Academic literature on the topic 'National Medical Enterprises'
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Journal articles on the topic "National Medical Enterprises"
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Vasyliev, Stanislav. "The legal status of participants who create medicines in the national innovation system." Law and innovations, no. 1 (33) (April 5, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2021-1(33)-3.
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Formulation of the problem. Carrying out scientific research in the field of creating innovative medicines is the key to the competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises in the internal Ukrainian and world markets. Proper legal regulation of the legal status of business entities and scientific institutions that create medicines should become a guarantee of state support for scientific research in this area. Recent research on the topic. The scientific works of V.M. Pashkova, I.S. Voronina, M.V. Bunyak and other researchers are devoted to certain problems of innovative activity in the sphere of medicine circulation. At the same time, the problems of the legal status of participants in the national innovation system who create new medicines have not found their coverage in the scientific literature. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal status of participants in the national innovation system, who create medicines. Article’s main body. The scientific research is devoted to the determination of the legal status of the participants of the national innovation system who create medicines. Legislative and by-laws, statistical information posted on the official websites of authorities, publications of researchers who studied innovative activities in the field of medicine circulation were studied. It is stated that the development of innovative medicines can be carried out by research institutes, institutions of higher education and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Medicines productions are created in the organizational and legal form of private and state enterprises, business entities. Research institutes and institutions of higher education have legal form of organization. These institutions are subordinate to either the Ministry of Education and Science, or the Ministry of Health Protection, or the National Academy of Medical Sciences, or the State Service for Medicines and Drug Control of Ukraine. Among the conditions for obtaining a license for the medication production there is no requirement for a laboratory to create new medicines at the enterprise. Requirements for such a laboratory are not provided for in legislative and bylaws. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author proposes definitions of “medicine developer” and “innovative pharmaceutical organization”. The features of the pharmaceutical enterprise innovativeness, in our opinion, are the presence of a scientific department in the structure of the enterprise and the registration of an innovative project by this enterprise in the prescribed manner. The consolidation of these definitions in the legislation of Ukraine may be important for obtaining state support for scientific research on the new medicines creation.
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Stickley, Anna Joy, and Kelly J. Hall. "Social enterprise: a model of recovery and social inclusion for occupational therapy practice in the UK." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 21, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose Occupational therapists are increasingly working in organisations outside of the public sector. UK government policy over the past decade has promoted health and social care provision by social enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to examine the compatibility of occupational therapy practice and a social enterprise environment, within the UK and questions if this approach may enhance experiences of social inclusion for people who use these services. Design/methodology/approach Case study methodology was used with eight social enterprises in the UK. Data were collected through: semi-structured interviews, formal organisational documents, and field visits and observations. Interviews were conducted with 26 participants who were occupational therapists, service users and social entrepreneurs/managers. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Occupational therapists experienced job satisfaction, professional autonomy and were able to practise according to their professional philosophy. Service users valued support with: employment, routine, social relationships, and developing a sense of identity, particularly outside of a medical model definition. To a degree therefore, people using these services claimed socially inclusive benefits. Challenges with funding social enterprises, however, impacted occupational therapy delivery in some cases. Research limitations/implications The majority of social enterprise research is drawn from case study methodology; however, this was the most appropriate research design to gain greatest insight into a small but developing phenomenon. Further research into occupational therapy practice within social enterprises is required, particularly on the effectiveness of returning to work and social inclusion. Social implications Social enterprises can provide therapeutic environments to promote recovery and social inclusion which is also compatible with occupational therapy practice. Originality/value This is the first known national research into occupational therapy provision in social enterprises within the UK, which evidences a compatibility within occupational therapy practice within a social enterprise environment and the benefits of this.
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Ye, Yingfeng, and XiaoHua Ying. "VP180 Effect Of Two-Invoice System On Drug Distribution And Price In China." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317004135.
