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Journal articles on the topic 'National income'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Frankel, S. Herbert. "National Income..." Economic Affairs 15, no. 2 (March 1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1995.tb00280.x.

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2

Sefton, James, and Martin Weale. "Real National Income." National Institute Economic Review 155 (February 1996): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615500106.

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What do we mean by a country's real income? There are in fact two different approaches here. One, which we address here, is the question of interpreting the existing definition of income. The other is the widespread view that income ought to measure ‘sustainable consumption’. The origin of the idea that income should be a measure of sustainable consumption can be traced back to Hicks (1939).
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3

Capelli, Clara, and Gianni Vaggi. "Why Gross National Disposable Income Should Replace Gross National Income." Development and Change 47, no. 2 (March 2016): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12225.

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4

Suresh, Dr, and Poonam Choudhary. "National Income Trends in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41383.

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Abstract: National income of any country is the total amount of income that is accrued by it through various economic activates in one year national income consists of a collection of different types of goods and services of different types. National income is defined in different ways accommodating for subsidies, taxes, depreciation, exports and imports. The current study is about the trend of the national income in India over the last 70 years, in detail, The estimates of national and per capita income are taken at some constant base year prices for the purpose of comparing national Income and per capita Incomes over different years. Because the national income at current prices is influenced by both the increase in production of goods and services and the rise in prices. In order to make the national income figures comparable, these figures are deflated of constant prices just for eliminating the effect of any change in the price level of the country. This paper describes he major trends in national income in India since 1950-51. This trend in national income also reflects on the standard of living of the people in India.
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5

Roberts, Anthony J., and Brendan Brundage. "The Decline of International Income Inequality? Cross-National Income Convergence Revisited." Sociology of Development 9, no. 4 (2023): 408–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2023.9.4.408.

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Prior research shows global income inequality declined over the last few decades because of a reduction in income disparities between countries. However, concerns over the sustainability of this trend have grown with increases in income disparities within countries. Yet, despite these contrasting trends, few studies examine the extent to which the latter affects the former. Based on dynamic panel models of 108 countries from 1981 to 2017, we find that the rate of convergence in incomes between countries is moderated by the income inequality within countries. The national incomes of egalitarian countries are converging, while the national incomes of inegalitarian countries tableare diverging. Overall, this study calls into question the sustainability of decreasing international income inequality amid increasing national income inequality. More importantly, it shows that national redistribution policies are increasingly important in the twenty-first century, not only to reduce income disparities within countries but also to potentially reduce income disparities between countries.
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6

Loginov, V. "National Income: Growth Factors." Problems in Economics 28, no. 7 (November 1985): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991280718.

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7

Karatnycky, Adrian. "National Income and Liberty." Journal of Democracy 15, no. 1 (2004): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2004.0010.

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8

SEERS, DUDLEY, and P. F. D. WALLIS. "A NATIONAL INCOME MATRIX." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 11, no. 7-8 (May 1, 2009): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1949.mp117-8001.x.

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9

Shakti Kumar, Shakti Kumar. "Share of Agriculture in National Income of India." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/37.

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10

Hartwick, John M. "Green National Income and Green National Product." Annual Review of Resource Economics 3, no. 1 (October 2011): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-083110-120032.

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11

Bussmann, Margit, John Oneal, and Indra de Soysa. "The Effect of Globalization on National Income Inequality." Comparative Sociology 4, no. 3-4 (2005): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913305775010089.

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AbstractWe assess the effect of globalization on income inequality within countries, focusing on the influence of accumulated foreign direct investment stocks. We analyze data on inequality and foreign investment for 72 countries, 1970-90, incorporating in our tests the Kuznets (1955) curve, the character of political institutions, and various other aspects of the economy and society emphasized in previous research. Our results indicate that globalization does not increase national income inequality. The ratio of foreign direct investment to gross domestic product is unrelated to the distribution of incomes in both developing and developed countries. The share of income received by the poorest 20% of society also is unaffected by foreign investment. Nor are alternative measures of economic openness – the trade-to-GDP ratio and Sachs and Warner's (1995) measure of free trading policies – associated with greater income inequality. If foreign investment increases average incomes in developing countries, as recent research indicates, and does not increase inequality, it must benefit all strata of these societies, including the poor.
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12

Piketty, Thomas, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman. "Simplified Distributional National Accounts." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191035.

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This paper develops a simplified methodology to distribute total national income across income groups that reproduces closely the sophisticated methodology of Piketty, Saez, and Zucman (2018). It starts from top income share series based on fiscal income of Piketty and Saez (2003) and makes two basic assumptions on how national income components not included in fiscal income are distributed: (1) nontaxable labor income and capital income from pension funds are distributed like taxable labor income; (2) other nontaxable capital income is distributed like taxable capital income. This methodology could be applied to countries with less data.
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13

Vltavská, Kristýna, Jaroslav Sixta, and Martina Šimková. "Czech National Income since 1980s." Politická ekonomie 66, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1176.

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14

Mulholland, Daniel, and Paul R. Gregory. "Russian National Income, 1885-1913." American Historical Review 90, no. 2 (April 1985): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1852774.

