Journal articles on the topic 'National Oceanographic Data Center (U.S.)'

Abstract. The hydrographic data reported here were collected within the framework of the Coastal Contamination, Prevention and Marine Management Project (Global Environment Facility (GEF) Patagonia), which was part of the scientific agenda of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The project goal was to strengthen efforts to improve sustainable management of marine biodiversity and reduce pollution of the Patagonia marine environment. The observational component of the project included three multidisciplinary oceanographic cruises designed to improve the knowledge base regarding the marine environment and to determine the seasonal variability of physical, biological and chemical properties of highly productive regions in the southwest South Atlantic continental shelf. The cruises were carried out on board R/V ARA Puerto Deseado, in October 2005 and March and September 2006. On each cruise, hydrographic stations were occupied along cross-shelf sections spanning the shelf from nearshore to the western boundary currents between 38° and 55° S. This paper reports the quasi-continuous vertical profiles (conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiles) and underway surface temperature and salinity data collected during the GEF Patagonia cruises. These data sets are available at the National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA, US, doi:10.7289/V5RN35S0.

Abstract. The hydrographic data reported here were collected within the framework of the Coastal Contamination, Prevention and Marine Management project (GEF Patagonia), which was part of the scientific agenda of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The project goal was to strengthen efforts to improve sustainable management of marine biodiversity and reduce pollution of the Patagonia marine environment. The observational component of the project included three multi-disciplinary oceanographic cruises designed to improve the knowledge base of the marine environment and to determine the seasonal variability of physical, biological and chemical properties of highly productive regions in the southwest South Atlantic continental shelf. The cruises were carried out on board R/V Ara Puerto Deseado, in October 2005 and March and September 2006. In each cruise, hydrographic stations were occupied along cross-shelf sections spanning the shelf from near-shore to the western boundary currents between 38° and 55° S. This paper reports the quasi-continuous vertical profiles (CTD) and underway surface temperature and salinity data collected during the GEF Patagonia cruises. These data sets are available at the National Oceanographic Data Center, NOAA. US, doi:10.7289/V5RN35S0.

AbstractThis study presents a new approach for hurricane wind direction retrieval utilizing rainband streaks contained in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images without hurricane eye information, based on the hurricane inflow angle. To calculate the wind direction field, a method for estimating the location of the hurricane center is given. In this paper, four Sentinel-1A (S-1A) images with a hurricane eye are used to clarify the center estimation method. Three S-1A SAR images without a hurricane eye are studied to evaluate the accuracy of the new method. The estimated locations of hurricane centers show good agreement with hurricane track data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Hurricane Research Division (HRD), HurricaneCity, and the National Institute of Informatics (NII). To validate the estimated wind directions, the NOAA HRD dropwindsonde observations for Tropical Storm Karl are collected and compared. The wind directions retrieved by our approach are more consistent with visual inspection than the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method in subimages. Moreover, the retrieved wind speeds utilizing C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N) are compared with wind speed estimations observed by Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR). The results suggest that the proposed method has good potential to retrieve hurricane wind direction from SAR images without a hurricane eye and external data.

The aim of the study was search and analysis of the data of review, experimental and clinical scientific and medical publications on the issues of the possible role of VD in pathogenesis of lichenoid dermatoses. Materials and methods: An analysis of the studying of the scientific and medical literature was shown. Searching was carried out through the PubMed/MEDLINE portal from the databases of the National Center Biotechnology Information, Web of Science Core Collection, U. S. National Library of Medicine, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, as well as the portals «Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU», «Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI)» and «Index Copernicus». Conclusions: The results of studies had convincingly demonstrated that deficiency of VD in the blood, decrease vitamin D receptors activity can lead to development of lichenoid dermatoses.

Abstract For overwater diffusion estimates the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion (OCD) model is preferred by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The U.S. Minerals Management Service has recommended that the OCD model be used for emissions located on the outer continental shelf. During southerly winds over the Gulf of Mexico, for example, the pollutants from hundreds of offshore platforms may affect the gulf coasts. In the OCD model, the overwater plume is described by the Gaussian equation, which requires the computation of σy and σz, which are, in turn, related to the turbulence intensity, overwater trajectory, and atmospheric stability. On the basis of several air–sea interaction experiments [the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX), the Air-Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX), and, most recently, the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE)] and the extensive datasets from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), it is shown that under neutral and stable conditions the overwater turbulence intensities are linearly proportional to the gust factor (G), which is the ratio of the wind gust and mean wind speed at height z (Uz) as reported hourly by the NDBC buoys. Under unstable conditions, it is first shown that the popular formula relating the horizontal turbulence intensity (σu,υ/u∗, where u∗ is the friction velocity) to the ratio of the mixing height (h) and the buoyancy length (L) (i.e., h/L) suffers from a self-correlation problem and cannot be used in the marine environment. Then, alternative formulas to estimate the horizontal turbulence intensities (σu,υ/Uz) using G are proposed for practical applications. Furthermore, formulas to estimate u∗ and z/L are fundamentally needed in air–sea interaction studies, in addition to dispersion meteorology.

Abstract A microwave water-level sensor, the Design Analysis model H-3611i, will soon enter service at tide stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) as part of the National Water Level Observation Network. CO-OPS tests include a multisensor deployment at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility at Duck, North Carolina, to evaluate microwave water-level measurement error over a wide range of Atlantic Ocean sea states. In situ precision and accuracy of processed (6-min average) water level is found to depend on sea state in addition to data processing methods and sensor operating mode. Estimates over selected 6-h measurement periods show that a degree-two polynomial successfully models the increase in sensor standard error with increasing zero-moment (Hm0) wave height but with differences in rate of error increase dependent on the application of a prefilter and choice of sensor operating mode. Prefiltering of 1-Hz “fast mode” sensor output to remove variance at selected wind-wave frequencies can reduce standard error during extreme conditions (Hm0 ≈ 3 m) from approximately ±3 cm without prefiltering to about ±1 cm using a least squares–designed (LSD) digital filter with a 60-s cutoff period. When wave heights are elevated, skewed non-Gaussian distributions develop within the 1-Hz (360 s) sample domain wherein a 3σ outlier elimination process applied without prefiltering can introduce a negative bias of up to 5 cm in individual 6-min water-level averages.

AbstractPrecise, species-level identification of plants in foods and dietary supplements is difficult. While the use of DNA barcoding regions (short regions of DNA with diagnostic utility) has been effective for many inquiries, it is not always a robust approach for closely related species, especially in highly processed products. The use of fully sequenced chloroplast genomes, as an alternative to short diagnostic barcoding regions, has demonstrated utility for closely related species. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also developed species-specific DNA-based assays targeting plant species of interest by utilizing chloroplast genome sequences. Here, we introduce a repository of complete chloroplast genome sequences called GenomeTrakrCP, which will be publicly available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Target species for inclusion are plants found in foods and dietary supplements, toxin producers, common contaminants and adulterants, and their close relatives. Publicly available data will include annotated assemblies, raw sequencing data, and voucher information with each NCBI accession associated with an authenticated reference herbarium specimen. To date, 40 complete chloroplast genomes have been deposited in GenomeTrakrCP (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA325670/), and this will be expanded in the future.

Los datos promedios mensuales del NODC (National Oceanographic Data Center) de la NOAA sobre los parámetros hidrológicos (temperatura y salinidad) y los flujos de impulso y balance superficial de calor, con una resolución de 1º y 0.5º respectivamente, se utilizan en calidad de condiciones iniciales y de contorno, respectivamente, en el Sistema de Predicción Oceánico de DIMAR (SPOD), basado en el uso del modelo oceánico POM (Princeton Ocean Model; Mellor, 1993). Los campos resultantes son los patrones mensuales de hidrología (T - S) y los campos de corrientes, hidrodinámicamente y mutuamente ajustados entre sí, con la batimetría (archivos de ETOPO-5) y las condiciones de la interacción entre el océano y la atmósfera. Los resultados del modelo se utilizan para: 1) el diagnóstico del comportamiento estacional de los campos hidrodinámicos, 2) el arranque “caliente” para las corridas del sistema SPOD en el modo operacional, 3) establecer un “background” de la salinidad (no detectable directamente con los sensores remotos) y 4) especificar las condiciones de contorno para los modelos operados en las áreas locales (zonas costeras). Se propone una estrategia de acumulación y uso de esta información y la forma de involucrar los datos nacionales de Colombia en el proceso; se hace una referencia a los estudios interdisciplinarios basados en el empleo de estos datos.

Introduction: The studying of the comorbidity of skin diseases is a priority scientific direction in modern dermatology. Comorbid conditions aggravate the course of the underlying disease, reduce the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment can lead to chronization of the process, disability of patients. Understanding of the commonality of pathogenesis and the mutually complicating nature of comorbidity makes a possible to prescribe individual rational treatment. The aim of the study was search and analysis of the data of review, experimental and clinical scientific and medical publications on the issues of the comorbidity of LP. Materials and methods: an analysis of the studying of the scientific and medical literature was shown. Searching was carried out through the PubMed/MEDLINE portal from the databases of the National Center Biotechnology Information, U. S. National Library of Medicine, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, as well as the portals «Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU», «Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI)» and «Index Copernicus». Conclusions: The main global trends of comorbidity of LP are determined. The results of these studies can form the basis for updating of clinical guidelines for the management of patients with LP at the international and local levels.

Abstract A large-scale climatic ocean circulation model was used to study the Atlantic Ocean circulation. This inverse model is an extension of the β-spiral formulation presented in papers by Stommel and Schott with a more complete version of the vorticity equation, including relative vorticity in addition to planetary vorticity. Also, a more complete database for hydrological measurements in the Atlantic Ocean was used, including not only the National Oceanographic Data Center database but also World Ocean Circulation Experiment data and cruises near the Azores, Angola, and Guinea-Bissau. A detailed analysis of the Northern Hemisphere Azores Current and Front shows that this new database and the model results were able to capture all major features reported previously. In the Southern Hemisphere, the authors have identified fully and described the subtropical front that is the counterpart to the Azores Current, which they call the St. Helena Current and Front. Both current systems of both hemispheres have similar intensities, depth penetration, volume transports, and zonal flow. Both have associated subsurface adjacent countercurrent flows, and their main cores flow at similar latitudes (∼34°N for the Azores Current and 34°S for the St. Helena Current). It is argued that both current systems and associated fronts are the poleward 18°C Mode Water discontinuities of the two Atlantic subtropical gyres and that both originate at the corresponding hemisphere western boundary current systems from which they penetrate into the open ocean interior. Thus, both currents should have a similar forcing source, and their origin should not be linked to any geographical peculiarities.

Effect of overexpression of the HAC1 genes from Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the production of heterologous enzymes, Escherichia coli phytase and Paenibacillus brasilensis xylanase, in P. pastoris cells has been studied. Codon composition of the phytase and xylanase encoding genes was optimized, and the genes were expressed in P. pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The obtained multi-copy strains produced in vitro 927 U/mL phytase and 1,401 U/ml xylanase activity. Overexpression of the HAC1 gene from P. pastoris was shown to increase the phytase and xylanase production by 46% and 41%, respectively. Overexpression of HAC1 from S. cerevisiae increased the phytase production by 28% and xylanase by 20%. Data obtained could be helpful in the construction of industrial enzyme-producing strains based on P. pastoris. phytase, xylanase, Нас1р transcription activator, UPR, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae The work was carried out using Multipurpose Scientific Installation All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms National Bioresource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» -GosNIIgenetika. The authors are grateful to A.V. Nikulin (Sintol LLC, Russia) for the assistance in the real-time PCR experiments. The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Unique Identifiers of the Projects are RFMEFI57917X0145 and RFMEFI60717X0180).

BackgroundThe extended time window for endovascular therapy in adult stroke represents an opportunity for stroke treatment in children for whom diagnosis may be delayed. However, selection criteria for pediatric thrombectomy has not been defined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged <18 years presenting within 24 hours of acute large vessel occlusion. Patient consent was waived by our institutional IRB. Patient data derived from our institutional stroke database was compared between patients with good and poor outcome using Fisher’s exact test, t-test, or Mann-Whitney U-test.ResultsTwelve children were included: 8/12 (66.7%) were female, mean age 9.7±5.0 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 11.5 (IQR 10–14). Stroke etiology was cardioembolic in 75%, dissection in 16.7%, and cryptogenic in 8.3%. For 2/5 with perfusion imaging, Tmax >4 s appeared to better correlate with NIHSS. Nine patients (75%) were treated: seven underwent thrombectomy alone; one received IV alteplase and thrombectomy, and one received IV alteplase alone. Favorable outcome was achieved in 78% of treated patients versus 0% of untreated patients (P=0.018). All untreated patients had poor outcome, with death (n=2) or severe disability (n=1) at follow-up. Among treated patients, older children (12.8±2.9 vs 4.2±5.0 years, P=0.014) and children presenting as outpatient (100% vs 0%, P=0.028) appeared to have better outcomes.ConclusionsPerfusion imaging is feasible in pediatric stroke and may help identify salvageable tissue in extended time windows, though penumbral thresholds may differ from adult values. Further studies are needed to define criteria for thrombectomy in this unique population.

The validation of significant wave height (SWH) data measured by the Sentinel-3A/3B SAR Altimeter (SRAL) is essential for the application of the data in ocean wave monitoring, forecasting and wave climate studies. Sentinel-3A/3B SWH data are validated by comparisons with U. S. National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys, using a spatial scale of 25 km and a temporal scale of 30 min, and with Jason-3 data at their crossovers, using a time difference of less than 30 min. The comparisons with NDBC buoy data show that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of Sentinel-3A SWH is 0.30 m, and that of Sentinel-3B is no more than 0.31 m. The pseudo-Low-Resolution Mode (PLRM) SWH is slightly better than that of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode. The statistical analysis of Sentinel-3A/3B SWH in the bin of 0.5 m wave height shows that the accuracy of Sentinel-3A/3B SWH data decreases with increasing wave height. The analysis of the monthly biases and RMSEs of Sentinel-3A SWH shows that Sentinel-3A SWH are stable and have a slight upward trend with time. The comparisons with Jason-3 data show that SWH of Sentinel-3A and Jason-3 are consistent in the global ocean. Finally, the piecewise calibration functions are given for the calibration of Sentinel-3A/3B SWH. The results of the study show that Sentinel-3A/3B SWH data have high accuracy and remain stable.

Abstract A long-period (15 yr) simulation of sea surface salinity (SSS) obtained from a hindcast run of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) forced by the NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis product is analyzed in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). The objective of the study is twofold: assess the capability of the model to provide realistic simulations of SSS and characterize the SSS variability in view of upcoming satellite salinity missions. Model fields are evaluated in terms of mean, standard deviation, and characteristic temporal scales of SSS variability. Results show that the standard deviations range from 0.2 to 1.5 psu, with larger values in regions with strong seasonal transitions of surface currents (south of India) and along the coast in the Bay of Bengal (strong Kelvin-wave-induced currents). Comparison of simulated SSS with collocated SSS measurements from the National Oceanographic Data Center and Argo floats resulted in a high correlation of 0.85 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.4 psu. The correlations are quite high (&gt;0.75) up to a depth of 300 m. Daily simulations of SSS compare well with a Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) buoy in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (1.5°S, 90°E) with an RMSE of 0.3 psu and a correlation better than 0.6. Model SSS compares well with observations at all time scales (intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual). The decorrelation scales computed from model and buoy SSS suggest that the proposed 10-day sampling of future salinity sensors would be able to resolve much of the salinity variability at time scales longer than intraseasonal. This inference is significant in view of satellite salinity sensors, such as Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius.

The article examines the issue of online volunteering in Ukraine and the world as a whole. The concepts of volunteering and e-volunteering are defined. Current data is presented on the state of volunteering in Ukraine amidst the pandemic according to the survey «Volunteering during quarantine», which took place in August 2020. 4148 respondents from all over Ukraine took part in the survey. The study was conducted by U-Report - an international youth project of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The focus is on available online resources for potential volunteers in response to the challenges of volunteering activities that have arisen on quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The following online opportunities are described: Ukrainian Volunteer Service, Ukraїner, National Holodomor Museum with the initiative to digitize the history of eyewitnesses to the events of that time, the #FINDWAY project. One type of remote volunteering is considered to be hotlines; the My Telephone Friend project, the Children's National Hotline of the La Strada-Ukraine International Women's Human Rights Center, the free Legal Aid Hotline, and others. The «Fundamentals of Volunteering» course of the all-Ukrainian Public Center «Volunteer» is analyzed, which has online lectures in the format of picture-links: volunteering, who a volunteer is, the skills and abilities of a volunteer, volunteer opportunities. The English-language book The Last Virtual Volunteering Guidebook by D. Kravens and S. J. Ellis is examined, which addresses how to successfully lead online volunteers and develop virtual volunteer assignments, from microvolunteering to long-term projects. The content of the report «Are technologies capable of opening access to volunteering instead of creating new barriers?», which was considered during the Global Technical Meeting 2020 on Voluntary Activities, is analyzed.

