souscrit à la mutuelle de santé grâce à ce crédit bancaire.

Les autorités politiques et des leaders d’opinions ont été sensibilisés pour qu’ils s’impliquent dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans leurs zones respectives. Il a été constaté que les leaders d’opinions mobilisent plus rapidement et plus facilement la population pour qu’elle adhère aux mutuelles de santé, que les autorités politiques. Cette capacité de mobiliser la population est faible chez les prestataires de soins.

Certaines mesures ont été proposées et adoptées par les mutuelles de santé pour éviter les risques liés à l’assurance maladie. Il s’agit de l’adhésion par ménage, par groupe d’individu, par association ou par collectivité ;l’exigence d’une période d’attente avant de bénéficier des avantages des mutualistes ;l’instauration du paiement du ticket modérateur pour chaque épisode de maladie ;les supervisions réalisées par les comités de gestion des mutuelles de santé et les équipes cadres de districts ;l’utilisation des médicaments génériques ;le respect de la pyramide sanitaire et l’appui du pouvoir public et/ou partenaire en cas d’épidémie. Ces mesures ont montré leur efficacité dans l’appui à la consolidation des mutuelles de santé.

Enfin, l’« Initiative pour la performance » est la dernière stratégie qui a été développée pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé. Elle consiste à inciter les prestataires à produire plus et à améliorer la qualité de services moyennant une prime qui récompense leur productivité. Les résultats montrent que les prestataires de services ont développé un sens entrepreneurial en changeant leur comportement vis-à-vis de la communauté. Certaines activités du PMA (paquet minimum d’activités) qui n’étaient pas offertes ont démarré dans certains centres de santé (accouchement, stratégies avancées de vaccination, causeries éducatives, etc.). Des ressources supplémentaires ont été accordées aux animateurs de santé, aux accoucheuses traditionnelles et aux membres de comités de santé qui se sont investis plus activement dans les activités des centres de santé. L’intégration des services a été plus renforcée que les années précédentes.

Conclusions

Les mutuelles de santé facilitent la population à accéder aux soins de santé et protègent leurs revenus en cas de maladies.

Le modèle de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda est de caractéristique dirigiste :à partir des autorités (politiques, sanitaires ou leaders d’opinions). Il ne serait pas le plus adéquat dans la participation communautaire, mais plutôt adapté à un contexte politique de reconstruction d’un pays.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Button, Catherine. "WTO review of national health regulations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273098.