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15

Feinstein, Charles, and Paul R. Gregory. "Russian National Income, 1885-1913." Economic History Review 38, no. 2 (May 1985): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597173.

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16

Bruckner, Markus, Era Dabla-Norris, and Mark Gradstein. "National Income and Its Distribution." IMF Working Papers 14, no. 101 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498347815.001.

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17

Ho, Samuel P. S., Hsueh Tien-tung, and Li Qiang. "China's National Income, 1952-1995." Pacific Affairs 73, no. 1 (2000): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672291.

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18

Clark, Rob. "Convergence in National Income Distributions." Social Forces 92, no. 2 (October 2, 2013): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sot095.

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19

Cairns, Robert D. "Green national income and expenditure." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 35, no. 1 (February 2002): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.00117.

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20

Svensson, Lars-Gunnar. "National Income and Marginal Taxes." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88, no. 4 (December 1986): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440431.

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21

Khan, Salimullah. "NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING IN PAKISTAN." Review of Income and Wealth 1963, no. 1 (April 5, 2006): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1965.tb01017.x.

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22

Dajani, Said. "NATIONAL INCOME ESTIMATION IN JORDAN." Review of Income and Wealth 1963, no. 1 (April 5, 2006): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1965.tb01020.x.

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23

Jahanshahi, Abdol Ali. "NATIONAL INCOME ESTIMATION IN IRAN." Review of Income and Wealth 1963, no. 1 (April 5, 2006): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1965.tb01022.x.

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24

Harrison, Anne. "NATIONAL ACCOUNTING AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION." Review of Income and Wealth 37, no. 2 (June 1991): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00357.x.

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25

SEERS, DUDLEY, and P. F. D. WALLIS. "CHANGES IN REAL NATIONAL INCOME." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 11, no. 6 (May 1, 2009): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1949.mp11006002.x.

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26

SEERS, DUDLEY. "THE NATIONAL INCOME IN 1949." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1950.mp12003002.x.

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27

Brueckner, Markus, Era Dabla Norris, and Mark Gradstein. "National income and its distribution." Journal of Economic Growth 20, no. 2 (March 14, 2015): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10887-015-9113-4.

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28

Chudgar, Amita, and Thomas F. Luschei. "National Income, Income Inequality, and the Importance of Schools: A Hierarchical Cross-National Comparison." American Educational Research Journal 46, no. 3 (September 2009): 626–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831209340043.

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29

Klinov, V. G., and A. A. Sidorov. "World trends in the distribution of national incomes and problems of economic and social development." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 28, 2018): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-7-30-44.

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The authors have analyzed trends of ever-growing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in major national and world economies over the last 40 years. The prospects of further increase in the unequal distribution of national incomes are fraught with far-reaching social, political and economic upheavals. The prospects of this kind are highly possible because of the trend to decrease the rates of income taxes (coerced by global competition) that leads to unequal national income distribution. The authors elaborate patterns of possible changes in fiscal policy that could serve for better quality of life for all strata of the population despite unequal distribution of national incomes.
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30

Kaitila, Ville. "Transnational Income Convergence and National Income Disparity : Europe, 1960~2012." Journal of Economic Integration 29, no. 2 (June 15, 2014): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2014.29.2.343.

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31

Gornick, Janet C. "Income inequality and income poverty in a cross-national perspective." Oxford Open Economics 3, Supplement_1 (2024): i147—i155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ooec/odad024.

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Abstract This commentary—a reflection on the Bourquin, Brewer and Wernham article in this collection—draws on harmonized microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database. It aims to place selected results from the UK in cross-national perspective. The comparator countries, all high-income, include one Nordic country, Norway; one continental European country, Germany; and three other Anglophone countries, Australia, Canada and the USA. The commentary assesses each of these key outcomes, both cross-nationally and over time: income inequality and redistribution, top-half and bottom-half income inequality, and child and elderly poverty. It closes with a brief discussion of policy lessons.
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32

Geyer, S. "Income, income, or income? The effects of different income measures on health in a national survey." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, no. 6 (November 11, 2010): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.103390.

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33

Surinov, Alexandr Е., and Аrtur B. Luppov. "Influence of Regional Differences in the Cost of Living on National Income Inequality." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-7.

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Regional differences in the cost of living distort the estimates of monetary components of living standards and resource requirements, which are necessary for implementing measures to reduce income inequality as a cause of social injustice and unrest. Thus, we propose a methodology for calculating nominal household income using rouble purchasing power parity to assess its influence on national inequality. This approach measures inequality based on individual data on household income, disregarding the territorial differentiation of consumer prices. Then, the influence of regional price differences on the national income inequality was assessed by comparing Gini coefficients calculated for the same sample of households using two criteria: nominal per capita income and per capita income adjusted for purchasing power in various regions. The study revealed that the difference in nominal incomes is reduced by regional disparities in the cost of living. Simultaneously, the distribution of household incomes adjusted for regional purchasing power parities is more even. The research findings can be used to develop policy measures aimed at reducing regional welfare disparities and poverty.
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34

Surinov, Alexandr Е., and Аrtur B. Luppov. "Influence of Regional Differences in the Cost of Living on National Income Inequality." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-7.