Despite nearly 12 million Asian Americans living in the United States and continued immigration, this increasingly substantial subpopulation has consistently been left out of national obesity studies. When included in national studies, Chinese-American children have been grouped together with other Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders or simply as “other,” yielding significantly lower rates of overweight and obesity compared to non-Asians. There is a failure to recognize the ethnic diversity of Asian Americans as well as the effect of acculturation. Results from smaller studies of Chinese American youth suggest that they are adopting lifestyles less Chinese and more Americans and that their share of disease burden is growing. We screened 142 children from the waiting room of a community health center that serves primarily recent Chinese immigrants for height, weight and demographic profile. Body Mass Index was calculated and evaluated using CDC growth charts. Overall, 30.1 percent of children were above the 85th we found being male and being born in the U .S. to be statistically significant for BMI > 85th percentile (p=0.039, p=0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that being overweight in this Chinese American immigrant population is associated with being born in the U.S. A change in public policy and framework for research are required to accurately assess the extent of overweight and obesity in Chinese American children. In particular, large scale data should be stratified by age, sex, birthplace and measure of acculturation to identify those at risk and construct tailored interventions.

Background: As the global climate changes, the number of cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is increasing year by year. This study comprehensively considers the association of time and space by analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution changes of HFMD in the Ili River Valley in terms of what climate factors could affect HFMD and in what way. Methods: HFMD cases were obtained from the National Public Health Science Data Center from 2013 to 2018. Monthly climate data, including average temperature (MAT), average relative humidity (MARH), average wind speed (MAWS), cumulative precipitation (MCP), and average air pressure (MAAP), were obtained from the National Meteorological Information Center. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of HFMD from 2013 to 2018 were obtained using kernel density estimation (KDE) and spatiotemporal scan statistics. A regression model of the incidence of HFMD and climate factors was established based on a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model and a generalized additive model (GAM). Results: The KDE results show that the highest density was from north to south of the central region, gradually spreading to the whole region throughout the study period. Spatiotemporal cluster analysis revealed that clusters were distributed along the Ili and Gongnaisi river basins. The fitted curves of MAT and MARH were an inverted V-shape from February to August, and the fitted curves of MAAP and MAWS showed a U-shaped change and negative correlation from February to May. Among the individual climate factors, MCP coefficient values varied the most while MAWS values varied less from place to place. There was a partial similarity in the spatial distribution of coefficients for MARH and MAT, as evidenced by a significant degree of fit performance in the whole region. MCP showed a significant positive correlation in the range of 15–35 mm, and MAAP showed a positive correlation in the range of 925–945 hPa. HFMD incidence increased with MAT in the range of 15–23 °C, and the effective value of MAWS was in the range of 1.3–1.7 m/s, which was positively correlated with incidences of HFMD. Conclusions: HFMD incidence and climate factors were found to be spatiotemporally associated, and climate factors are mostly non-linearly associated with HFMD incidence.

Abstract Background: Adult sickle cell patients on chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) garnered special concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mass cancellation of blood drives threatened the national blood supply. In response, the American Society of Hematology proposed several strategies to decrease blood utilization, while maintaining adequate disease control for sickle cell patients on CTT. These included targeting a higher end hemoglobin S%, switching patients to simple transfusions when appropriate, and transitioning to alternative disease modifying therapies. There is little evidence to support the safety of altering exchange therapy regimens. Accordingly, at the Johns Hopkins Sickle Cell Center for Adults, a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and transfusion medicine specialists evaluated patients on a case by case basis to determine how their exchanges could be modified to accommodate for anticipated blood supply shortages. We describe our blood conservation efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting clinical outcomes for adult patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Methods: For inclusion in this IRB-approved retrospective study, patients received at least 7 monthly exchange transfusions between March 2019 and February 2020 and continued care through March 2021. Decisions regarding CTT were made prior to data collection. Modifications to chronic exchanges included increasing the fraction of cells remaining (FCR), decreasing the end hematocrit, or switching to a hemodilution method. Additionally, select patients transitioned to monthly simple transfusions if they were clinically stable, had a hemoglobin ≤ 7 g/dL, and had a persistently suppressed hemoglobin S% (≤ 30). We collected basic demographics, pre-exchange laboratory studies, and exchange parameters before and after each transfusion encounter in the year before (March 2019 - February 2020) and during (March 2020 - February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, we recorded presentations to urgent care and the emergency department; and hospital admissions during each time period. We reported descriptive statistics for the cohort and compared outcomes using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann Whitney U test. We analyzed data using Stata/SE Version 16.1. Results: We identified 58 patients with SCA who qualified for inclusion (Table 1). Fifty-three patients remained on chronic exchange transfusions during the pandemic, and five were switched to simple transfusions. For patients who remained on chronic exchanges, most received conventional automated red cell exchange (RCE) prior to (85%) and during the pandemic (77%). Use of hemodilution increased (15% to 23% of patients). Forty-three patients experienced an increase in mean FCR (33.6 (SD 11.6) vs 37.7 (4.7), p = .00). Of those, 22 patients saw a concomitant decrease in mean end hematocrit (30.8 (1.7) vs 29.6 (1.1), p = .00). These changes resulted in a decline in the average number of units per procedure (8.6 (1.9) vs 7.3 (1.7), p = .00), which corresponded to 890 units conserved. Mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin values declined (9.4 (1.3) vs 9.2 (1.3), p = 0.01), but hemoglobin S%, reticulocyte count, and ferritin values were unchanged (p &gt; 0.05). Acute care presentations and hospital admissions declined, which were likely spurred by concerns about COVID-19 infection (Table 2, p &lt; 0.05). During the pandemic, three patients died, one of whom had been switched to simple transfusions. This patient experienced a consistent rise in hemoglobin S% until death. Two of the remaining patients on simple transfusions were switched back to automated RCE due to an increase in hemoglobin S% above goal (Figure 1). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we conserved red blood cell units through expanded use of hemodilution, higher FCR values, and switching some patients to simple transfusions. Patients who remained on exchanges maintained hemoglobin S% values near a goal of 30% without increasing iron burden. In contrast, the majority of patients who were switched to simple transfusions were unable to maintain goal hematologic parameters, and one patient died. Our data suggest that in a blood shortage crisis, changing the exchange procedure itself may be the safest means of conserving blood in a population of adult sickle cell patients; however longer follow-up is needed to ensure that these changes are safe. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Lanzkron: GBT: Research Funding; Shire: Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Pfizer: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Teva: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Novartis: Research Funding; Imara: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy.

Abstract Background: Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) is a complex thrombotic disorder caused due to obstruction of hepatic venous outflow involving anywhere from small hepatic venules to the entrance of inferior vena cava into the right atrium. This leads to venous stasis and ischemic injury of hepatic parenchyma and sinusoids, with the risk of liver failure. The prognosis of patients with BCS had improved significantly with long-term anticoagulation and measures like Trans-Jugular-Intrahepatic-Porto-Systemic shunt (TIPS) and liver transplantation. We report the outcomes of patients who follow in our hematology practice and describe the factors predicting the need for TIPS/Liver Transplant. Methods: After appropriate Investigational Review Board permission, we identified patients with a history of BCS following in our thrombosis clinical practice from the year 2010 onwards. We evaluated their laboratory, demographic, anticoagulation data, Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child-Pugh (CP) score at diagnosis or when earliest available, and other relevant clinical information as outlined. Descriptive statistics with medians, quartiles, frequencies, and percentages are reported. Further, we compared the two categories of patients who needed TIPS/Liver transplants versus those who did not. SAS version 9.4 was used for analysis. For continuous variables, a univariate nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used. The Fisher's Exact Test was used to associate each variable with the need for TIPS/Liver Transplant. Results: Our study included 23 patients with baseline characteristics, including median age of 36 years (11-59 years), 91% whites, 61% females, 44% smokers, 61% obese(median BMI 29.9 kg/m 2), 6 of 14 women on oral contraceptive pills, 22% with thrombosis history, 17% with stroke history, median hemoglobin 13.4 gm/dL(8.9-20 gm/dL), white blood cell count 9,400/L (3,050-31,500/L), platelet count 294,000/L(14,000-767,000/L), serum creatinine 0.87 mg/L (0.55-2.52 mg/dL), total protein 6.3 gm/dL (5.2-8.8 gm/dL), Bilirubin 2.1 mg/dL(0.1-20.2 mg/dL), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 61 U/L(16-1037 U/L), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 43U/L(18-1694 U/L), MELD score 15 (range 7-38), CP score 9 (5-14), 74% with cirrhosis, 82% with ascites at one point, 57% with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 4.3% with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), 17% with Antiphospholipid antibodies positive (APS), 13% had positive antinuclear antibodies, 35% needed TIPS and 44% required liver transplantation. 57% with Janus Kinase (JAK2) V617F mutation (1 patient with a low variant allele frequency of 1%), 1 patient (4.3%) had Calreticulin (CALR) mutation positive MPN, 91% remained on long-term anticoagulation with 40% using warfarin, 35% apixaban, 9% Enoxaparin or Rivaroxaban for long-term anticoagulation, 13% developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). 8.7% had developed BCS after Ad26.COV2.S vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Excluding the patients with missing variables, 5 of 12 had Protein C deficiency, 3 or 10 had Protein S deficiency, 8 of 20 with Antithrombin (AT) deficiency, 4 of 14 with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation, 0 of 10 with prothrombin gene mutation, 1 of 13 with hyper-homocysteinemia. 35% had gastrointestinal bleeding though 65% of patients had evidence of varices by endoscopy. When the group needing TIPS/Liver transplant/died is compared to those who did not, they had higher bilirubin, MELD, PC score, AT deficiency, cirrhosis, ascites, and JAK2 mutation (p-value significant: Table 1). With a median follow-up of 90 months, overall survival was not statistically significant between the two groups (Figure 1). Two patients (8.7%) died out of a total of 23. Conclusions: Our data indicate that in patients with BCS, neoplasms (61%), particularly MPN (57%), are very commonly diagnosed. Compared to the historical data in patients with BCS with dismal prognosis (60-80% six-month mortality rate), the overall survival had significantly improved, likely due to supportive measures like TIPS/Liver transplant and long-term anticoagulation. Outside the established variables like CP and MELD, lower antithrombin activity and positive JAK2 mutation status also predicted a higher TIPS/Liver transplant need. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Bhatt: Partnership for health analytic research, LLC: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Jazz: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Research Funding; National Marrow Donor Program: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy; Servier Pharmaceuticals LLC: Consultancy; Rigel: Consultancy. Gundabolu: BioMarin Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company: Consultancy; Pfizer: Research Funding; Samus Therapeutics: Research Funding.

<p>Di abad ini pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan krusial bagi tiap individual, oganisasi, pendidikan, bisnis hingga ke pemerintahan. Dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangranggo (BBTNGGP) terus berusaha memberikan pelayanan, informasi dan edukasi prima kepada masyarakat dan pengunjung. Namun tidak sedikit di dapatkan pengunjung dan pengguna merasa kesulitan dalam mendapatkan informasi saat mengakses website Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangranggo. Seperti terbatasnya metode pembayaran yang menyulitkan pengunjung dalam pemesanan Surat Izin Masuk Kawasan Konservasi (SIMAKSI) secara <em>daring,</em> Tampilan website yang kurang menarik dan <em>up to date</em>, Kualitas informasi yang kurang efisien dimana pengunjung melakukan transaksi ganda yaitu registrasi secara online , pengambilan tiket secara offline dan mengantri saat cek kesehatan, Kualitas layanan interaksi antara pengelola taman nasional dan pengunjung yang belum maksimal. Sehingga dibutuhkan evaluasi peningkatan kualitas layanan website dengan menganalisis kualitas website tersebut. Penelitian ini membatasi permasalahan yang di bahas yaitu menganalisis kualitas website resmi Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangranggo dari sisi <em>end-user</em> dengan menerapkan WebQual 4.0 dengan memakai 3 variable yaitu <em>U</em><em>s</em><em>a</em><em>bility, Quality Information </em>dan<em> Service</em><em> </em><em>Interaction</em> sehingga dari ketiga variable tersebut dapat menghasilkan kepuasan pengguna <em>User Satisfaction</em>. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data 151 responden yang di bantu olah dengan software SPSS dan melalui beberapa tahap uji, seperti uji reliabilitas data, uji validasi data, analisis deskriptif, uji korelasi dan uji regresi linier berganda. Kualitas <em>website</em> Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangranggo dengan WebQual 4.0 menggunakan teknik WQI (<em>Webqual</em> <em>Index</em>) dalam menentukan standar (<em>benchmark</em>). Dengan harapan mengetahui tingkat kualitas layanan website Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangranggo dari persepsi pengguna akhir dengan menganalisis system yang sesuai harapan para penggunanya.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>In this century the use of information technology has become a crucial need for each individual, organization, education, business to government. In carrying out its duties and functions, the Gunung Gede Pangranggo National Park Center (BBTNGGP) continues to strive to provide services, information and education to the public and visitors. However, many visitors find it difficult to get information when accessing the Gunung Gede Pangranggo National Park website. Such as limited payment methods for ordering Conservation Area Entry Permits (SIMAKSI) online, less attractive website appearance, less efficient quality of information where visitors register online by taking tickets and health checks offline, quality of interaction services between national park managers and visitors who have not been maximized.</em><em> </em><em>T</em><em>herefore</em><em> </em><em>it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the website service. This study limits the problems discussed, namely analyzing the quality of the official website of the Gunung Gede Pangranggo National Park Center from the end user side </em><em>by applying</em><em> the WebQual 4.0 using 3 variables, namely Usability, Quality Information and Service Interaction so that the three variables can produce user satisfaction.The data of this study used data from 151 respondents who were assisted by SPSS software and through several test stages, such as data reliability test, data validation test, descriptive analysis, correlation test and multiple linear regression test. </em><em> </em><em>The results of the analysis of the quality of this website concluded that the variable usability and information quality had a good value compared to the variable service interaction quality. This it is necessary to improve the quality of the website of the Gunung Gede Pangranggo National Park Center by analyzing the website according to the perceptions of the end user and the expectations of its users.</em><strong></strong></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

The patient registration service is the starting gate for the health center services. In implementing BPJS, the community expects to get satisfactory health services. Patients will feel or not depends on the quality of registration services provided. If the patient feels satisfied the he will come back to get health care. However, if the patient is not satisfied, there will be many complaints that will not only be delivered face-to-face but more than that it can occur the complaint is submitted thorugh print media, visual media, and even social media. The purpose of study was to determine the comparative satisfaction of BPJS and non BPJS patients on the quality of registration services at the Johar Baru Health Center in Central Jakarta.riptive method with a Cross Sectional Comparative approach in the registration section at Johar Baru Health Center, Central Jakarta Research methods. This research was conducted with a descriptive method with a Cross Sectional Comparative approach in the registration section at Johar Baru Health Center, Central Jakarta. The population in this study were BPJS and Non BPJS patients who registered at the outpatient Registration in October-December 2019. The method of selecting samples was used with probability sampling whie to take samples using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The tool used for research with Questionnaire/Questionnaire. With a Likert scale measurement scale. For data analysis techniques using the Vality Test used is the product moment correlation which results in that the whoe question items are valid, which decision considerations are based on the r table for N = 30 at a significance of 5%, amounting to 0.361.Realibility Tests are used to show the extent to which a measurement result is relatively consistent if our measuring instrument repeatedly. Based on the reliability test, for the item questionnaire, the decision consideration is based on Cronbach’salfa value>0.60, the questionnaire is declared reliable or consistent. In this study the Cronvachs’s Alfa Value of 0.699 ‘s was rounded to 0.70, the cronbanch Alfa Value of 0.70>0.60, the questionnaire was declared reliable or consistent. With cross sectional time approach. The Mann Whitney U test was used to prove the hypothesis with the SPSS For Windows 25 software version, the significance value or Symp was obtained. Sig, (2 tailed) of 0.001. Therefore the value of Symp. Sig, (2 tailed) of 0.001>from the probability of 0.0f, the hypothesis “Ha is a accepted” or there is a difference. Based on the average value in the level of BPJS patient satisfaction obtained an average of 79.96 for Non BPJS patients obtained an average of 76.13 while the difference between the two amounted to 3.83. Targeted Output. Is a scientific publication in the National Journal of ISSN submitted, speakers in scientific meetings are registered, teaching material (ISBN) draft newspapaer articles are published. The proposed TKT research is TKT 1 The patient registration service is the starting gate for the health center services. In implementing BPJS, the community expects to get satisfactory health services. Patients will feel or not depends on the quality of registration services provided. If the patient feels satisfied the he will come back to get health care. However, if the patient is not satisfied, there will be many complaints that will not only be delivered face-to-face but more than that it can occur the complaint is submitted thorugh print media, visual media, and even social media. The purpose of study was to determine the comparative satisfaction of BPJS and non BPJS patients on the quality of registration services at the Johar Baru Health Center in Central Jakarta.riptive method with a Cross Sectional Comparative approach in the registration section at Johar Baru Health Center, Central JakartaResearch methods. This research was conducted with a descriptive method with a Cross Sectional Comparative approach in the registration section at Johar Baru Health Center, Central Jakarta. The population in this study were BPJS and Non BPJS patients who registered at the outpatient Registration in October-December 2019. The method of selecting samples was used with probability sampling whie to take samples using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The tool used for research with Questionnaire/Questionnaire. With a Likert scale measurement scale. For data analysis techniques using the Vality Test used is the product moment correlation which results in that the whoe question items are valid, which decision considerations are based on the r table for N = 30 at a significance of 5%, amounting to 0.361.Realibility Tests are used to show the extent to which a measurement result is relatively consistent if our measuring instrument repeatedly. Based on the reliability test, for the item questionnaire, the decision consideration is based on Cronbach’salfa value>0.60, the questionnaire is declared reliable or consistent. In this study the Cronvachs’s Alfa Value of 0.699 ‘s was rounded to 0.70, the cronbanch Alfa Value of 0.70>0.60, the questionnaire was declared reliable or consistent. With cross sectional time approach. The Mann Whitney U test was used to prove the hypothesis with the SPSS For Windows 25 software version, the significance value or Symp was obtained. Sig, (2 tailed) of 0.001. Therefore the value of Symp. Sig, (2 tailed) of 0.001>from the probability of 0.0f, the hypothesis “Ha is a accepted” or there is a difference. Based on the average value in the level of BPJS patient satisfaction obtained an average of 79.96 for Non BPJS patients obtained an average of 76.13 while the difference between the two amounted to 3.83.Targeted Output. Is a scientific publication in the National Journal of ISSN submitted, speakers in scientific meetings are registered, teaching material (ISBN) draft newspapaer articles are published. The proposed TKT research is TKT 1

