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1
Pizzurro, Joseph D. "National Oil Corp. v. Libyan Sun Oil Co." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203571.
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Petitioner, the Libyan National Oil Corp. (NOC), filed the petition to confirm an arbitral award rendered in Paris against Libyan Sun Oil Co. (LSOC), a Delaware corporation. The petition was based on the UN Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (Convention). LSOC opposed the petition on the grounds that NOC was not entitled to access to U.S. courts because of the state of relations between the United States and Libya and that the Libyan Sanctions Regulations prevented NOC from maintaining its claim in the absence of a license from the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. In addition, LSOC argued that confirmation of the award should be denied under various provisions of the Convention, including the “public policy” defense embodied in Article V(2)(b). The district court (per Latchum, J.) held that NOC had standing to bring the petitión and that the defenses set forth in the Convention were inapplicable. The award was thus confirmed.
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Larijani, B., H. Fakhrzadeh, M. Mohaghegh, R. Pourebrahim, and M. R. Akhlaghi. "Burden of coronary heart disease on the Iranian oil industry [1999-2000]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 5-6 (March 31, 2003): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.904.
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To estimate the direct cost of coronary heart disease [CHD] to the Iranian oil industry, we calculated the cost of essential services for 1253 CHD patients admitted to the National Iranian Oil Corporation [NIOC] Central Hospital. The direct cost of CHD at the Hospital was 10940 million rials [US$ 1 = 8000 rials], or 8.7 million rials per patient. The direct cost of CHD to the Iranian oil industry was estimated at 22 770 million rials. Working days lost to workers hospitalized for CHD amounted to 62 832. The heavy burden of CHD on the Iranian oil industry necessitates the introduction of an industry-wide prevention programme
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Masoud, Najeb. "John Rawls Theory of Justice: Lessons for Eastern Libya." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 7 (September 30, 2015): 2293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i7.594.
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Libya is a developing country and it has a unique culture, as any other country, with a significant position as the second largest oil producer in Africa. It has experienced dynamic changes over a short period of time. The aim of this study is to investigate the collapse of Gadhafi’s regime in Libya has opened up space for new regional tensions over greater economic power and political representation, with hydrocarbon resources often used as a bargaining chip. There have been severe tensions surrounding the possible relocation of the headquarters of the National Oil Corporation (NOC) from Tripoli to Benghazi. The excessive oil profits are being taken away by foreign oil companies. Apart from that the foreign oil companies collude with corrupt government officials to disobey environmental laws. In the light of these problems, the thesis argued that Libya’s oil resource is nothing but a curse and not a blessing. The situation has gone from bad to worse because too much emphasis has been placed on long term measures instead of short-term solutions. This is not more than scratching the surface while the substance of the problem is left untouched.To achieve the aim and particular objectives of the study it was necessary to utilize more than one research method. Firstly, a descriptive method is used to provide an overview of accounting and its environment in a developing country, and the economic, social and political environment in Libya. Secondly, we choose John Rawls method of justice because it is designed to provide proposals which people cannot reasonable reject if they are committed to advance the welfare of everyone. In particular, it seeks to map the current idea which will be to develop short-term measures that no member of the current conflicts can reasonably object.The content analysis showed that the Libyan government can approach the Eastern Libya oil crisis in a short-term course. The study argued that short-term justice will help to provide the immediate needs of tens of millions of neglected and impoverished citizens of Eastern Libya region in the meantime while the government continue to work on long-term solutions to her problems. The findings from the method of justice as propounded by John Rawls to produce specific short-term solutions that will solve the problem of economic injustice, political marginalization, social conflicts, and revenue distribution imbroglio.
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Hussain, Hani A. "“Kuwait Petroleum Corporation: New Horizons for National Oil Companies”." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 4-5 (September 1988): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600405.
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Kuwait, in nationalising our production of oil, formed the Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) to operate as an integrated oil company with satelite specialised companies. Since its formation in 1980, KPC, like other suppliers, has had to cope with soft markets, low prices and the consequent reduced revenues and limitation on development. KPC's goals have been to both stabilise and maximise revenues and diversify its source. This has been facilitated through the use of the expertise in the public companies under its control. As a result KPC has invested US $4.5 billion in upgrading projects, acquired technology through purchasing Santa Fe International and entered downstream marketing successfully in Europe.
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Al-Fattah, Saud M. "National oil companies: business models, challenges, and emerging trends." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c8art2.
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This paper provides an assessment and a review of the national oil companies’ (NOCs) business models, challenges and opportunities, their strategies and emerging trends. The role of the national oil company (NOC) continues to evolve as the global energy landscape changes to reflect variations in demand, discovery of new ultra-deep water oil deposits, and national and geopolitical developments. NOCs, traditionally viewed as the custodians of their country’s natural resources, have generally owned and managed the complete national oil and gas supply chain from upstream to downstream activities. In recent years, NOCs have emerged not only as joint venture partners globally with the major oil companies, but increasingly as competitors to the International Oil Companies (IOCs). Many NOCs are now more active in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), thereby increasing the number of NOCs seeking international upstream and downstream acquisition and asset targets
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Khartukov, Eugene M. "The Potential for a Russian State Oil Company: A Critical Analysis of the Russian Oil Business." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 18, no. 2-3 (April 2000): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144598001492085.
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After seven years of dramatic decentralization and dynamic privatization of Russia's oil industry from, which transformed the wholly state-run oil distribution system into the mostly privatized quasi-market “petropreneurship”, the pendulum of oil control has started to move back. However, despite the obvious need for a better regulated industry and the rising state-centric tendencies, the liberalization of the Russian oil market seems to have passed the point of no return, and the controversial issue of creating a national oil company (NOC) needs to be addressed not only from the political angle but also with regard of economic possibilities and the present market realities.
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Sugiyartomo, Fakharsyah Hanif. "The Legality of Oil & Gas Production Sharing Contract Gross Split Scheme." Indonesian Journal of Energy 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v2i1.33.
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As an oil producing nation, Indonesia embodied its authority to manage its oil resources through article 33 paragraphs 3 of The Republic of Indonesia Constitution 1945. Regarding the article, this means that the state has the authority to manage Indonesian natural resources, directly or indirectly, through other public and/or private institutions and the profit of such activity shall be for the benefit of the people. This granted the state to appoint other institution, including a National/International Oil Company (NOC/IOC), to manage the exploration and production of oil, as that particular activity is regarded as a high risk and high capital business. In order to do so, according to Law no. 22 2001, the state may appoint a NOC/IOC through a production sharing contract. In this research, it is founded that the regulation that governed a production sharing contract with the gross split mechanism—Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 8 2017 jo. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 52 2017—does not have a strong legal basis. In overall, the management of oil and gas through the gross split mechanism does not gives a maximum benefit for the state, and does not attract the IOC/NOC interest to explore and produce oil and gas in Indonesia. Therefore, in this paper, the reviewing of oil and gas management through a gross split mechanism is recommended.