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INTRODUCTION:Drug prices are mainly determined by production costs, commercial circulation and use in medical institutions. In 2015, total sales of the Chinese drug distribution industry was CNY1,613.3 billion (USD248.6 billion at 31 December 2015 exchange rate), with CNY28.3 billion (USD4.4 billion) profit and an average cost rate of 5.4 percent due to high logistics costs (1). Under Multi-invoice Systems in China, drugs are delivered through national, provincial, local agents, with invoiced and prices going up each time (2). The Two-invoice System, which comes up in April 2016, is China's first drug distribution policy aiming to compress circulation, and reduce unrealistically high prices. There will be only two invoices, one from production enterprises to distributors, the other from distributors to medical institutions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the Two-invoice System on drug distribution and price in China.METHODS:We conducted a literature review of relevant articles and policies in five provinces on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed and government websites. We conducted in-depth individual interviews for qualitative research on policy mechanisms with two government officials and four drug production and distribution enterprise managers. The quantitative study on policy effect measured indicators, namely, number of distributors, concentration ratio index (CR), net sales ratio, and ex-factory price. We compared the pilot province before and after the policy, with national level and other provinces. We considered related drug policies to eliminate confounding. Focus group discussion on conclusions and suggestions will be conducted.RESULTS:There are no peer review articles, only news media on this topic. In Fujian Province, the number of distributors droped from 246 to 62. In 2015, the Top 3 drug wholesalers reached a market share of 36 percent (CR3), and Top 10 for 86 percent (CR10). Compared to the whole country, CR3 is 26 percent and CR100 is 86 percent. Net sales in the drug wholesale market in Fujian accounted for 75.6 percent, with an increase of 4.3 percent. While at the national level, it is only 57.2 percent with an increase of 0.3 percent (3).CONCLUSIONS:The Two-invoice System in China reduces intermediate circulation, and increases industrial concentration. Net sales directly to hospitals are encouraged, whichaffects distribution and production areas. Production enterprises tend to invoice with higher prices instead of offering reserve prices to agents.
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Gorin, Evgeniy A., and Aleksandr A. Zolotarev. "Export Potential of the National Economy: Opportunities and Limitations." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2020-3(90)-103-116.
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Authors consider export opportunities and the structure and dynamics of industrial export and import in the Russian Federation, Northwest Russia and St. Petersburg. The article studies structural changes in sectors of St. Petersburg economy resulting from ongoing innovation processes and their impact on export potential. It provides the results of assessing the impact of organizational, economic and production factors on export opportunities of various economic entities. Export opportunities, structure and dynamics of export and import of industrial products in the Russian Federation, the North-West region and St. Petersburg are considered. Volume of exports, imports and trade turnover in Russia in 2019, as well as the dynamics of changes in recent years are discussed. In the structure of Russia's exports in recent years, the bulk of supplies (60%) were mineral products, imports the main share of exports (over 40%) occurred in the machinery, equipment and vehicles. The high needs of the national market and the significant export potential of Russian enterprises engaged in the production of medicines and modern medical equipment are noted, which makes it possible to make a real contribution to solving important social problems and developing the national economy. The structure of exports and imports of North-West Federal district and St. Petersburg by major commodity groups, there is a saving in purchases of imported equipment combined with constant growth of exports of fuel and energy products are discussed. Structural changes in the economic sectors of St. Petersburg as a result of ongoing innovation processes and their impact on export potential are studied. The results of the assessment of the impact of organizational, economic and production factors on the export opportunities of various economic entities are presented. It is revealed that for industrial enterprises, the quality and cost of components becomes a problematic factor that hinders their development both in improving the product range and in their own technological modernization. For small and medium-sized businesses in industrial production, problems related to timely receipt of high-quality materials and products of the element base from suppliers and related companies, in most cases located abroad, are added. The role of the “Russian export center” as a state institute for supporting non-commodity exports and facilitating export operations was noted.
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Vitalis Jafla Pontianus and Oruonye E.D. "The Nigerian population: A treasure for national development or an unsurmountable national challenge." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0026.
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Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. It is equally one of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with very high population. Population growth is a very important element and a challenge in the development process in LDCs. The population of Nigeria is expected to continue to grow up to 239 million by 2025 and 440 million by 2050, thereby ranking it to 4th position among countries of the World with high population. This without doubt will place Nigeria in a position of major player in the global system, and more importantly in the African region. It is against this background that this study examines Nigeria’s population composition by poising the following questions; will Nigeria’s present and future population structure be a benefit or a burden? How can Nigeria’s relative share of working-age composition (15- 64) and dependents (under 15 and 65 and over) contribute to long term economic growth and development of the country? The findings of the study reveals that population growth is a critical factor in the development of any economy, providing workforce for production of goods and services to boost economic development and a critical determinant of the potentials of a country’s investment. The study findings also show that continuous population growth militates against economic growth through inducement of poverty, falling medical care/services and environmental degradation, worsen resource scarcity in areas where a large proportion of the population already relies on natural resource-based livelihoods. The study argued that population increase is not a problem in itself to any nation, and that there are some impeding factors associated with population growth such as corruption, inadequate planning, inappropriate implementation of development plans, poor budget/implementation and complacency in developing human capital. These are issues that the Nigerian state since independence have continued to battle with which has invariably made it a seemingly failed state. The study concludes that how much any country can benefit from its population size is dependent on the quality of human capital. Based on the findings, the study recommends economic diversification, government empowerment of Small and Medium scale Enterprises, paying attention to human capital development and target-oriented education.
