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1
Khudoba, V. "Representation analysis of large reserves units network in Western Volyn-Podillia region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 39 (December 15, 2011): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2197.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the network of reserves, national parks and regional landscape parks in Western Volyn-Podillia region. The research has determined their level of representation of nature-territorial complexes of the region itself. It has been suggested in the article to optimize these objects in order to increase their representation by means of creating more regional landscape parks. Key words: nature reserves stock, natural reserve, national park, regional landscape park, natureterritorial complexes.
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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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CHETVERIKOV, B., and A. KOSTYANCHUK. "Method of mapping of the national parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technology." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (September 1, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-84-91.
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Aim. The aim of the work is to create a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies. The objectives of the work are to propose a technological scheme of mapping of National parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies and to describe the methodology of this mapping. Method. The first step was to search for input data and analyze them. Since the data was obtained from free online services, their geometric correction did not make sense, as they were already bound in the coordinate system WGS_1984. The following 11 layers were then vectorized: nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature parks, regional landscape parks, reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, parks-monuments of landscape art. An attribute database with the following structure is created for each vector layer: Name – name of the protected area, Oblast – location (region of Ukraine), Area – area of the territory (ha), Type – type of protected area according to the classification. Different symbols of protected objects are designed for each vector layer. In the future, it is planned to compile an atlas of National Parks and Protected Areas of Ukraine based on the created GIS. Results. As a result of this goal, we obtained a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine, which consists of 11 vector layers according to the classification of nature reserves of Ukraine and contains 1204 objects for which the corresponding attribute tables have been created. Practical significance. The practical significance of this work is quite high, because orderly, systematized spatial and attributive information will: help in resolving issues of land management and recreation; improving management efficiency; to promote the provision and development of scientific activity; to improve the information and educational functioning of the objects of the nature reserve fund, etc.
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Volkov, A. E., and J. de Korte. "Protected nature areas in the Russian Arctic." Polar Record 30, no. 175 (October 1994): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400024566.
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ABSTRACTThe protected nature area system in Russia is well developed in general, although not as well in the Arctic. On 1 January 1994 the total area of all types of Arctic reserves covered about 19.7 million ha, comprising about 10.2% of the area of the Russian Arctic. There are five categories of protected nature areas: strict nature reserwes (zapovedniki), national nature parks (natsional'nyye parki), nature monuments (pamyatniki prirody), special purpose reserves (zakazniki), and nature-ethnic parks (prirodno-etnicheskiye parki). The system of the zapovednik is unique. The oldest strict nature reserve in the Arctic is Kandalakshskiy (1939). Other major nature reserves include Ostrov Vrangelya (created in 1976), Taymyrskiy (1979), Ust-Lenskiy (1985), and Bol'shoy Arkticheskiy (1993). The first nature-ethnic park in the Arctic, Beringiya, was established in 1993. Because of the unstable economic and political situation in Russia, the nature protection system has a difficult time. Furthermore, the legal structure that defines the purpose of and responsibility for these areas is sometimes not completely clear, and a great deal is dependent on presidential decrees that, through time, have limited validity. The cooperation of Russian, western European, and North American scientists who study birds breeding in the Russian Arctic and migration patterns to temperate regions could give major support to the nature re-serves in the Russian Arctic.
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Mordi, A. Richard. "The Future of Animal Wildlife and Its Habitat in Botswana." Environmental Conservation 16, no. 2 (1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008924.
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To conserve its wildlife, Botswana has set aside more than 17% of its total land area as game reserves, national parks, and wildlife management areas. Despite this generous allocation to wildlife, the fauna of the country is declining in both absolute numbers and species diversity. Lack of permanent water-sources in some game reserves, obstruction of fauna migration routes by cattle fences, and a poorly-developed tourist industry, are partly responsible for this decline.In a developing country such as Botswana, tourism should yield sufficient funds for the maintenance of game reserves and national parks. But currently the tourist industry accounts for less than 2% of the gross national product. Unless the industry is encouraged to flourish and expand into dormant reserves such as the Gemsbok National Park and Mabuasehube Game Reserve, animals in those sanctuaries are likely to be driven by drought into South Africa.
