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Journal articles on the topic 'National list of essential medicine (NLEM-2022)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Marshall, D. Kerketta, Topno Kavita, and Kumar Kush. "Antibiotics Treatment in Surgical Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Reference to National Essential Medicine List of India 2022- An Observational Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 2 (2024): 1166–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11078121.

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<strong>Background: </strong>National list of Essential Medicine (NLEM) is a list of medicines, in order to increase the compliance through access to safe, effective, quality, and affordability of essential drugs. Essential medicine should be available in sufficient quantities to the patients for common diseases to control the drug resistance and economic burden to the government. <strong>Purpose: </strong>Our objective of the study is to observe the gap in balancing the essentiality, availability, and cost- effectiveness of antibiotics supplied and administered in the departmen

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Manikandan, S. "The National List of Essential Medicines of India 2022 (NLEM 2022): Tommy, Toe the Line." Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia 13 (June 2023): 100202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100202.

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Goel, Divya, and Arnav Gupta. "Indian Essential Medicine List for Cardiovascular Disorders: Time to Revisit." Amrita Journal of Medicine 21, no. 2 (2025): 75–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_69_24.

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Abstract Background: Management of cardiovascular health issues remains far from satisfactory. To decrease the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disorders, it is important to take preventive measures as well as effectively manage them. These can be achieved by ensuring the availability of quality drugs in appropriate dosage forms. An essential drug list is the most effective instrument for ensuring the availability of these drugs to the majority of the population without financial burden. Objectives: This study was planned to compare drugs listed for cardiovascular disorders in the 2

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Manohar, Neerajkumar S., Thangjam R. Chanu, and Oinam J. Singh. "A study on the contents of prescription of the in-patients of a tertiary care hospital, Manipur." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 12, no. 3 (2023): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20231068.

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Background: Appropriate medications are the backbone for effective control of infections and diseases. Objective of the study was to analyse the prescriptions relating to national list of essential medicines (NLEM) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Data was collected from 525 case sheets of the surgical in-patients for a period of 1 year which included total number of drugs prescribed, single (NLEM/non-NLEM) drugs, fixed dose combinations (NLEM/non-NLEM) drugs, most common drugs (NLEM/non-NLEM), route of administration, ADR/ADE and herbal drugs. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis

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Gupta, Kajal, and Milind Pardeshi. "Drug Utilization Patterns in Thyroid Disorder Patients with and without Comorbidities: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital." Journal of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology (JIMP) 1, no. 03 (2024): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.61920/jimp.v1i03.10.

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Thyroid dysfunction affects approximately 32% of the Indian population, making effective drug utilization crucial for optimal treatment. This study assessed drug utilization patterns in thyroid disorder patients, with and without comorbidities, at a tertiary care hospital. Data from 146 patients’ prescriptions were analyzed based on WHO prescribing indicators and checked for alignment with the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022. Results showed 74% of patients had hypothyroidism, predominantly treated with Thyroxine, while 26% had hyperthyroidism, mainly managed with Carbimazole.

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Ahmed, H. Shafeeq. "Evaluating the validity of the national list of essential medicines 2015 for medicines affecting blood in 2022: An observational cost analysis." Journal of Hematology and Allied Sciences 2 (October 29, 2022): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jhas_19_2022.

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Objectives: The study aims at evaluating the validity of the national list of essential medicines (NLEM) 2015 for medicines affecting blood in 2022. The study essentially aims at conducting a cost analysis that mainly compares the cost variation between the highest and lowest priced branded variants of the same. Material and Methods: The study takes into account the aforementioned two classes of “Medicines Affecting Blood,” which is 10.1–antianemia medicines and 10.2–medicines affecting coagulation. Data were collected from MedGuideIndia, a database of medicines marketed in India. Both cost ra