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Edwards, Matthew L. "Pittsburgh’s Freedom House Ambulance Service: The Origins of Emergency Medical Services and the Politics of Race and Health." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 74, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 440–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrz041.
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Abstract This manuscript explores the history of the Freedom House Enterprises Ambulance Service, a social and medical experiment that trained “unemployable” black citizens during the late 1960s and early 1970s to provide then state of the art prehospital care. Through archives, newspapers, personal correspondence, university memoranda, and the medical literature, this paper explores the comparable, yet different roles of the program’s two leaders, Drs. Peter Safar and Nancy Caroline. Despite its success in demonstrating national standards for paramedic training and equipment, the program ended abruptly in 1975. And though Pittsburgh’s city administration cited economic constraints for its fledgling support of Freedom House, black and majority newspapers and citizens alike understood the city’s diminishing support of the program in racial terms. The paper discusses Safar and Caroline’s well-intentioned efforts in developing this novel program, while confronting the racial, social, and structural constraints on the program and the limits of racial liberalism.
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Kashirina, A. B., Zh I. Aladysheva, N. V. Pyatigorskaya, V. V. Belyaev, and V. V. Beregovykh. "ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE OF DRUG QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-362-376.
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The aim of the research was to study the current industrial practice of drug quality risk management in Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, including the assessment of the main problems during the implementation of the risk management system and its compliance with the accepted international approaches.Materials and methods. In the period from 6 April to 10 May 2020, an online survey of the leading employees in the field of quality assurance of Russian manufacturers was conducted. In the survey, the questionnaire was based on the results of the authors’ analysis of the national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the European Union countries, international guidelines of the EAEU, ICH and WHO in this area. 111 people took part in the survey, the return of questionnaires was 11.5%.Results. The data obtained indicate the prevalence of a superficial approach to quality risk management in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, the presence of objective and subjective reasons that hinder the effective implementation of these methods, the fragmentation of the systems used and, in most cases, their ineffective use. The respondents believe that the most significant reasons for the difficulties in implementing this methodology, are the lack of recommendations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia on creating an effective quality risk management system and a shortage of the specialists who are ready to work in the area of this industry. The survey revealed rather large gaps in the deployment of a risk management system at the enterprise and separation from the established international practice.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the extreme urgency of developing recommendations for a quality risk management system, which should be based upon and supported by Russian regulatory legal acts and international experience in this area. The authors propose highlights for these recommendations.
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Du, Dong. "The Design of the Automatic Packing Machine for Syringe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1390.
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The Current domestic production enterprises of disposable syringe in all packaging chain for artificial fill, and complete a thermal sealing, packaging need to be done in a sterile environment down. Due to the low machining efficiency, need a lot of artificial operation, it is difficult to ensure that the quality of the product of uniform manufacturing, is not in conformity with the sterile medical devices industry, the industry standards of fyrogen-free. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we developed a "disposable syringe filler", and applied for national invention patent (patent name: eat hutch waste water purification methods and purification system), the project has been listed as a development zone of tianjin government innovation. This paper introduces the equipment of the system composition, working principle, technological process and control method, in the medical packaging industry promotion value extremely.
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Foltánová, T., and M. Mazág. "Orphan Dugs in EU / Lieky na zriedkavé choroby v EÚ." Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae 60, Supplementum-VIII (March 1, 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2013-0005.
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Medical and scientific knowledge about rare diseases is minimal or lacking, thus making research difficulties for pharmaceutical industry. Orphan drugs in EU are under supervision of European Commission, European medical agency (EMA) and Committee for orphan medicinal products (COMP). The presentation provides a brief review of all supportive incentives in the field of orphan medicinal products as: the European orphan medicinal product (OMP) regulation, Guideline on Clinical Trials in Small Populations and Commission Regulation (EC) No 2049/2005 / support of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It also introduces the concept of Clinical added value of orphan medicinal products, as one of the key instruments to increase the availability of orphan medicinal products in the member states. Separately it stresses the necessity of Health technology assessment implementation in whole process of orphan medicinal product development as well as the implementation of the Europlan indicators into the Slovak National plan
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Bryukhanova, G. D., V. N. Gorodin, S. M. Romanov, A. N. Redko, D. V. Nosikov, and S. V. Grinenko. "Problems of assessing socio-economic damage due to epidemics." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-2-93-101.