Introduction. According to the WHO, about 3 % of infants worldwide are born with a congenital malformation (CM). The aim of the study. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the spectrum of congenital malformations diagnosed during pregnancy based on the Lviv Medical Genetics Center during 2018-2020 yy. Materials and methods. Clinical and epidemiological, as well as medical and statistical data on CM diagnosed prenatally between 2018-2020 were collected from primary source documents (Form No. 49) and then analyzed at the Lviv Medical Genetics Center ʺInstitute of Hereditary Pathology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraineʺ, Lviv. The Student’s t-test was used to determine the difference between the arithmetic means. The null hypotheses were tested using a t-test at the significance level of p-value less than 0.05. Results. A total of 11062 pregnant women were examined between 2018-2020: CM at different stages of pregnancy were diagnosed in 454 cases, which accounted for 4.1 % of cases and did not exceed the population value. There was a 2.3-fold reduction in the number of pregnant women presented to the Medical Genetics Center in 2020, probably due to the global coronavirus pandemic – from 5007 women in 2018 to 2212 females in 2020. However, the number of CM diagnosed prenatally in 2020 was not statistically significant (p-value more than 0.05) as compared to the average value for these years and 2018. In 2018, a total of 5007 pregnant women were examined at the Lviv Medical Genetics Center. In 136 (4.8 %) cases, fetal malformations were diagnosed before 22 weeks of gestation, while in 26 (1.2 %) cases, pregnancy was affected by congenital anomaly in its second half. In 2019, there were examined 3843 pregnant women. In169 (7.8 %) cases, CM were diagnosed before 22 weeks of gestation, that was statistically significant as compared to 2018 (p-value less than 0.05) and in 20 (1.2 %) cases, fetal anomalies were detected in the second half of pregnancy, that was not statistically significant as compared to the previous year (p-value more than 0.05). In 2020, we examined 2212 pregnant women. Reducing the number of visits to our medical center was probably due to the coronavirus pandemic. There were95 (5.0 %) cases of fetal malformations diagnosed before 22 weeks of gestation and 8 (2.5 %) cases of congenital anomalies detected in the second half of pregnancy. The number of CM diagnosed prenatally was the highest in 2019 – 4.9 %; however, there was no statistically significant difference (p-value more than 0.05) in the average values for these years – 4.1 % and 3.2 % in 2020 and 2018, respectively. In 2020, the incidence of congenital malformations diagnosed after 22 weeks of gestation was significantly higher (p-value less than 0.05) than in other years – 2.5 % and 1.2 %, respectively. Conclusions. Between 2018-2020, the incidence of congenital malformations diagnosed at different stages of pregnancy was 4.1 %. Congenital malformation s of the nervous system (Q00-Q07) were the most common anomalies diagnosed before 22 weeks of gestation, while after 22 weeks, the most common malformations were congenital malformations of the urinary system (Q60-Q64). Qualified timely diagnosis of correctable developmental deficiencies, as well as team efforts of obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, pediatricians, and other health care professionals to ensure normal childbirth and provide a baby with specialized care, followed by life-time rehabilitation are the main tasks of prenatal medicine.

Abstract Background: Hyperleukocytosis is complication of leukemia and is defined as peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 100, 000/mm^3. The high WBC count can increase blood viscosity and lead to leukostatsis, which is a medical emergency most commonly seen in acute leukemias. The use of Leukapheresis, is controversial and there are few guidelines. We performed a retrospective review of outcomes in patients with hyperleukocytosis who received leukapheresis in Houston Methodist Hospital between 2006 and 2015. Methods: The patient data was queried from METEOR (Methodist Environment for Translational Enhancement and Outcomes Research), a clinical data warehouse and analytics environment that integrates existing business data warehouse with internal and external research databases and national registries to support clinical research and outcome studies for improving patient care cost-effectively. METEOR data warehouse contains records dating back to January 1, 2006 with over 1 million unique patients and over 4 million unique patient encounters. We queried for the diagnosis of leukemia and those that received at least one course of leukapheresis and also obtained baseline demographics, and overall outcomes. Results: We reviewed 5585 of whom 42 patients who meet the criteria-patients, 29 of them have diagnosis of AML, 6 with CLL, 4 with ALL, and 3 with CML. The baseline demographics included 29 males and 13 females, whose median age was 52.5; 19 were Caucasians while 10 were African Americans, 5 Hispanic, 5 Asian and 3 reportedly as others. As shown in Table 1, the population is divided into 3 groups according to WBC before leukapheresis. Group 1 has 7 patients with WBC <100,000, median of 80.460. Group 2 has 17 patients with WBC range from 100,000 to 200,000, median of 150,740. Group 3 has 18 patients with WBC above 200,000, median of 252,200. In group 1, the average leukostatsis symptom grade is 1.43, average % decrease of WBC is 34.54%, ( blast-84%). In group 2, the average leukostatsis symptom grade is 1.88, average % decrease of WBC is 48.25%, ( blast- 69%). In group 3, the average leukostatsis symptom grade is 1.06, average % decrease of WBC is 42.81%, (blast-59.5%). In terms of complications, in group 1, 42.86% presented with acute kidney injury (AKI), 28.57% with tumor lysis syndrome, 28.57% with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 28.57% with sepsis, 14.29% with pneumonia, 42.86% with respiratory failure, 14.29% and with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In group 2, 17.65% presented with AKI, 47.06% with TLS, 47.06 % with DIC, 23.53% with sepsis, 11.76% with pneumonia, 41.18% with respiratory failure, and 5.88% with acute coronary syndrome. In group 3 11.10 % presented with acute kidney injury, 44.44% with TLS, 38.89 % with DIC, 22.22% with sepsis, 11.11% with pneumonia, 27.78 % with respiratory failure, and 5.56 % with ACS. The 4 weeks mortality rate are 42.86% for group 1, 29.41% for group 2, and 22.22% for group 3. Conclusions: We have validated the Hyperleukocytosis grading schema and usefulness of leukapheresis. Our data indicates comparable mortality in pts with WBC between 100 -200,000 and > 200,000. Further statistical review of this data set will be presented at the ASH Meeting, Orlando 2015 Table 1. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 WBC range <100,000 100,000 to 200,000 >200,000 Number of patients 7 17 18 Average leukostasis symptom grade 1.43 1.88 1.06 % Lymphoid leukemia 14.29% 17.65% 33.33% Median WBC before leukapheresis 80,460 150,740 252,200 Average % decrease of WBC 34.54% 48.25% 42.81% Median % of blast before leukapheresis 84% 69% 59.5% Average % change in %blast 5.35% 11.23% -6.55% Average Creatinine after Leukapheresis 2.39 1.47 1.38 Average uric acid after leukapheresis 8.77 6.52 6.75 Average Fibrinogen after leukapheresis 424.25 336.78 300.56 % Acute kidney injury 42.86% 17.65% 11.10% % Tumor lysis syndrome 28.57% 47.06% 44.44% % DIC 28.57% 47.06% 38.89% % Sepsis 28.57% 23.53% 22.22% % Pneumonia 14.29% 11.76% 11.11% % Respiratory failure 42.86% 41.18% 27.78% % Acute Coronary Syndrome 14.29% 5.88% 5.56% % 4 weeks Mortality 42.86% 29.41% 22.22% References: 1. Novotny JR, Müller-Beissenhirtz H, Herget-Rosenthal S, Kribben A, Dührsen U. Grading of symptoms in hyperleukocytic leukaemia: a clinical model for the role of different blast types and promyelocytes in the development of leukostatsis syndrome. Eur J Haematol 2005:74:501-510 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. (Caryophyllaceae), commonly known as seabeach sandwort, is a species of special concern in Connecticut (4). Nearly an entire population of H. peploides in New London County, CT was found to be severely infected by the aecial stage of a rust fungus in June of 2008. Representative plants in the population were infected with aecia on more than 50% of the leaves. Aecia were amphigenous, gregarious, cupulate, pulverulent, yellowish, and erumpent with a hyaline to whitish peridium having a lacerate, somewhat recurved margin. Peridial cells were rhomboidal, 26 to 31 × 25 to 29 μm, smooth to finely verrucose. Aeciospores were globose to ellipsoid, 23.5 to 29 × 20.5 to 22 μm, hyaline to pale yellowish with a verrucose surface and hyaline walls 1.5 to 2 μm thick. Morphological characters corresponded to a reference specimen (BPI 000105) of the aecial stage of Uromyces acuminatus Arthur from Nova Scotia, as well as published descriptions (1,2). Subsequently, telia of U. acuminatus were discovered on Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. (Poaceae) in May of 2009 in New London County, CT. Telia were adaxial, intercostal, scattered to gregarious, linear and at times elongate, dark brown to black, pulverulent, and erumpent. Teliospores were obovate to ellipsoid with rounded to acuminate apices rarely having two points, 30 to 41 × 19 to 24 μm, with a smooth surface and brownish-yellow to brown walls 9 to 14 μm thick at apex, which is sometimes paler, and 1 to 3 μm thick laterally, pedicels with a portion persisting on the teliospore that is up to 82 μm long and brownish-yellow. The ITS2 and 5′ region of the 28S rDNA (998 bp) from the rust on H. peploides (GenBank Accession No. GU109282, BPI 879300) and the rust on S. patens (GenBank Accession No. GU058008, BPI 879285B) were sequenced to confirm the identification of U. acuminatus on H. peploides with the resulting sequences identical. U. acuminatus is widespread in the eastern United States and Canada (1–3). The telial stage is found on Spartina spp., while the aecial stage is found on numerous taxa including members of the Asparagaceae (formerly Ruscaceae, Liliaceae), Caryophyllaceae, Polemoniaceae, and Primulaceae (1–3). Puccinia arenariae (Schumach.) G. Winter, previously reported from H. peploides (4), is microcyclic and stages 0, I, and II are unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first report of U. acuminatus on the genus Honckenya. This report has significance to natural resource conservation managers and scientists working in endangered plant habitats because H. peploides and H. peploides subsp. robusta are listed as plants of special concern or endangered/extirpated in Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island (4). References: (1) J. C. Arthur. Order Uredinales. N. Am. Flora 7(3):161, 1912. (2) G. B. Cummins. The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971. (3) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2009. (4) USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS Database. Online publication. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 2009.

In this paper we summarize the geological information about regional distribution features of bismuth in the Ingul megablok of Ukrainian shield. Different Proterozoic ore sites situated within the Bratsk-Zvenihorodka and the Ingul-Tyasmyn metallogenic zone are considered. They are characterized by the presence of various scale deposits of uranium, rare metals (Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, Nb, W, Sn) and precious metals (Au, Ag). Minerals-concentrators of bismuth and main paragenetic associations comprising native Bi, tellurides, bismutite, maldonite, wittichenite, parkerite, matildite are investigated. It should be noted that within the intrusions of the Korsun-Novomyrgorod pluto and the Novoukraika massif, which spatially separate the Bratsk-Zvenihorodka and the Ingul-Tyasmyn metallogenic zone, there are also deposits of uranium and titanium, but bismuth is practically absent. At a relatively low content (from 5 to 60 g / t) bismuth is a typical metal for ore objects of K-U formation and rare metal pegmatites of Polokhiv and Stankuvatske ore fields. For the first time, mineral forms of bismuth (native bismuth, Pb-bismuth, galenobismuthin) were determined in the Obginnyi ore occurence, where abnormally high content values of bismuth up to 0,8-1,3%. The geochemical feature of numerous gold ore objects is the almost complete dominance of bismuth compounds with tellurium. There are headleite (Ві7Те3), telluric bismuthite (Ві2Те3), tsumoit (ВіТе), pilsenite (Ві4Те3), joseite-B (Bi4(S,Te)3) detected individualized phases in the Bi-Te system. In the skarns of the Bandurkivsky ore occurence the early productive association consists of maldonite + joseite-B + tetradimite, and the late one consists of native gold + bismuth. Bismuth sulfosalts are present in various ore objects as part of sulfide Cu-Ag-Bi and Pb-Ag-Bi mineralization. The study of geochemistry and mineralogy of bismuth was performed in M.P. Semenenko institute of geochemistry, mineralogy and ore formation of NAS of Ukraine, using a scanning electron microscope JSM-6700F (JEOL). Data on the chemical composition of minerals were obtained using microprobe devices JCXA-733, JXA-8200 (Technical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) and Cameca SX-100 (Technical University, Klausstal (Germany)). The data of spectral and atomic absorption analysis of the central laboratory of KP «Kirovgeologiya» were also used in writing the article.

Ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FEFETs) are receiving significant attention from the microelectronics community for next-generation memory technologies, especially as embedded non-volatile elements for data-centric applications. The main attractive features of FEFETs are that write energy and speed of FEFETs are within an order of magnitude of respective metrics for SRAMs (FEFET ~1 fJ and 1-10 ns vs. SRAM: <1 fJ and <1 ns), all the while requiring a significantly smaller cell size (FEFET 50-60F2 vs. SRAM 120-150F2) and close-to-zero standby leakage power – provided that FEFETs are integrated at the same advanced technology nodes as SRAMs [1]. In this talk, we will discuss the potential path for FEFET toward fulfilling this vision, by addressing the outstanding technological challenges: ultra-fast read-after write, reliability, voltage scaling and variation. To that end, our recent exposition on the trap and reliability physics of FEFETs will highlighted. We will highlight, based on newly developed experimental schemes, how the simultaneous capture and emission of electrons and holes in write cycles occur at the interface and the grain boundaries in the time domain, where in the band-diagram, these traps (acceptors and donors) are located and how exactly they result in the degradation of the read speed and reliability with continued write cycling. Based on these insights, we move on show how engineering the interfacial layer and the ferroelectric grain structure can enable ultra-fast read-after write and write voltage and dramatic improvements in reliability and variation, towards achieving a high-density, ultra-high speed memory technology. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA), the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) - Global Research Collaboration (GRC) program, the Applications and Systems-Driven Center for Energy-Efficient Integrated Nano Technologies (ASCENT), one of six centers in the Joint University Microelectronics Program (JUMP), a SRC program sponsored by the DARPA, and an Intel Rising Star award. [1] Mikolajick, T., Schroeder, U. & Slesazeck, S. The past, the present, and the future of ferroelectric memories. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 67, 1434–1443 (2020). [2] Asif Islam Khan, Ali Keshavarzi, and Suman Datta. “The future of ferroelectric field-effect transistor technology." Nature Electronics 3.10 (2020): 588-597.