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Chugh, Preeta Kaur, Pooja Gupta, Himika Wasan, et al. "Prescription-based cost analysis of medicines for cardiovascular risk factors at Indian Council of Medical Research-Rational Use of Medicine Centre Hospitals of India." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 56, no. 2 (2024): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_61_23.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES: India has taken several initiatives to provide health care to its population while keeping the related expenditure minimum. Since cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent chronic conditions, in the present study, we aimed to analyze the difference in prices of medicines prescribed for three cardiovascular risk factors, based on (a) listed and not listed in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and (b) generic and branded drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outpatient prescriptions for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were retrospectively analyzed

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B.Nivetha, B. Nivetha, R. Ajay R.Ajay, M. Anitha M.Anitha, et al. "An Observational Study on Availability, Price and Affordability of Some Essential Medicines of Anti-Cancer Drugs Based On Nlem-2022." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 1514–18. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100115141518.

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Essential medicines, especially anti-cancer medicines, remain a critical issue in healthcare, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study assesses the availability, price variations and affordability of essential anti-cancer medicines in Salem and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu. A sixmonth observational study (October 2024–March 2025) was conducted in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, with data collected from pharmacies, hospital records and stakeholder interviews. The study analyzed nine essential anti-cancer medicines – vinorelbine, doxorubicin, cisplatin, rituximab, nilotinib

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Verma, Nikhil, Shanmugapriya Vinayagam, Niti Mittal, Rakesh Mittal, and Neeraj Bansal. "Prescription Audit in Outpatient Pharmacy of a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Haryana Using World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) Core Prescribing Indicators: A Step Towards Refining Drug Use and Patient Care." Pharmacy 13, no. 2 (2025): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13020048.

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Background: The evaluation of internationally comparable indicators of medicine use is important to devise strategies to promote the rational use of medicines (RUM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January to June 2024. Prescriptions were collected from the outpatient pharmacy using systematic random sampling and analyzed for WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators, index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) and completeness (general, treatment and prescribers’ details). Results: Out of 844 prescriptions collected, 607 were analyzed. A total of 1837

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Majhee, Lakhan, Anshuman Chandra, Manju Gari, and Aasim Shakeel. "Prescription audit of online booked outpatients for department of medicine and dermatology in a tertiary care hospital: a comparative observational study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (2019): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195279.

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Background: A regular and effective prescription audit is a key tool to ensure rational use of drugs and to assess drug utilization in the health care system. This study is first of its kind, in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, highlighting comparative assessment of prescriptions of online booked appointments in department of medicine and dermatology via online registration system (ORS) using WHO prescribing indicators. This ORS is an integral part under Digital India Initiative.Methods: This was a comparative, observational study conducted in Department of Pharmacology o

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Tripathy, Tridibesh, Shankar Das, Dharmendra Pratap Singh, et al. "Homoeopathy in Clotting." SAR Journal of Medicine 4, no. 05 (2023): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjm.2023.v04i05.002.

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The current article discusses clotting through Pulmonary Embolism (PE), thereafter, it delves in to the epidemiology of PE, its clinical features, management & finally the application of homoeopathy to deal with this issue. It concludes with the cost effectiveness & therapeutic effectiveness of the homoeopathic system of medicine & suggests its involvement on a large scale in the nation. It only reinforces the age old concept of managing these chronic conditions through diet, regimen, exercise & homoeopathy. The suggestion of large scale use of homoeopathy is based on the premi

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Tripathy, Tridibesh, Shankar Das, Umakant Prusty, et al. "Prostatic issues and Homoeopathic Approach." South Asian Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 03 (2023): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjms.2023.v05i03.003.