Keywords: management, gross split scheme, income taxes
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Ubani, Chikwendu, and Ubong Ikpaisong. "Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.668.
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Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.
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Lai, Nan Jun. "New Energy Development and Utilization of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1172.
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Oil belongs to nonrenewable resources. With the oil supply relatively limited and the global economy enters a fast development cycle and oil demand is increasing, oil prices rising is inevitable. Impact of high oil prices is deep and continuous, will change our country’s energy production and consumption structure. As China’s largest offshore oil and gas producers, China’s CNOOC must take positive and correct development strategy, and energetically develop and use of in the new energy, and provide high quality energy for our country’s economic and social development. This paper expounds some effort in the field of new energy development and utilization of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC), mainly including wind power development, bio-fuels development, natural gas hydrate recover and so on.
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Steedman, Brent. "The rise of the national oil companies and impact on Australia." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08064.
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The oil and gas industry is facing a period of major transition as national oil companies (NOCs) improve their operating capabilities and change their investment models KPMG’s Global Oil and Gas Centre of Excellence has commissioned a report which analyses this changing environment, interviews senior executives from major NOCs to understand their views and offers our insights into emerging issues for the oil and gas industry. NOCs are moving outside their national boundaries, partially privatising their assets and demanding more from potential partners and investors. The key findings from this survey are as follows: the growing capabilities of NOCs the definite shift from the use of ownership to service contracts; the success of service companies; international oil companies are responding to the changing landscape; and, investment in people and skills is a top NOC priority. The potential impact of the above findings on the Australian oil and gas sector are significant, and include: reduced access to international service companies; shortage of skills increased opportunities for Australian service companies; and, increased focus by international oil companies on upstream opportunities in Australia. KPMG’s report was prepared during a period of rising oil prices. Even during the current period of price volatility, the majority of findings continue to be relevant for participants in the oil and gas industry.
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Hatakeyama, Takashi, Tetsuo Yonezawa, and Akira Suzuki. "Recent drilling project in Technology Research Center of Japan National Oil Corporation." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 63, no. 5 (1998): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.63.413.
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Mu-Zhen, Lu. "OIL SPILL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN OFFSHORE OIL INDUSTRY OF CHINA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-235.
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ABSTRACT The China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), established in October 1982, is the sole Chinese company dealing with offshore oil exploration, development, and production. It has four regional corporations, and four specialized corporations, as well as seventeen joint venture corporations. CNOOC has four representative offices outside China. Since the Sino-foreign cooperation for offshore oil exploration and development in China started, 360,000 line km of seismic survey have been shot, thirty-nine oil and gas bearing structures have been found, fifteen oil fields have been evaluated as having large hydrocarbon accumulations, nine oil fields have been developed and put into production, 179 exploratory wells have been drilled, and CNOOC has signed thirty-nine contracts with a total of forty-five foreign companies from twelve countries. There are five laws and regulations in the PRC affecting offshore oil development and marine environmental pollution. In accord with these laws and regulations, CNOOC has reviewed four environmental impact statements for offshore oil fields received from its regional corporations. CNOOC has made oil spill contingency plans for the Cheng-Bei offshore oil field in Bo-Hai, and the Wei 10-3 offshore oil field in the Gulf of Bei-Bu. Some oil spill combating equipment is owned by the Bo-Hai Oil Corporation and the Nan-Hai West Oil Corporation, selected on the basis of the crude oil characteristics.
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Ola, Victor D., Azubuike H. Amadi, Raphael Okeke, and Paul O. Okafor. "Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Malaysia’s Production Sharing Contract (PSC)." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.678.
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The oil and gas industry is governed by policies with the aim of smoothening the business relationship between the Government, the International Oil Companies (IOC’s) and the Host communities. Different oil producing countries have their own laws governing petroleum activities and these laws vary from country to country based on the B-PEST factors which are Biological, Political, Environmental, Social and Technology. However, reserve size and oil type can also influence petroleum laws. Countries like Nigeria relies strongly on petroleum bills such as the PIB in which this research will be analyzing the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) which is a significant subset of the PIB. Comparison between the existing PSC of Malaysia and that of Nigeria was captured in this research and the analysis of the PSC was done based on the Government Take, National Oil Company (NOC) and the Contractor’s benefits. 26.67% and 56.58% recovery cost, 28.67% and 26.28% Government revenue, 23.14% and 7.64% NOC share, 21.52% and 9.50% Contractor share of revenue per barrel was arrived at for Malaysia and Nigeria respectively, showing that the Malaysian PSC model yields more income to the country when compared to that of Nigeria without necessarily short-changing the contractors or the IOCs. Finally, the reasons behind these deficits were highlighted and recommendations made to improve the PSC and benefits for all parties to the contractual agreements.
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Kinney, Brent D. "Petroleum Laws and Model Contracting Terms – Production Sharing in China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 5 (October 1995): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300505.
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Jurisdiction for China's petroleum administration has been separated with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) vested with exclusive rights in the on-shore and China National Off-shore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) given exclusive jurisdiction off-shore. Both of these state companies have published model production sharing contracts which are similar in all material respects but which differ from the usual production sharing contract by incorporating taxation and royalty obligations in addition to production sharing arrangements in one document.
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Lakin, David N. "OBTAINING THE FEDERAL RESPONDER IMMUNITY STANDARD IN THE UNITED STATES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-847.
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ABSTRACT Limited liability for oil spill responders encourages aggressive actions that can maximize response efforts. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), the world's largest oil spill response corporation, launched a nationwide campaign in 1991 to encourage the passage of responder immunity as contained in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in the coastal states and jurisdictions of the United States. As a national and not-for-profit organization, MSRC was a viable catalyst for successfully advocating the adoption of responder immunity. By the end of 1992, the 25 states/jurisdictions in MSRC's primary operating area had adopted responder immunity.
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Dele, Ishaka. "CORRUPTION AND ITS EFFECT ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (2000-2018)." International Journal of Advanced Research in Public Policy, Social Development and Enterprise Studies 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarppsdes.v4.i1.04.