51 Background: The U. S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transitioned to a grade D recommendation against PSA screening for adult males in 2012. The impact of this recommendation against PSA screening on prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in contemporary cohorts is unknown. Our study evaluated PCSM between 1999-2019, comparing mortality rates before and after this change to screening guidelines. Methods: Age-adjusted PCSM rates per 100,000 men were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999 – 2019. Trends in PCSM rates from 1999 – 2012 and 2014 – 2019 were estimated using linear regression with year and binary indicator of pre-2013/post-2013 status as interaction terms. Age-adjusted rates of PCSM were calculated for men ≥50 years and by race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region. Similarly, age-adjusted rates of overall cancer mortality (exclusive of PCSM) were calculated. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to establish trends in PSA screening from 2001 – 2018. North American Association of Central Cancer Registries was used to determine age-adjusted incidence of localized and metastatic PC at the time of diagnosis from 1999 – 2017. Results: The age-adjusted PCSM rate in the U.S. decreased linearly at a rate of (-)0.28 per 100,000/year from 1999 – 2012 and subsequently stalled at a rate of no change from 2014 – 2019 (p < 0.001). This effect was particularly striking for men aged 60 – 69, men > 80 years, and Black men. Men aged 60 – 64 had a decreasing rate of (-)0.009 per 100,000/year prior to 2013, followed by a rise of (+)0.001 per 100,000/year (p < 0.001). Among Black men, PCSM rate was decreasing linearly at (-)0.700/100,000/year from 1999-2012 and flattened at a rate of (-)0.091/100,000/year from 2014-2019 (p < 0.001). These changes were seen across races, urbanization and census regions (p < 0.001) and were accompanied by decreases in PSA screening (p = 0.02) together with increases in diagnosis of metastatic disease. These trends were inconsistent with mortality trends observed across all malignancies. Conclusions: Using comprehensive data on PCSM through 2019, this study illustrates decreasing PCSM over time which flattened or increased following the 2012 change in USPSTF guideline, along with a decrease in PSA screening. The change in PCSM was seen in all ages, races, ethnicities, urbanization and census regions, but particularly in men from 60 – 69 and > 80 years old, and Black men. These changes were accompanied by increased diagnosis of metastatic PC and are discordant from trends across other malignancies. These findings suggest that the change in PSA screening guideline may have contributed to the stagnancy of PCSM rates in recent years. The updated 2018 USPSTF guideline supporting shared-decision making may reverse these trends over time.

BackgroundMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe hyperinflammatory response that develops against the background of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It is known that the clinical feature of MAS on biologic therapy has other clinical manifestations, different from biologically naive patients.ObjectivesTo study the clinical and laboratory features of macrophage activation syndrome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with systemic onset (sJIA) on the biologic therapy.MethodsThe study included 100 patients with MAS (114 cases of MAS) who observed in the rheumatological department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s health of Ministry of health. All patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of sJIA and MAS. There were children in our study who did not receive biologic therapy – 84 (74%) cases, and children who had MAS in the biologic therapy – 30 cases (26%). The drugs are distributed as follows: tocilizumab - 7 cases (6%), kanakinumab - 20 cases (17%), etanercept – 2 cases (2%), adalimumab – 1 case (1%). For pairwise intergroup comparisons of quantitative variables, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used.ResultsIn comparative analysis of biologic-naive and on biologic patients, the greatest differences were obtained for the following clinical manifestations: rash, lymphadenopathy, myalgia (p<0.05). Fever was the most common symptom in both groups and was present in almost all patients (99%). All patients had elevated level of ferritin in the blood serum (773 ng/ml to 130149 ng/ml). Laboratory picture of MAS in the group of on biologic patients differed significantly from the group of patients naive for biologic therapy (Table 1). The most significant differences were found among the following laboratory parameters: hemoglobin level, the number of erythrocytes and platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), levels of C-raective protein (CRP), ferritin, lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), albumin.Table 1.Laboratory data of patients with MAS.nReference valuesMedianMinimumMaximumMann-Whitney Criterion (p)Biologic-naive cases of MAS(n= 84)Hemoglobin, g/l84120-14596,5061,00145,000,008Red blood cells, 1012/l844,5-5,33,782,135,010,001Platelets, 109/l84150-440149,0041,00523,000,025White blood cells, 109/l844,5-11,54,420,6925,840,074ESR, mm/h842-2045,002,00111,000,001CRP, mg/l840-5111,567,54368,310,006Ferritin, ng/ml8414-1244195,21702,38130149,200,022LDH, U/l8491-295413,50162,005245,000,059Albumin, g/l8438-5429,0016,1063,000,001On biologic cases of MAS(n = 30)Hemoglobin, g/l30120-145104,5067,00163,000,008Red blood cells, 1012/l304,5-5,34,173,106,150,001Platelets, 109/l30150-440101,504,00362,000,025White blood cells, 109/l304,5-11,53,220,7015,580,074ESR, mm/h302-2017,502,0098,000,001CRP, mg/l300-555,771,86407,120,006Ferritin, ng/ml3014-1242319,59773,90121396,000,022LDH, U/l3091-295600,0010,602148,570,059Albumin, g/l3038-5432,8020,3051,900,001ConclusionOn biologic patients may also develop MAS, which is often difficult to diagnose due to the poor clinical picture and low laboratory activity. In this case, hyperferritinemia remains as a highly specific marker of MAS.References[1]Crayne CB, Albeituni S, Nichols KE, Cron RQ. The Immunology of Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 1;10:119. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00119. PMID: 30774631; PMCID: PMC6367262.[2]Henderson LA, Cron RQ. Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Childhood Inflammatory Disorders: Diagnosis and Management. Paediatr Drugs. 2020 Feb;22(1):29-44. doi:10.1007/s40272-019-00367-1. PMID: 31732958; PMCID: PMC7334831.[3]Ravelli A, Davì S, Minoia F, Martini A, Cron RQ. Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015 Oct;29(5):927-41. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Aug 25 PMID: 26461152Disclosure of InterestsIvan Kriulin Speakers bureau: Speaker for Novartis., Ekaterina Alexeeva Speakers bureau: Speaker for Roche, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers, Squibb, MSD, Novartis and Pfizer., Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Roche, Pfizer, Centocor, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Sanofi, Amgen and Novartis., Tatyana Dvoryakovskaya Speakers bureau: Speaker for Roche, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers, Squibb, MSD, Novartis and Pfizer., Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Roche, Pfizer, Centocor, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Sanofi, Amgen and Novartis., Rina Denisova Speakers bureau: Speaker for Roche, AbbVie, MSD, Novartis., Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Roche, Pfizer, Centocor, Sanofi and Novartis., Ksenia Isaeva Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Roche, Novartis and Sanofi., Aleksandra Chomakhidze: None declared, Anna Mamutova Speakers bureau: Speaker for Novartis., Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Eli Lilly., Olga Lomakina Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Pfizer, Eli Lilly., Anna Fetisova Grant/research support from: Financial grants from Amgen., Marina Gautier: None declared, Kristina Chibisova: None declared, Elizaveta Krekhova Speakers bureau: Speaker for Novartis., Irina Tsulukiya: None declared

This study aims to analyze the level of psychological well-being of ex-drug addicted counselee in post-rehabilitation education. The study was conducted in 2 communities of post-rehabilitation education providers in Semarang city. The level of psychological well-being of 40 respondents was measured by filling in the 18-item psychological well-being scale developed by Ryff (r = 0.83; v = 0.97). Measurement includes indicators: (1) self-acceptance; (2) positive relationships with others; (3) autonomy; (4) environmental mastery; (5) purpose in life; and (6) personal growth. Hypothesis test results indicate that the level of psychological well-being of ex-drug addicted counselee in post-rehabilitation education is significantly greater or equal to 80 (t = 49,140; sig = 0,000). Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to further researchers to further explore certain differences in the level of psychological well-being of the counselee by the factors of age, demographics, educational background, and length of abstinence. In addition, further studies with a larger number of samples and questionnaire items are needed so that study results can be generalized to a wider population.Ardiantina, D. (2016). Studi Kasus Kehidupan Remaja Mantan Pecandu Narkoba. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 5(1), 1-12.Astuti, R., & Ismandari, F. (2014). Gambaran Umum Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Indonesia. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan. I, pp. 1-52. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI.Aztri, S., & Milla, M. N. (2013). Rasa Berharga Dan Pelajaran Hidup Mencegah Kekambuhan Kembali Pada Pecandu Narkoba Studi Kualitatif Fenomenologis. Jurnal Psikologi, 9(1), 48-63.Bhandari, S., Dahal, M., & Neupane, G. (2015). 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Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Sleep in Addicts under Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Research Papers, 1(2), 71-75.Fard, A. E., Rajabi, H., Delgoshad, A., Rad, S. A., & Akbari, S. (2014). The Possible Relationship between University Students' Personality Traits, Psychological Well-being and Addiction Potential. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 120-125.Garcia, D., Nima, A. A., & Kjell, O. N. (2014). The Affective Profiles, Psychological Well-Being, and Harmony: Environmental Mastery and Self-Acceptance Predict the Sense of a Harmonious Life. PeerJ, 1-21.Green, M., & Elliott, M. (2010). Religion, Health, and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Religion and Health, 49, 149-163.Greenfield, E., Vaillant, G., & Marks, N. (2009). Doformal religious participation and spiritual perceptions have independent linkages with diverse dimensions of psychological well-being? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50, 196–212.Haryadi, R. (2018). Prospek Konseling Komunitas bagi Individu Eks-Pecandu Narkoba (Studi Pada Lembaga Pasca-Rehabilitasi Narkoba Di Kota Semarang). Konseli (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling), 5(1), 73 - 84.Ibrahim, F., & Kumar, N. (2009). Factors Effecting Drug Relapse in Malaysia: An Empirical Evidence. Asian Social Science, 5(12), 37-44.Lindfors, P., Berntsson, L., & Lundberg, U. (2007). Total workload as related to psychological well-being and symptoms in full-time employed female and male white-collar workers. International Journal of Behavior and Medicine, 13, 131-137.Martin, R. A., MacKinnon, S., Johnson, J., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2011). Purpose in life predicts treatment outcome among adult cocaine abusers in treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 40, 183–188.Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advanced in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychoterapy and Psychosmoatics, 83, 10-28.Ryff, C. D., Love, G. D., Miyamoto, Y., Markus, H. R., Curhan, K. B., Kitayama, S., . . . Karasawa, M. (2014). Culture and the promotion of well-being in East and West: Understanding varieties of attunement to the surrounding context. In G. A. Fava, & C. Ruini, Increasing psychological well-being in clinical and education settings: Interventions and cultural contexts (Vol. 8th, pp. 1-19). New York: Springer.Schaefer, S. M., Boylan, J. M., Reekum, C. M., Lapate, R. C., Norris, C. J., Ryff, C. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Purpose in Life Predicts Better Emotional Recovery for Negative Stimuli. Plos ONE, 8(11), 1-9.Schwartz, R. P., Kelly, S. M., O’Grady, K. E., Mitchell, S. G., Peterson, J. A., Reisinger, H. S., . . . Brown, B. S. (2008). Attitudes toward buprenorphine and methadone among opioid-dependent individuals. American Journal of Addicton, 17, 396–401.Seligman, M. E. (2010). Flourish: Positive Psychology and Positive Intervention. Michigan: University of Michigan.Sharma, A. K., Upadhyaya, S. K., Bansal, P., Nijhawan, M., & Sharma, D. (2012). A Study of Factors Affecting Relapse in Substance Abuse. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2(1), 31-35.Siddiqui, S. (2015). Impact of self-efficacy on psychological well-being among undergraduate students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(3), 5-17.Strauser, D., Lustig, D., & Çıftçı, A. (2008). Psychological well-being: its relation to work personality, vocational identity, and career thoughts. Journal of Psychology, 142, 21–35.Vasquez, C., & Castilla, C. (2007). Emociones Positivas y Crecimiento Postraumatico en el Cancer de Mama. Psicooncologia, 4, 385-404.