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Davenport, Tim R. B., Katarzyna Nowak, and Andrew Perkin. "Priority Primate Areas in Tanzania." Oryx 48, no. 1 (July 17, 2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312001676.
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AbstractPriority Primate Areas are identified in Tanzania, mainland Africa's most important country for conservation of primates, on the basis of occupancy by globally rare, Red-Listed and range-restricted primate species and subspecies. We provide a comprehensive list and regional assessment of Tanzania's primate taxa, using IUCN Red List criteria, as well as the first national inventory of primates for 62 sites. The Priority Primate Areas, encompassing 102,513 km2, include nine national parks, one conservation area, seven game reserves, six nature reserves, 34 forest reserves and five areas with no official protection status. Primate species were evaluated and ranked on the basis of irreplaceability and vulnerability, using a combination of established and original criteria, resulting in a primate Taxon Conservation Score. Sites were ranked on the basis of summed primate scores. The majority (71%) of Priority Primate Areas are also Important Bird Areas (IBAs), or part of an IBA. Critical subsets of sites were derived through complementarity analyses. Adequate protection of just nine sites, including six national parks (Kilimanjaro, Kitulo, Mahale, Saadani, Udzungwa and Jozani-Chwaka Bay), one nature reserve (Kilombero) and two forest reserves (Minziro and Mgambo), totalling 8,679 km2, would protect all 27 of Tanzania's primate species. The addition of three forest reserves (Rondo, Kilulu Hill and Ngezi) and two game reserves (Grumeti and Biharamulo), results in a list of 14 Priority Primate Areas covering 10,561 km2 (1.1% of Tanzania's total land area), whose conservation would ensure the protection of all 43 of Tanzania's species and subspecies of primates.
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Ghimire, Pramod. "Landscape Level Efforts to Biodiversity Conservation in Nepal: A Review of Current Approach and Lessons Learned." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.02032.
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Nepal’s location in the centre of the Himalayan range places the country in the transitional zone between the eastern and western Himalayas. Nepal’s rich biodiversity is a reflection of this unique geographical position as well as its altitudinal and climatic variations. It is recorded that Nepal has a total of 118 types of ecosystem, 75 vegetation and 35 types of forests. Nepal has put utmost efforts to conserve its rich biodiversity resources. The conservation history began formally after promulgation of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act in 1973. National parks and wildlife reserves were established across the country during the 1970s. However, very soon not only some of the adversities were faced by the local people living around the parks and reserves but also the space constraint was realized for the population distribution and dynamics. By realizing the need of people’s participation in the conservation initiatives, country has tested the concept of different types of protected areas system such as national park, wildlife reserve, conservation areas, and buffer zones over the years. Taking the advantage of new progresses in conservation biology, Nepal adopted landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and implemented such approaches in some of the key areas since 2000s. This paper discusses Nepal’s effort in implementing landscape level approach to biodiversity conservation and the lessons learned at national context.
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Margelienė, Jolanta, and Aušra Budrienė. "The System of Lithuanian Protected Territories from Environment Conservation Point of View." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.817.
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The article analyses the system of Lithuanian protected territories as well as their types form environment conservation point of view. The system of protected territories of LR includes the following types of areas: 6 state reserves, 1 biosphere reserve, 396 strict reserves, 5 national parks, 30 regional parks, 29 biosphere polygons and 3 recuperation plots. The system of protected territories, the order of establishment, management and the legal basics of protection of protected territories is determined by the law of protected areas of LR that was approved in 1993. The purpose of reserves is to preserve unique landscape complexes, their biota gene pool, to organize scientific research and observation, to promote natural and cultural values. The aims of the establishment of Lithuanian national and regional parks are not only to preserve naturally and culturally valuable landscape but also to support ethno cultural traditions of Lithuanian regions and to provide conditions for recreation. The purpose of strict reserves is to preserve the complexes of natural and cultural heritage or separate landscape elements, plant and animal species, to secure landscape diversity and ecological balance. Live and inanimate natural monuments are preserved naturally for scientific, cultural, educational and aesthetic needs. The purpose of biosphere polygons is to preserve bird species by assuring favorable conditions, to perform the monitoring of protected species, scientific research, etc. The aim of the recuperation plots is to restore natural resources. The system of Lithuanian legal acts allows applying such limitations that are necessary to preserve existing values in every protected territory.