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The major objective of this study is to examine the effects of financial corruption on national development in Nigeria (1999-2017). The continuous outcry of the citizens on the evils of corruption and its consequences on national development motivated this study. Data were drawn chiefly from primary sources and subjected to statistical computations of scaling and percentages. The major findings of the study revealed that to a large extent corruption leads to poverty in Nigeria. Also to a large extent increase in oil revenues do not translate to poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study equally, found that to a large extent the oil industry causes underdevelopment and increase poverty in Nigeria. This study therefore advances that stiffer sanctions must be imposed on those found guilty of corrupt practices including death sentences. This will serve as deterrent to others. Since corruption is a relationship of ‘give and take’, both the giver and the receiver must be prosecuted as well. There is the need to strengthen institutions such as the civil service, parliament and the judiciary, which in turn will create interlocking systems of oversight and self-regulation. All of these institutions have to be free of corruption themselves and active players in the fight against corruption and good governance should be entrenched.
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KUSAKA, GORO. "On research and development projects of Technical Research. Center in Japan National Oil Corporation." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 51, no. 4 (1986): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.51.288.
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NANBA, TAKAO. "Research on CO2 miscible flooding by Technology Research Center of Japan National Oil Corporation." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 52, no. 3 (1987): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.52.279.
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Khatchadourian, Minas. "Legal Safeguards in Egypt's Petroleum Concession Agreements." Arab Law Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2008): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302508x374410.
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This article deals with the concession contracts for the exploration and the production of oil and gas in Egypt. Such tripartite contracts are concluded between the Government of Egypt (GOE) as the host country, a National Oil Company (NOC) as the concession holder and an international oil company (IOC) as the foreign contractor who receives a part of the oil or gas production on a production sharing agreement (PSA). From an Egyptian legal perspective, this contract is qualified as a State contract which is supposed to give the Government some exorbitant powers towards its counterparts. However, in order to attract foreign investors into this kind of agreement and encourage international oil companies to explore natural resources, several legal safeguards are incorporated in the concession agreement. Examples of this include placing the contract in the framework of a legislative act, granting the contract a supremacy on any contrary legislation, stabilization clause, adaptation of the contract through renegotiation, arbitration clause, etc.
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Li, Hui, Ruiqin Li, Jianwei Zhang, and Pengyu Zhang. "Development of a Pipeline Inspection Robot for the Standard Oil Pipeline of China National Petroleum Corporation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082853.
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The periodic inspection for oil pipelines is required due to the deterioration over time. A multitude of factors brings such a deterioration, from corrosion, leaks, to cracks, which may lead to blowbacks and cause the damages for operators and the environments. With the progress of robotics technology, various types of mobile robots and mechanisms are designed to cope with this issue. Rather than the assignment of human workers in hazardous environments, the deployment of such kinds of inspection robots can take on this duty more time-efficiently and safely, preventing the human workers from the high-risk of the inspection task in the oil pipelines. This paper presents a novel design of a mobile robot for oil pipeline inspection, which is cooperated with the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). With the improvement of the previous inspection robot used in CNPC’s standard oil pipelines, the newly designed robot is composed of six groups of symmetrical supporting wheels, and a more powerful motors as well as a more advanced control system. This new design endows the oil pipeline inspection robot with better performance on six aspects: traction, obstacle-adaptivity, operation endurance, gradeability, visual perception, and stability. The field testing results at multiple oil transfer stations across several months demonstrate the reliability of this mobile robot under various severe situations in China and validate its performance in the studied aspects.
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EZIRIM, GERALD EKENEDIRICHUKWU. "Oil Crimes, National Security, and the Nigerian State, 1999–2015." Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109917000238.
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AbstractThe discovery of oil in commercial quantity in Nigeria in 1956 ushered in a period characterized by endemic crises of oil rents management and corporate insecurity. From 1999, democratic renewal, backed by excess oil rents returns, made the popular democratic control of oil wealth critical. The consequent rentier management of oil wealth, excluding the citizens and their huge expectations occasioned threats to national security, thus punctuating limited democratic control of oil wealth, or lack of it. Employing the ex-post-facto research design, primary data for the study were generated from focus group discussions with experts in the oil sector, while other sources were from observations of the Nigerian Navy, Nigerian Customs Service, Nigerian Police, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Logical induction was used to analyze the data. Anchored on a frustration-aggression conceptual and theoretical framework, the study found that deprivation of oil benefits to Nigerian citizens manifested in illegal oil bunkering, pipeline vandalization, cross-border smuggling of petroleum products, attacks on oil installations, kidnapping, and piracy, with attendant threats to national security.
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Liu, Jian, and Sheng Feng Zhu. "Primary Studies on the Offshore Oil Spill Detection System Using the Satellite Remote Sensing Technology Developed by China National Offshore Oil Corporation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.580.
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Oil spill detection has important significance for the oceanic environmental protection. With the rapid development of the satellite remote sensing, remote sensing technique has become one of the important and effective tools in oil spill detection. This paper discussed the method of the offshore surface oil spill detection using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The oil spill detection systems used at home and abroad is evaluated. Finally, the feasibility of the oil spill detection system based on the satellite remote sensing developed by China National Offshore Oil Corporation is studied.
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Huang, Xin, and Nan Jun Lai. "WTO Accession Brings Opportunities, Challenges to CNOOC and Corresponding Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1492.
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China join in WTO means that China petroleum industry will be integrated into economic globalization also means that China petroleum industry will have a direct impact by market competition. As being Chinese’s largest offshore oil and gas producer, China National Offshore Oil Corporation must take active measures to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by joining the World Trade Organization.
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NANBA, TAKAO. "Research on CO2 miscible flooding by Technology Research. Center of Japan National Oil Corporation (Part 1)." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 51, no. 4 (1986): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.51.314.
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Hardus, Sarah. "Chinese National Oil Companies in Ghana: The Cases of cnooc and Sinopec." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (October 8, 2014): 588–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341319.
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This article uses the case of Ghana to provide insight into the policies and strategies used by, as well as the cooperation between, Chinese state actors in their quest for natural resources in Africa. In 2007, Ghana discovered commercial quantities of oil. While the so-called Jubilee oilfield was initially divided amongst primarily Western oil companies, in 2010 the China National Offshore Oil Corporation partnered with Ghana’s national oil company to try and purchase a stake in Jubilee. Although this bid was rejected, later that year a second Chinese state-owned oil company, Sinopec, was able to access Ghana’s oil indirectly through an offtaker agreement, linked to a $3 billion dollar loan provided by the state-owned China Development Bank. The article uses these two cases to examine the level of coordination between the strategies of Chinese state actors in their attempts to access African natural resources. It shows that China’s national oil companies and policy banks operate in increasingly autonomous ways. This goes against the developmental state thesis, which argues that the Chinese state has full control over the overseas activities of its state actors. The article also shows that national political institutions in Africa can make use of and are able to influence Chinese resource deals, countering the notion of African passivity.