The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). 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Background Chronic hemolysis is a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD). Intravascular hemolysis in particular is associated with severe vasculopathic complications including pulmonary hypertension (PH) and early mortality. Free heme causes oxidative damage and recently was identified as erythrocyte-derived Danger Associated Molecular Pattern (e-DAMP), associated with endothelial activation and vaso-occlusion in SCD (Belcher et al., Blood. 2014; Ghosh et al., J. Clin. Invest. 2013). Intravascular hemolysis is associated with elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Heme catabolism leads to endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production by heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), and CO is eliminated in exhaled breath. CO is transported primarily as the conjugate carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), and end-alveolar CO (EACO) is an accepted proxy marker for its concentration in blood. We evaluated several lab values and ratios that might reflect the relative contribution of intravascular heme release and overall heme processing. Methods We investigated the relationship between EACO, HbCO (NCT01547793, cohort A) and other biomarkers of hemolysis in adults with SCD at steady state as part of the clinical cohort at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (NCT00011648, cohort B). Of the patients included in the cohort B, all routine samples with results on HbCO were included in the analyses. In a subgroup of the cohort B with data available on HbCO, echocardiography and/or mortality, we evaluated the correlation between LDH/HbCO ratio and echocardiographic markers of PH and all-cause mortality (cohort C). Combining all recognized available markers for hemolysis (total bilirubin, AST, absolute reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, median LDH, median HbCO and LDH/HbCO ratio) in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for survival led to selection of a predictive model encompassing three biomarkers: LD/HbCO ratio, AST and hemoglobin. Of these three markers, the LD/HbCO ratio was the most predictive factor. We also conducted univariate correlations with clinical outcome indicators. Main findings Erythropoietic and hemolytic laboratory parameters of the cohorts are provided in Table 1. HbCO concentrations and EACO were strongly correlated (Pearson's correlation r=0.66, p<0.01). In both cohort A and cohort B, HbCO and EACO were not correlated to LDH. However, EACO and HbCO did correlate with absolute reticulocyte counts (respectively r=0.46, p<0.01 and r=0.58, p<0.01). The patients of cohort C were divided into low (peak TRV <2.5m/s, N=34), intermediate (peak TRV 2.5-3m/s, N=38) and high risk (peak TRV >=3.0m/s, N=13) categories, based upon prior cut-points determined by risk of development of PH and early mortality (Mehari A. et al. JAMA. 2012) (Figure 1, panel A). LDH/HbCO ratios were positively correlated with TRV (r=0.38, p<0.01), and were significantly higher in patients with TRV >=3.0m/s (Mann-Whitey U test; p=0.02). In contrast, LDH values alone were not discriminative. All patients (25/25) with a LDH/HbCO ratio <1,200 had a TRV <3.0m/s; 94% (15/16) of the patients with catheterization-proven PH had a LDH/HbCO ratio >1,200. In the intermediate risk subgroup, PH was only diagnosed in individuals with LDH/HbCO ratios exceeding 1,200. Median follow-up was 12.1 years (IQR 10.3; 16.3), 25% (23/91) of the patients died during follow-up. Five-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival in the group with LDH/HbCO ratio >1,200 were respectively 92.1%, 76.0% and 69.1%, whereas 5-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival in the group with LDH/HbCO ratio <1,200 were respectively 100%, 92.9% and 88.0% (Figure 1, panel B). LDH/HbCO ratios were associated with all-cause mortality in a Cox proportional hazards model (p<0.01) and remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality when adjusted for age, C-reactive protein and ferritin (p=0.02). LDH alone was not associated with all-cause mortality in the unadjusted analysis. Main conclusions A ratio of two readily available clinical laboratory markers, LDH and HbCO, is promising as a potential biomarker in SCD. Increased LDH/HbCO ratios are strongly associated with elevated TRV and all-cause mortality, and thereby might improve the individual risk prediction in SCD patients. These markers deserve additional validation in future prospective trials. Disclosures van Wijk: Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; RR Mechatronics: Research Funding. Minniti:Doris Duke Foundation: Research Funding. Kato:Novartis, Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding. van Beers:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; RR Mechatronics: Research Funding; Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Background: Although sleep has been identified as an important modifiable risk factor for sports injury, the effect of decreased sleep on sports injuries in adolescents is poorly studied. Purpose: To systematically review published literature to examine if a lack of sleep is associated with sports injuries in adolescents and to delineate the effects of chronic versus acute lack of sleep. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies reporting statistics regarding the relationship between sleep and sports injury in adolescents aged <19 years published between 1/1/1997 and 12/21/2017. From included studies, the following information was extracted: bibliographic and demographic information, reported outcomes related to injury and sleep, and definitions of injury and decreased sleep. Additionally, a NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) assessment and an evaluation of the OCEM (Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine) level of evidence for each study was conducted to assess each study’s individual risk of bias, and the risk of bias across all studies. Results: Of 907 identified articles, 7 met inclusion criteria. Five studies reported that adolescents who chronically slept poorly were at a significantly increased likelihood of experiencing a sports or musculoskeletal injury. Two studies reported on acute sleep behaviors. One reported a significant positive correlation between acutely poor sleep and injury, while the other study reported no significant correlation. In our random effects model, adolescents who chronically slept poorly were more likely to be injured than those who slept well (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.37, p = 0.03). OCEM criteria assessment showed that all but one study (a case-series) were of 2b level of evidence—which is the highest level of evidence possible for studies which were not randomized control trials or systematic reviews. NOS assessment was conducted for all six cohort studies to investigate each study’s individual risk of bias. Five out of six of these studies received between 4 to 6 stars, categorizing them as having a moderate risk of bias. One study received 7 stars, categorizing it as having a low risk of bias. NOS assessment revealed that the most consistent source of bias was in ascertainment of exposure: all studies relied on self-reported data regarding sleep hours rather than a medical or lab record of sleep hours. Conclusions: Chronic lack of sleep in adolescents is associated with greater risk of sports and musculoskeletal injuries. Current evidence cannot yet definitively determine the effect of acute lack of sleep on injury rates. 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Based on the data of daily maximum temperature in 26 meteorological stations in the North Center Region, Vietnam over the period of 1980 to 2013, the authors conducted the research on the spatial distribution of the number of hot days. The initial result shows that in general, in the north of the study area, the large number of hot days occurred in the plain, and tended to decrease westward and eastward. In the south, this number tends to increase from the west to the east. Especially, the largest number occurred in two areas: The Ma and Ca River's valleys (Thanh Hoa and Nghe An provinces) and the coastal areas (Thua Thien Hue province), creating two heat centers in Tuong Duong district, Nghe An province and Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province.ReferencesAdina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar, Antoniu-Flavius Ciupertea, Cristina FlorinaRosca, 2016 Changes in heat wave indices in Romania over the period 1961-2015. Global and Plantary Change 146. Journal homepage: www. 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The 19th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT-19) took place as part of THERMO International 2006, together with the 16th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties and the 61st Calorimetry Conference, from 30 July to 4 August 2006 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. Dr. W. M. Haynes was President of the Executive Board of THERMO International 2006, and Drs. M. Frenkel, R. D. Chirico, and J. W. Magee were the organizers of ICCT. Overall, 768 speakers submitted the abstracts of their presentations, including about 30 students and 11 exhibitors, from 62 countries (235 from North America, 341 from Europe, 76 from Japan, and 33 from China). About 65 % of the participants were from academia and 15 % from industry, with 20 % from governmental and international organizations.These individual conferences have an overlap of areas of interest, but this was the first time that they have been held jointly at the same site. This provided a unique opportunity for researchers and practitioners worldwide to meet and discuss a broad range of scientific problems in the fields of thermodynamics and thermophysical properties for a wide variety of systems, with applications in chemistry and other scientific and engineering disciplines.After the official opening ceremony, there was an invited keynote presentation by Prof. W. A. Wakeham from the University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, entitled "Thermophysical property measurements: The journey from accuracy to fitness for purpose". The Rossini Award lecture was given by Prof. A. Navrotsky on "Calorimetry of nanoparticles, surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and multilayers".The ICCT program consisted of nine symposia, some of which were held jointly with the other conferences. The plenary lecturers and invited speakers in these symposia, and the titles of the plenary lectures, were as follows:Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Thermodynamics: J. M. Prausnitz (plenary), "Some promising frontiers in the thermodynamics of protein solutions"; C. G. Panayiotou, P. R. Tremaine, and T. Kimura (invited)Ionic Liquids: K. Seddon (plenary); "The mark of an educated mind"; L. P. N. Rebelo and C. J. Peters (invited)Molecular Modelling, Including Simulation: D. Evans (plenary), "The fluctuation and non-equilibrium free energy theorems: Theory and experiment"; H. Tanaka, J. Errington, and A. Klamt (invited)Thermochemistry and Molecular Energetics: J. A. de Sousa Martinho Simões (plenary), "Energetics of free radicals: Bridges between gas-phase and solution data"; W. E. Acree, Jr. and J. S. Chickos (invited)Thermodynamics and Properties in the Biological, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Agricultural, and Food Sectors: P. L. Privalov (plenary), "Thermodynamic problems in structural molecular biology"; J. M. Sanchez-Ruiz and H. H. Klump (invited)Databases, Data Systems, Software Applications, and Correlations: M. Satyro (plenary), "Life, data and everything"; R. L. Rowley and R. Sass (invited)Phase Equilibrium, Supercritical Fluids, and Separation Technologies: S. Sandler (plenary), "Computational quantum mechanics: An under-utilized tool for applied thermodynamics"; L. F. Vega and R. P. Danner (invited)Colloid and Interface Science: L. Piculell (plenary), "Controlling structure in associating polymer-surfactant mixtures"; H. K. Yan and K. Lohner (invited)New Materials: V. K. Pecharsky (plenary), "Structure, mechanism, and thermodynamics of novel rare-earth-based inter-metallic materials"; C. Staudt-Bickel and J. Pons (invited)The plenary lectures, with the exception of the lecture by Prof. K. Seddon, are published in this issue.There were workshops on New Experimental Techniques, with Profs. C. Schick and J. P. M. Trusler as invited speakers, on Properties and Processes for a Hydrogen-Based Economy, where Prof. C. J. Peters was the invited speaker, and on Thermodynamic Frontiers and Education, with Profs. R. N. Lichtenthaler and R. Battino as invited speakers.In addition, there was a workshop on the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydration (with Prof. V. Majer as invited speaker), software demonstrations, and two afternoon poster sessions, with over 400 posters. The sessions were held in the well-appointed Stadium Club, against the beautiful backdrop of the Flatirons to the west and the plains stretching across to the east. IUPAC had donated three poster prizes, a framed certificate signed by IUPAC President Brian Henry, a copy of the IUPAC "Gold Book" and a two-year subscription to Chemistry International. These were awarded to Martinez-Herrera Melchor (Mexico), Lisa Ott (USA), and Isabel Marrucho (Spain).Doctorate awards were presented by the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics (IACT), with sponsorship from Elsevier. The four recipients were M. Fulem (Prague, Czech Republic), Y. U. Paulechka (Minsk, Belarus), E. Asabina (Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation), and J. Xu (Trondheim, Norway). They each received a certificate, plus a cash prize of $500, and presented their papers at the conference.All the lectures demonstrated how chemical thermodynamics is making, and will continue to make, very significant contributions to the rapidly developing interdisciplinary fields such as the life sciences, new materials, medicine and pharmacy, new energy resources, the environment, separation technologies, agriculture, green chemistry, and so on. These are all extremely important issues for scientists worldwide, and particularly for those who are in developing or economically disadvantaged countries. The opportunity for face-to-face discussion and communication with scientists from developed countries was a great benefit, which will lead to further research and improved education.The weather was most pleasant for the conference. This, together with the attractive setting of the campus, the welcoming reception, the conference banquet at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the high standard of the presentations, made this a memorable conference. In addition, there was a full program of tours for accompanying persons, which included a visit to the mile-high city (Denver). Our thanks are extended to the Conference Chair and Co-chairs, and to all members of the local Organizing Committee, the members of the International Advisory Committee, and the members of the International Scientific Committee. We are most grateful to IUPAC, the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Elsevier, Honeywell, and Mettler Toledo for sponsoring THERMO International 2006.Thermodynamics will continue to be an important area of research for many years to come, with a wide range of applications from chemical engineering to the biosciences. We look forward to the presentation and discussion of the results of further advances in chemical thermodynamics at the next ICCT, which will take place in Warsaw, Poland in August 2008.John H. DymondConference Editor

The Covid-19 pandemic had a dangerous impact on early-childhood education, lost learning in almost all aspects of child development. The house-to-house learning, with the name Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), is an attractive offer as an emergency remote teaching solution. This study aims to describe the application of MHLP designed by early-childhood education institutions during the learning process at home. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The respondents involved in the interview were a kindergarten principal and four teachers. The research data were analyzed using the data content analysis. The Findings show that the MHLP has proven to be sufficiently in line with the learning needs of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although, the application of the MHLP learning model has limitations such as the distance from the house that is far away, the number of meetings that are only once a week, the number of food and toy sellers passing by, disturbing children's concentration, and the risk of damage to goods at home. The implication of this research can be the basis for evaluating MHLP as an adaptive strategy that requires the attention of related parties, including policy makers, school principals, and teachers for the development of new, more effective online learning models. Keywords: Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), Children Remote Teaching References:Abdollahi, E., Haworth-Brockman, M., Keynan, Y., Langley, M. J., & Oghadas, S. M. (2020). Simulating the effect of school closure during COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario , Canada. BMC Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01705-8 Arends, R. I., & Kilcher, A. (2010). 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Introduction Pregnancy in sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with an exacerbation of SCD-related complications and an increased risk of maternal complications. The increased risk is partly due to physiologic adaptations in pregnancy, which include increased metabolic demands and a hypercoagulable state. The maternal death rate for SCD is 629 per 100,000 deliveries, compared to 12 per 100,000 deliveries in black women and 6 per 100,000 deliveries in the general population (Raider et al., 2016). Studies on maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients with SCD present inconsistent and conflicting results. Some studies have reported an increase in maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia, acute chest syndrome and thromboembolic events, while other studies have reported no significant risk in adverse maternal outcomes. The inconsistent findings reported in prior studies may be attributed to small sample sizes and single-centered sites. Our study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of maternal morbidity among participants enrolled in the SCD Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry, which is the largest, most geographically diverse SCD participant sample in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional study included women enrolled in the SCDIC registry who had at least one pregnancy event. The SCDIC is composed of eight academic SCD centers across the United States and one data-coordinating center. Participants were enrolled in the SCDIC registry if they were 18 to 45 years of age and had a confirmed diagnosis of SCD. Enrolled participants completed a series of surveys that collected sociodemographic information, SCD and pregnancy history and data abstractions of participants' medical records was completed. Medical complications queried during pregnancy included: vaso-occlusive episodes, acute chest syndrome, blood transfusion requirement, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes and deep venous thrombosis. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, clinical and maternal characteristics was conducted. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and logistic regressions, as appropriate. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Results The study sample included 743 women who had at least one pregnancy event, and a total of 1066 live births. Almost all women (96.3%) were African American, with a median age of 21 years (inter-quartile range of 19 to 23 years) at first birth. The majority had Hb SS SCD genotype (69.5%; 513 of the 738 with SCD genotype data). Of all reported pregnancies, participants did not use hydroxyurea during conception (78%), and pregnancy (84.5%). Only 2.7 % of the women reported using fertility drugs or assisted reproductive procedures. Seventy five percent of the pregnancies that ended in live births had maternal complications. The leading complications were vaso-occlusive episodes (61.2%), pregnancy requiring blood transfusion(s) (33.2%), preeclampsia (15.4%), deep venous thrombosis (5.6%) and acute chest syndrome (7.7%). When the pregnancies were stratified by SCD genotype, women with Hb SS had a higher occurrence of acute chest syndrome (63.4% vs. 26.7%), transfusion requirement (70.8% vs. 21%) and preeclampsia (66.7% vs 22.4%). In the univariate logistic regressions, multiparous women, with a history of adverse maternal outcomes in a previous pregnancy, had higher odds of vaso-occlusive episodes (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 2.42-4.94) acute chest syndrome (OR:4.99; 95% CI:2.56- 9.48), transfusion requirement (OR:3.86; 95% CI:2.64- 5.69), and pre-eclampsia (OR:3.36; 95% CI:2.05-5.45). Conclusion In this large multicenter registry, we found pregnant women with SCD have significant maternal complications. Early antenatal care by healthcare providers knowledgeable about risk factors for adverse maternal outcomes in SCD is essential improve maternal and fetal outcomes and reduce the maternal death rate for SCD. Disclosures Hankins: Novartis: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; MJH Life Sciences: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; UptoDate: Consultancy; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Honoraria, Research Funding; LINKS Incorporate Foundation: Research Funding; American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology: Honoraria. Treadwell:Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; UpToDate: Honoraria. King:Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bioline: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Cell Works: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Magenta Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novimmune: Research Funding; RiverVest: Consultancy; Tioma Therapuetics: Consultancy; WUGEN: Current equity holder in private company. Gordeuk:CSL Behring: Consultancy, Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Imara: Research Funding; Ironwood: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy. Kanter:SCDAA Medical and Research Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AGIOS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BEAM: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy; GLG: Honoraria; Jeffries: Honoraria; Cowen: Honoraria; Wells Fargo: Honoraria; NHLBI Sickle Cell Advisory Board: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Medscape: Honoraria; Guidepoint Global: Honoraria; bluebird bio, inc: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy. Glassberg:Pfizer: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; Eli Lilly and Company: Research Funding. Shah:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Self-regulation in children is an important thing that needs to be prepared from an early age. Besides affecting children's school readiness, this also makes it easier for children to have good academic achievements. This study aims to determine the influence of moving to the beat of early childhood self-regulation. This research was conducted on kindergarten group B students in East Jakarta. The research method used is a quasi-experiment method with a sample of 20 students. The data collection technique uses observations by analysing paired t-test statistical data. The results of the study explained that there was a significant effect of moving to the beat of early childhood self-regulation. The significance level is 0.000 < 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, this indicates a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test. For further research, it is recommended to look at the influence of other factors on early childhood self-regulation. 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Introduction: this article deals with the problem of forming the readiness of future police officers for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment in the educational process of a departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Analyzed the theoretical and methodological approaches to this problem. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of V.G. Afanasyev, I.V. Blauberg, B.F. Lomov about the systems approach and systems analysis as a direction of the methodology of scientific knowledge and social practice, which is based on consideration of the process of forming the readiness of cadets for interpersonal interaction as a system. Fundamental principles of the theory of activity (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein) and their application in the concepts of educational and professional activities in higher education. The concept of the activity-competence approach in the development and implementation of educational programs of higher education focused on modern GEF (TP Afanasyev, E.V. Karavaeva, A.Sh. Kanukoeva, etc.). The analysis of the literature on the influence of the educational environment made it possible to determine the nature of the educational environment of a departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the present stage of development of education as multinational, this is evidenced by the geography and number of students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign citizens. The departmental institution of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia takes as a basis the generally accepted individual, national, all-Russian and world psychological and pedagogical tendencies of the development of the personal functional. In this regard, in our study, we consider interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment as a multifactorial psychological and pedagogical phenomenon, which consists of various forms and methods in a particular territorial unit, taking into account the dialogue, equality and, at the same time, the diversity of interpersonal interaction. The introduction of ethnopedagogical knowledge into the content of education is for future law enforcement officers a special element of the process of preparing for interpersonal communication, which is formed on the basis of an analysis of the general and particular in the life of another nation, an objective assessment of the phenomena of social life. In the wake of V.I. Mathis, the study actualizes the need to include multicultural aspects in the content of the educational process, which will ensure the preservation of the cultural identity of the individual in a multi-ethnic society, foster a culture of interpersonal communication. The peculiarity of the research is the understanding of interpersonal communication in a multinational environment as a universal value, ensuring social cooperation and partnership of subjects of interpersonal interaction; the current content and continuous updating of the educational environment on the basis of the integrated integration of humanitarian and professional components of educational programs and the intensification of the life of the cadets; the activities of teachers aimed at supporting and maintaining the cadets in a multinational educational environment, ensuring its updating and relevance of informational and functional content, monitoring the effectiveness of the educational process. Attention is drawn to the features of the educational environment of the departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Attention is focused on the main components of readiness for interpersonal interaction in an inter-ethnic environment. The content of the components of the readiness of students for interpersonal interaction is described. Materials and methods: a descriptive model of the formation of readiness for interpersonal communication in a multinational environment is presented. The basic components of which are: the target, where the goal and the main tasks of the educational process are revealed; diagnostic result - the results of monitoring work. Discloses the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the proposed model. The leading pedagogical conditions aimed at the organization of the educational environment, including the activities of faculty members, are as follows: the inclusion of ethno-pedagogical knowledge in the content of the disciplines of basic and variable blocks of the curriculum; introduction of active and interactive forms of conducting classes, ensuring the development of cognitive interest in the study of problems of interpersonal communication in a multinational environment; the organization of research work taking into account ethnopedagogical knowledge, including the organization of work of scientific circles; implementation of situational tasks in the process of conducting all types of practices; organization of assistance in the preparation of the activities of students in the composition of the Council of students; organization of educational work. on the basis of the Center of professional and moral education of cadets of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; organization of interaction on issues of readiness for interpersonal communication directly with representatives of internal affairs bodies; providing control through pedagogical monitoring. In accordance with the selected components of student readiness for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment, diagnostic tools have been developed: («Study of the motivation of learning in high school» (T. I. Ilyina), «Тypes of ethnic identity» by G. U. Soldatovа, «Orientation of personality in communication» (S. L. Bratchenko), «Methods of determining the level of reflexivity» (by V. Ponomareva). Results: the obtained data of a comparative analysis of the results of monitoring work for the 2016/2017 academic year and the 2017/2018 academic year. y on the basis of FGKOU HE "Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation," show that the implemented model and the developed pedagogical conditions correspond to the stated goals and objectives of the study and allow you to effectively prepare students for interpersonal interaction in a multinational environment. Discussion and Conclusions: the implementation of modern education strategies and the tasks of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, protecting the rule of law, and combating crime is impossible without effective interpersonal communication in a multi-ethnic environment. Ethnopedagogical knowledge solves the problem of cross-cultural communication, the formation of readiness for interpersonal communication, as well as orienting to identify common spiritual sources of various nations, but emphasizes that the multinational dialogue forms a focus on common human values and national self-consciousness in order to implement the main directions of the police, ensuring national security of the state.