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Успенский, A. Uspenskiy, Малышева, N. Malysheva, Власов, E. Vlasov, Горохов, and V. Gorokhov. "Methodical recommendations about organization of mammals helminth fauna study in protected areas." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21665.
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In this article is shortly described methods of study of helminth fauna of mammals in protected areas. Methods and results that kind of study are depicted by the example of researches which were carried out in the Central-Chernozem state nature reserve in Kursk oblast. These methodical recommendations intended for researchers of reserves, national parks, parasitologists, mammalogists and broad zoologists.
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ГУЛЬБИНА, А. А. "Marine protected waters of the Far East: pages of history." Вестник ДВО РАН, no. 210(2) (April 27, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/08697698.2020.210.2.006.
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Показана история создания на Дальнем Востоке России морских охраняемых акваторий федерального и регионального статуса заповедников, национальных парков, заказников. The history of creation of marine protected areas of federal and regional status is shown: reserves, national parks, reserves of the Far Eastern seas.
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Beckmann, Elizabeth A. "Interpretation During a School Visit to a Nature Reserve." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 4 (September 1988): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001208.
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AbstractMany teachers take students on visit to Nature Reserves or National Parks. The park management agency generally provides written information/worksheets and an accompanying ranger to provide interpretation. Rarely are these visits subjected to formal evaluation in terms of achievement of environmental education objectives related to park conservation and management values. A pilot study of a school visit of Year 9 students to Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (ACT) found that most students had a good background in terms of previous exposure to National Parks and environmental media, and the excursion provided both an enjoyable and an educational experience. However, there seemed to be a need for basic conservation and management values and ideas to be continually emphasised to ensure their full appreciation and understanding by students.
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Kamil, Indriyati, Oekan S. Abdoellah, Herlina Agustin, and Iriana Bakti. "The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Review Vol.4 (3) July-September. 2019 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjetr.2019.4.3(1).
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This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.
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Yang, Shuhui, and Xiaoyu Duan. "Protection and enlightenment of ecological integrity of Canadian national parks." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101035.
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Canada is one of the first countries in the world to establish a national park, and pioneered the concept of ecological integrity management of national parks. Based on this concept, the country has basically achieved the sustainable development of national parks. China has a vast territory, a large number of scenic spots and nature reserves, but its system and management methods need to be optimized. This paper takes forestry developed countries as an example, summarizes the progress of ecological integrity protection in Canadian national parks, summarizes its current ecosystem adaptive management concepts and implementation methods, Ecological Integrity (EI) monitoring construction and related evaluation index systems, ecosystem protection and restoration. The experience is intended to provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological integrity protection of national parks in China.
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Zhai, Boqiang, and Xitun Yuan. "Discussion on the Integration and Optimization Plan of Natural Reserve-Take Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703003.
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The integration and optimization of nature reserves is an important part of the new round of land and space planning, and it is also an important part of building a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body. This article takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which has many nature reserves and relatively complex conditions as an example, to summarize and study the technical and operational issues involved in the integration and optimization of 30 different types of nature reserves, natural parks and scenic spots in the region. We propose an integration and optimization plan that fits the region, focusing on the treatment of the overlapping and distributed residential land, basic farmland, and major construction projects of each protected area, and provide reasonable suggestions for the integration and optimization of the construction of natural reserves with Chinese characteristics.
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Taber, Andrew B. "The status and conservation of the Chacoan peccary in Paraguay." Oryx 25, no. 3 (July 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034177.
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The Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri is endemic to the dry thorn forest of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Since its discovery by scientists in the 1970s its population has declined due to overhunting, habitat destruction, and possibly disease. As of 1989 about 5000 individuals are estimated to survive in the Paraguayan Chaco. Small dispersed populations still exist in Argentina and Bolivia, but more information is needed on the status of this species in those two countries. In Paraguay, Chacoan peccaries have almost disappeared from the two national parks within their range and the only significant population exists in an area where there are no reserves. The survival of this species depends on enforcing regulations against hunting both within and outside the national parks, translocating animals to the parks, establishing a system of reserves on private land in critical areas, training of Paraguayan wildlife professionals, and environmental education.