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Musadieq, Mochammad Al. "Factors causing employees to resign from foreign oil company in China National Oil Offshore Corporation South East Sumatra (CNOOC SES Ltd.)." International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management 10, no. 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpim.2020.117163.
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Al Musadieq, Mochammad. "Factors causing employees to resign from foreign oil company in China National Oil Offshore Corporation South East Sumatra (CNOOC SES Ltd.)." International Journal of Business Process Integration and Management 10, no. 2 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpim.2020.10040373.
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Okarah, Anthony Chidiebere, and Emeka Austin Ndaguba. "Assessing the Implementation of the Deregulation Policy of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) (2003 – 2012)." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i3.92.
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The Nigerian oil and gas sector plays avery dominant role in the nation’s economy with over 90% in 2011 and 98% in 2012 of the nation’s foreign exchange earnings (Ibanga, 2011; CBN, 2012). About 36 Billion barrels of crude oil reserve and 19.2 Billion cubic meters of natural gas is deposited in the country. This paperassesses the implementation of the deregulation policy in Nigeria (2003-2012),with a focus on the Nigerian NationalPetroleum Corporation (NNPC). The study used informed knowledge in providing analysis for the study. The study found out that the two major challenges inhibiting the implementation of the deregulation policy by NNPC are, price control, and effect of global market. The study recommended among others that, for Nigeria to realize its potential and reap the benefits of deregulating the sector, the NNPC must tailor the implementation of the policy in a manner that will take cognizance of the socioeconomic challenges facing Nigerians by recognizing and engaging community help services in communities where exploration takes place.
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MIYATAKE, Shuichi, Tetsuya HONJO, Kunihito YAMAMOTO, Tetsuo SUZUKI, and Nobuyuki MASUDA. "Overseas Metals Exploration and Its Future Perspective of the Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC)." Shigen-to-Sozai 121, no. 7 (2005): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.121.318.
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Boben, Mark, and Liu Yuheng. "OIL SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT—BOHAI SEA—CHINA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-905.
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ABSTRACT Oil spill response along the coast of China has been recognized as an important issue by the Chinese government. The Bohai Sea in particular, is an area of high oil exploration and production activity, with offshore developments comprising platforms and FPSO's (floating, production, storage and off-loading) together with associated vessels and pipelines. Major shipping lanes from the East China Sea into China also pass through the offshore oil fields. For the oil companies operating in the area, the prospect of an accidental oil spill is a concern from both a domestic and international perspective. In 2000, the companies involved in upstream activities in the Bohai Sea began discussions with the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) to develop an oil spill response capability. Led by ConocoPhillips, the international oil companies worked with CNOOC to build a framework for developing an oil spill response organization (OSRO) to provide appropriate services within the Bohai Sea. The key tenet for this OSRO, was to be able to perform to international standards. In 2002, the CNOOC executive management, through its subsidiary, Bohai Corporation(COOBC) committed to establishing a commercial oil spill response organization, Bohai Environmental Services Ltd. (BES). The BES remit is focused on the Bohai Sea, but with the eventual goal of providing response services along the wider China coastal region and eventually fulfilling a longer term vision of expanding into the international market. This Paper describes the standards required by the international oil companies and how BES was conceived and organized to meet them.
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Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina. "Desain Konstitusional Hukum Migas untuk Sebesar-Besarnya Kemakmuran Rakyat." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1413.
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Tata kelola migas Indonesia diatur dan dituangkan dalam suatu undang-undang. Undang-undang migas pertama adalah UU No 44 tahun 1960. UU ini kemudian diganti menjadi UU No. 8 Tahun 1971 yang memberikan fungsi ganda kepada Pertamina yaitu sebagai operator dan regulator, sedangkan fungsi kebijakan dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Penggabungan dua fungsi ini dikenal sebagai sistem dua kaki. UU No. 22 Tahun 2001 untuk menggantikan UU No. 8 Tahun 1971. UU yang baru ini memisahkan fungsi regulasi dari Pertamina dan memberikannya kepada lembaga yang dikenal sebagai BPMIGAS yang saat ini diganti menjadi SKK Migas. Pemisahan ketiga fungsi ini dikenal sebagai sistem tiga kaki. Akan tetapi, UU No. 22 Tahun 2001 banyak menerima kritikan, terutama karena UU ini dinilai terlalu liberal. Misalnya, Pertamina sebagai perusahaan negara (NOC) harus bersaing secara terbuka dengan perusahaan asing (IOC) yang notabene mempunyai banyak kelebihan baik dalam teknologi, kapital, maupun manajemen resiko; sehingga UU ini sering dicap sebagai pro-asing karena UU No 22 tersebut ternyata lebih banyak memberikan kelonggaran kepada IOC. Alhasil, beberapa kelompok masyarakat maupun perorangan mengajukan gugatan kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) untuk meninjau kembali beberapa pasal. Sejak UU No 22/2001 disahkan, Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) telah beberapa kali melakukan pembatalan terhadap pasal-pasal dalam UU tersebut, sehingga legalitas secara utuh dari UU tersebut dipertanyakan. Carut marutnya Tata kelola migas yang ada telah menyebabkan stagnasi berkepanjangan dalam industri migas nasional, bahkan lebih tepat telah menurunkan kinerja industri strategis ini. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan uraian berkenaan dengan fondasi desain Hukum Migas berbasiskan arah dari putusan-putusan MK terkait UU No 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi.Indonesian oil and gas governance and has set forth in a spesific law. The first oil and gas laws is Emergency Law No. 44 of 1960. This law was changed to the Law No. 8 of 1971 which provides a dual function, namely to Pertamina (NOC) as the operator and regulator, while the functions of the policy making implemented by the government. These two functions is known as 'two feet'. Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 as new law start separating regulatory functions from Pertamina and give it to the state agencies known as BPMIGAS which is now changed to SKK Migasfor upstream and BPH Migas for downstream. These functions is known as 'three feet'. However, Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 received a lot of criticism, because this law is considered too liberal. For example, Pertamina as a NationalOil Company (NOC) have to compete openly with a International Oil company (IOC) that in fact has many advantages both in technology, capital, and risk management; so this law is often labeled as pro-foreign as Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 turned out to give more leeway to the IOC. As a result, Civil Society through NGO and individuals filed a lawsuit with the Constitutional Court (MK) to review most of the article which indicated inconstitutional norm. Since Oil and Gas Law No 22 of 2001 was passed, the Constitutional Court (MK) has has decided to null and avoidmost of the clauses in the Law, so that legality is in question. Bawdy Governance under existing oil and gas Law has led to prolonged stagnation in the national oil and gas industry, even more appropriately have lowered the performance of this strategic industry. This study is intended to provide a description with respect to create design based on the direction of the Oil and Gas Law of Constitutional Court Desicions
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Nwokedi, Theophilus Chinonyerem, and Kenneth U. Nnadi. "Estimating the Theoretical and Empirical Probability Coefficients of Oil Pipeline Transport Infrastructure Failure Modes in Nigeria’s Coastal Ecosystem: Panacea for Non Optimal Deployment of Pipeline Safety and Security Management Systems." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2018-0017.