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Relevance. The sudden epidemiological complications that have emerged in the current century have highlighted the serious difficulties on the part of medical services and States in general in responding to epidemiological emergencies of international significance, which required a comprehensive study of the scale of the problem of the negative socio-economic consequences of epidemics for the modern state. The aim of the work was to study the factors that determine the current configuration of medical and social risks in the pre-epidemic period and form the socio-economic significance of epidemics and pandemics in a developed postindustrial society. The results are based on the monitoring, analysis and aggregation of information from specialized national and international industry publications and online resources (medical, socio-economic), as well as materials from peer-reviewed periodicals, on the practical development of author's approaches and assessments of the functioning of the anti-epidemic preparedness system at the international and national levels. Modern factors that aggravate the negative consequences of the pandemic for demography and the state economy in the absence of immunoprophylaxis and specific therapy are identified. Conclusion. The socio-economic significance of epidemiological events in the modern post-industrial society is significantly higher than the predicted level, based on the calculations of the cost of a clinical case of an infectious disease used in the previous century, namely: without including the costs of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in the foci of the disease, for the deployment of a hospital base; for ensuring a strict anti-epidemic regime of work in medical institutions, for the rehabilitation and restoration of health of persons who have suffered an infectious disease; for the organization of preventive measures in non-medical organizations and enterprises (including information and explanatory work among the population); for the organization of medical care for persons with somatic pathology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National Medical Enterprises"
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Stickley, Anna. "An exploration of occupational therapy practice in social enterprises in the UK." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/7482/.
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Introduction: Occupational therapy in the UK has been heavily shaped by the medical model, however developments within the occupational therapy profession that have led to a re-focussing on the centrality of occupation for health have resulted in the need for new areas for practice outside of traditional, medicalised settings. The recent changing landscape of health and social care provision in the UK provides occupational therapists with new and different environments for practice. This research explored the provision of occupational therapy within social enterprises in the UK, and the compatibility of the occupational therapy philosophy with a social enterprise model. Methods: This mixed methods exploratory study that was conducted within the pragmatic paradigm and had two phases. In Phase 1, twenty-one online questionnaires were completed by occupational therapists working in social enterprises in the UK and focused on their practice and the social enterprise they work for. Social enterprises that employed occupational therapists were also identified through desk based research. In Phase 2, eight of these social enterprises (which were identified in Phase 1) participated as case studies, using case study methodology to explore occupational therapists perceptions of their practice; service users’ experiences; and the social entrepreneur’s involvement in the provision of occupational therapy. The data collection in the case studies consisted of twenty-six semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists, social entrepreneurs and service users; unstructured observation and formal documentation was used for triangulation. The interviews were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis and the findings of the case studies were combined with findings from Phase 1. Findings: Social enterprise has been used as an effective model for implementing holistic occupational therapy services that promote health, wellbeing and occupational justice. Occupational therapists benefit social enterprises to achieve their social and business aims. Funding social enterprise start-ups and ensuring their sustainability continues to be a challenge and government policy needs to be supported with finance to implement it, without which there is a risk of private companies taking over public sector services. Conclusions: Social enterprises can provide an environment where occupational therapists have freedom to practise according to the principles of their profession without the limitations of the medical model and in a socially inclusive environment. Social enterprise can provide a rewarding and satisfying environment for occupational therapists to practise in client centred, holistic ways. The current health and social care climate provides many opportunities for occupational therapists to create and shape their own environments for practise. Alternatively, occupational therapists may need to promote the profession to existing social enterprises to gain employment in the new organisations that deliver public services.
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Shonhe, Johnson. "An investigation of purchasing and supply chain management practices and challenges in state enterprises : a case study of the health sector in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2614.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Technology: Public Management, Durban University of Technology, 2017.The world over, countries are burdened with existing and emerging diseases and while that affected all nations, sub-Saharan Africa carried the heaviest portion. This filtered to Zimbabwe where a myriad of health challenges are faced. Unavailability of medicines coupled with poor inventory management of these medicines has been prevalent. Insufficient financial resources and increasing cost of healthcare costs is one of the pressing matters. It is also important to note that these challenges are occurring at a time when government is realising the crucial role of procurement in addressing health challenges. Due to the extent, depth, breadth and nature of the health challenges and their criticality in establishing sustainable and affordable health system in Zimbabwe, a case study approach has been adopted where data from questionnaires, interviews, documents and observations were corroborated and triangulated in an effort to bring to the surface deep-seated procurement matters and how they are related to the challenges provided. Thus, in terms of the research findings, it was first revealed that the procurement legislative frameworks and processes are fragmented and not in one place resulting in multiple accountabilities. It was further shown that the framework is inappropriate in a healthcare set-up where issues of speed and flexibility in addressing requirements are paramount. It was also shown that procurement planning being a critical aspect is regrettably and detrimentally missing in procurements. In addition, the selection criteria as set out in the regulations and practiced by individual state health facilities indicated over-reliance on price and that being the case, key aspects such as quality and supply-lead time are missed and yet are very necessary in terms of evaluation among other factors. In the findings, the peripheral role of procurement staff with clinicians being also at the epicentre of purchasing decisions was presented. Perhaps related to that was the inadequacy of procurement skills and competences from the procurement personnel. Last on the findings, financing and the frequency of disbursement was unmatched with hospital requirements and thus resulting in unavailability of adequate medicines and equipment.
