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Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Highway Traffic Safety

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Academic literature on the topic 'National Highway Traffic Safety'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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Flaherty, Laurie. "ENA/National highway and traffic safety administration/subaru traffic safety project." International Journal of Trauma Nursing 1, no. 3 (July 1995): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1075-4210(05)80053-7.

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Segui-Gomez, Maria, and Ellen J. MacKenzie. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 40, no. 4 (October 2002): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(02)70167-4.

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Jolly, B. Tilman, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes☆☆☆." Annals of Emergency Medicine 28, no. 1 (July 1996): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70146-4.

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Todd, Knox H., Joan S. Harris, B. Tilman Jolly, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 745–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70078-2.

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Jolly, B. Tilman, Joan S. Harris, B. Tilman Jolly, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 2 (August 1998): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70149-0.

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Todd, Knox H., Joan S. Harris, B. Tilman Jolly, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 4 (October 1998): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70185-4.

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Todd, Knox H., Joan S. Harris, B. Tilman Jolly, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 4 (October 1998): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70188-x.

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Jolly, B. Tilman, Joan S. Harris, Jeffrey W. Runge, and Knox H. Todd. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 4 (April 1999): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70317-3.

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Runge, Jeffrey W. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 3 (March 1999): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(99)70375-6.

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French, Arthur. "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Notes." Annals of Emergency Medicine 35, no. 6 (June 2000): 0623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mem.2000.106831.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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Ackerman, Kathryn R. "A Critical Review of the Procedure to Develop the State Highway Safety Plan." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1613961199444157.

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Platt, Lance Arthur. "An evaluation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus test at a .08 blood alcohol concentration for the State of Texas." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/212.

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This study investigated the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) predictions of above or below the .08 per se level by Texas peace officers in the field based on the scoring of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test. This study involved the submission of 35 standardized field sobriety testing (SFST) evaluations, including the HGN test from Texas peace officers throughout the State of Texas in a six-month period after completion of the SFST practitioner course. A total data set of 2,000 individual samples was used for this study. A statistical analysis of the data indicated that Texas peace officer BAC predictions of above or below the .08 per se level, based upon the observation and scoring of the observed clues during the administration of the HGN test, were 92.8% accurate during the first six month period upon completion of the SFST practitioner course. An analysis of the data also indicated that Texas peace officer BAC predictions of above or below the .08 per se level, based upon the observation and scoring of the observed clues during the administration of the HGN test, were more accurate during the second three-month period (94.0%) as opposed to the first three-month period (91.6%) upon the completion of the SFST practitioner course. There was no statistical significance found between the two three month periods for BAC predictions by the Texas peace officers. The mean BAC for this study was .114. Three recommendations were made as a result of this study. First, the Texas peace officer should submit the 35 SFST evaluations on a bi-yearly basis to ensure consistency in the administration of the tests. Second, the Texas peace officer should attend SFST update training on a bi-yearly basis to maintain proficiency in the SFST battery and curriculum. Third, the current SFST practitioner curriculum should focus more on the administration and scoring of the SFSTs including the HGN test to maximize the learning of the competencies of the correct administration and scoring of the SFST battery.

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Samples, Agnes Mary Banks. "Validity of Self-Reported Data on Seat Belt Use: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0315104-172201/unrestricted/SamplesA032604f.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0315104-172201. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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Mendes, Sebastian B. "The Development of an Improved Finite Element Muscle Model and the Investigation of the Pre-loading Effects of Active Muscle on the Femur During Frontal Crashes." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1007.