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Howard, Peter, Tim Davenport, and Fred Kigenyi. "Planning conservation areas in Uganda's natural forests." Oryx 31, no. 4 (October 1997): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-124.x.
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In the late 1980s the Ugandan Government decided to dedicate a fifth (3000 sq km) of the country's 15,000-sq-km forest estate to management as Strict Nature Reserves (SNRs)for the protection of biodiversity. The Forest Department subsequently undertook a 5-year programme of biological inventory and socioeconomic evaluation to select appropriate areas for designation. Sixty-five of the country's principal forests (including five now designated as National Parks) were systematically evaluated for biodiversity, focusing on five ‘indicator’ taxa (woody plants, birds, small mammals, butterflies and large moths). A scoring system was developed to compare and rank sites according to their suitability for nature reserve establishment and 11 key sites were identified, which, when combined with the country's 10 national parks, account for more than 95 per cent of Uganda's species. In order to satisfy multiple-use management objectives, the Man and the Biosphere model of reserve design is being applied at each forest, by designating a centrally located core area as SNR, with increasingly intensive resource use permitted towards the periphery of each reserve and adjacent rural communities.
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Baron, Jill S., Lance Gunderson, Craig D. Allen, Erica Fleishman, Donald McKenzie, Laura A. Meyerson, Jill Oropeza, and Nate Stephenson. "Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change." Environmental Management 44, no. 6 (May 16, 2009): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6.
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Selezneva, E. V., and I. N. Rotanova. "Ecological background of the transboundary protected touristic territory in Western Altai." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_814.
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Among the priority areas of international cooperation, environmental activities and the environmental imperative can be distinguished, which is directly reflected in the development of networks of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of bordering countries, represented by various forms of organization of environmental institutions (biosphere reserves, nature reserves, national and natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc.). International transboundary territories can often include objects of environmental protection and conservation of biological and landscape diversity of border regions, in particular, transboundary SPNA. The article deals with the organization of transboundary tourist areas in the Altai, including environmental institutions – transboundary conservation and tourist territories (TCTT). As an example, the transboundary biosphere reserve "Great Altai" on the basis of the State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Katunsky" (Russia, Altai Republic) and Katon-Karagay State National Natural Park (Kazakhstan, East-Kazakhstan region) is given. It is proposed to organize SPNA in the Russian-Kazakh border area of the Western Altai – Altai Krai (Russia) and East-Kazakhstan Region (Kazakhstan). Analyzed and evaluated the natural and tourist potential and protected areas of the region for the organization of SPNA in Western Altai.
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Wells, Michael P. "The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
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SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
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F. Recher, Harry. "WildCountry." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030221.
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REGARDLESS of the merits and values of individual national parks and nature reserves, Australia's conservation reserves do not ensure the survival of the continent's biota. There are many reasons for this. Reserves, even the largest, are too small and vulnerable to broad area disturbance. Consider that, in January 2003, fires burnt more than two-thirds of Kosciuszko National Park, which at 690 000 ha is the largest park in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This shows how even the largest conservation reserves are at risk of catastrophic disturbance. The much smaller Nadgee Nature Reserve (21 000 ha) in southeastern New South Wales has burnt almost in its entirety twice in the 35 years I have worked there. The Nadgee fires and those in Kosciuszko were started by lightning and were the result of prolonged drought, events common across the continent. When small size is coupled with isolation, the long-term survival of populations and the exchange of propagules within the reserve system becomes problematical. Small size and isolation do not leave much scope for plants and animals to adapt to long-term climate change, either through dispersal or by evolution. Even reserving 10 or 15% of land for nature conservation, as recommended by some international conservation agencies, will be inadequate; a target of 30% would have better ecological credentials, but even this could prove inadequate unless the nature conservation reserve system was designed to allow for long-term evolutionary change, which it is not (see Archer 2002; Recher 2002a,b).
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Kucharczyk, Halina, Marek Kucharczyk, and Łukasz Wyrozumski. "Screen traps as an efficient method in faunal research on fungus-feeding thrips (Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae)." Polish Journal of Entomology 84, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjen-2015-0017.