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Abstract Failure of oil pipeline transport infrastructure in Nigeria’s coastal ecosystem has continued to pose serious environmental problems with consequent economic effects. This study estimated the theoretical and empirical probabilities oil pipeline infrastructure failure modes in Nigeria. Historical research design approach was used in which time series data of 10 years on Nigeria’s coastal oil pipeline infrastructure failure modes were obtained from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. The statistical method of probability theory was used to determine the theoretical and empirical probabilities of oil pipeline infrastructure failure modes in order to optimally deploy pipeline safety and security management strategies. It was found that pipeline infrastructure failure by Vandalism poses the highest empirical probability and risk of occurrence.
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Osman Mahmoud Dalil, Abdelmotalab, and Asim Ibrahim Mohammed Yousif. "THE EFFECT OF INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS ON OIL EXTRACTION UNDER STRATEGIC RESERVES.THE CASE OF SUDAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION- SUDAPET." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 1101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13218.
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This research aimed to identify the extent to which the costs of intangible drilling affect oil extraction under strategic reserves. To achieve this objective, the research used the descriptive analytical approach. The research also used the questionnaire method, as a research instrument, where, (41) questionnaire forms were distributed to a random sample of employees working at the Sudapet Company- Sudan in 2021. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS). The research has reached, the fact that the end of service indemnity is expensive, which causes the company to incur a huge amount of money. The research has also reached the fact that roads need pavement, and modern machineries are very expensive. Needless to say, that machineries and equipment consume much fuel. The research, on the other hand, recommended the guarding of oil fields by the national army to prevent theft. The research also recommended the preparation of maps and geological survey, and the building of residences for experts and employees in the area of oil fields. This is in addition to remove the natural obstacles such as trees, and rocks that hinder the performance of machineries and equipment.
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Wambugu, Conrad, and James Ngang’a. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OIL PRICES, EXCHANGE RATES AND MAIZE PRICES IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.44.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between oil prices, Exchange rates and maize prices in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted exploratory and descriptive design. Exploratory research was used to understand the relationships among the variables of this research. Descriptive research was used to understand the current situation. The population used for the 3 variables are; Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC) crude oil prices for oil prices, Central Bank of Kenya for KES/USD exchange rates and Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) Nairobi (due to missing data for Eldoret) wholesale maize prices per metric ton for maize prices.Results: The study findings revealed that these three markets namely the crude oil market, the foreign exchange market and the commodity market have separate risk management dynamics and should be administered individually. Central Bank of Kenya prudential guidelines (2008) on risk management that came into effect this year, mandate financial institutions to use derivatives to manage risk by using different kinds of instruments like foreign exchange derivatives interest rate derivatives, commodity based derivatives etc. though implementation has not started. However, current risk management strategies in the financial market allow for hedging against adverse movement in foreign exchange market. This would drastically reduce the costs of imports especially petroleum products and its derivatives that go into production.Policy recommendation: The study recommended creation of a commodity exchange that would add value to commercial participants such as farmers and millers with benefits accruing to consumers. This could prove difficult in the beginning especially in policy guidelines and implementation but would prove worthwhile in the end. Some of the steps taken towards a fully-fledged commodity exchange is the introduction of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS). This allows farmers to concentrate on farming as they store their produce for future selling and also as security for loans in commercial banks.Procurement policies should be reviewed especially in regards to the oil sector. Although the government through the Kenya Gazette, 2012 has granted a 30% import quota of refined petroleum products to oil marketer National Oil Corporation of Kenya and 100% import quota of crude oil to Kenya Petroleum Refinery Limited (KPRL) hence giving them volumes needed to hedge in the international market, steps should be taken to widen the scope of players to involve the private sector to participate. Keywords: Relationship, oil price, Exchange rates and maize prices in KenyaPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between oil prices, Exchange rates and maize prices in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted exploratory and descriptive design. Exploratory research was used to understand the relationships among the variables of this research. Descriptive research was used to understand the current situation. The population used for the 3 variables are; Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC) crude oil prices for oil prices, Central Bank of Kenya for KES/USD exchange rates and Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) Nairobi (due to missing data for Eldoret) wholesale maize prices per metric ton for maize prices.Results: The study findings revealed that these three markets namely the crude oil market, the foreign exchange market and the commodity market have separate risk management dynamics and should be administered individually. Central Bank of Kenya prudential guidelines (2008) on risk management that came into effect this year, mandate financial institutions to use derivatives to manage risk by using different kinds of instruments like foreign exchange derivatives interest rate derivatives, commodity based derivatives etc. though implementation has not started. However, current risk management strategies in the financial market allow for hedging against adverse movement in foreign exchange market. This would drastically reduce the costs of imports especially petroleum products and its derivatives that go into production.Policy recommendation: The study recommended creation of a commodity exchange that would add value to commercial participants such as farmers and millers with benefits accruing to consumers. This could prove difficult in the beginning especially in policy guidelines and implementation but would prove worthwhile in the end. Some of the steps taken towards a fully-fledged commodity exchange is the introduction of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS). This allows farmers to concentrate on farming as they store their produce for future selling and also as security for loans in commercial banks.Procurement policies should be reviewed especially in regards to the oil sector. Although the government through the Kenya Gazette, 2012 has granted a 30% import quota of refined petroleum products to oil marketer National Oil Corporation of Kenya and 100% import quota of crude oil to Kenya Petroleum Refinery Limited (KPRL) hence giving them volumes needed to hedge in the international market, steps should be taken to widen the scope of players to involve the private sector to participate. Keywords: Relationship, oil price, Exchange rates and maize prices in KenyaPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship between oil prices, Exchange rates and maize prices in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted exploratory and descriptive design. Exploratory research was used to understand the relationships among the variables of this research. Descriptive research was used to understand the current situation. The population used for the 3 variables are; Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC) crude oil prices for oil prices, Central Bank of Kenya for KES/USD exchange rates and Food Agricultural Organization (FAO) Nairobi (due to missing data for Eldoret) wholesale maize prices per metric ton for maize prices.Results: The study findings revealed that these three markets namely the crude oil market, the foreign exchange market and the commodity market have separate risk management dynamics and should be administered individually. Central Bank of Kenya prudential guidelines (2008) on risk management that came into effect this year, mandate financial institutions to use derivatives to manage risk by using different kinds of instruments like foreign exchange derivatives interest rate derivatives, commodity based derivatives etc. though implementation has not started. However, current risk management strategies in the financial market allow for hedging against adverse movement in foreign exchange market. This would drastically reduce the costs of imports especially petroleum products and its derivatives that go into production.Policy recommendation: The study recommended creation of a commodity exchange that would add value to commercial participants such as farmers and millers with benefits accruing to consumers. This could prove difficult in the beginning especially in policy guidelines and implementation but would prove worthwhile in the end. Some of the steps taken towards a fully-fledged commodity exchange is the introduction of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS). This allows farmers to concentrate on farming as they store their produce for future selling and also as security for loans in commercial banks.Procurement policies should be reviewed especially in regards to the oil sector. Although the government through the Kenya Gazette, 2012 has granted a 30% import quota of refined petroleum products to oil marketer National Oil Corporation of Kenya and 100% import quota of crude oil to Kenya Petroleum Refinery Limited (KPRL) hence giving them volumes needed to hedge in the international market, steps should be taken to widen the scope of players to involve the private sector to participate.