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The current piece deals with the issue of non cancerous obstructive uropathy. It hampers the quality of life in males above 45 years of age. An enlarged prostate gland or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a leading cause of obstructive uropathy in men. In India, prevalence of BPH is around 50% of men by the age of 60 years. The reader will get an idea of the problem of prostatic issues at global & national level through the eyes of clinical health in the beginning sections before delving in to the Homoeopathic system of the AYUSH platform. Currently, the AYUSH platform has regained its

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Kankanala, Saumya, Krishna Prakash Joshi, Mohammad Nezamuddin Khan, et al. "Digital platform for prescription analytics and antibiotic surveillance in an outpatient department setup." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 57, no. 1 (2025): 27–32. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_201_25.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES: The analysis of prescriptions plays a crucial role in promoting rational drug use, minimizing medication errors, and enabling effective antimicrobial surveillance. Manual analyzing is time-consuming, expensive, and error-prone. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns and antimicrobial surveillance using a novel digital analytical platform in a tertiary care hospital. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, in India, between June and August 2024. Prescription data were collected from outpatient departments (general

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Sharma, Shweta, S. C. Chopra, D. K. Sharma, Juhi Singla, and Vinod Kapoor. "Drug utilization study in diabetic patients seeking medical treatment in a north Indian rural medical college hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 5 (2018): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181634.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and its life-long management causes burden on lifestyle and financial condition of the patients. Drug utilization studies provide useful insights into the current prescribing practices.Methods: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. A prospective observational study was carried out in adult diabetic patients visiting the Wards and Outpatient Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data and utilization of different classes of anti-diabetic agents as well as indiv

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Tripathy, Tridibesh, Shankar Das, Rakesh Dwivedi, et al. "Insulin resistance dealt with homoeopathy." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 11, no. 5 (2024): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20242325.

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One of the intricacies of diabetes is to understand the phenomenon of insulin resistance (IR). The phenomenon of IR applies to all types of diabetes. IR is a condition where the body’s cells stop responding to the glucose control hormone. In the current article, the lead author focuses on the IR related intricacies of diabetes and the role of homoeopathy in all the 4 types of diabetes. The first three types ate type 1, type 2 and type 3 the 4th type is maturity onset of diabetes in the young (MODY). The IR phenomenon cuts across among all sections of population including the working group and

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Gowtham, Siddi, Shashank Narayanappa, Mansi, Rolanda S. Louis, and Jagadale P. Narayan. "Factors contributing to acute heart failure after a first acute coronary syndrome episode." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2025): 2788–95. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20252013.

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Background: Diabetes and hypertension are common among the elderly and significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in geriatric patients is challenging due to age-related changes, polypharmacy, and susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to assess prescribing patterns of antidiabetic medications in elderly patients with T2DM and coexisting hypertension at a tertiary care center in India. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Government General Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Prades

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Parasiya, Sachin K. R., V. Balamuralidhara, Pramod Kumar T.M, A. J. Dave, R. Gujarati, and A. Shukla. "NEED FOR DRUG PRICE CONTROL IN INDIA." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 1, no. 4 (2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v1i4.118.

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India is one of the developing countries. A substantial proportion of population of this country is largely exposed to the drug market whose purchasing power is extremely low. Around 42% population of this country lives under the National poverty line ($1.25 per day). Vital issue concerning them is to access the health care facility at an affordable cost. Medicine is a part of health care cost and it costs to around 70% to 80% of total cost. Thus, cost of medicine is a governing factor of health care system especially when it comes to price control of health care facilities. To bring down the

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Sethumadhavan, Sruthi, Kala Kesavan Parvathy, and Shajahan Purathel Sulaiman. "Drug prescription pattern in asthma in a tertiary care hospital in South India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 14, no. 1 (2024): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20243833.

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Background: Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, affecting millions of individuals is a global health concern. It necessitates long-term management for optimal outcomes. impacting therapy costs and patient’s compliance. This study was done to analyse current prescribing trends in the management of asthma patients. This study examines current asthma treatment trends to enhance patient care and disease outcomes. Methods: This is an Observational cross-sectional study conducted at Government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha between October 2019 to September 2022. All patients c

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Pal, Paramita, Dipankar Bhattacharyya, Kokila B. N., Herle M., Anoljyoti Ghosh, and Sukanta Sen. "Drug utilization pattern in out-patients with respiratory tract infections in a rural teaching hospital: a prospective observational study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 12 (2017): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175214.