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Van, den Berg Marius Johan. "South African multinational pharmaceutical organisations : facing change and future challenges in a managed health care environment." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1130.
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The South African health care environment is a two-tier health care delivery system consisting of the public sector and the private sector. The focus of this study is on the private health care sector. Private health care is funded by medical schemes through employer and employee contributions. The private sector is also the most profitable sector for multinational pharmaceutical organisations to market and sell their products within the South African health care environment.
The major cost saving initiative by employers and medical schemes in the private health care sector has also been the introduction of managed health care initiatives. The goal of managed health care is to establish a system which delivers value by giving people access to quality and cost-effective healthcare.
The new reality of managed health care initiatives are changing the boundaries of the South African pharmaceutical industry. The managed health care wake is overturning the business processes which made the pharmaceutical industry so successful and are rendering obsolete the industry's conventional models of corporate strategy and management systems. In the context of these turbulent changes, pharmaceutical companies are being forced simultaneously to develop new strategic approaches for the future, design new business processes which will link them more firmly to their new customers, and implement the cultural changes neccessary to accomplish the transformation from yesterday's successful pharmaceutical company to tomorrow's customer-led, integrated health care supplier.
The way forward lies in three organising concepts. The first is cutomer alignment. The effort of transformation must start with an understanding of how the customer defines the value of the services and/or products offered by the organisation. Everything that follows involves aligning internal processes with external contingencies. The second is sequencing. It is vital to understand not just what needs to happen first in the transformation process, but also what the subsequent steps is and in what order the steps need to be undertaken. The third organising concept is learning. The sequence of interventions that lead to organisational transformation must occur in such a way as to maximize the ability of the organisation to learn: from customers and the marketplace, and from itself.Business Management
D.B.L.
Books on the topic "National Medical Enterprises"
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Eamer, Richard K. The history of National Medical Enterprises, Inc. and the investor-owned hospital industry. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1989.
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Eamer, Richard K. History of National Medical Enterprises, Inc., and the Investor-Owned Hospital Industry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.
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A wrongful death: One child's fatal encounter with public health and private greed. New York: Villard Books, 1997.
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San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. Concession audit report: San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center Parking System, July 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2001.
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Healthcare Information Technology Enterprise Integration Act: Report (to accompany H.R. 2406) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
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Office, General Accounting. Federal personnel: Federal/private sector pay comparisons : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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Office, General Accounting. Federal personnel: Observations on the Navy's Managing To Payroll Program : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Federal Services, Post Office, and Civil Service, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1990.
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Office, General Accounting. Federal personnel: Issues on the need for the Public Health Service's Commissioned Corps : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Office, General Accounting. Federal personnel: Public Health Service Commissioned Corps officers' health care for Native Americans : briefing report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Strasser, Ulrike. Missionary Men in the Early Modern World. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986305.
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How did gender shape the expanding Jesuit enterprise in the early modern world? What did it take to become a missionary man? And how did missionary masculinity align itself with the European colonial project? This book highlights the central importance of male affective ties and masculine mimesis in the formation of the Jesuit missions, as well as the significance of patriarchal dynamics. Focusing on previously neglected German actors, Strasser shows how stories of exemplary male behavior circulated across national boundaries, directing the hearts and feet of men throughout Europe toward Jesuit missions in faraway lands. The sixteenth-century Iberian exemplars of Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, disseminated in print and visual media, inspired late-seventeenth-century Jesuits from German-speaking lands to bring Catholicism and European gender norms to the Spanish-controlled Pacific. The age of global missions hinged on the reproduction of missionary manhood in print and real life.
Book chapters on the topic "National Medical Enterprises"
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Lagouarde, Philippe, Benoit Le Blanc, and Bruno Vallespir. "Interoperability in Healthcare: Standards for the French Project of a National Personal Medical Record." In Enterprise Interoperability, 575–84. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-714-5_53.