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Gao, Shian, and Chimaobi Dennar. "Computational Simulation of Multi-Product Flow in an Oil Transportation Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.161.
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This paper presents a predictive investigation using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) techniques focusing on the study of contamination that occurs between different products in an oil pipeline under normal operating conditions. The use of CFD techniques yields detailed flow conditions including the velocity fields, phase distribution and interface evolution, which can provide valuable information to the oil industry especially in the distribution of oil products. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used in this project in a pipe with two fluids. Simulation results show the interface evolution between the two fluids and how it is affected by properties such as viscosity ratio and pressure difference. Operational data from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation was obtained to validate the results from the simulations.
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McLachlan, K. "Libya's Oil Resources." Libyan Studies 20 (January 1989): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006749.
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Libya is by most definitions an oil-based economy. Yet academic study of the national oil industry is at best fragmentary. The reasons for the poor showing of the Libyan oil industry in the literature stem partly from the relative decline in its international importance since the mid-1970s and partly from the ambiguity over acknowledgement of the role of the oil industry within Libya.The growth of the Libyan oil industry dates from 1951 and the coming of national independence. There had been surveys of a small scale and technologically limited kind in Libya in the Italian period. Some shows of oil had been discovered in Tripolitania as early as 1914 when water wells were drilled to supply Tripoli city (Waddams 1980, 27). Other oil was discovered in Tripolitania in the 1930s and a full scale exploration programme was prepared in the years 1937–1940 by the Italian national oil corporation under the geological guidance of Professor Ardito Desio, but never fully implemented due to the onset of war. Indeed, Desio was to return as a consultant to the oil companies working in Libya in the 1950s.In 1953 a mineral law was issued which paved the way for the grant of concessions to foreign oil companies to explore and develop oil resources. A petroleum law was promulgated in 1955 which offered rather more favourable terms on fees, rents, royalties and expensing to the oil companies than were available in other longer established oil producing states of North Africa and the Middle East (cf. Waddams, 1980, 57–70). At the same time, the assets of the oil companies in Libya were given far reaching protection under amendments of the petroleum law. The consequence of the generous operating terms of this and subsequent revisions of the law (1961 and 1965) was a rapid growth in the number of concessionaries exploring for oil within the country. The open-door policy pursued by the government was much criticised at a later period. Undoubtedly, however, it did succeed in attracting a wide spectrum of oil companies into Libya, including the major ones, such as Esso, Royal Dutch/Shell, Texaco, Gulf, BP and Mobil, together with many small independent interests. The best international techniques for exploration and development were put to work in Libya within a very short space of time, bringing the country rapidly into the ranks of the main oil-exporting states. Oil exports began on a commercial scale in September 1961 from Esso's Zelten fields in the Sirtican area, concession No. 6.
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Lau, Quentin. "Dragon Fears: An Examination of Canadian Perceptions of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises." Agora: Political Science Undergraduate Journal 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/agora19906.
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“What’s so scary about the CNOOC-Nexen deal?” 1 reads an article regarding the recent takeover bid. Although the deal has been fully approved, the question is one of many still gripping the issue over CNOOC’s (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) takeover bid of Nexen, a Calgary based oil and gas company. 2 However, this ongoing issue has broader implications; specifically if Chinese state-owned enterprises (hereafter SOEs) present a challenge or opportunity for Canadian national security interests. With the decline in trade and economic activity in the United States, Canada’s largest trading partner, new opportunities for Canada have presented themselves. China is one of them, a rapidly developing state whose hunger for energy continues to grow. The uneasiness that has come with the CNOOC-Nexen deal and the Canadian government’s recent response, displays the misguided approach of Canada towards the growing Chinese power. This paper explores the erroneous conceptions of Chinese SOEs, the implications of this and the possible solutions that can benefit Canada in the long term.
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Awujola, Abayomi, Anna Dyaji Baba Iyakwar, and Ropheka Emerson Bot. "Examination Of The Relationship Between Oil Price Shock And Macroeconomic Variables In Nigeria." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 1 (2020): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(1).102-110.2020.
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The price of oil is one of the important macroeconomic indicators because of the extreme importance of supplying oil to different countries of the world to meet their energy needs. As Nigeria’s economy depends on oil prices, the country remains vulnerable to fluctuations in world oil prices. During periods of rising oil prices caused by macroeconomic and political conditions in the international market, the state usually has a positive trade balance, there is an increase in foreign exchange reserves and the revaluation of the national currency. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the relationship between an oil price change and Nigeria’s economic growth rate using regression analysis. The source of statistical information is data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, and the Nigerian Energy Commission. By checking the time series for steady-state using the advanced Dickie-Fuller test, a regression equation is constructed where the dependent variable is represented as the price of oil and the independent variables are key macroeconomic indicators. The econometric model constructed is adequate because the determination coefficient and the adjusted determination coefficient are 0.97 and 0.96 respectively. The Durbin-Watson statistic in the model is 1.98, meaning the model is reliable. Oil price fluctuations have been found to be related to investment, economic growth, and exchange rates, as well as to inflation. The paper argues that the use of the shock of oil prices should be supported, as it promotes economic growth and is not inflationary. Therefore, the authors believe that the government, which is the main beneficiary of cash, should also implement strategies that counterbalance the propensity for the economic downturn. Based on the analysis, a set of priority measures was proposed: enhancing financial liberalization, combating corruption, transparency of government activities, creating an open currency market, and developing non-inflationary monetary and fiscal strategies. Keywords: oil price, macroeconomic variables, energy needs, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Dickie-Fuller Extended Test, Petroleum Exporters.