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Background: Respiratory tract infections are common clinical problems in the general population. Antimicrobials are the mainstay in the management and irrational use of them may increase resistance to bacteria and the total cost of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of drug prescriptions for respiratory tract infections in Medicine and Pediatric outpatient departments of a rural teaching hospital.Methods: Over a period of 18 months, 391 prescriptions of outpatients with respiratory tract infection were collected. The drugs prescribed, their dose and duration of treatment were recor

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Satya, Abhishek Kombathula, and Moorthy Sachidananda. "Prescription Pattern of Anti-Diabetic Drugs In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital – India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 8 (2024): 1105–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13621383.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the prescription patterns of anti-diabetic drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and addressing variations in clinical practices, ensuring effective disease management. <strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the prescription pattern of antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital, from July 2022 to December 2022 after g

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K., Navya Teja, Piyali Hazra, and L. Padma. "Audit of prescriptions from the department of general medicine based on the WHO core prescribing indicators at Sapthagiri hospital, Bangalore." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (2019): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195292.

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Background: As medical students start their clinical training, more effort goes in the direction of proper diagnosis and appropriate methods of treatment, leading to improper training in prescription writing causing prescription errors. Physicians should also be encouraged to prescribe unbranded generic medicines which are available at a cheaper price with a comparable bioavailability of drugs and not have a misconception of being less efficacious.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out over a period of 2 months (September to October 2018). Around 256 prescriptions were

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Mittal, Niti, Rakesh Mittal, Sukhbir Singh, and Sushila Godara. "The Availability of Essential Antimicrobials in Public and Private Sector Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a District of North India." Antibiotics 13, no. 2 (2024): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13020131.

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(1) Background: There is a need to assess the availability of essential antimicrobials, as the availability of an antimicrobial is a critical element of its rational use. We aimed to assess the availability of antimicrobials listed in the National List of Essential Medicines 2015, India (primary list), and a selected (secondary) list comprised of agents indicated for commonly encountered infectious illnesses in various healthcare settings and to identify the reasons for their non-availability. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 25 public, private, and other sector pharmacies was carried

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Panigrahi, Muralidhar, Mrigakshi Nandy, Supriya Pradhan, and Sailen Kumar Mishra. "Drug Utilization Pattern of Antimicrobial Agents in Medicine IPD of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Western Odisha." Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J 22, no. 2 (2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.61336/appj/22-2-19.

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Background: Around the world, doctors frequently prescribe antimicrobial agents (AMAs). However, irrational and inappropriate use of AMAs results in several negative outcomes, including antimicrobial resistance, connected health issues, lengthened hospital stays, and increased treatment costs. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a more serious global challenge in hospitals and communities. Hence, Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are created primarily to evaluate and improve prescribing procedures and enhance the rational use of pharmaceuticals to address this significant condit

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Sahu, Gautam, Swapnanil Gohain, and Angelene Brahma. "Drug utilization pattern of antidiabetic drugs among indoor diabetic patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Jorhat." Biomedicine 40, no. 4 (2021): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v40i4.331.

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Introduction and Aim: Diabetes is an opportunistic killer. Approximately 77 million people in India suffer from diabetes. A person develops diabetes due to genetic predisposition, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, diet low in fruits and vegetables. Modification of life style and pharmacotherapy of diabetes are often indicated to control diabetes and emergence of complications. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prescription pattern of antidiabetic drugs among indoor patient with adherence to WHO core prescribing indicator. Materials and Methods:

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Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee, Ryota Nakamura, Hwee Lin Wee, et al. "What are the impacts of increasing cost-effectiveness Threshold? a protocol on an empirical study based on economic evaluations conducted in Thailand." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0274944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274944.

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Background Economic evaluations have been widely used to inform and guide policy-making process in healthcare resources allocation as a part of an evidence package. An intervention is considered cost-effective if an ICER is less than a cost-effectiveness threshold (CET), where a CET represents the acceptable price for a unit of additional health gain which a decision-maker is willing to pay. There has been discussion to increase a CET in many settings such as the United Kingdom and Thailand. To the best of our knowledge, Thailand is the only country that has an explicit CET and has revised the

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P., Mohanraj, Abinaya S., Shalini K., Gopalakrishnan G., and Ravichandran K. "Study on drug utilization pattern in conservative management of patients with pancreatitis in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 11 (2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214119.