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Mansoor, Nasir, Thomas Rudhof-Seibert, and Miriam Saage-Maaß. "Pakistan’s “Industrial 9/11”: Transnational Rights-Based Activism in the Garment Industry and Creating Space for Future Global Struggles." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 107–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_6.
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AbstractThis chapter is based on an internal evaluation of the of the 2012–2019 cooperation between the Pakistani National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), the German humanitarian organisation medico international, and the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Written from a first-person perspective by three members of these organisations, it offers invaluable insights into the internal coordination and strategic deliberations of the partners’ evolving transnational efforts to hold the German retail company KiK and Italian social auditing firm RINA to account on behalf of the survivors and victims’ families of the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire. The authors elaborate on the multi-dimensional effects and aftermath of the Ali Enterprises tragedy, and recount the lessons learned from their different perspectives as trade unionists, activists, and lawyers based in both Pakistan and Germany. On this basis, the chapter then maps additional possible avenues for supporting the transnational struggles of workers around the globe. All in all, it offers rich insights into the experiences and complex debates ongoing amongst the authors and their organisations on how to develop common positions and further enhance their mutual understanding in order to collectively imagine and work towards transformative political goals.
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Bitaraf, Ehsan, Maryam Jafarpour, Vajiheh Jami, and Fatemeh Sarani Rad. "The Iranian Integrated Care Electronic Health Record." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210252.
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E-health plays a crucial role in E-government by proposing healthcare services based on information technology. However, the way to administer these services by using E-health solutions is one of the challenging issues. One of these significant challenges is how one integrates heterogeneous healthcare information of the different point of care systems. This paper introduces the Iranian integrated care electronic health record using the information gathered from several point-of-care systems in healthcare enterprises in Iran. This service-oriented architecture has a remarkable characteristic – its accessibility to medical knowledge and medical concepts through archetypes and ontology, respectively. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran has designed and implemented this national architecture.
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Nxumalo, Langelihle Khayalethu, and Nigel Chiweshe. "Social Enterprise Digital Marketing." In Strategic Marketing for Social Enterprises in Developing Nations, 103–30. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7859-8.ch005.
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A social enterprise needs to determine about how social media fits into the digital architecture of the enterprise and how social media transforms the social enterprise. Through effective use of social media, companies have captured substantial efficiencies in customer care with reductions in handling time and cost per case of more than 30%. Enterprises have been able to increase their participation in collaboration by more than 200% and increased revenue by more than 100% through social business strategy implementation. These enterprises have been able to attain this by building and implementing a digital social collaboration platform in less than three months.
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Rotberg, Robert I. "Health and Wealth." In Things Come Together, 222–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190942540.003.0009.
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Africa’s current 1 billion or so residents are healthier than they have ever been thanks to medical science, special attention in several key countries to chronic disease remediation, and the efforts of several American philanthropic enterprises. Life expectancies are up and morbidity is mostly down, allowing Africans to work more productively, enjoy more leisure, and exert middle class pressures on their respective national governments. Daily life has become a little less brutish in a Hobbesian manner than it once was. There is more space and time now for the cultivation of progress socially, economically, and politically. But children still die in great number from pneumonia, tuberculosis is rife, HIV/AIDS persists, and malaria has not yet been eradicated. So Africans are still at risk.
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Prasad, Purendra. "Health Care Reforms." In Equity and Access, 50–74. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199482160.003.0003.
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How do 35 crore people in India survive on Rs 32 per person per day in urban areas and Rs 26 per person per day in rural areas? The data from National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector indicates that 79 per cent of workers in the unorganised sector live on an income of less than Rs 20 a day. The growing recognition of the devastating effect of illnesses on the capacity of the labouring poor to work, and the rising cost of medical treatment prompted the Indian state to propose a new set of reforms to provide social protection for the unorganized workers. This chapter critiques these reforms, focusing on the possible strategies of inclusion and greater access to the vulnerable groups.
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Bonner, Thomas Neville. "An Uncertain Enterprise: Learning to Heal in the Enlightenment." In Becoming a Physician. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062984.003.0005.