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"Mammalian skeletal muscle is a very complicated biological structure to model due to its non-homogeneous and non-linear material properties as well as its complex geometry. Finite element discrete one-dimensional Hill-based elements are largely used to simulate muscles in both passive and active states. There are, however, several shortfalls to utilizing one-dimensional elements, such as the impossibility to represent muscle physical mass and complex lines of action. Additionally, the use of one-dimensional elements restricts muscle insertion sites to a limited number of nodes causing unrealistic loading distributions in the bones. The behavior of various finite element muscle models was investigated and compared to manually calculated muscle behavior. An improved finite element muscle model consisting of shell elements and Hill-based contractile truss elements in series and parallel was ultimately developed. The muscles of the thigh were then modeled and integrated into an existing 50th percentile musculo-skeletal model of the knee-thigh-hip complex. Impact simulations representing full frontal car crashes were then conducted on the model and the pre-loading effects from active thigh muscles on the femur were investigated and compared to cadaver sled test data. It was found that the active muscles produced a pre-load femoral axial force that acted to slightly stabilize the rate of stress intensification on critical stress areas on the femur. Additionally, the active muscles served to direct the distribution of stress to more concentrated areas on the femoral neck. Furthermore, the pre-load femoral axial force suggests that a higher percentage of injuries to the knee-thigh-hip complex may be due to the effects of active muscles on the femur. "

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Liu, Yan. "Highway Capacity and Traffic Behavior under Connected and Automated Traffic Environment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627667986751621.

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Sim, Samuel Wook. "An initial investigation for a monitoring program for the safety performance of design exceptions in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45815.

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In roadway projects, design exceptions are implemented when the project site consists of one or more substandard design elements. The objective of this thesis is to conduct an initial investigation for a monitoring program for the safety performance of design exceptions in Georgia. A total of 467 projects containing design exceptions were reported in Georgia from 1995 to 2011, and from this crash data for 179 projects from 2003 to 2008 were sampled. The crash data collected in this research pertains to all roadway segments within the projects and is not necessarily related to the design exceptions. Future efforts will be required to explore potential connections between the crash rates and design exceptions. The annual crash results generally revealed a high variability and randomness in the data. For this reason, the average 3-year crash frequencies before design exception approval date and after it were calculated to determine the safety performance for projects containing design exceptions. A method for determining expected results using the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) predictive method is also discussed. The findings will be used to guide future research on design exceptions and mitigation measures to improve roadway safety.

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Allen, Kathy Cox. "An economic model of highway fatalities." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90961.

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Where can state, local and federal government officials concentrate their resources in order to reduce the highway fatality rate? A highway fatality model was developed to determine which factor has the greatest positive or negative impact on the highway fatality rate. A cross-section of data from states for 1984 and 1985 was collected for the following variables: average speed, speed variance, percentage of drivers wearing seat belts, percentage of licensed male drivers, percentage of drivers under 25 years of age, drinking age for beer, per capita alcohol consumption, percentage of urban population, and percentage of urban roads. The highway fatality equation was estimated via an iterative approach using ordinary least squares. The variables testing significant include: average speed, speed variance, drinking age for beer, percentage of drivers under 25 years of age, and percentage of urban roads. When translating the results into a policy action, it was determined that keeping the speed limit at 55 MPH on rural interstates would prevent the greatest number of traffic fatalities. Other policy actions considered in order of their impact on highway fatalities include: more stringent enforcement of the 55 MPH speed limit, restricting teenage night-time driving, raising the driving age to 17 years of age, and raising the drinking age for beer to 21 in the seven remaining states.
M.A.

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Chimba, Deo. "Traffic Concurrency Management Through Delay and Safety Mitigations." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/73.