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Kabeja, Adeline. "Effectiveness of task shifting in antiretroviral treatment services in health centres, Gasabo district, Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4049.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
In the context of human resource crisis in African countries, the World Health Organization has proposed task-shifting as an approach to meet the ever-increasing need for HIV/AIDS care and treatment services. Rwanda started the process of task shifting towards nurse-based care in ART services in June 2010. After one year of implementation, a need to determine whether task shifting program has been implemented as intended and if it achieved its primary goal of increasing accessibility of people living with HIV to ARV therapy and improving nurse capacity in HIV patient care was imperative.A multi-method program evaluation study design, combining cross sectional, retrospective review and retrospective cohort sub-studies were used to evaluate the implementation,maintenance processes and outcomes of task shifting in 13 Health Centres (HCs) located in the catchment area of Kibagabaga District Hospital, in Rwanda. The study population consisted of HCs providing task shifted care (n=13), nurses working in the ART services of the 13 HCs(n=36), and more than 9,000 patients enrolled in ART care in the 13 HCs since 2006. All 13 HCs and 36 nurses were included in the evaluation. Routine data on patients enrolled in the pre-task shifting period (n=6 876) were compared with the post task shifting period (n=2 159), with a specific focus on data in the 20-months periods prior to and after task shifting. A cohort of patients 15 years and older, initiated onto ART specifically by nurses from June to December 2010 was sampled (n=170) and data extracted from patients medical files.Data collection was guided by a set of selected indicators. Three different data collection tools were used to extract data related to planning, overall programmatic data and individual data from respectively, the program action plans/reports, HIV central databases and patients medical files. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies, means and standard deviations (SD). The paired and un-paired t-tests were used to compare means, and chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. To compare and to test statistical difference between two repeated measurements on a single sample but with non-normally distributed data, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used. To judge if current task shifted care is better, similar or worse than non-task shifted care, comparisons were made of program outputs and outcomes from the central database prior to and after the period of task shifting, and also with the cohort of nurse initiated patients.Results showed that 61% of nurses working in the ART program were fully trained and certificated to provide ART. Seven out of 13 HCs met the target of a minimum of 2 nurses trained in ART service delivery. Supervision and mentorship systems for the 13 HCs were well organized on paper, although no evidence documenting visits by mentors from the local district hospital to clinics was found. In term of accessibility, the mean number of patients newly initiated on ART per month in the HCs increased significantly, from 77.8/month (SD=22.7) to 93.9/month (SD=20.9) (t test (df=38), p=0.025). A small minority of patients was enrolled in late stages of HIV, with only 15% of the patient cohort having CD4 counts of less than 100 cell /μL at initiation on ART. The baseline median CD4 cell count was 267.5 cells /μL in the cohort as a whole. With respect to quality of care, only 8.8% of patients in the cohort had respected all appointments over a mean follow up period of 17.2 months; and although follow up CD4 counts had been performed on the majority of patients (80%), it was done after a mean of 8.5 months(SD=2.7) on ART, and only a quarter (24.7%) had been tested by 6 months (as stipulated by guidelines). From central ART program data, a small but significant increase of patients on 2nd line drugs was observed after implementation of task shifting (from 1.98% to 3.00%, 2=13.26,p<0.001), although the meaning of this shift is not entirely clear.The median weight gain was 1 kg and median CD4 increase was 89.5 cells /μL in the cohort after 6 months of receiving task shifted care and treatment. These increases were statistically significant for both male and female patients (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p<0.001). With regard to loss to follow up, only three of the 170 patients in the cohort followed up by nurses had been lost to follow-up after a mean of 17.2 months on treatment. The routine data showed a decrease of patients lost to follow up, from 7.0% in the pre-task shifting period to 2.5% in the post-task shifting period. In general, the mortality rate was slightly lower in the post-task shifting period than in the pre-task shifting (5.5% vs 6.9% respectively), although this was not statistically significant (2=2.4, df=1, p=0.1209).This study indicates that, after over one year of implementation of task shifting, task shifting enabled the transfer of required capacity to a relatively high number of nurses. In an already well established programme, task shifting achieved moderate improvements in uptake (access) to ART, significant reductions in loss to follow up, and good clinical outcomes. However,evaluation of process quality highlighted some concerns with respect to adherence to testing guidelines on the part of providers and follow up visits on the part of patients. Improvements in processes of monitoring and follow up are imperative for optimal mid-term and long-term task shifting in the ART program.
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Atueyi, Kene Chukwu. "Implementing management information systems in the National Health Service." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1991. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4990/.

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As a discipline Management Information System (MIS) is relatively new. Its short history has been characterised with epistemological dialectism. The current conflict and debate about MIS inquiry is broadly between the advocates of the social systems and technical systems perspectives. Few authors have made positive contributions toward clarifying the meaning and nature of MIS, and the appropriate design framework for MIS development. This thesis adds to their effort by using a MIS designed and implemented through action research at the North Western Regional Health Authority. There are seven Chapters in this thesis. Chapters One and Two examine the nature of the problem addressed by this research; the project history, ontological assumptions and research strategy. Chapter Three examines the debate, nature and conflicting views about MIS. It defines the theoretical problem addressed by this thesis and proposes a new concept of MIS. The theoretical problems are dealt with in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five the application of the theoretical concepts developed in Chapter Four is demonstrated in the design of MIS. Chapter Six relates some of the findings of this thesis to the work of other authors. It also examines the problem of human inquiry and the suitability of action research for MIS research. The main findings of this research summarised in Chapter Seven provide a new perspective of MIS as a purposeful system; the taxonomy of purposeful systems; primary context and secondary context of MIS; context analysis and context evaluation of MIS.
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Hopkins, Jan. "From National Lottery to national screening : improving cervical screening coverage and quality in South Lancashire." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301823.