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Wei, Yuan, Yue Jin, and Wenjie Zhang. "Treatment of High-Concentration Wastewater from an Oil and Gas Field via a Paired Sequencing Batch and Ceramic Membrane Reactor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061953.
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A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a ceramic membrane bioreactor (CMBR) were used in conjunction (SBR+CMBR) to treat high-concentration oil and gas field wastewater (HCOGW) from the China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhanjiang Branch (Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the oil concentrations in the wastewater were 20,000–76,000 and 600–2200 mg/L, respectively. After the SBR+CMBR process, the effluent COD and oil content values were less than 250 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively, which met the third level of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards of China (GB8978-1996). Through microbiological analysis, it was found that the CMBR domesticated a previously unreported functional microorganism (JF922467.1) that successfully formed a new microbial ecosystem suitable for HCOGW treatment. In conjunction with the SBR process, the CMBR process effectively reduced pollutant concentrations in HCOGW. Moreover, economic analyses indicated that the total investment required to implement the proposed infrastructure would be approximately 671,776.61 USD, and the per-unit water treatment cost would be 1.04 USD/m3.
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Mobene Eneriene Luke and Lucky Obukowho Odokuma. "Acute toxicity of crude oil from NNPC and artisanal refineries in Niger Delta on selected aquatic biota." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0143.
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The spill of Crude oil from artisanal refineries and government owned pipelines has become recurrent situation in the Niger Delta, leading to devastating effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The toxicity of Crude oil from NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) refinery and selected artisanal refineries in Bolo, Twon-Brass and Ekpemu of the Niger Delta were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the products from the artisanal refineries short fall of the standards of Crude oil for refineries, as they contained impurities. The toxicity of the Crude oil was tested using three representatives of different trophic levels in the aquatic habitat; Fish (Tilapia guineensis), Crusteceans (Paleamonetes africanus), and Moluscs (Tympanotomus fuscatus). The LC50, NOEC, LOEC, and TUa were the indices used for toxicity assessment of the crude oil on the test organisms. The study revealed that all the Crude oil samples were toxic to the organisms. The degree of toxicity of crude oil showed the following trend; Ekpemu (LC50 – 0.02ppt)> Twon-Brass (LC50 – 0.06ppt)> Bolo (LC50 – 0.11ppt)> NNPC (LC50 – 4.63ppt), while the degree of sensitivity was; Tilapia guineensis > Paleamonetes africanus > Tympanotonus fuscatus. The findings further emphasize the need to control Crude oil spillage into the aquatic ecosystem.
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Adewale, Ombolaji. "Oil Spill Compensation Claims in Nigeria: Principles, Guidelines and Criteria." Journal of African Law 33, no. 1 (1989): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008019.
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In recent times, compensation arising from oil spills has assumed a significant role in the Nigerian oil industry. The significance stems from the fact that, with petroleum operations spillage is inevitable. Oil spills have various effects on the health of the populace as well as the economic and scenic value of the environment. Thus there is the need to minimise the effect of the occurrence of oil spill. One way of achieving this objective is through compensation. The essence of compensation is to make amends for the loss suffered by the victims. In making these amends, the loss experienced by the victim must be recompensed otherwise the compensation cannot be said to be adequate or equivalent to the compulsory sacrifice.Victims of oil spill have claimed that the compensation paid to them is unreasonable and cannot be said to be recompense for their loss. Oil companies on the other hand claim that the compensation paid to the victims is adequate and that they operate within the parameter approved by the Inspectorate Division of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation or the State Ministry of Lands. Apart from this, many claims made by the communities are not honoured by the oil companies on the grounds that they are spurious and speculative. Even when the claims are genuine the oil companies may not pay if the spillage occurred as a result of acts of sabotage.
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Chin, Gregory T. "An uncomfortable truth: Canada’s wary ambivalence to Chinese corporate takeovers." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 73, no. 3 (September 2018): 399–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702018792917.
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This article examines the behavioural patterns of successive Canadian governments in responding to three takeover attempts of iconic high-value Canadian corporates by large state companies from China. The first is China Minmetals Corporation’s attempt to acquire Noranda in 2004–2005 during the Liberal government of Paul Martin, the second is China National Offshore Oil Corporation’s acquisition of Nexen in 2012 during the Conservative government of Stephen Harper, and the third is China Communications Construction Corporation International’s bid for Aecon Group in 2017–2018. This analysis highlights some important similarities in the behavioural response of the Canadian governments across the three cases: ambivalence and wariness. Policy lessons are addressed in the conclusion.
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Cooper, David, and Ingvil Gausemel. "OIL SPILL SORBENTS: TESTING PROTOCOL AND CERTIFICATION LISTING PROGRAM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-549.
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ABSTRACT Environment Canada's Emergencies Engineering Division is spearheading a program in conjunction with the Canadian General Standards Board that would see the development of a certification and listing program in addition to a national standard for the testing of sorbent materials. Funding for this program is provided by Environment Canada (EC), Canadian Coast Guard (CCG), Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS). The test methods are based upon those defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials and previous test methods developed by Environment Canada for our series of reports entitled Selection Criteria and Laboratory Evaluation of Oil Spill Sorbents. This series, which was started in 1975, encompasses a number of commercially available oil spill sorbents tested with different petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. The testing program will categorize the sorbents according to their operating characteristics. The main categories are oil spills on water, oil spills on land, and industrial use. The characteristics we will be evaluating with the new test protocols include initial and maximum sorption capacities, water pickup, buoyancy, reuse potential, retention profile, disintegration (material integrity), and ease of application and retrieval. In the near future we plan to incorporate changes to the test that would involve increasing our list of test liquids to encompass spills in an industrial setting, in addition to testing sorbent booms and addressing the disposal problem.