Hamsters were exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) in drinking water for 6 days. Equal amounts of proteins from urinary bladder or liver extracts of control and arsenic-treated hamsters were labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes, respectively. After differential in gel electrophoresis and analysis by the DeCyder software, several protein spots were found to be down-regulated and several were up regulated. Our experiments indicated that in the bladder tissues of hamsters exposed to arsenite, transgelin was down-regulated and GST-pi was up-regulated. The loss of transgelin expression has been reported to be an important early event in tumor progression and a diagnostic marker for cancer development [29-32]. Down-regulation of transgelin expression may be associated with the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in the urinary bladder. In the liver of arsenite-treated hamsters, ornithine aminotransferase was up-regulated, and senescence marker protein 30 and fatty acid binding protein were down-regulated. The volume ratio changes of these proteins in the bladder and liver of hamsters exposed to arsenite were significantly different than that of control hamsters. Introduction Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause cancer of the skin, lungs, urinary bladder, kidneys, and liver [1-6]. The molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenicity and toxicity of inorganic arsenic are not well understood [7-9). Humans chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic excrete MMA(V), DMA(V) and the more toxic +3 oxidation state arsenic biotransformants MMA(III) and DMA (III) in their urine [10, 11], which are carcinogen [12]· After injection of mice with sodium arsenate, the highest concentrations of the very toxic MMA(III) and DMA(III) were in the kidneys and urinary bladder tissue, respectively, as shown by experiments of Chowdhury et al [13]. Many mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity have been suggested [1, 7, 14] including chromosome abnormalities [15], oxidative stress [16, 17], altered growth factors [18], cell proliferation [19], altered DNA repair [20], altered DNA methylation patterns [21], inhibition of several key enzymes [22], gene amplification [23] etc. Some of these mechanisms result in alterations in protein expression. Methods for analyzing multiple proteins have advanced greatly in the last several years. In particularly, mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) are used to analyze peptides following protein isolation using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and proteolytic digestion [24]. In the present study, Differential In Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been used to study some of the proteomic changes in the urinary bladder and liver of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite in their drinking water. Our results indicated that transgelin was down-regulated and GST-pi was up-regulated in the bladder tissues. In the liver tissues ornithine aminotransferase was up-regulated, and senescence marker protein 30, and fatty acid binding protein were down-regulated. Materials and Methods Chemicals Tris, Urea, IPG strips, IPG buffer, CHAPS, Dry Strip Cover Fluid, Bind Silane, lodoacetamide, Cy3 and Cy5 were from GE Healthcare (formally known as Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden). Thiourea, glycerol, SDS, DTT, and APS were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glycine was from USB (Cleveland, OH, USA). Acrylamide Bis 40% was from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). All other chemicals and biochemicals used were of analytical grade. All solutions were made with Milli-Q water. Animals Male hamsters (Golden Syrian), 4 weeks of age, were purchased from Harlan Sprague Dawley, USA. Upon arrival, hamsters were acclimated in the University of Arizona animal care facility for at least 1 week and maintained in an environmentally controlled animal facility operating on a 12-h dark/12-h light cycle and at 22-24°C. They were provided with Teklad (Indianapolis, IN) 4% Mouse/Rat Diet # 7001 and water, ad libitum, throughout the acclimation and experimentation periods. Sample preparation and labelling Hamsters were exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg) in drinking water for 6 days and the control hamsters were given tap water. On the 6th day hamsters were decapitated rapidly by guillotine. Urinary bladder tissues and liver were removed, blotted on tissue papers (Kimtech Science, Precision Wipes), and weighed. Hamster urinary bladder or liver tissues were homogenized in lysis buffer (30mMTris, 2M thiourea, 7M urea, and 4% w/w CHAPS adjusted to pH 8.5 with dilute HCI), at 4°C using a glass homogenizer and a Teflon coated steel pestle; transferred to a 5 ml acid-washed polypropylene tube, placed on ice and sonicated 3 times for 15 seconds. The sonicate was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. Small aliquots of the supernatants were stored at -80°C until use (generally within one week). Protein concentration was determined by the method of Bradford [25] using bovine serum albumin as a standard. Fifty micrograms of lysate protein was labeled with 400 pmol of Cy3 Dye (for control homogenate sample) and Cy5 Dye (for arsenic-treated urinary bladder or liver homogenate sample). The samples containing proteins and dyes were incubated for 30 min on ice in the dark. To stop the labeling reaction, 1uL of 10 mM lysine was added followed by incubation for 10 min on ice in the dark. To each of the appropriate dye-labeled protein samples, an additional 200 ug of urinary bladderor liver unlabeled protein from control hamster sample or arsenic-treated hamster sample was added to the appropriate sample. Differentially labeled samples were combined into a single Microfuge tube (total protein 500 ug); protein was mixed with an equal volume of 2x sample buffer [2M thiourea, 7M urea, pH 3-10 pharmalyte for isoelectric focusing 2% (v/v), DTT 2% (w/v), CHAPS 4% (w/v)]; and was incubated on ice in the dark for 10 min. The combined samples containing 500 ug of total protein were mixed with rehydration buffer [CHAPS 4% (w/v), 8M urea, 13mM DTT, IPG buffer (3-10) 1% (v/v) and trace amount of bromophenol blue]. The 450 ul sample containing rehydration buffer was slowly pipetted into the slot of the ImmobilinedryStripReswelling Tray and any large bubbles were removed. The IPG strip (linear pH 3-10, 24 cm) was placed (gel side down) into the slot, covered with drystrip cover fluid (Fig. 1), and the lid of the Reswelling Tray was closed. The ImmobillineDryStrip was allowed to rehydrate at room temperature for 24 hours. First dimension Isoelectric focusing (IEF) The labeled sample was loaded using the cup loading method on universal strip holder. IEF was then carried out on EttanIPGphor II using multistep protocol (6 hr @ 500 V, 6 hr @ 1000 V, 8 hr @ 8000 V). The focused IPG strip was equilibrated in two steps (reduction and alkylation) by equilibrating the strip for 10 min first in 10 ml of 50mM Tris (pH 8.8), 6M urea, 30% (v/v) glycerol, 2% (w/v) SDS, and 0.5% (w/v) DTT, followed by another 10 min in 10 ml of 50mM Tris (pH 8.8), 6M urea, 30% (v/v) glycerol, 2% (w/v) SDS, and 4.5% (w/v) iodoacetamide to prepare it for the second dimension electrophoresis. Second dimension SDS-PAGE The equilibrated IPG strip was used for protein separation by 2D-gel electrophoresis (DIGE). The strip was sealed at the top of the acrylamide gel for the second dimension (vertical) (12.5% polyacrylamide gel, 20x25 cm x 1.5 mm) with 0.5% (w/v) agarose in SDS running buffer [25 mMTris, 192 mM Glycine, and 0.1% (w/v) SDS]. Electrophoresis was performed in an Ettan DALT six electrophoresis unit (Amersham Biosciences) at 1.5 watts per gel, until the tracking dye reached the anodic end of the gel. Image analysis and post-staining The gel then was imaged directly between glass plates on the Typhoon 9410 variable mode imager (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) using optimal excitation/emission wavelength for each DIGE fluor: Cy3 (532/580 nm) and Cy5 (633/670 nm). The DIGE images were previewed and checked with Image Quant software (GE Healthcare) where all the two separate gel images could be viewed as a single gel image. DeCyde v.5.02 was used to analyze the DIGE images as described in the Ettan DIGE User Manual (GE Healthcare). The appropriate up-/down regulated spots were filtered based on an average volume ratio of ± over 1.2 fold. After image acquisition, the gel was fixed overnight in a solution containing 40% ethanol and 10% acetic acid. The fixed gel was stained with SyproRuby (BioRad) according to the manufacturer protocol (Bio-Rad Labs., 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547). Identification of proteins by MS Protein spot picking and digestion Sypro Ruby stained gels were imaged using an Investigator ProPic and HT Analyzer software, both from Genomic Solutions (Ann Arbor, MI). Protein spots of interest that matched those imaged using the DIGE Cy3/Cy5 labels were picked robotically, digested using trypsin as described previously [24] and saved for mass spectrometry identification. Liquid chromatography (LC)- MS/MS analysis LC-MS/MS analyses were carried out using a 3D quadrupole ion trap massspectrometer (ThermoFinnigan LCQ DECA XP PLUS; ThermoFinnigan, San Jose, CA) equipped with a Michrom Paradigm MS4 HPLC (MichromBiosources, Auburn, CA) and a nanospray source, or with a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan LTQ), also equipped with a Michrom MS4 HPLC and a nanospray source. Peptides were eluted from a 15 cm pulled tip capillary column (100 um I.D. x 360 um O.D.; 3-5 um tip opening) packed with 7 cm Vydac C18 (Vydac, Hesperia, CA) material (5 µm, 300 Å pore size), using a gradient of 0-65% solvent B (98% methanol/2% water/0.5% formic acid/0.01% triflouroacetic acid) over a 60 min period at a flow rate of 350 nL/min. The ESI positive mode spray voltage was set at 1.6 kV, and the capillary temperature was set at 200°C. Dependent data scanning was performed by the Xcalibur v 1.3 software on the LCQ DECA XP+ or v 1.4 on the LTQ [27], with a default charge of 2, an isolation width of 1.5 amu, an activation amplitude of 35%, activation time of 50 msec, and a minimal signal of 10,000 ion counts (100 ion counts on the LTQ). Global dependent data settings were as follows: reject mass width of 1.5 amu, dynamic exclusion enabled, exclusion mass width of 1.5 amu, repeat count of 1, repeat duration of a min, and exclusion duration of 5 min. Scan event series were included one full scan with mass range of 350-2000 Da, followed by 3 dependent MS/MS scans of the most intense ion. Database searching Tandem MS spectra of peptides were analyzed with Turbo SEQUEST, version 3.1 (ThermoFinnigan), a program that allows the correlation of experimental tandem MS data with theoretical spectra generated from known protein sequences. All spectra were searched against the latest version of the non redundant protein database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI 2006; at that time, the database contained 3,783,042 entries). Statistical analysis The means and standard error were calculated. The Student's t-test was used to analyze the significance of the difference between the control and arsenite exposed hamsters. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The reproducibility was confirmed in separate experiments. Results Analysis of proteins expression After DIGE (Fig. 1), the gel was scanned by a Typhoon Scanner and the relative amount of protein from sample 1 (treated hamster) as compared to sample 2 (control hamster) was determined (Figs. 2, 3). A green spot indicates that the amount of protein from sodium arsenite-treated hamster sample was less than that of the control sample. A red spot indicates that the amount of protein from the sodium arsenite-treated hamster sample was greater than that of the control sample. A yellow spot indicates sodium arsenite-treated hamster and control hamster each had the same amount of that protein. Several protein spots were up-regulated (red) or down-regulated (green) in the urinary bladder samples of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) for 6 days as compared with the urinary bladder of controls (Fig. 2). In the case of liver, several protein spots were also over-expressed (red) or under-expressed (green) for hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) in drinking water for 6 days (Fig. 3). The urinary bladder samples were collected from the first and second experiments in which hamsters were exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) in drinking water for 6 days and the controls were given tap water. The urinary bladder samples from the 1st and 2nd experiments were run 5 times in DIGE gels on different days. The protein expression is shown in Figure 2 and Table 1. The liver samples from the 1st and 2nd experiments were also run 3 times in DIGE gels on different days. The proteins expression were shown in Figure 3 and Table 2. The volume ratio changed of the protein spots in the urinary bladder and liver of hamsters exposed to arsenite were significantly differences than that of the control hamsters (Table 1 and 2). Protein spots identified by LC-MS/MS Bladder The spots of interest were removed from the gel, digested, and their identities were determined by LC-MS/MS (Fig. 2 and Table 1). The spots 1, 2, & 3 from the gel were analyzed and were repeated for the confirmation of the results (experiments; 173 mg As/L). The proteins for the spots 1, 2, and 3 were identified as transgelin, transgelin, and glutathione S-transferase Pi, respectively (Fig. 2). Liver We also identified some of the proteins in the liver samples of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) in drinking water for 6 days (Fig. 3). The spots 4, 5, & 6 from the gels were analyzed and were repeated for the confirmation of the results. The proteins for the spots 4, 5, and 6 were identified as ornithine aminotransferase, senescence marker protein 30, and fatty acid binding protein, respectively (Fig. 3) Discussion The identification and functional assignment of proteins is helpful for understanding the molecular events involved in disease. Weexposed hamsters to sodium arsenite in drinking water. Controls were given tap water. DIGE coupled with LC-MS/MS was then used to study the proteomic change in arsenite-exposed hamsters. After electrophoresis DeCyder software indicated that several protein spots were down-regulated (green) and several were up-regulated (red). Our overall results as to changes and functions of the proteins we have studied are summarized in Table 3. Bladder In the case of the urinary bladder tissue of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite (173 mg As/L) in drinking water for 6 days, transgelin was down-regulated and GST-pi was up-regulated. This is the first evidence that transgelin is down-regulated in the bladders of animals exposed to sodium arsenite. Transgelin, which is identical to SM22 or WS3-10, is an actin cross linking/gelling protein found in fibroblasts and smooth muscle [28, 29]. It has been suggested that the loss of transgelin expression may be an important early event in tumor progression and a diagnostic marker for cancer development [30-33]. It may function as a tumor suppressor via inhibition of ARA54 (co-regulator of androgen receptor)-enhanced AR (androgen receptor) function. Loss of transgelin and its suppressor function in prostate cancer might contribute to the progression of prostate cancer [30]. Down-regulation of transgelin occurs in the urinary bladders of rats having bladder outlet obstruction [32]. Ras-dependent and Ras-independent mechanisms can cause the down regulation of transgelin in human breast and colon carcinoma cell lines and patient-derived tumorsamples [33]. Transgelin plays a role in contractility, possibly by affecting the actin content of filaments [34]. In our experiments loss of transgelin expression may be associated or preliminary to bladder cancer due to arsenic exposure. Arsenite is a carcinogen [1]. In our experiments, LC-MS/MS analysis showed that two spots (1 and 2) represent transgelin (Fig. 2 and Table 1). In human colonic neoplasms there is a loss of transgelin expression and the appearance of transgelin isoforms (31). GST-pi protein was up-regulated in the bladders of the hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite. GSTs are a large family of multifunctional enzymes involved in the phase II detoxification of foreign compounds [35]. The most abundant GSTS are the classes alpha, mu, and pi classes [36]. They participate in protection against oxidative stress [37]. GST-omega has arsenic reductase activity [38]. Over-expression of GST-pi has been found in colon cancer tissues [39]. Strong expression of GST-pi also has been found in gastric cancer [40], malignant melanoma [41], lung cancer [42], breast cancer [43] and a range of other human tumors [44]. GST-pi has been up-regulated in transitional cell carcinoma of human urinary bladder [45]. Up-regulation of glutathione – related genes and enzyme activities has been found in cultured human cells by sub lethal concentration of inorganic arsenic [46]. There is evidence that arsenic induces DNA damage via the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) [47]. GST-pi may be over-expressed in the urinary bladder to protect cells against arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Liver In the livers of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite, ornithine amino transferase was over-expressed, senescence marker protein 30 was under-expressed, and fatty acid binding protein was under-expressed. Ornithine amino transferase has been found in the mitochondria of many different mammalian tissues, especially liver, kidney, and small intestine [48]. Ornithine amino transferase knockdown inhuman cervical carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells by RNA interference blocks cell division and causes cell death [49]. It has been suggested that ornithine amino transferase has a role in regulating mitotic cell division and it is required for proper spindle assembly in human cancer cells [49]. Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) is a unique enzyme that hydrolyzes diisopropylphosphorofluoridate. SMP30, which is expressed mostly in the liver, protects cells against various injuries by stimulating membrane calcium-pump activity [50]. SMP30 acts to protect cells from apoptosis [51]. In addition it protects the liver from toxic agents [52]. The livers of SMP30 knockout mice accumulate phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin [53]. Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) also was down- regulated. Decreased liver fatty acid-binding capacity and altered liver lipid distribution hasbeen reported in mice lacking the L-FABP gene [54]. High levels of saturated, branched-chain fatty acids are deleterious to cells and animals, resulting in lipid accumulation and cytotoxicity. The expression of fatty acid binding proteins (including L-FABP) protected cells against branched-chain saturated fatty acid toxicity [55]. Limitations: we preferred to study the pronounced spots seen in DIGE gels. Other spots were visible but not as pronounced. Because of limited funds, we did not identify these others protein spots. In conclusion, urinary bladders of hamsters exposed to sodium arsenite had a decrease in the expression of transgelin and an increase in the expression of GST-pi protein. Under-expression of transgelin has been found in various cancer systems and may be associated with arsenic carcinogenicity [30-33). Inorganic arsenic exposure has resulted in bladder cancer as has been reported in the past [1]. Over-expression of GST-pi may protect cells against oxidative stress caused by arsenite. In the liver OAT was up regulated and SMP-30 and FABP were down regulated. These proteomic results may be of help to investigators studying arsenic carcinogenicity. The Superfund Basic Research Program NIEHS Grant Number ES 04940 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences supported this work. Additional support for the mass spectrometry analyses was provided by grants from NIWHS ES06694, NCI CA023074 and the BIOS Institute of the University of Arizona. Acknowledgement The Author wants to dedicate this paper to the memory of his former supervisor Dr. H. VaskenAposhian who passed away in September 6, 2019. He was an emeritus professor of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Arizona. 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Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) mortality is about 50–60%; acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most common cause, representing the 81%. There are related risk factors for the occurrence of CS in this vulnerable population, yet, data in these patients is scarce and compels us to identify specific risk factors and treatments to improve their prognosis. Purpose To identify the differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics, management strategies and outcomes, by evaluating etiology and risk factors, in order to predict mortality in this setting. Methods 255 women were included, CS was defined by: systolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg, need of vasopressors, cardiac index &lt;2.2 L/min/m2, or blood lactate ≥2 mmol/L. Categorical variables were analyzed using X2; continuum data with U-Mann-Whitney; logistic regression for in-hospital mortality was constructed and KM curves were performed against SCAI and CARDSHOCK scores. Results In the current cohort, we found that classic risk factors are associated with AMI-CS such as age (68 vs 60, p&lt;0.001), BMI (26 vs 24, p=0.007), diabetes (65.58 vs 25%, p&lt;0.001), smoking (20.78 vs 2%, p=0.015), dyslipidemia (29 vs 10.89%, p=0.001), hypertension (66.88 vs 41.58%, p&lt;0.001) and previous stroke (3.9 vs 11.8, p&lt;0.001). Interestingly, AF occurred more frequently in non-AMI-CS (48.51 vs 3.25, p&lt;0.001). Initial SBP, DBP, and MAP were lower in this group (p&lt;0.001), and LVEF was higher (45 vs 35%, p=0.015). At lab data, AMI-CS had higher glucose, leukocytes, sodium, AST, ALT, and eGFR and lower creatinine. Regarding the management strategy, AMI-CS was associated with the simultaneous use of more vasoactive agents (p&lt;0.001), norepinephrine (p=0.001), dobutamine (p&lt;0.001) and levosimendan (p=0.019), as well as IABP (31.17. vs 1.98, p&lt;0.001). No difference among groups was seen in global mortality (74.68 vs 73.27, p=0.802). When analyzed by logistic regression, SCAI stages D and E had higher odds ratio (OR) of mortality compared to C stage. CARDSHOCK had significant differences along the tertiles, these 2 scores had substantial differences in the Kaplan-Meier curves with the 30-day mortality (p&lt;0.001, Fig. 1A, B, and C). The number of vasoactive agents had an incremental risk when using 2 (OR=2.66) or ≥3 (OR=2.32) drugs. Mechanical ventilation was associated with an increased mortality (OR=1.86). Gasometrical derived data had significant differences in lactate (OR=1.1), pH decrease (OR=1.33), and base excess (BE, OR=1.07) (Fig. 1A) Conclusions Herein, we identified specific risk factors related to mortality in women, AMI-CS patients had similar risk factors than the ones seen in men populations. But some specifics factors in women management differ compared to historical mixed cohorts. In conclusion, women-derived data must be specifically analyzed focusing in the involved risk factors and management strategies, which differ from those reported in mixed cohorts. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City