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AbstractStudies on fungus-feeding thrips were carried out in two national parks ranked as biosphere reserves: the Białowieża National Park (north-east Poland) and the Bieszczady National Park (south-east Poland). IBL-2 screen traps were used as the main method in the forest communities. Traps were deployed in managed forests and the strict reserve in the Bialowieża NP, and along two trails in the lower forest belt up to its upper border with mountain meadows in the Bieszczady NP. Using IBL-2 traps revealed the presence of ten mycophagous species in the Białowieża NP and six in the Bieszczady NP. In the formerHoplothrips carpathicus,H. fungi,H. unicolorandH. polysticti, and in the latterH. carpathicusandMaderothrips longisetiswere recorded for the first time in Poland.
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Wigginton, M. J., R. D. Porley, and N. G. Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Uganda. 1. BBS Tropical Bryology Group expeditions, 1996-1998. Introduction and collecting sites." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 16, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.16.1.14.
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The British Bryological Society Tropical Bryology Group (TBG) undertook three expeditions to Uganda, in Jan-Feb 1996, Jan-Feb 1997 and June-Jul 1998. Collections were made from 134 sites, mainly from national parks and forest reserves in western and southern Uganda
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Carmean, Willard H. "Intensive plantation management for good-site forest lands in northwest Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83041-1.
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Intensively managed forest plantations occur or are recommended in several Canadian provinces, in Oregon and Washington, in the southern United States and worldwide. Intensively managed plantations help meet increased demands for forest products in these areas. Northwest Ontario also will need increased wood production for increased present and future national and international wood markets. However, a recent Forest Accord for Northwest Ontario has almost doubled the areas reserved for parks and conservation reserves creating a dilemma where increased wood production will be needed from decreased areas of forest land available primarily for timber management. This dilemma can be partially resolved using intensive management for forest plantations established on productive (good site) forest lands. Intensively managed plantations have the potential for producing greatly increased quantity and quality of wood, thus partially resolving present and future wood supply needs. Concentrating wood production on selected good sites in Northwest Ontario also will allow us to dedicate increased areas of forest land to multiple-use management as well as more parks and conservation reserves. Key words: forest land zonation, site-quality evaluation tools, site-specific silviculture, stand and landscape diversity
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Carr, W. M. B., and F. Batini. "Exploration and Mining in National Parks and Conservation Reserves in Western Australia." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 1 (1993): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93010505.
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Carr, William M. B., and Frank E. Batini. "EXPLORATION AND MINING IN NATIONAL PARKS AND CONSERVATiON RESERVES IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1993, no. 2 (1993): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr93020505.
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Kassilly, Fredrick Nyongesa. "National Parks, Game Reserves, and Community Benefits from Conservation: The Kenyan Contradiction." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13, no. 2 (March 12, 2008): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200701883523.
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Theberge, John B. "Guidelines to drawing ecologically sound boundaries for national parks and nature reserves." Environmental Management 13, no. 6 (November 1989): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01868309.
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Awiti, Alex O. "Stewardship of national parks and reserves in the era of global change." Environmental Development 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2011.12.008.
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Schelhas, John. "The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson?" Environmental Conservation 28, no. 4 (December 2001): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000327.
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A highly polarized debate has emerged in the conservation literature about whether national parks in lesser developed countries should follow a strict protectionist model or find ways to accommodate the development and livelihood needs of local people. A number of social science critiques of national park practice and policy in lesser developed countries have argued that one of the chief problems facing national parks in particular, and biodiversity conservation in general, has been the USA national park model, often termed the ‘Yellowstone model’. This model, in which local and indigenous people and uses have been excluded from parks, has been blamed for harming local people, providing benefits to developed country interests at the expense of local people, high costs of park protection, and ineffective biodiversity conservation (Machlis & Tichnell 1985; West & Brechin 1991; Pimbert & Pretty 1995). Alternatives (henceforth referred to as ‘parks and people’ approaches) seek accommodations between parks and local people, and include community-based conservation, which promotes local involvement and/or control in park decision-making, and integrated conservation and development projects, which attempt to ensure conservation by meeting social and economic needs of local people through agroforestry, forestry, tourism, water projects, extractive reserves, and wildlife utilization.