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Ott, Gary L., June Lindstedt-Siva, and Ann Hayward Walker. "EVOLVING SPILL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS UNDER OPA 90 COULD REDUCE RESPONSE EFFECTIVENESS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-73.
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ABSTRACT Compliance with the provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) and several recently passed state spill laws requires major commitments of time and dollars from industry, government, and taxpayers. Most of this effort has gone into purchase of more response equipment by oil companies, cleanup cooperatives, the new Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC), and government agencies. Government and industry are also committed to increased research and development programs. These efforts have placed the means at hand to improve our ability to respond to spills. It is now time to consider management systems used during spill emergencies. Systems that are evolving under OPA 90 and state spill laws may actually delay the decision-making process and the implementation of effective response during the critical emergency phase of a spill event. Legal issues associated with Natural Resource Damage Assessment could hamper the response by reducing communication and teamwork among responders. These issues should be recognized and addressed in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan and Area Contingency Plans developed under OPA 90. This paper also provides a model for making decisions concerning oil spill response.
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Wang, Nan, and Jing Hua Sha. "The Fact Research of the Equipment and Facilities Integrated Management IT System for Chinese Oil Company." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1839.
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A Chinese oil company realized millions of tons of oil and gas productivity to meet the target of twelfth 5 years plan. It faces many big challenges while fast developing. We need to finish the asset integrated management system, strengthen the key equipment’s management and ensure safety operation. This paper is based on Asset integrated management implementation and risk management theory, to study the information system and IT infrastructure, to provide the evidence for leaders decision making. It can guide the business development and support the improvement, to make the data standardization, control the process and enhance the management and performance assessment ability for the corporation. The article uses the factor research method based on paper survey to analyze the data and IT system. It is divided three parts: background and requirement analysis, infrastructure design and development roadmap. It not only proposed that how to build AIM IT system, but also make the investment and returning analysis. From the degree of IT supporting business, this paper replies the problem of management increasing of National Company and Assets Management Committee.
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Lange, Siri. "Doing global investments the Nordic way." Focaal 2020, no. 88 (December 1, 2020): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.880102.
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In the Nordic countries, unions are represented in company boards and can influence companies’ policies toward labor abroad. This article focuses on the Norwegian national oil company Equinor and its support of unionization of its employees in Tanzania. This was inspired by the Nordic tradition of social dialogue between corporations and strong, independent unions. Corporation managers and union representatives tend to refer to this social dialogue as “the Norwegian model,” but this is a narrow conceptualization of the model that disregards the role of the state. I argue that while it is beneficial for the Tanzanian workers to be organized, it is probably also “good for business” to have unionized workers who have adopted the Nordic collaborative model, rather than a more radical union model.
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Li, Zhong, Lai Bin Zhang, Fan Luo, Bai Ling Zhang, and Shu Ying Tan. "Mechanical Property Analysis of Materials and Application of Buttress Thread Buckle Marine Conductor." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2043.
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At present, offshore drilling operations often use buttress thread casing as surface casing. The design conception of buttress thread casing comes from the offshore drilling’s demands and this kind of casing is mainly used as surface casing. This paper has taken material mechanical experiment, numerical simulation analysis and field test, the research results show that the various parameters of buttress thread casing fully complies with the drilling design requirements and the offshore oilfield production demands. This product can reduce drilling cost effectively, improve working efficiency and safety, and realize manufacture domestically. Meanwhile, the development of this project will fill the blank of the ERW (Electrical Resistance Weld) casing in CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation), and have a broad prospect of application.
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Pavia, Robert, Jacqueline Michel, Jill Petersen, and Lt Stacy Birk-Risheim. "AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT MAPPING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-73.
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ABSTRACT The objective of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) national sensitive environment mapping program is to publish a comprehensive series of standard maps and databases for coastal areas that provide the basis for sensitive environment plans. Sensitive environment maps have been an integral component of oil spill contingency planning and response since 1979, when the first maps were prepared in advance of oil arriving from the Ixtoc I well blowout. Since then, NOAA has undertaken a nationwide sensitive environment mapping effort that covers most U.S. coastlines, including Alaska, Hawaii, and the Great Lakes. As part of cooperative efforts with federal agencies, states, and industry, NOAA is now undertaking a program to achieve three goals: map new areas and update existing maps, provide means for broadly distributing sensitive environment data in paper and electronic forms, and extend sensitivity mapping methods to new environments. In 1994, sensitive environment maps were jointly produced with the states of Texas, California, and Alaska. The Great Lakes materials were completed as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Coast Guard and Environment Canada. With cooperation from the Marine Spill Response Corporation, NOAA is embarking on a program to format sensitive environment maps for computer-based information systems that help implement requirements of the 1990 Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90). NOAA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Office of Pipeline Safety are cooperating to extend sensitive environment mapping approaches to inland waters and terrestrial habitats.
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Najafi, Fazil T., and Roy McKenzie. "Oil Spill Response Systems of South Florida and the Country of Qatar." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1613, no. 1 (January 1998): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1613-14.
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Both South Florida and Qatar have unique needs and requirements for oil spill response, yet both have basic needs for a contingency plan for responding to oil spills. South Florida has a diverse coastal environment that is important not only for its ecosystem but for the revenue it generates from tourism and fishing. Qatar is sitting on the world’s largest natural gas fields and some larger oil fields and is one of the world’s richest countries. The oil spill response system of South Florida differs in operational structure from that of Qatar. South Florida’s response system is a network-based operation controlled by county or city officials, depending on the degree of the spill and availability of resources. Qatar’s system is a central control operation, with primary authority and control of any oil spill response assumed by the Qatar General Petroleum Corporation (QGPC). Local industries are expected to protect their own facilities, but QGPC also responds to those spills that threaten public and government coasts and the Persian Gulf ecosystem. The University of Florida has developed a computerized database for South Florida that enables officials of national, regional, and state response teams to quickly identify and deploy required equipment and personnel for an oil spill and to follow cleanup operations. The specific advantage of the South Florida system over the Qatar system is in the oil spill response information system database, which includes information on oil-sensitive shorelines, response teams, disposal sites, cleanup organizations, and equipment. Furthermore, the typical oil spill cleanup response times for selected contractors indicate the most efficient choice of contractor for possible oil spills at different locations.
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Morijiri, Rie, Mutsumi Nakai, Naoko Ueno, and Tomoko Ogishima. "Paleomagnetic and rockmagnetic study of marine sediment core samples taken by the Antarctic Geological and Geophysical Research Project of Japan National Oil Corporation (FY1980-1999)." BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF JAPAN 56, no. 9-10 (2005): 341–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9795/bullgsj.56.341.
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