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Sexton, Jonathan. "The maximisation of strategic health care objectives through the commissioning of health services." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365209.

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Domapielle, Maximillian K. "Extending health services to rural residents in Jirapa District : analyses of national health insurance enrolment and access to health care services." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14803.

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This thesis sheds light on differences in health insurance enrolment determinants and uptake barriers between urban and rural areas in the Jirapa district of Ghana. The National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana has made significant progress in terms of enrolment, which has had a commensurate increase in utilization of health care services. However, there are challenges that pose a threat to the scheme’s transition to universal coverage; enrolment in the scheme has not progressed according to plan, and there are many barriers known to impede uptake of health care. Interestingly, these barriers vary in relation to locality, and rural residents appear to carry a disproportionate portion of the burden. A mixed method approach was employed to collect and analyse the data. On the basis of the primary qualitative and quantitative results, the thesis argues that the costs of enrolling and accessing health care is disproportionately higher for rural residents than it is their urban counterparts. It also highlights that the distribution of service benefits both in terms of the NHIS and health care in the Jirapa district favours urban residents. Lastly, the thesis found that whereas rural residents prefer health care provision to be social in nature, urban residents were more interested in the technical quality aspects of care. These findings suggest that rural residents are not benefitting from, or may not be accessing health services to the extent as their urban counterparts. Affordability, long distance to health facilities, availability and acceptability barriers were found to influence the resultant pro-urban distribution of the overall health care benefit.
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Rawabdeh, Ali Ahmad Awad. "An integrated national health insurance system for Jordan : costs, consequences and viability." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337091.

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Arguably, in common with many other nation states, Jordan could be said to have drifted into different ways of paying for health services without always foreseeing the long run consequences of taking the strategic direction necessary. In part, of course, as in many developing countries, the financing of Jordan's health care services has been influenced by its colonial past. This partly explains why, historically, Jordan has attempted not only to provide wholly free services, but to provide privileged access to medical services, not only to the military personnel but also to public servants in general. With world economic instability and recent economic difficulties, notwithstanding the opportunities created by Jordan signing the peace treaty with Israel, and the unclear but likely stark future conditions facing the Jordanian economy, it is highly improbable that Jordan will continue to be in a position to sustain, from central government monies, a health system which currently consumes about7percent of the GDP. Financing strategies will, therefore, have to address the heightened expectations for rising health expenditures. Options under active consideration at this time include: introducing or extending the present system of user charges; community financing (participation ); (increased) use of the private sector; public or private health insurance; and, improving efficiency in the use of hospital and community resources. These are all financing options open to the Jordanian government to adopt, whether singly or in combination, to generate more resources for the health system and to make better use of existing resources. Examining the range of different modalities of health services' financing reveals, not surprisingly, that there are advantages and disadvantages in each financing scheme. Nevertheless, depending on Jordan 's circumstances, some of the approaches may be more appreciated than others: that is from a political, cultural, socio-economic, or strictly fiscal point of view. This thesis focuses upon one particular health financing approach, "National Health Insurance (NU)", and is aimed to lead the government of Jordan to rigorously explore the concept, consider the options, and develop an implementation strategy benefiting, where appropriate, from other countries' experiences with systems of NHI. Specifically, the thesis first provides an overview (or situation analysis) of the healthiness of the Jordanian economy, its key demographic and epidemiological characteristics, and salient features of the Jordanian health sector. This is followed by a largely theoretical discussion of the principles of insurance, and its potential relevance to the unpredictability and uncertainty of health and disease. Methodological problems inherent in public or private health insurance schemes are highlighted, and then considered in a comparative context, drawing on lessons and experience around the globe. The thesis considers as its basic premise that a system of national health insurance is both desirable and feasible for Jordan as it faces the next millennium. To test that premise, the study is conducted by means of a series of investigations emphasising both secondary and primary sources of data, and a range of quantitative and qualitative research methods including: content and document analysis; experimental and survey methods; interviews; and questionnaires. The conclusions drawn from the evidence supports the contention that the introduction of NM is potentially both desirable and feasible in Jordan but subject to meeting very strict conditionalities, not least government ownership of the scheme, and the willingness to address the present choice and diversity in health service provision through health sector reform. These matters are as much political as technical matters. On the more technical front, nonetheless, the design of an appropriate NHI is shown to raise critical issues regarding: coverage; benefits; organisation and management; costing and financing; and, provider payment mechanisms. Various technical options are discussed in the thesis, and were consulted upon with key decision makers in Jordan. Further directions of research and development are also identified, which likely have applicability beyond the specifics of Jordan itself.
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Mowbray, Derek. "Decision making in the Management Advisory Service to the National Health Service." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306735.