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Travelers experience different transportation-related problems on roadways ranging from congestion, delay, and crashes, which are partially due to growing background traffic and traffic generated by new developments. With regards to congestion, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) pursue a variety of plans for mitigating congestion. These plans include, amongst other measures, imposing impact fees. The current research evaluates how delay and safety can be incorporated in the mitigation process as special impact fees. This study also evaluates traffic projection methodologies used in traffic impact studies. Traffic volume is a critical factor in determining both current and future desired and undesired highway operations. Highway crashes are also influenced by traffic volume, as a higher frequency of crashes is expected at more congested locations and vice versa. Accurately forecasted traffic data is required for accurate future planning, traffic operations, safety evaluation, and countermeasures. Adhering to the importance of accurate traffic projection, this study introduces a simplistic traffic projection methodology for small-scale projection utilizing three parameters logistic function as a forecasting tool. Three parameters logistic function produced more accurate future traffic prediction compared to other functions. When validation studies were performed, the coefficient of correlation was found to be above 90 percent in each location. The t-values for the three parameters were highly significant in the projection. The confidence intervals have been calculated at a 95 percent confidence level using the delta method to address the uncertainty and reliability factor in the projection using logistic function. A delay mitigation fee resulting from increases in travel time is also analyzed in this research. In regular traffic flow, posted speed limit is the base of measuring travel time within the segment of the road. The economic concept of congestion pricing is used to evaluate the impact of this travel time delay per unit trip. If the relationship between the increase in time and trip is known, then the developer can be charged for the costs of time delays for travelers by using that relationship. The congestion pricing approach determines the average and marginal effect of the travel time. With the known values of time, vehicle occupancy, and number of travel days per year, the extra cost per trip caused by additional trips is estimated. This cost becomes part of the mitigation fee that the developer incurs as a result of travel time delays for the travelers due to the development project. Using the Bureau of Public Road (BPR) travel time function and parameters found in 2000 HCM (Highway Capacity Manual), the average and marginal travel times were determined. The value of time was taken as $7.50 per hour after reviewing different publications, which relate it to minimum wage. The vehicle occupancy is assumed as 1.2 persons per vehicle. Other assumptions include 261 working days per year and 4 percent rate of return. The total delay impact fee will depend on the number of years needed for the development to have effect. Since the developer is charged a road impact fee due to constructions cost for the road improvement, the delay mitigation fee should be credited to the road impact fee to avoid double charging the developer. As an approach to incorporate safety into mitigation fees, the study developed a crash prediction model in which all factors significantly influencing crash occurrences are considered and modeled. Negative binomial (NB) is selected as the best crash modeling distribution among other generalized linear models. The developed safety component of the mitigation fee equation considers scenarios in which the proposed new development is expected to increase crash frequency. The mitigation fee equation is designed to incorporate some roadway features and traffic characteristics generated by the new development that influence crash occurrence. Crash reduction factors are introduced and incorporated in the safety mitigation fees equation. The difference between crash frequency before and after the development is multiplied by the crash cost then divided by the trips to obtain crash cost per trip. Crash cost is taken as $28,000/crash based on literature review. To avoid double charging the developer, either the road impact fee is applied as a credit to the delay mitigation fee or vice versa. In summary, this study achieved and contributed the following to researchers and practitioners: ... Developed logistic function as a simplified approach for traffic projection ... Developed crash model for crash prediction ... Developed safety mitigation fee equation utilizing the crash modeling ... Developed delay mitigation fee equation using congestion pricing approach

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Wu, Chi-Hung Evelyn. "Causal analysis of highway crashes : a systematic analysis approach with subjective and statistical methods." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20030.

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Yang, Chun-Ming. "Enhancing driving safety through proper message design on variable message signs /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3206259.

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Books on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Strategic plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1994.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Strategic plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1994.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Strategic execution plan. Washington, DC: The Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Strategic execution plan. Washington, DC: The Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Strategic execution plan. Washington, DC: The Administration, 1996.

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Snow, Ronald W. 1999 national highway safety survey: Monitoring Americans' attitudes, opinions, & behaviors. Mississippi State, Miss: Mississippi State University, Social Science Research Center, 2000.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Office of Civil Rights. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration equal employment opportunity counseling program. Washington, D.C. (400 7th St., S.W., Washington 20590): National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Office of Civil Rights, 1997.