Abstract Background The clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with pulmonary Takayasu's arteritis associated pulmonary hypertension (PTA-PH) have not been well studied. Purpose To assess the clinical characteristics and long-term survival outcome in patients with PTA-PH. Methods We conducted a multi-center cohort study using the clinical, functional, and hemodynamic data from the National Rare Diseases Registry System of China. Patients with Takayasu's arteritis and pulmonary artery involvement, who fulfilled the 1990 American College of Rheumatology and/or modified Ishikawa criteria, from 13 referral centers of China, were included. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was confirmed by right heart catheterization findings. The primary outcome was time from diagnosis of PTA-PH to the occurrence of all-cause death. Results Between Jan. 2007 and Jan. 2019, a total of 140 patients with PTA-PH were included, with a mean age of 41.4±14.3 years at diagnosis, and a female predominance (81%). The most common symptoms were exertional dyspnea (91%) and hemoptysis (36%). The majority of patients (87%) exhibited bilateral pulmonary artery involvement. Pulmonary lobar artery was the most frequently affected vessel (100%), followed by segmental artery (82%) and left/right pulmonary artery trunk (49%). Severely compromised hemodynamic profiles were identified in these patients, indicating by elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (48, interquartile range [IQR] 38–59 mm Hg) and pulmonary vascular resistance (9.4, IQR 5.7–13.3 Wood U). The overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates in PTA-PH were 94.0%, 83.2%, and 77.2%, respectively (Figure). Predictors associated with increased risk of all-cause death were the presence of syncope (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.88; 95% CI: 1.62–14.74; p=0.005), N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide level (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; p&lt;0.001), and right atrial pressure (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.73; p=0.009). Conclusions In this national registry study, the reported clinical features and long-term prognosis of patients with PTA-PH are novel findings. These findings may provide new insights on this specific pulmonary hypertension entity. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program of China Kaplan-Meier plot for survival rate

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization data, they are responsible for approximately 31% of deaths annually. It is estimated that nearly 80% of premature CVDs are preventable by modification of lifestyle including regular physical activity. Endurance training can be described as long-time activity characterized by high dynamic and low to high power and was proven beneficial in CVD prevention. Several miRNAs, including miR-125a-5p had been reported to be regulated in response to exercise in healthy humans. Additionally, Let-7 family members are involved in initiation and development of inflammatory response and up-regulated after training. Aim of study Our aim was to determine the differences in inflammatory-related miRNA expression between ultramarathon runners and healthy controls. Materials and methods Three circulation inflammation-related miRNA related were chosen based on literature search. RNA was extracted from plasma samples using the mirVANA PARIS Kit and quality of extracted material was assessed using a fluorometric assay. RT-PCR was performed using the Taqman advance protocol on a high throughput thermal cycler. Mann Whitney U test was used for unpaired comparison and Spearman's Correlation was used for the database analysis with miRNA expressions, p&lt;0.05. Results Let-7e, miR-125a-5p, and miR-126 were measured in 40 patients (31 ultra-marathon runners vs 9 control volunteers) We found that control volunteers had significantly lower miR-125a-5p expression levels than ultra-marathon runners (p=0.03). Additionally, miR-125a-5p showed strong positive correlation with number of ultra-marathons run in life, and number of runs exceeding 100km (r=0.473, p=0.01 and r=0.403, p=0.03, respectively). Besides, Let-7e was positively correlated with VE max (maximum ventilation) (r=0.449, p=0.01). Conclusions Our study showed that endurance training can increase the miR-125a-5p expression and this result is in the line of previous observation since miR-125a-5p reported as vasculoprotector and were elevated in response to all-out high-intensity running. Figure 1. MicroRNAs expression comparison Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): “Preludium” from the National Science Center, Poland

Purpose: To understand the relative importance of support tools for HCPs to increase engagement with diabetes devices Methods: Primary care, pediatric and adult endocrinology HCPs completed an online survey assessing their comfort with continuous glucose monitors, connected insulin pens, insulin pumps, hybrid closed-loop systems, and their perceived needs for support tools. Hypothetical tools were described and Visual Analog Scales (VAS) (0 to 100) were used to "indicate how useful each tool would be in clinical practice." Results: 113 primary care HCPs (mean 16.3±10.1 yrs in practice) , 84 adult endocrinology HCPs (10.7±9.2 yrs in practice) , and 34 pediatric endocrinology HCPs (13.6±12.2 yrs in practice) completed the survey. A tool that assists in determining patients' insurance coverage for devices was ranked with the highest median score for all HCP types (VAS score: 90, 99, 95/100 respectively) , followed by an Online Data Platform to access device information (85, 88, 91.5/100) [Figure]. HCPs additionally indicated the importance of device data integration into an electronic health record (EHR) (83, 87.5, 82/100) , support tool accessibility from the EHR (79.5, 71, 75/100) , and device information communication to patients via EHR (78, 73.5, 75/100) . Conclusion: HCPs from 3 disciplines highlighted the need for clinical tools to work with diabetes devices in clinical practice, with particular interest in insurance aid and data platform. Disclosure L. H. Messer: Consultant; Capillary Biomedical, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic. L. Pyle: None. V. Shah: Advisory Panel; Medscape, Sanofi, Consultant; Dexcom, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk. R. Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Dompé, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Other Relationship; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. T. Oser: Advisory Panel; Cecelia Health, Dexcom, Inc. T. B. Vigers: None. H. K. Akturk: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, REMD Biotherapeutics. G. P. Forlenza: Advisory Panel; Lilly, Medtronic, Consultant; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. K. B. Huss: None. A. J. Karami: None. E. Malecha: None. S. Oser: Advisory Panel; Cecelia Health, Children with Diabetes, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Consultant; American Diabetes Association, Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, Jaeb Center for Health Research, Research Support; American Academy of Family Physicians, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. S. Polsky: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Other Relationship; diaTribe, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Medtronic, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Sanofi-Aventis U. S. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (G-2206-05306)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Statutory grant for Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland. Background/Introduction Serum osmolarity seems to be an important factor regulating the control of volume status and diuretic response in patients with Acute Heart Failure (AHF). Nevertheless, data on it’s clinical significance in this population is limited. Purpose We aim to evaluate serum osmolarity associations with decongestion rate and clinical outcomes in patients with AHF. Methods Serum osmolarity was determined in Arterial Blood Gases at admission in patients with AHF hospitalized in a single cardiology center. The endpoints of the study are: decongestion rate and one-year mortality. Decongestion rate was defined as body weight change between admission and discharge (kg) divided by number of days of hospital stay. Study group was divided into tertiles according to serum osmolarity – A: &lt;277 mmol/kg; B: 277-285 mmol/kg; C: &gt;285 mmol/kg. Results Study group consisted of 319 patients, average age 68±13 years, 240 (75%) men. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 34±14%. Patients with lowest osmolarity (tertile A) were younger and had lower EF when compared to the other tertiles (B and C) (65±15 vs. 70±13 vs. 71±12 years, respectively, p=0.028) and (30±14 vs. 36±14 vs. 36±13; p=0.001), respectively. Patients with higher osmolarity had greater baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (114±24/71±13 vs 133±26/78±14 vs 140±35/121±16 mmHg; p&lt;0.001/p&lt;0.001). There was U-shape relationship between serum lactate concentration at admission and osmolarity tertiles: (2.0 [1.6-2.7] vs 1.6 [1.4-2.2] vs 2.1 [1.6-2.7] mmol/l, respectively; p&lt;0.001). NT-proBNP at discharge was higher in group A (4082 [2405-8324] vs 2827 [1519-5271] vs 2392 [1386-5631] pg/ml, p=0.001). During hospitalization tertile A more often required inotropic support vs tertile B and C (29% vs 4% vs 4%; p&lt;0.001). There was a difference of body weight change from admission till discharge between the tertiles, with tertile B having the highest weight loss when compared to the other tertiles: (3 [1-5] vs. 4 [2-6] vs. 2 [0-4] kg; p=0.004). Tertile A was characterized by the longest hospital stay in comparison the rest of the population (7 [6-13] vs. 7 [5-9] vs. 7 [5-8] days; p=0.043). There was a U-shape relation between serum osmolarity and decongestion rate. The rate of decongestion were significantly slower in patients with the lowest and the highest osmolarity (tertile A and C): (0.26 [0.08-0.50] vs 0.57 [0.17-1.0] vs 0.25 [0.04-0.53] kg/day; p=0.002), respectively. The tertile A had the highest one-year mortality, when compared to the other groups (53% vs. 33% vs. 28%; p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the serum osmolarity itself as a continuous value had prognostic significance HR (95% confidence interval): 0.96 (0.94-0.97), p&lt;0.001. Conclusions Serum osmolarity assessed at admission to the hospital is associate with the decongestion rate and one-year mortality in AHF patients and thus may help identify high risk population.

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between seasonal increases in emergency department (ED) and urgent care center (UCC) visits for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among children 0-4 years old and average dew point temperatures in Virginia. To determine if this relationship can be used to develop an early warning tool for high intensity seasons of HFMD, allowing for earlier targeted public health action and communication to the community and local childcare centers during these high intensity seasons.IntroductionHand, foot, and mouth disease is a highly infectious disease common among early childhood populations caused by human enteroviruses (Enterovirus genus).1 The enteroviruses responsible for HFMD generally cause mild illness among children in the United States with symptoms of fever and rash/blisters, but have also been linked to small outbreaks of severe neurological disease such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis.2Enteroviruses circulate year-round but increase in the summer-fall months across much of the United States.3 The drivers of this seasonality are not fully understood, but research indicates climatic factors, rather than demographic ones, are most likely to drive the amplitude and timing of the seasonal peaks.3 A recent CDC study on nonpolio enteroviruses identified dew point temperature as a strong predictor of local enterovirus seasonality, explaining around 30% of the variation in intensity of transmission across the United States.3MethodsSyndromic surveillance data on ED and UCC visits among 0-4 year olds in Virginia were analyzed from January 1, 2012 to August 31, 2018. Visits for HFMD were identified using the following chief complaint and discharge diagnosis terms: hand, foot, and mouth; HFM; fever with rash, lesions, or blisters; ICD-10 code: B08.4; or SNOMED CT code: 266108008. Visits for HFMD among 0-4 year olds were aggregated by week and calculated as a proportion of all ED and UCC visits among this age group during the study period.Hourly dew point readings from the Richmond International Airport from January 1, 2012 to August 31, 2018 were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). NOAA readings were averaged by week to establish a mean dew point for each week during the study period. Correlation analyses were performed on weekly dew point temperatures and weekly percent of HFMD visits. Weekly dew point averages were used to determine low-activity weeks at which to measure baseline percentages of HFMD visits. A low-activity week was defined as periods of two or more consecutive weeks in which each week had an average dew point temperature of less than 55.4 degrees Fahrenheit.3 To assess if HFMD seasons varied in intensity from year to year, a Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess significant differences by year among the mean weekly percent of HFMD visits during high-activity weeks.An early warning threshold for a high intensity season was developed by calculating the mean percent of HFMD visits during low-activity weeks for the previous three years and adding two standard deviations. Threshold rates were calculated for years 2015 through 2018 and compared to the percentage of 0-4 year old HFMD visits during high-activity weeks. The week where percent of HFMD visits crossed the early warning threshold in 2018 was assessed to determine when public health notifications could have been made to alert the community about a high intensity (above threshold) HFMD season if this early warning tool had been utilized.ResultsBetween January 1, 2012 and August 31, 2018, there were 27,181 visits for HFMD among children aged 0-4 years. Mean and median weekly percent of HFMD visits were 1.33% and 1.01% of total 0-4 year old visits, respectively, with a range from 0.18% to 5.32%. These visits were most prominent during the summer or fall each year, with annual peaks occurring between weeks 22-46.Weekly percent of HFMD visits and average weekly dew point temperatures were significantly correlated (r=0.562, p<.0001). The mean weekly dew point temperature for high-activity weeks was 67.2 degrees Fahrenheit, with a range between 49.3 and 73.5 degrees. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in the mean weekly percent of visits by year for high-activity weeks (p<.0001).Over the 4 years of data to which the threshold was applied, percent of HFMD visits crossed the threshold in 2016 and 2018, indicating both years experienced high intensity HFMD seasons (Fig. 1). Percent of HFMD visits never crossed the early warning threshold in 2015 nor 2017. In 2018, the threshold was met on Week 21 (week ending June 2, 2018) which was more than 3 weeks prior to when public health notifications were made using routine surveillance methods through ESSENCE.ConclusionsVisits for HFMD among the young childhood population (0-4 year olds) in Virginia exhibit annual summer-fall seasonality with significant differences between the percent of visits from year to year. Seasons exhibiting a significantly higher percent of HFMD visits during high-activity weeks warrant a greater level of public health communication and outreach to educate parents, physicians and childcare centers about the disease and prevention measures. It can be difficult to differentiate high intensity seasons from low intensity seasons in the early weeks of increasing disease activity. Traditional syndromic surveillance methods using ESSENCE identify significant increases in HFMD visits from the previous 90 days, but do not readily alert on differences in seasonality from year to year. These results support the use of dew point temperature data to develop an early warning tool for high intensity seasons of HFMD. This early warning tool will allow for more efficient use of resources and targeted outreach during years with particularly high HFMD activity within the young childhood population. This early warning tool will be implemented by the Virginia Department of Health in 2019 to evaluate its effectiveness at identifying high HFMD activity in real-time.References1. Khetsuriani N, Lamonte-Fowlkes A, Oberst S, Pallansch MA. Enterovirus surveillance—United States, 1970–2005. MMWR Surveill Summ 2006;55(No. SS-8). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/169718902. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD). Retrieved Sept 25, 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/complications.html.3. Pons-Salort M, Oberste MS, Pallansch MA, et al. The seasonality of nonpolio enteroviruses in the United States: patterns and drivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018;115:3078–83 http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721159115