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Holloway, Jacqueline Anne. "Performance evaluation in the National Health Service : a systems approach." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57302/.

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This research explores the contribution which systems theories, methodologies and models can make in the design and application of effective performance-evaluation processes. Approaches to performance assessment of organisations are reviewed, and the history and structure of the NHS, its objectives, and dimensions for evaluation are described. Drawing on questionnaire and interview data from health service and civil service staff, and secondary data, current performance evaluation and planning processes in the NHS are described and some problems identified. To test the hypothesis that attention to systemic factors could improve performance evaluation, eight topics are analysed by the application of systems methodologies or models. Four of the topic and methodology or model combinations have received detailed analysis: 1. Making and implementing strategic plans; the Open University's Hard Systems Methodology. 2. Controlling NHS performance through structure and process, e. g. the use of annual reviews, performance indicators; double-loop learning and cybernetic control model. 3. Improving the quality of NHS care; Stafford Beer's Viable System Model. 4. Assessing performance through the outcomes of care; Peter Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology. The areas studied in less detail are: 5. Planning for uncertainty and complexity; 6. Issues related to the politics of health; 7. Reducing the length of waiting lists and times; 8. Planning for health (health promotion and the prevention of ill health).
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Books on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Samoa. Ministry of Health. Health Services Planning Committee. The Samoa national health services plan. Apia, Samoa]: Ministry of Health, 2003.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts. National Health Service: Patient transport services. London: H.M.S.O., 1991.

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Office, National Audit. National Health Service: Patient transport services. London: H.M.S.O., 1990.

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Health information: A national strategy. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Evaluating the National Health Service. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.

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Namibia. National occupational health policy. Windhoek: Occupational Health Services, Public & Environmental Health Services, Pprimary [sic] Hleath [sic] Care Services, 2006.

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Ian, Kendall, ed. Health and the National Health Service. London: Athlone Press, 1998.

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Parliament, Scotland. National Health Service Reform (Scotland) Act. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office, 2004.

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Andrew, Wall, and Appleby John, eds. The reorganized National Health Service. 6th ed. London: Stanley Thornes Publishers, 1999.

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Namibia. Ministry of Health and Social Services. and Namibia Section: Mental Health, eds. National policy for mental health. Windhoek, Namibia: Directorate: Primary Health Care Services, Division: Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Section: Mental Health, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Kendall, Ian, Graham Moon, Nancy North, and Sylvia Horton. "The National Health Service." In Managing the New Public Services, 200–218. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24723-3_10.

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Moon, Graham, and Ian Kendall. "The National Health Service." In Managing the New Public Services, 172–87. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22646-7_8.

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Corby, Susan. "The National Health Service." In Managing People in the Public Services, 149–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24632-8_4.

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Baugh, W. E. "The National Health Service Today." In Introduction to the Social Services, 73–85. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18834-5_7.

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Baugh, W. E. "The National Health Service Today." In Introduction to Social and Community Services, 65–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22154-7_7.

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Shahian, David M., and Jeffrey P. Jacobs. "Health Services Information: Lessons Learned from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database." In Health Services Evaluation, 217–39. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_11.