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There was no more turbulent yet creative time in the history of medical study than the latter years of the eighteenth century. During this troubled era, familiar landmarks in medicine were fast disappearing; new ideas about medical training were gaining favor; the sites of medical education were rapidly expanding; and the variety of healers was growing in every country. Student populations, too, were undergoing important changes; governments were shifting their role in medicine, especially in the continental nations; and national differences in educating doctors were becoming more pronounced. These transformations are the subject of the opening chapters of this book. These changes in medical education were a reflection of the general transformation of European society, education, and politics. By the century’s end, the whole transatlantic world was in the grip of profound social and political movement. Like other institutions, universities and medical schools were caught up in a “period of major institutional restructuring” as new expectations were placed on teachers and students. Contemporaries spoke of an apocalyptic sense of an older order falling and new institutions fighting for birth, and inevitably the practice of healing was also affected. From the middle of the century, the nations of Europe and their New World offspring had undergone a quickening transformation in their economic activity, educational ideas, and political outlook. By 1800, in the island kingdom of Great Britain, the unprecedented advance of agricultural and industrial change had pushed that nation into world leadership in manufacturing, agricultural productivity, trade, and shipping. Its population growth exceeded that of any continental state, and in addition, nearly three-fourths of all new urban growth in Europe was occurring in the British Isles. The effects on higher education were to create a demand for more practical subjects, modern languages, and increased attention to the needs of the thriving middle classes. Although Oxford and Cambridge, the only universities in England, were largely untouched by the currents of change, the Scottish universities, by contrast, were beginning to teach modern subjects, to bring practical experience into the medical curriculum, and to open their doors to a wider spectrum of students.
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Armstrong-Hough, Mari. "Introduction." In Biomedicalization and the Practice of Culture, 1–14. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646688.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the type 2 diabetes epidemics of Japan and the United States, noting national differences in response to the epidemics among medical, public health, and patient communities. It summarizes the tradition of approaching medicine as a social enterprise in the social sciences, describes the organization of the book, and motivates its central theoretical and empirical questions.
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Baporikar, Neeta. "Challenges for Social Enterprises in Special Education." In Strategic Marketing for Social Enterprises in Developing Nations, 269–91. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7859-8.ch011.
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Social entrepreneurship is a rapidly growing discipline that is attracting the interest of governments, researchers, media, and organizations. Social enterprises have the ability to impact nations economically, environmentally, and socially by solving most pressing problems such as poverty, hunger, pollution, and education to name but a few through provision of their innovative products and services. So, in order for social enterprises including special schools to function effectively and efficiently, deliver innovative and quality services, and achieve their goals, they need sufficient sources and funding. Many researchers also cite that lack of funding is one of the greatest challenges and this is further aggravated due to lack of proper marketing of their services. Hence, adopting an exploratory research design and mixed method approach, the objective of this chapter is to apprehend the challenges of social enterprises in special education with a focus on schools, especially in emerging economies.
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Marich, Michael J., Benjamin L. Schooley, and Thomas A. Horan. "A Normative Enterprise Architecture for Guiding End-to-End Emergency Response Decision Support." In Managing Crises and Disasters with Emerging Technologies, 71–87. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0167-3.ch006.
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This article examines the underlying architecture guiding the development and use of enterprise decision support systems that maintain the delivery of time critical public services. A normative architecture, developed from comparative cases involving San Mateo County and Mayo Clinic Emergency Medical Services systems, provides a collection of characteristics meant to guide an emergency response system toward a high level of performance and enable optimal decision-making. At a national symposium, academics and practitioners involved in promoting effective emergency response information systems provided validation for the architecture and next steps for enhancing emergency response information systems. Normative architecture characteristics and expert perspectives from the symposium are integrated into a framework that offers an enterprise approach for delivering time-critical emergency response services. This article provides recommendations for navigating toward a more incremental approach in developing enterprise-oriented emergency information services and examines future trends involving the application of normative architectural concepts to real-world emergency medical settings.
Conference papers on the topic "National Medical Enterprises"
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Lou, Yingge, and Shuo Yang. "Medical Equipment Manufacturing Enterprise Informatization Management System Review." In 2012 National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/citcs.2012.238.
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Ardhanariswari, Kartika Ayu, Ninik Probosari, and Ari Wijayanti. "Branding Strategy By Social Media Ads And The Implementation Of Intellectual Property Rights In Wonogiri Coffee SMES (UMKM)." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.189.
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In fact, many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs/UMKM) are not yet aware of the importance of branding for competitiveness and not aware of the importance of protecting intellectual property rights and more focused on aspects of product sales. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs/UMKM) play an important and strategic role in building the national economy. Seeing the fairly good conditions above, it turns out that the existence of Coffee MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java still has several obstacles, namely in branding / promotional media and also protection of Trademark Intellectual Property Rights. Because it is very important for every Coffee MSME to have a strategy and approach that is clear and unique to an identity to be poured into branding through social media or other digital media. To strengthen coffee MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency, one of the important strategies to implement is to provide awareness dissemination of the importance of branding/brands for MSMEs and also assistance in branding through social media as the identity of MSMEs. Branding strategies need to be done in order to build the image and identity of the products produced by MSMEs that are able to influence consumers to have positive perceptions of the products, characters, abilities, appearance and offers that are being promoted. The last most important problem for MSME actors is that there is no awareness of the importance of legal protection regarding Intellectual Property Rights regarding Trademarks, Copyrights, and Industrial Designs. So there is a concern that the product is plagiarized by others or is prosecuted legally because there are products that have the same trademark.