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions resulting from the use of a medicinal product and were harmful or unpleasant reaction. Pharmacovigilance is related pharmaceuticals product after marketing and associated with collection, detection, assessment, monitoring and prevention of adverse effects. The aim of study is to recognize the awareness of pharmacists regarding pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to 237 pharmacists working in Khartoum’s locality pharmacies from August 2019 to March 2020 selected by simple randomization. The data were collected by face to face interview using self-administrated Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: 57.4% from the total sample size never seen adverse drug reactions reporting form, 76.4% never receive training on how to report it and only 10.5% from the pharmacists in the study report it to pharmacovigilance center. 79% from pharmacists in the study were not aware about existence of pharmacovigilance program in Sudan. 51.5 % from pharmacists have good attitude about adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance in Sudan while 48.5% had poor attitude. Difficulty in communicating with pharmacovigilance centre in Sudan and how to write the report were the factors discourage pharmacists from reporting of adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: Community pharmacists have insufficient knowledge about the concept of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous ADRs reporting while they had positive attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, despite their little experience with ADRs reporting, this can be strengthened by educational trainings and workshops. Peer Review History: Received: 4 September 2021; Revised: 9 October; Accepted: 29 October, Available online: 15 November 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Neelam H. Zaidi, Fiji National University, Fiji, drneelamzaidi@gmail.com Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, raousm@gmail.com Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara, Gazi University, Turkey, eda@gazi.edu.tr Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, andrzej.szymanski@put.poznan.pl Similar Articles: AWARENESS OF PHARMACISTS TOWARDS ASPARTAME SIDE EFFECTS IN KHARTOUM CITY, SUDAN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS IN MANAGEMENT OF HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF NIGERIA

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in a positive mode (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed to determine simultaneously the levels of cortisol and testosterone in rat serum. The MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) was used to optimize ion precursor, fragmentor voltage, ion product, and collision energy. Analytical samples were treated by solid-phase extraction with Bond Elut C18 cartridge. The method was validated according to FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. The results indicated that this method showed a wide linearity range (0.1-100 ng/mL for cortisol and 0.025-100 ng/mL for testosterone), good linearity (r2 > 0.999), low limit of quantification (LLOQ values of cortisol and testosterone were 0.1 ng/mL and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively), good recovery (90.4% - 108.0%), suitable repeatability (CV values were in the range of 2.7% - 14.8%), good stability in different conditions. The validated method was applied to quantify cortisol and testosterone levels in several rat blood samples. Keywords: LC-ESI-MS/MS, cortisol, testosterone, rat serum, solid-phase extraction. References [1] A. V. Rincon et al., Measuring Urinary Cortisol and Testosterone Levels in Male Barbary Macaques: A Comparison of EIA and LC-MS, General and Comparative Endocrinology, Vol. 281, 2019, pp. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.017.[2] D. French, Advances in Bioanalytical Techniques to Measure Steroid Hormones in Serum, Bioanalysis, Vol. 8, No. 11, 2016, pp. 1203-1219, https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2015-0025.[3] M. Kaleta et al., Analytical Methods for the Determination of Neuroactive Steroids, Biomolecules, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2021, pp. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040553.[4] M. Závada, K. Šafarčik, O. Topolčan, Some Problems of Radioimmunoassay Control, Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1978, pp. 57-66.[5] K. S. Leung, B. M. Fong, LC-MS/MS in the Routine Clinical Laboratory: has its time come?, Anal Bioanal Chem, Vol. 406, No. 9-10, 2014, pp. 2289-2301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7542-5.[6] C. Shackleton, Clinical Steroid Mass Spectrometry: a 45-year History Culminating in HPLC-MS/MS Becoming an Essential Tool for Patient Diagnosis, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, Vol. 121, No. 3-5, 2010, pp. 481-490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.017.[7] K. Yamashita et al., Development of Sensitive Derivatization Method for Aldosterone in Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry of Corticosteroids, Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1200, No. 2, 2008, pp. 114-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.034.[8] K. Yamashita et al., Highly Sensitive Determination of Estrone and Estradiol in Human Serum by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry, Steroids, Vol. 72, No. 11-12, 2007, pp. 819-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2007.07.003.[9] K. Yamashita et al., Development of Highly Sensitive Quantification Method for Testosterone and Hihydrotestosterone in Human Serum and Prostate Tissue by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Steroids, Vol. 74, No. 12, 2009, pp. 920-926, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2009.06.007.[10] U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Bioanalytical Method Validation - Guidance for Industry, 2018.[11] M. Toukh, S. P. Gordon, M. Othman, Construction Noise Induces Hypercoagulability and Elevated Plasma Corticosteroids in Rats, Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, Vol. 20, No.7, 2014, pp. 710-715, https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029613483168.[12] L. H. Heywood, Testosterone Levels in the Male Laboratory Rat: Variation under Experimental Conditions, Int J Androl, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1980, pp. 519-529, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.1980.tb00140.x.[13] L. J. Mentzel, G. Wiedemann, Establishment of Reference Ranges for Cortisol in Neonates, Infants, Children and Adolescents, Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem, Vol 31, No. 8, 1993, pp. 525-529, https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1993.31.8.525.[14] A. E. Kulle et al., A Novel Ultrapressure Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Androstenedione, Testosterone, and Dihydrotestosterone in Pediatric Blood Samples: Age- and Sex-specific Reference Data, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, Vol. 95, No. 5, 2010, pp. 2399-2409, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1670.[15] A. L. Southren et al., Plasma Production Rates of Testosterone in Normal Adult Men and Women and in Patients with the Syndrome of Feminizing Testes, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 25, No. 11, 1965, pp. 1441-1450, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-25-11-1441.[16] P. Pearlmutter et al., Sweat and Saliva Cortisol Response to Stress and Nutrition Factors, Scientifc Reports, 2020, pp. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75871-3.[17] S. Clifton et al., Salivary Testosterone Levels and Health Status in Men and Women in the British General Population: Findings from the Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), J Clin Endo Metab, Vol. 101, No. 11, pp. 3939-51, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1669.[18] J. Y. Moon et al., Reference Ranges for Urinary Levels of Testosterone and Epitestosterone, Which may Reveal Gonadal Function, in a Korean Male Population, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 140, 2014, pp. 100-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.001.

PREFACEThe articles of this supplement resulted from the 5 th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society held in São Paulo city, Brazil, at the Convention Center of the Transamérica Hotel, from 28 th September to 2 nd of October 1997. The participants of the Round Table Discussions on “Mean Sea Level Changes Along the Brazilian Coast” were Dr. Denizar Blitzkow, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, (POLI-USP), Prof. Dr. Waldenir Veronese Furtado, Institute of Oceanography (IO-USP), Dr. Joseph Harari (IO-USP), Dr. Roberto Teixeira from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and the invited coordinator Prof. Dr. Afrânio Rubens de Mesquita (IO-USP). Soon after the first presentation of the IBGE representative, on the efforts of his Institute regarding sea level matters, it became clear that, apart from a M.Sc. Thesis of Mesquita (1968) and the contributions of Johannenssen (1967), Mesquita et al. (1986) and Mesquita et al. (1994), little was known by the participants, about the history of the primordial sea level measurements along the Brazilian coast, one of the objectives of the meeting. So, following the strong recommendations of the Table participants, a short review on the early Brazilian sea level measurements was planned for a much needed general historical account on the topic. For this purpose, several researchers such as The Commander Frederico Corner Bentes, Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation (DHN) of the Brazilian Navy, Ms. Maria Helena Severo (DHN) and Eng. Jose Antonio dos Santos, National Institute of Ports and Rivers (INPH), long involved with the national sea level measurements were asked to present their views. Promptly, they all provided useful information on the ports and present difficulties with the Brazilian Law relative to the “Terrenos de Marinha” (Sea/Land Limits). Admiral Max Justo Guedes of the General Documentation Service (SDG) of the Brazilian Navy gave an account of the first “Roteiros”– Safe ways to approach the cities (ports) of that time by the sea –, written by the Portuguese navigators in the XVI Century, on the newly found land of “Terra de Santa Cruz”, Brazil’s first given name. Admiral Dr. Alberto Dos Santos Franco (IO-USP/DHN) gave information on the first works on sea level analysis published by the National Observatory (ON) Scientists, Belford Vieira (1928) and Lemos (1928). In a visit to ON, which belongs to the National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CNPq) and after a thorough discussion on sea level matters in Brazil, Dr. Luiz Muniz Barreto showed the Library Museum, where the Tide Predictor machine, purchased from England, in the beginning of the XX century, is well kept and preserved. Afterwards, Dr. Mauro de Andrade Sousa of ON, sent a photography (Fig. 1) of the Kelvin machine (the same Kelvin of the Absolute Temperature), a tide predictor firstly used in the Country by ON to produce Tide Tables. From 1964 until now, the astronomical prediction of Tides (Tide Tables) for most of the Brazilian ports is produced using computer software and published by the DHN. Before the 5 th International Congress of Geophysics, the Global Observing Sea Level System (GLOSS), a program of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, had already offered a Training Course on sea level matters, in 1993 at IO-USP (IOC. 1999) and, six years later, a Training Workshop was also given at IO-USP in 1999 (IOC. 2000). Several participants of the Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries of the Americas and Africa (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mozambique, Uruguay, Peru, São Tome and Principe and Venezuela) were invited to take part in the Course and Workshop, under the auspices of the IOC. During the Training Course of 1993, Dr. David Pugh, Director of GLOSS, proposed to publish a Newsletter for sea level matters as a FORUM of the involved countries. The Newsletter, after the approval of the IOC Chairman at the time, Dr. Albert Tolkachev, ended up as the Afro America GLOSS News (AAGN). The newsletter had its first Edition published by IO-USP and was paper-printed up to its 4 th Edition. After that, under the registration Number ISSN: 1983-0319, from the CNPq and the new forum of GLOSS, which the Afro-American Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries already had, started to be disseminated only electronically. Currently on its 15 th Edition, the News Letter can be accessed on: www.mares.io.usp.br, Icon Afro America GLOSS News (AAGN),the electronic address of the “Laboratory of Tides and Oceanic Temporal Processes” (MAPTOLAB) of IO-USP, where other contributions on Brazilian sea level, besides the ones given in this Supplement, can also be found. The acronym GLOSS identifies the IOC program, which aims to produce an overall global long-term sea level data set from permanent measuring stations, distributed in ocean islands and all over the continental borders about 500 Km on average apart from each other, covering evenly both Earth hemispheres. The program follows the lines of the Permanent Service for the Mean Sea Level (PSMSL), a Service established in 1933 by the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO), which, however, has a much stronger and denser sea level data contribution from countries of the Northern Hemisphere. The Service receives and organizes sea level data sent by all countries with maritime borders, members of the United Nations (UN) and freely distributes the data to interested people, on the site http://www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl. The Permanent Station of Cananeia, Brazil, which has the GLOSS number 194 together with several other permanent stations (San Francisco, USA, Brest, France and many others), belongs to a chosen group of stations (Brazil has 9 GLOSS Stations) prepared to produce real time sea level, accompanied by gravity, GPS and meteorological high quality data measurements, aiming to contribute for a strictly reliable “in situ” data knowledge regarding the Global Earth sea level variability. Following the recommendations of the Round Table for a search of the first historical events, it was found that sea level measurements started in the Brazilian coast in 1781. The year when the Portuguese astronomer Sanches Dorta came to the Southern oceans, interested in studying the attraction between masses, applied to the oceanic tides a fundamental global law discovered by Isaak Newton in the seventeenth century. Nearly a hundred years later the Law was confirmed by Henry Cavendish. Another nearly hundred years passed and a few years after the transfer of the Portuguese Crown from Europe to Brazil, in 1808, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was occupied, in 1831, for the first systematic sea level measurements ever performed on the Brazilian coast. The one year recorded tidal signal, showing a clear semidiurnal tide is kept nowadays in the Library of the Directory of Hydrography and Navigation (DHN) of the Brazilian Navy. After the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic in 1889, systematic sea level measurements at several ports along the coast were organized and established by the Port Authorities precursors of INPH. Sea level analyses based on these measurements were made by Belford Vieira (op. cit.) and Lemos (op. cit.) of the aforementioned National Observatory (ON), and the Institute of the National Council of Research and Technology (CNPq), which gave the knowledge of tides and tidal analysis a valuable boost at that time. For some reason, the measurements of 1831 were included into the Brazilian Federal law No. 9760 of 1946, to serve as the National Reference (NR) for determining the sea/land limits of the “Terrenos de Marinha”, and inadvertently took it as if it were a fixed and permanent level along the years, which is known today to be untrue. Not only for this reason, but also for the fact that the datum, the reference level (RL) in the Port of Rio de Janeiro, to which the measurements of 1831 were referred to, was lost, making the 1946 Law inapplicable nowadays. The recommendations of the Round Table participants seemed to have been providential for the action which was taken, in order to solve these unexpected events. A method for recovering the 1831 limits of high waters, referred by Law 9760, was produced recently and is shown in this supplement. It is also shown the first attempt to identify, on the coast of São Paulo State, from the bathymetry of the marine charts produced by DHN, several details of the bottom of the shelf area. The Paleo Rivers and terraces covered by the most recent de-glaciation period, which started about 20,000 years ago, were computationally uncovered from the charts, showing several paleo entrances of rivers and other sediment features of the shelf around “Ilha Bela”, an island off the coast of S˜ao Sebastião. Another tidal analysis contribution, following the first studies of ON scientists, but now using computer facilities and the Fast Fourier Transform for tidal analysis, developed by Franco and Rock (1971), is also shown in this Supplement. Estimates of Constituents amplitudes as M2 and S2 seem to be decreasing along the years. In two ports of the coast this was effective, as a consequence of tidal energy being transferred from the astronomical Tide Generator Potential (PGM), created basically by the Sun and the Moon, to nonlinear components generated by tidal currents in a process of continuously modifying the beaches, estuarine borders and the shelf area. A study on the generation of nonlinear tidal components, also envisaged by Franco (2009) in his book on tides, seems to be the answer to some basic questions of this field of knowledge. Harari & Camargo (1994) worked along the same lines covering the entire South Eastern Shelf. As for Long Term Sea Level Trends, the sea level series produced by the National Institute of Research for Ports and Rivers (INPH), with the 10 years series obtained by the Geodetic Survey of USA, in various Brazilian ports, together with the sea level series of Cananeia of IO-USP, allowed the first estimation of Brazil’s long term trend, as about 30 cm/cty. A study comparing this value with the global value of sea level variation obtained from the PSMSL data series, shows that among the positively and negatively trended global tidal series, the Brazilian series are well above the mean global trend value of about 18 cm/cty. This result was communicated to IAPSO in the 1987 meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. In another attempt to decipher the long term sea level contents of these series, the correlation values, as a measure of collinearity and proximity values, as well as the distance of the yearly mean data values of sea level to the calculated regression line, are shown to be invariant with rotation of the Cartesian axes in this Supplement. Not following the recommendations of the Round Table but for the completeness of this Preface, these values, estimated from the Permanent Service for the Mean Sea Level data, with the Brazilian series included, allowed the definition of a function F, which, being also invariant with axis rotation, seems to measure the sort of characteristic state of variability of each sea level series. The plot of F values against the corresponding trend values of the 60 to 100 year-long PSMSL series is shown in Figure 2. This plot shows positive values of F reaching the 18 cm/cty, in good agreement with the recent International Panel for Climate Changes (IPCC) estimated global value. However, the negative side of the Figure also shows other values of F giving other information, which is enigmatic and is discussed in Mesquita (2004). For the comprehensiveness of this Preface and continuation of the subjects, although not exactly following the discussions of the Round Table, other related topics were developed since the 5th Symposium in 1997, for the extreme sea level events. They were estimated for the port of Cananeia, indicating average values of 2.80 m above mean sea level, which appears to be representative of the entire Brazilian coast and probable to occur within the next hundred years, as shown by Franco et al. (2007). Again for completeness, the topic on the steric and halosteric sea levels has also been talked about a lot after the 1997 reunion. Prospects of further studies on the topic rely on proposed oceanographic annual section measurements on the Southeastern coast, “The Capricorn Section,” aimed at estimating the variability and the long term steric and halosteric sea levels contributions, as expressed in Mesquita (2009). These data and the time series measurements (sea level, GPS, meteorology and gravity), already taken at Cananeia and Ubatuba research Stations, both near the Tropic of Capricorn, should allow to locally estimate the values of almost all basic components of the sea level over the Brazilian Southeastern area and perhaps also of the whole South Atlantic, allowing for quantitative studies on their composition, long term variability and their climatic influence.