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Background: Drug utilization plays a key role in helping the healthcare system to understand, interpret and improve the prescribing, administration and use of medications. The objective of the study was to assess the drug utilization pattern of drugs prescribed in conservative management of pancreatitis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University. The study period was six months from November 2019 to April 2020. A total of 115 patients were se

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Dutta, Shakti B., Mirza A. Beg, Shalu Bawa, Amanjot Kaur, and Subhash Vishal. "Prescribing pattern in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 6 (2017): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172247.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with joint deformity and significant health care related expenses. This disease affects approximately 1% of the adult population, the prevalence of RA in India is approximately 0.75% and increasing trend has been observed. Irrational prescribing is a common phenomenon around the globe. The drug utilization studies form an important tool for the assessment of rational or irrational prescribing and WHO drug use indicators. Thus keeping this in view the prescribing pattern analysis in RA patients was done.Methods: This prospective study was carr

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Anjani Teja Ch, Ramesh babu K, Leela subramanyam S, Janani Y, Eswar Sai Kiran K, and Praveena A N L. "A Study on prescribing pattern of drugs in orthopaedic in-patient department at a tertiary care hospital in Guntur region." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v8i2.1290.

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The descriptive observational study was conducted over six months among inpatients of the orthopaedics department. The aim is to observe the prescribing pattern of drugs, to find out the percentage of analgesics given and most commonly prescribed analgesic, to compare the prescribed drugs whether they are in NLEM, WHO list and calculate DDD/100 Bed-days and to analyze the drugs for WHO prescribing drugs. A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Out of this, 168 were male, and 82 were female. Most of the patients were in the age group of 31-40[45 in number with 18%]. The most common

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Kakatum, Narin, Piya Pinsornsak, Puritat Kanokkangsadal, Buncha Ooraikul, and Arunporn Itharat. "Efficacy and Safety of Sahastara Remedy Extract Capsule in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Active-Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (January 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635148.

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Sahastara (SHT) remedy is a Thai traditional medicine described in the Thai National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM) for the relief of muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of SHT remedy extract capsule for treating primary OA. A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial study was used to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of SHT in comparison with diclofenac for the treatment of knee OA. The outcome of reduce pain was measured from VAS, 100 meter time walk, and the WOMAC score of day 14 and day 28 which should reduce signific

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Sah, Bajarang Prasad, Deepak Paudel, and Deependra Prasad Sarraf. "Drug Utilization Pattern using World Health Organization prescribing Indicators at Otorhinolaryngology OPD of a tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern Nepal." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (2020): 1076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v5i2.31409.

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Introduction: Assessment of drug utilization pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators is important to promote rational drug therapy.It needs to be evaluated periodically to obtain information about drug utilization pattern, to detect early signals of irrational use of drugs and to provide feedback to prescribers. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the drug prescribing patterns in the Otorhinolaryngology OPD based on the WHO prescribing indicators. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 outpatients at Oto

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Borah, Lakhimi, Diptimayee Devi, Prasanjit Kumar Debnath, and Dibyajyoti Deka. "A STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF THE GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GERIATRIC MEDICINE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN ASSAM, INDIA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.14762.

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Objective: To investigate the drug utilization pattern and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using updated AGS Beers criteria 2012 among the elderly patients who attended the geriatric outpatient departments as well as admitted indoor patients ina tertiary care Hospital at Guwahati, Assam, India.Method: A hospital based prospective, observational and cross sectional study, involving patients aged 65 years and above was planned and conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016. Patients were visited daily, interviewed and case records were colle

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Sawant, Mahadeo P., Sudhir L. Padwal, Rakesh R. Jadhav, Harshal N. Pise, and Rucha Shinde. "Study of drug prescription pattern in ischemic heart disease patients." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 7 (2019): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192644.