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Rosenbaum, Sara, Jennifer Lee, Mandi Pratt Chapman, and Steven R. Patierno. "Cancer Survivorship and National Health Reform." In Health Services for Cancer Survivors, 355–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1348-7_17.

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Mukamana, Donatilla, Lisa Lopez Levers, Kenya Johns, Darius Gishoma, Yvonne Kayiteshonga, and Achour Ait Mohand. "A Community-Based Mental Health Intervention: Promoting Mental Health Services in Rwanda." In Innovations in Global Mental Health, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_36-1.

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Naci, Huseyin, and Eldon Spackman. "National Approaches to Comparative Effectiveness Research." In Comparative Effectiveness Research in Health Services, 1–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7586-7_6-1.

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Naci, Huseyin, and Eldon Spackman. "National Approaches to Comparative Effectiveness Research." In Comparative Effectiveness Research in Health Services, 105–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7600-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Connell, Devin, Avery Bang, and Nicola Turrini. "Partnerships to Provide Critical Access; National Rural Infrastructure Programming in Rwanda." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.212.

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<p>Bridges to Prosperity (B2P) is an International Non-Government Organization (INGO) that constructs long- span, cable-supported footbridges for transportation connectivity in rural parts of low-income countries. By building footbridges over impassable rivers, B2P and their partners act as a catalyst in rural communities, providing access to health care, education and market opportunities.</p><p>Following a nation-wide Rwanda needs assessment that involved assessing over 1500 locations where communities reported an inability to access local services year-round, B2P partnered with the Rwandan Government to prioritize the sites that were technically feasible and high impact, culminating in a five-year MOU to co-finance up to 355 bridges to connect over 1.1 million rural Rwandese. The private engineering and construction sectors have played a key role in providing funding and support for this scale up and this paper will address the design innovations brought forth, resulting in lost-cost and low-tech infrastructure for rural applications. To demonstrate the importance of B2P’s Corporate Partnership program on their scale-up in Rwanda, this paper will discuss a few of the innovative design and construction techniques developed in these partnerships through a case study of the Uwarukara footbridge in Rwanda.</p>
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Towler, Ian, Ben Mills, Matthew Lofts, Brandon Mills, and William Benson. "B2P Rutaka Footbridge – Improving Safety using Innovative Deck Pull Method." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0242.

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<p>In developing nations, rural communities often lack year-round safe access to local markets, farms, schools, health clinics and other critical services. Bridges to Prosperity has developed standard footbridge designs and construction methodologies to successfully construct over 200 footbridges.</p><p>This paper presents a case study of the 40m long suspended footbridge constructed in the community of Rutaka in Rwanda in 2017. The normal deck construction method required the operatives to spend a significant amount of time working at height. The industry team set themselves a challenge to reduce this.</p><p>The team successfully developed and trialled a methodology for launching the deck from a platform on the river bank, improving safety and quality control. It is a significant step forward in the development of safety and construction methods for Bridges to Prosperity.</p>
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Kaberuka, Joseph, and Christopher Johnson. "Adapting STPA-sec for Socio-technical Cyber Security Challenges in Emerging Nations: A Case Study in Risk Management for Rwandan Health Care." In 2020 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138863.

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Sezdi, Mana, and Tuna Utku Vatansever. "Occupational safety and health of workers in biomedical services." In 2015 Medical Technologies National Conference (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2015.7374627.

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"Wireless Monitoring Systems for Enhancing National Health Services in Developing Regions." In International Conference on Health Informatics. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004913905110516.

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Kharbat, Faten F., Jamil Razmak, and Abdallah A. Al Shawabkeh. "Proposing UAE-patient portal: A new direction in the health services." In 2017 Medical Technologies National Congress (TIPTEKNO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiptekno.2017.8238040.

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Hung Chi Chiang, Heng Shuen Chen, Chuan Wan Tai, and Ming Been Lee. "National suicide surveillance system: experience in Taiwan." In HEALTHCOM 2006 8th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/health.2006.246439.