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Snow, Ronald W. 2001 national highway safety survey: Monitoring Americans' attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. Mississippi State, Miss: Mississippi State University, Social Science Research Center, 2002.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Authorization Act of 1987: Report (to accompany S. 853). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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National, Conference on Corridor Traffic Management for Major Highway Reconstruction (1986 Chicago Ill ). Transportation management for major highway reconstruction: Proceedings of the National Conference on Corridor Traffic Management for Major Highway Reconstruction. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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Aziz, Shawon, Pradeep Kumar Sarkar, and Jigesh Bhavsar. "Rating and Prioritization of Crashes Black Spots and Road Safety Measures. Case Study: National Highway-44, India." In Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering, 579–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3742-4_37.

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Miller, Ted R., and David T. Levy. "Reducing Highway Crash Costs: The Cost-Outcome Analyses." In Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health — Man and Machine, 171–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57248-7_15.

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Bao, Yongqiang, Huiying Xu, and Chenlu Qiu. "Integration Design of Highway Traffic Safety Networked Control System." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, 163–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2398-9_15.

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Cui, Jian, Haoyu Zhang, Jianyou Zhao, and Yunjiao Zhang. "Research on SVM-Based Highway Traffic Safety Evaluation Model." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems, 799–809. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0302-9_78.

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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Maher Ibrahim Sameen. "Review of Traffic Accident Predictions with Neural Networks." In Laser Scanning Systems in Highway and Safety Assessment, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10374-3_8.

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Dhankute, Ayush, and Manoranjan Parida. "Risk Analysis for a Four-Lane Rural Highway Based on Safety Audit." In Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering, 599–618. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3742-4_38.

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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Maher Ibrahim Sameen. "Applications of Deep Learning in Severity Prediction of Traffic Accidents." In Laser Scanning Systems in Highway and Safety Assessment, 129–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10374-3_11.

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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Maher Ibrahim Sameen. "Effect of Roadside Features on Injury Severity of Traffic Accidents." In Laser Scanning Systems in Highway and Safety Assessment, 77–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10374-3_6.

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Rumar, Kåre. "The Swedish National Road Safety Programme — A New Approach to Road Safety Work." In Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health, 73–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03409-5_6.

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Li, Zongzhi. "Economic analysis of highway traffic control and safety hardware preservation." In Transportation Asset Management, 329–60. Boca Raton ; London : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315117966-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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Newaz, Kazi Md Shifun, Shahnewaz Hasanat-E-Rabbi, and Sohag Miaji. "Spatio-temporal study of road traffic crash on a national highway of Bangladesh." In 2017 4th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictis.2017.8047743.

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Garrott, W. Riley, and Elizabeth N. Mazzae. "An Overview of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Light Vehicle Antilock Brake Systems Research Program." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1286.

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Winston, Flaura Koplin, and Richard Reed. "Air Bags and Children: Results of a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Special Investigation into Actual Crashes." In 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference (1996). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/962438.

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Ngamdung, Tashi, and Marco daSilva. "Driver Behavior Analysis Using Vehicle Safety Systems’ Field Operational Test Data." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74088.

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The United States Department of Transportation’s (US DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administration’s John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), under the direction of the US DOT Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development (R&D), is leveraging the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sponsored Integrated Vehicle Based Safety System (IVBSS) Light Vehicle (LV) Field Operational Test (FOT) to collect and analyze drivers’ activities at or on approach to highway-rail grade crossings. Grade crossings in Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio were cross-referenced with IVBSS LV FOT research vehicle location to identify the time research vehicles were present at a crossing. The IVBSS LV FOT included 108 participants that took a total of 22,656 trips. Of the 22,656 total trips, 3,137 trips included a total of 4,215 grade crossing events. The analysis was based of drivers’ activities at the 4,215 grade crossing events. Both looking behavior and distractions did not significantly differ based on gender. However when analyzed per age-group, younger drivers (between 20 to 30 years old) were significantly more likely to be distracted than middle-aged drivers (between 40 to 50 years old) or older drivers (between 60 to 70 years old). For looking behavior, the data revealed that older drivers are more likely to look at least one way at or on approach to highway-rail crossing (43.8 percent exhibited this behavior) than either middle-aged drivers (35.0 percent exhibited this behavior) or younger drivers (25.3 percent exhibited this behavior).