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Background: Drug utilization pattern studies helps to screen, assess and propose appropriate modifications in prescription practices, this would help to make patient care rational and cost effective. Study was intended to analyse the drug prescribing pattern for treatment of Ischemic heart disease using WHO indicators.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted on ischemic heart disease patients admitted at inpatient department of medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study consisted of analysis of drug utilization pattern of prescribed drugs.Results: IHD was

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C., Thangamariyappan, Deepika Karnan, Roshini G., Manna P. K., and Asok Kumar. "A study on prescribing pattern and drug utilization among depressed patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 11 (2021): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214118.

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Background: Drug utilization is defined as the marketting, distribution, prescribing and use of drugs in society. Various factors like quality, quantity, and cost of drugs plays an important role in selection of drug therapy. Hence we wanted to observe that drug utilization and prescribing pattern of antidepressants.Methods: A prospective observational study were conducted in a psychiatric department at RMMCH for a period of 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. Sixty patients were enrolled and analysed to study the pattern and the world health organisation (WHO) prescribing indicators.Re

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Relan, Pryanka, Srinivas Murthy, John C. Marshall, et al. "WHO O2CoV2: oxygen requirements and respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 in low-and-middle income countries—protocol for a multicountry, prospective, observational cohort study." BMJ Open 13, no. 8 (2023): e071346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071346.

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IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the cause of the disease officially named COVID-19, primarily a respiratory illness. COVID-19 was characterised as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. It has been estimated that approximately 20% of people with COVID-19 require oxygen therapy. Oxygen has been listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines List and Essential Medicines List for Children for almost two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted, more than ever, the acute need for scale-up of oxygen therapy. Detailed data on the use of oxygen therapy in low-and-middle income countrie

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Ahmed, HShafeeq. "Evaluating the validity of the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 for “anesthetic agents” in 2022: An observational cost analysis." Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU) 16, no. 1 (2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_464_22.

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Sah, Govinda, and Bindu Malla. "Analysis of Prescribing Patterns of Drugs Used in Osteoarthritis in Tertiary Care Center." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 14, no. 10 (2024): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i10.6811.

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Background: Osteoarthritis (O.A.) is a common degenerative lesion of the articular cartilage that corresponds to hypertrophy deterioration of bone structure is osteoarthritis. The treatment is mainly focused on the management of pain. Methods: An Observational study was conducted among 163 patients visiting Orthopedics Out Patient Department at GMC Hospital. The duration of study was for 6 months from Jan 2024-Jun 2024. The analysis of collected data was done by SPSS version Software. Descriptive Statistics tools like frequency, Percentage were used to express the findings. Results: We found t

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Jha, Nisha, Bibechan Thapa, Samyam Bickram Pathak, Sajala Kafle, Anish Mudvari, and Pathiyil Ravi Shankar. "Availability of access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) group of antibiotics in community pharmacies located close to a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294644.

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Introduction The access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics was developed in 2019 by the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines as a tool to support antibiotic stewardship efforts at local, national, and global levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the availability of antibiotics as per WHO AWaRe classification at community pharmacies located around a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur and to compare these antibiotics with the national essential medicine list of Nepal. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted at community

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Shankpal, Pramod D., and Madhura P. Patil. "Prescription pattern of antimicrobial agents prescribed in outpatient department of dermatology in a tertiary care hospital in India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 12, no. 4 (2023): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20231896.

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Background: Skin diseases contribute largely to global disease burden. Antimicrobial agents are used for treatment of various skin diseases of microbial aetiology caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and ectoparasites. The primary objective of this study was to study the prescription pattern of antimicrobial agents in dermatology, to provide insights into the disease patterns, profile of the drugs used and their rationality. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in dermatology outpatient department of T. N. M. C. and B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai for period of 6

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Pati, Ayan K., and Siddhartha Ghosh. "Medication use pattern and quality assessment of psychiatry outpatient department prescriptions of a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 2 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190136.