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"A CASE STUDY - On Patient Empowerment and Integration of Telemedicine to National Healthcare Services." In International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003870902630269.

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Borovits, I., I. Taussig, and O. Yeheskel. "Strategic information systems planning for national public health services in Israel." In [1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume IV: Emerging Technologies and Applications Track. IEEE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1989.48144.

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Maltsev, Andrey, and Alyona Fechina. "Global Health Services Market in the New Economic Conditions." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific conference on New Industrialization: Global, national, regional dimension (SICNI 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sicni-18.2019.104.

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Reports on the topic "National health services – Rwanda"

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Ursano, Robert J. PTSD Trajectory, Comorbidity, and Utilization of Mental Health Services among National Guard Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578785.

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Ursano, Robert J., and Sandro Galea. PTSD Trajectory, Comorbidity, and Utilization of Mental Health Services Among National Guard Soldiers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544007.

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Ursano, Robert J. PTSD Trajectory, Co-morbidity, and Utilization of Mental Health Services among National Guard Soldiers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612357.

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Ursano, Robert J. PTSD Trajectory, Co-morbidity, and Utilization of Mental Health Services Among National Guard Soldiers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518145.

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Mozumdar, Arupendra, Kumudha Aruldas, Aparna Jain, Laura Reichenbach, Robin Keeley, and M. E. Khan. Understanding demand for family planning and reproductive health services through the Indian National Health Insurance Scheme in Uttar Pradesh. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh8.1064.

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Mozumdar, Arupendra, Kumudha Aruldas, Aparna Jain, Laura Reichenbach, Robin Keeley, and M. E. Khan. Utilization of national health insurance for family planning and reproductive health services by the urban poor in Uttar Pradesh, India. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh8.1065.

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Mozumdar, Arupendra, Kumudha Aruldas, Aparna Jain, Laura Reichenbach, Robin Keeley, and M. E. Khan. Addressing supply side factors to improve family planning and reproductive health services in the Indian National Health Insurance Scheme in Uttar Pradesh. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh8.1051.

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Ainul, Sigma, Md Hossain, Md Hossain, Md Bhuiyan, Sharif Hossain, Ubaidur Rob, and Ashish Bajracharya. Trends in maternal health services in Bangladesh before, during and after COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from national routine service data. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh14.1037.

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Gopinath, Ranjani, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, Sungsup Ra, and Giridhara R. Babu. Tuberculosis Control Measures in Urban India: Strengthening Delivery of Comprehensive Primary Health Services. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200409-2.

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Approximately 2.69 million tuberculosis (TB) cases—about a quarter of the global cases—were reported in India on The Global TB Report 2019. There are nearly half a million “missing” cases every year, either undiagnosed, unaccountable, or inadequately diagnosed and treated. This paper analyzes the magnitude of TB transmission and the quality of interventions in urban areas and migrant populations in India. It identifies key factors and areas that need to be further strengthened for the country to achieve its goal of eliminating TB by 2025. The study is aligned with the government’s objective to strengthen the provision of comprehensive primary health care services for the urban poor as part of India’s National Strategic Plan, 2017–2025.
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Gopinath, Ranjani, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, Sungsup Ra, and Giridhara R. Babu. Tuberculosis Control Measures in Urban India: Strengthening Delivery of Comprehensive Primary Health Services. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200409-2.

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Approximately 2.69 million tuberculosis (TB) cases—about a quarter of the global cases—were reported in India on The Global TB Report 2019. There are nearly half a million “missing” cases every year, either undiagnosed, unaccountable, or inadequately diagnosed and treated. This paper analyzes the magnitude of TB transmission and the quality of interventions in urban areas and migrant populations in India. It identifies key factors and areas that need to be further strengthened for the country to achieve its goal of eliminating TB by 2025. The study is aligned with the government’s objective to strengthen the provision of comprehensive primary health care services for the urban poor as part of India’s National Strategic Plan, 2017–2025.
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