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Burke, Donald S., Martha W. Bidez, and Kathryn Mergl. "Cervical Spine Tolerance to Catastrophic Injury in Rollover Crash Environments." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204926.

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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) rollovers have a higher fatality rate than all other kinds of crash modes. Of the 6,159,287 police reported crashes in 2005 in the United States, only 4.1% involved a rollover. Yet, rollovers accounted for 34.4% (10,816) of all passenger vehicle fatalities and another 149,406 individuals sustained serious injuries in rollover crashes in 2005 [5].

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Chen, Chuan, and Shanshan Sun. "Discussion of the Enhancing of Social Practice and Engineering Leadership: A case of the Activities of the 'National Highway Traffic Safety Science and Technology Action Plan'." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Information Engineering and Education Science (ICAIEES 2013). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaiees-13.2013.29.

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Yang, Steven, Kristian Lardner, and Moustafa El-Gindy. "Study of Occupant Safety and Airbag Deployment Time." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46507.

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This paper presents the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software in recreating a full frontal barrier impact test with a 50th percentile male hybrid III dummy to investigate various passenger vehicle airbag deployment times for the development of an airbag trigger sensor. Results for the physical full frontal barrier impact test where prepared by MGA Research Corporation with a 2007 Toyota Yaris. Using a nonlinear transient dynamic FEA software, a virtual full frontal barrier impact test was created to reproduce the physical results and trends experienced in the physical crash test found in a report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 5677. The results of the simulation were compared to the results of the physical crash which produced similar trends, but not the same values. The simulation was then used in testing different passenger vehicle airbag deployment times to see its results on specific occupant injury criteria’s; Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Chest Compression Criterion (CC). Four different vehicle speeds where used; 20 km/h, 40 km/h, 56 km/h, and 90 km/h in conjunction with a range of +/− 6 milliseconds in the airbag deployment timing. Results of the airbag deployment timing showed that trends of faster airbag deployment times resulted in lower values for HIC and CC. Following these trends, suggestions for airbag deployment trigger distances were developed to aid in creation of an advanced airbag deployment sensor or crash sensor. While the simulation has yet to be validated, the trends may be assessed and actual values may differ.

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Burke, Donald S., Martha W. Bidez, and Kathryn M. Mergl. "Influence of Vehicle Restraint System Design on the Kinematics and Neck Forces of a Rear Seat Small Occupant." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53779.

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In 2008, motor vehicle collisions resulted in 968 child occupant fatalities and 193,000 seriously injured children, ages 14 years old and younger, according to the most recent data provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [1]. In fact, motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for all children ages 3 to 14 years old living in the United States [1]. As children grow older they require size-appropriate restraint types to fit their body at each developmental level. For older children, booster seats are not a total solution for child safety as they are often dependent on the design of the vehicle seat belt system (2). Additionally, there is no federal standard that requires vehicle manufacturers to dynamically test the performance of child seats of any type in their vehicles.

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Parkinson, Matthew B., and Matthew P. Reed. "Improved Head Restraint Design for Safety and Compliance." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99429.