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Background: Psychiatric illness is a major but often underreported health burden. The field of psychopharmacotherapy is continuously evolving therefore needs monitoring to prevent irrationality. In this setting, authors analyzed the prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs while simultaneously monitoring prescription quality in a tertiary care teaching private hospital.Methods: A 6 month-prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatry out-patient department. Prescription pattern was analyzed using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. The quality of the prescription

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Verma, Vikash, Sabita Jyoti, Mohan Belbase, et al. "Assessment of Prescribing Pattern of Antidepressants in Patient Suffering from Depressive Disorder Visiting the OPD at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 22, no. 2 (2024): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v22i2.74350.

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Introduction: Depression is a prevalent condition that strongly affects the quality of life, academic performance, social behavior, family life, and workplace productivity. Treatment of depression, is of paramount importance and it can be achieved by proper and judicious use of antidepressant drugs. Aims: To assess drug utilization patterns of antidepressant drug & their relevant classes to understand the drug practicing behavior of antidepressant drugs. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 159 patients visiting outpatient Department of Psychiatry at Nepalgunj Medi

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Palikhey, Anjan, Satya Prakash Sharma, Ashish Lamsal, et al. "Exploring drug utilization patterns in postoperative patients to combat post-surgical complication: a descriptive cross-sectional study." International Journal of Surgery Open 62, no. 4 (2024): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/io9.0000000000000130.

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Background: Post-surgical pharmacotherapy with multiple agents is marked in the modern indoor hospital context to prevent postoperative infections, pain, nausea, and vomiting. The primary objective of this research was to assess postoperative patients’ drug use patterns using WHO indicators. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 385 postoperative patients of the surgery ward in the hospital over six months from (22 November 2022 to 2 May 2023) after IRC approval. Data regarding prescribed drugs were obtained and recorded in structured case proforma using the patient’s trea

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Okoye, Blessing Ijeoma, Jacintha Chibuogwu Udemba, Chinwendu Augusta Ndugba, Justina Ijeoma Okonkwo, and Ebierinyo Andi Obed. "Evaluation of rational prescribing in a hospital paediatric outpatient clinic in Nigeria." BMJ Paediatrics Open 6, no. 1 (2022): e001585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001585.

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BackgroundIrrational prescribing is a continuing public health issue in low/middle-income countries. This study evaluated the drug use pattern of medicines in paediatrics aged below 12 years attending the outpatient paediatric clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.MethodAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted using patients’ medical records who attended the outpatient paediatric clinic from 1 January to 30 April 2022. The WHO prescribing indicators and guidelines for investigating drug use in health facilities were used.ResultA total of 800 prescriptions containi

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Cândido, Mariana Coelho, and Emerson Gervásio de Almeida. "Analysis of Judicial Health Claims in the Municipality of CATALÃO/GO (2020-2022)." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 11 (2022): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.911.27.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the judicialization of health in the Municipality of Catalão/GO in the 2020/2022 biennium. An original study was carried out, by a previously trained researcher and in double conference, with a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary analysis from files in the public domain, available electronically on the websites of public agencies. Fifty-six processes were selected. It was found that the predominant actions refer to individual writs of mandamus filed by the Public Ministry, to requests from women aged between 38 and 57 years, with

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Гончар, А. О., Н. В. Шолойко, and О. О. Комаріда. "Reimbursement of combined antihypertensive medicenes in Ukraine: aspects of inclusion and external reference pricing." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.22.06.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), in particular arterial hypertension (AH), are the main causes of morbidity and mortality, Ukraine is on the 1st place in Europe for mortality from these diseases. Modern clinical guidelines emphasize the use of combined antihypertensive drugs, and improving the accessibility of these medicines for Ukrainian patients with hypertension is relevant. In Ukraine, at the end of 2022, there were no combined antihypertensive drugs in the List of reimbursed drugs. Therefore, there is a need to develop scientific and practical approaches to improve the «Affordable Medicine

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Iqbal, Hiba, Madambil Radhakrishnan Vineetha, and Ranganathan Balasubramanian. "Refining the National List of Essential Medicines 2011: Accurate Prediction of Lipophilicity, Determination of Aqueous Solubility and Assessment of Molecular Complexity." International Journal of Drug Design and Discovery 5, no. 1 (2025): 1255–63. https://doi.org/10.37285/ijddd.5.1.2.