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Regional differences in the cost of living distort the estimates of monetary components of living standards and resource requirements, which are necessary for implementing measures to reduce income inequality as a cause of social injustice and unrest. Thus, we propose a methodology for calculating nominal household income using rouble purchasing power parity to assess its influence on national inequality. This approach measures inequality based on individual data on household income, disregarding the territorial differentiation of consumer prices. Then, the influence of regional price differences on the national income inequality was assessed by comparing Gini coefficients calculated for the same sample of households using two criteria: nominal per capita income and per capita income adjusted for purchasing power in various regions. The study revealed that the difference in nominal incomes is reduced by regional disparities in the cost of living. Simultaneously, the distribution of household incomes adjusted for regional purchasing power parities is more even. The research findings can be used to develop policy measures aimed at reducing regional welfare disparities and poverty.
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35

Korzeniewicz, Roberto Patricio, Angela Stach, Vrushali Patil, and Timothy Patrick Moran. "Measuring National Income: A Critical Assessment." Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 3 (July 2004): 535–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750400026x.

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Recent studies of trends in world income inequalities show that results differ significantly depending on whether income is measured through Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)- or exchange rate (FX)-based data. Korzeniewicz and Moran (1997), for example, relying on FX-based national income data, argue that world income inequalities rose during the 1980s. Firebaugh (1999), on the other hand, using PPP-based national income data, counters that world income inequalities declined through the same period. Both sets of authors subsequently have acknowledged and continued to debate the relative impact of PPP- and FX-based data in the assessment of world income inequalities (Firebaugh 2000; Korzeniewicz and Moran 2000).
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36

Samuel, Laura, Laken Roberts, Danielle Boyce, Melissa Hladek, Sarah LaFave, and Sarah Szanton. "Financial Resources and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1974.

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Abstract Lower income and financial strain (i.e. difficulty making ends meet) are associated with worse aging biomarkers, but evidence among nationally representative samples is limited. This cross-sectional study tested whether income to poverty ratio (analyzed separately for those <500% vs. ≥500% poverty threshold) and financial strain are associated with biomarkers of aging among NHATS participants aged ≥65 years (n=4,648), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, smoking, BMI, and diabetes diagnosis for hemoglobin A1c. Sampling weights were applied. Among those with incomes <500% poverty, higher income was associated with lower hemoglobin A1c (b= -0.0196, p=0.007), CMV (b= -0.0689, p<0.001) and CRP (b= -0.0428, p=0.012). Among those with incomes ≥500%, higher income was associated with lower IL-6 (b= -0.0001, p=0.023) and lower CMV (b= -0.0001, p<0.001). Financial strain was not associated with biomarkers. Income is more strongly associated with biomarkers among the lower income group, calling for special attention to this vulnerable population.
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37

Cantner, Uwe, Bernd Ebersberger, Horst Hanusch, Jens J. Krüger, and Andreas Pyka. "The Twin Peaks in National Income." Revue économique 55, no. 6 (2004): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.556.1127.

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38

Harvey, A. C., and David King. "An Introduction to National Income Accounting." Economica 52, no. 207 (August 1985): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2553870.

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39

Holcombe, Randall G. "National Income Accounting and Public Policy." Review of Austrian Economics 17, no. 4 (December 2004): 387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:raec.0000044638.48465.df.

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40

HOGAN, W. P. "POLICY TARGETS AND NATIONAL INCOME SERIES." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 5, no. 2 (June 1986): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1986.tb00511.x.

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41

Reid, Bradford G. "Government debt, national income and causality." Applied Economics 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036848500000028.

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42

Webber, Don J. "A slowing of national income convergence." Applied Economics Letters 8, no. 11 (November 2001): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850110045715.

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43

Diab, Muhammad. "NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING PRACTICES IN SYRIA." Review of Income and Wealth 1963, no. 1 (April 5, 2006): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1965.tb01023.x.

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44

Nakamura, Leonard I. "INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING." Review of Income and Wealth 56 (April 23, 2010): S135—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2010.00390.x.

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45

SEERS., D. "THE 1947 NATIONAL INCOME WHITE PAPER." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 9, no. 7 (May 1, 2009): 228–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1947.mp9007002.x.

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46

SEERS., DUDLEY. "QUARTERLY ESTIMATES OF THE NATIONAL INCOME." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 11, no. 10 (May 1, 2009): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1949.mp11010001.x.

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47

SEERS, DUDLEY. "QUARTERLY ESTIMATES OF THE NATIONAL INCOME." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 11, no. 12 (May 1, 2009): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1949.mp11012001.x.

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48

HENDERSON, P. D., DUDLEY SEERS, and P. F. D. WALLIS. "NOTES ON ESTIMATING NATIONAL INCOME COMPONENTS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 11, no. 2-3 (May 1, 2009): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1949.mp112-3004.x.

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49

SEERS., DUDLEY. "NATIONAL INCOME : THIRD QUARTER OF 1950." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1951.mp13001001.x.

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50

HENDERSON., P. D. "INVENTORY GAINS AND THE NATIONAL INCOME." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1951.mp13005003.x.

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