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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently revised Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 202, which governs head restraints. The new standard, known as FMVSS 202a, establishes for the first time in the U.S. a requirement for the fore-aft position of the head restraint. The fore-aft distance between the head restraint and headform representing a midsize male occupant must not exceed 55 mm when measured with the seat back angle set to 25 degrees. The goal of the rule change is to reduce the incidence of whiplash-associated disorders caused by rear impacts. Moving the head restraint closer to the head prior to impact decreases the amount of relative motion between the occupants’ heads and torsos and is believed to decrease the risk of soft-tissue neck injury. As manufacturers phase in seats that meet the new criterion, some vehicle models are producing complaints from drivers that the head restraint causes discomfort by interfering with their preferred head position, forcing them to select a more reclined seat back angle than they would prefer. To address this issue, an analysis of driver head locations relative to the seat was conducted using a new optimization-based framework for vehicle interior optimization. The approach uses simulations with thousands of virtual occupants to quantity distributions of postural variables of interest. In this case, the analysis showed that smaller-stature occupants are disproportionately likely to experience head-position interference from a head restraint that is rigidly affixed to the seat back. Using an analysis approach that considers both postural and anthropometric variability, design guidelines for the kinematics of an articulated head restraint are proposed. Such a restraint would provide optimal head restraint positioning across occupant sizes while minimizing interference.

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Figueiras, Paulo, Ricardo Silva, André Ramos, Guilherme Guerreiro, Ruben Costa, and Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves. "Big Data Processing and Storage Framework for ITS: A Case Study on Dynamic Tolling." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68069.

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Urban and national road networks in many countries are severely congested, resulting in increased travel times, unexpected delays, greater travel costs, worsening air pollution and noise levels, and a greater number of traffic accidents. Expanding traffic network capacities by building more roads is both extremely costly and harmful to the environment. By far the best way to accommodate growing travel demand is to make more efficient use of existing networks. Portugal has a good but underused toll highway network that runs near to an urban/national road network that is free to use but congested. In choosing not to pay a toll, many Portuguese drivers are apparently accepting greater risk to their safety and longer travel times. As a result, the urban/national road network is used far more intensively than projections anticipated, which raises maintenance costs while increasing levels of risk and inconvenience. The main idea behind the work presented here, is to motivate a shift of traffic from the overused network to the underused network. To this end, a model for calculating variable toll fees needs to be developed. In order to support the model, there is the need to accurately predict the status of road networks for real-time, short and medium term horizons, by using machine learning algorithms. Such algorithms will be used to feed the dynamic toll pricing model, reflecting the present and future traffic situations on the network. Since traffic data quantity and quality are crucial to the prediction accuracy of road networks’ statuses, the real-time and predictive analytics methods will use a panoply of data sources. The approach presented here, is being developed under the scope of the H2020 OPTIMUM, a European R&D project on ITS.

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Reports on the topic "National Highway Traffic Safety"

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Bojanowski, C., M. Balcerzak, R. Kulak, and H. Ley. Computational mechanics support to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), progress report, August 2012. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054499.

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Chiavassa, Nathalie, and Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.

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The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.

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Murthy, Sudhir, and Kumares Sinha. The Development of Optimal Strategies for Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and Replacement of Highway Bridges: Volume 3 - Bridge Traffic Safety Evaluation. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314169.

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck-Platoonable Pavement Sections in Illinois’ Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-002.

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Truck platooning has many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Literature shows that platooning improves safety and reduces fuel consumption between 5% and 15% based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Deployment of truck platooning within interstate highways would result in significant fuel savings, but may have a direct impact on flexible pavement performance. The channelization of the platoon and reduced rest time between consecutive loads would accelerate the damage accumulation at the channelized position. Ultimately, this would lead to pavement service life reduction and a subsequent increase in maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to quantify the effects of platooning on flexible pavements and provide guidelines for the state of Illinois by considering the aforementioned factors. Although the benefits of platooning are quantifiable, not every truck route is platoonable. For efficient platooning, trucks need to travel at a constant high speed for extended distances. The integrity of the platoon should be preserved because interfering vehicles would compromise the platooning benefits and road safety. An introduced high-level approach considers the volume/capacity of a roadway and the expected number of highway exit and entry conflicts. Using these parameters, each roadway section is assigned a level of platoonability, ranging from one to five—with five being the highest. A framework was developed to analyze the Illinois highway network. It was found that 89% of the network highway is platoonable under average capacity conditions.

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Kramer, Robert. LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317274.

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This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.

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