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National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2011 is a very important document in the Indian healthcare scenario. Currently in its third instalment, the list has undergone a systematic evolution keeping in mind the present medical needs of the average Indian. While it has grown to be clinically relevant, NLEM has not been able to gain popularity within the medicinal chemistry community. In the work presented herein, this list is viewed as an educational tool and therefore attempts made to augment its value as well as utility to the various stakeholders, particularly those within the pharmacy pr

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Maddali, Varshini Lakshmi Tripura, Manali Shashidhar, Manjunath G. Narasimhaiah, and Harshith Ramesh. "Essential drug list for cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary health care centre." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 12, no. 2 (2023): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20230397.

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Background: Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of a population. The latest version of NLEM is the 23rd list, published in September 2022, and contains 384 essential drugs, of which 29 are cardiovascular drugs. The drugs in the list may be huge or small according to the local needs. The objectives of our study are to prepare the essential drug list for cardiovascular disease in a tertiary care hospital and to confirm the essential drug list provided and its availability in the pharmacy. Methods: We interviewed around 28 consultants from various departments

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Papola, D., G. Ostuzzi, C. Gastaldon, and C. Barbui. "Updating the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines to promote global access to the most cost-effective and safe medicines for mental disorders." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S65—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.182.

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IntroductionSince its first publication in 1977, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) has guided the national procurement of medicines deemed essential to inform public health policy worldwide. Aiming to include the most effective, safe, and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions, WHO updates the EML every two years. However, over the past 45 years, updates to the mental health section of the EML have been infrequent, mostly involving the addition of individual medicines. A comprehensive revision of the entire section was never attempted.Objec

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Mao, Wenhui, Hongli Jiang, Elias Mossialos, and Wen Chen. "Improving access to medicines: lessons from 10 years of drug reforms in China, 2009–2020." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 11 (2022): e009916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009916.

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China initiated its healthcare reform in 2009 to provide accessible and affordable healthcare to all. We summarised China’s drug reforms between 2009 and 2020 using the WHO framework. China has initiated comprehensive drug policies to address different issues, including: (1) issuing or amending major regulations with changes in institutional settings; (2) implementing the marketing authorisation holder system and bioequivalence assessment to improve the quality of drugs; (3) leveraging accelerated market approval and insurance listing to encourage needs-driven innovation and improve the access

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Sridhar., STK* Suvarchala Reddy. S. Yogitha. K. "ASSESSMENT OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PAEDIATRICS WITH RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AND GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT INFECTIONS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 02 (2018): 839–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1174335.

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Antibiotics are the main drugs used for treatment of infections and are most commonly prescribed in Paediatric department. Their overuse has prompted the risk of Bacterial Drug Resistance and need for the use of Antibiotics judiciously in Paediatric Practice. It has been reported that there are about 20-50% of usage of antibiotics is questionable or inappropriate. The study was conducted to assess (i) Drug use pattern of Antibiotics in Paediatrics with Respiratory tract infections and Gastro intestinal tract infections. (ii) To measure the drug use pattern in pediatrics according to WHO Prescr

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Ranganathan, B., B. Ashitha, and S. Thasniya. "ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF MOLECULES INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES – A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS." INDIAN DRUGS 52, no. 09 (2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.52.09.10304.

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The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) is regarded as a dynamic and significant document in the healthcare delivery system of a country. It includes a listing of those medicines which are considered very crucial so as to be made available to all people of a nation irrespective of socio-economic status. In our country, such a compilation has resulted from the collaborative efforts of direct caregivers, administrators, policy makers, academicians and all other players within the healthcare setup. Viewing this document within the academic setting, our focus has revolved around improving

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