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Chen, Xuedong, Zhibin Ai, Tiecheng Yang, Jiushao Hu, and Chuanqing Cheng. "Analysis Method of Failure Likelihood on Pressure Equipment With Combined Action of Multi-Failure Mechanism." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25665.
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Since 2003, we have conducted a lot of researches on risk based assessment technology in China according to standards API 581, API 571 etc., mastered the risk distribution conditions of in-service pressure equipments covering all kinds of units of about 80 large-scale oil refinery plants, chemical plants and chemical fertilizer plants in China, and formed the failure trees and technical guide documents for RBI of typical petrochemical units fit to Chinese national conditions. However, we find there are interactions of various failure modes and mechanisms of many petrochemical equipment during their actual running due to the diversity of corrosive media and the complexity of influential factors in the process of risk assessment implementation process, which has not been taken into account in the existing API 581, if we cannot determine the possible dominant failure modes and failure mechanisms as well as influential factors of secondary mechanisms in the actual service environment of pressure equipment, the risk assessment analysis results obtained tend to have big difference from actual conditions. In this paper, researches are conducted with respect to the judgment methods of dominant mechanisms in case of joint action of multiple failure mechanisms of pressure equipment and influential law of secondary mechanisms in several typical complicated medium environment of petrochemical enterprises based on the survey and analysis of failure accidents, risk assessment and experimental research of pressure equipment, and suggestions on improvement with respect to failure likelihood calculation methods in risk assessment in API 581 are given.
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Tamer, Gülay. "Aeshetic Medicine Center: Strategic Objectives of Management in Health Institutions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01477.
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Healthcare is the world’s largest industries today. Incorrect decisions which have been taken in any industrial enterprise would impact year-end balance sheet or in worst case scenario, temporary economic downturns. However, mistakes which are made in the management of health industries would end up lowering quality of human life which could give rise to deterioration of the welfare society. Management philosophy of the health care institutions has a direct impact to solution of health issues. Therefore, their approach of management play an important role in the development of quality of life. Knowledge and individual skills of those involved in the management of health managers at different levels of organization is crucial for the future of the company and consequentially for welfare of nation.
In this study; Aesthetic Medicine which is one of the most exclusive and ever-developing areas of health institutions has been analyzed. These institutions aim to enhance their social perception by improving their appearance with noninvasive aesthetic treatments and by providing preventive treatments to maintain their youthful appearance. The frequency of the applied treatments in aesthetic medical institutions varies according to their clients' economic welfare, socio-cultural evolution of their society, sex, age range and many other sociological parameters. In order to meet the expectations in health institutions, it is crucial to determine the correct customer profile by utilizing present opportunities of the sector. This study is prepared to present an approach to create sectoral innovation by drawing attention to self-renewing business growth methods for aesthetic medicine management.
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Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, and Mária Vojtková. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.
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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.
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Chu, Chih-Yuan, Elif E. Gunay, Omar Al-Araidah, and Gül E. Kremer. "Evaluating Supply Chain Resource Limits From News Articles and Earnings Call Transcripts: An Application of Integrated Factor Analysis and Analytical Network Process." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22699.
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Abstract Due to the impact of globalization, companies have extended their borders across nations to launch products more competitively. However, globalization affects various uncertainties and risks that may limit the performance of supply chains. Research indicates that models that incorporate uncertainties and risks will help to improve the resilience of global supply chains. In the era of technology, we experience the abundance of textual data from various web-media resources related to companies, which can be deployed to understand the impact of risks on the chain. Accordingly, this study aims to utilize textual data collected from news articles and earnings call transcripts to assess the vulnerability of the suppliers and the chain. Among many, we considered supply chain resource limits as a subcomponent of vulnerability and collected textual data associated with its sub-factors. Then, we proposed an integrated factor analysis and Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to model the company’s supply chain resource limits index. Specifically, factor analysis was used to determine the latent constructs of the variables that are grouped under resource limits and their correlations. This latent construct and correlations were then applied as the interdependencies among variables in the ANP to discover the final importance weights of the variables in terms of supply chain resource limits. The results of the study showed that the shortages of capacity, components, and energy supply are the most critical sub-factors. The company’s supply chain resource limits index (SCRLI) can be further calculated to assist decision-makers of an enterprise in supply chain configuration design, and improve the supply chain resilience.