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Laffont, Enrique Rafael, Gladys Josefina Torales, Juan Manuel Coronel, Manuel Osvaldo Arbino, and María Celina Godoy. "Termite (Insecta, Isoptera) fauna from natural parks of the northeast region of Argentina." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 6 (December 2004): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000600016.
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The knowledge of insect biodiversity in natural areas of Argentina is limited, and termites are among the understudied taxa. In order to assess the diversity of Isoptera in some protected areas of the country, termite sampling within three National Parks of the Northeast region of Argentina was developed during 1995-1999. The results presented in this paper correspond to the Chaco National Park (Province of Chaco), Iguassu National Park (Province of Misiones) and Mburucuya National Park (Province of Corrientes). Among the four termite families recorded from Argentina, the family Termitidae was the best represented at the three sampled areas. The recorded genera (15) were: Rugitermes Holmgren and Tauritermes Krishna (Kalotermitidae), Heterotermes Frogatt (Rhinotermitidae), Cornitermes Wasmann, Cortaritermes Mathews, Diversitermes Holmgren, Nasutitermes Dudley, Velocitermes Holmgren (Nasutitermitinae), Amitermes Silvestri, Microcerotermes Silvestri, Neocapritermes Holmgren, Termes Linné (Termitinae), Anoplotermes Müller, Aparatermes Fontes and Ruptitermes Mathews (Apicotermitinae) (Termitidae). None of the collected termite species was common to the three National Parks, and only four of them were detected at two of the reserves. Due to the particular assemblage of termites found at each park, these three natural protected areas could be considered important reserves for the conservation of the termite fauna from the Northeast region of Argentina.
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Dubis, Lidiia, and Nataliia Habchak. "Using Natural Attractions Located on the Transcarpathian region Nature Reserve Fund Territory: Problems and Prospects for Ecotourism." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, no. 1 (2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.01.
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This research highlights the main natural attractions of the nature reserve fund of the Transcarpathian region: the Synevir, Uzhansky and Zacharovanyi Kray national natural parks, the Prytysiansky and Synyak regional landscape parks, and the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. These include, in particular, mountain ridges and peaks, fragments of river valleys, outcrops of rocks and rocky recrements, traces of the glacier (kars, glacier clay), mountain lakes, high moors, numerous springs (including mineral waters), waterfalls (cascading and single-stage), typical and rare species of flora and fauna, as well as valuable forest, subalpine, meadow, flood, etc. ecosystems. Every researched natural reserve territory has its own composition of natural attractions because of location in different natural regions in Ukrainian Carpathians: national natural park "Synevir" demonstrates massif Gorgany in Vododilno-Verhovynski Carpathians; Uzhansky national natural park is fragments of Vododilny middle-mountains highland massif (Vododilno-Verhovynski Carpathians) and Polonynsky massif of Polonynsko-Chornogirski Carpathians; national natural park "Zacharovanyi Kray" is central part of Vygorlat-Gutynsky volcanic strand of Ukrainian Carpathians; regional landscape park "Synyak" – part of mountainstrand of Vygorlat-Gutynsky volcanic strand; regional landscape park "Prytysyansky" – the most valuable natural territories of Prytysyansky alluvial lowland plain (part of Chop-Mukachivska plain). The Carpathian Biosphere Reserve is unique beyond others – it includes six separate massifes (Chornogirsky, Svydovecky, Marmarosky, Kuziysky, Ugolsko-Shyrokoluzansky, Valley of daffodils) and two national botanical reserves ("Chorna Gora" and "Julivska Gora"), which are located on heights from 180 to 2061 m above sea level in west, central and east parts of Ukrainian Carpathians. The most famous of these natural attractions are ecotourist paths and routes operating on the protected nature reserves, near recreational facilities and recreational areas. The biggest problem is the considerable (sometimes excessive) tourist load on these objects, insufficient control over tourist flows, intensive development of tourist infrastructure close to natural attractions and insufficient information and education provision. Some fo the ways to solve these problems are strengthening control over the tourist movement; introducing new types of ecotourism aimed at reducing the simultaneous tourist load on objects and, at the same time, increasing the number of visitors; improving informational and educational support; monitoring of the quality (compliance with environmental standards) of the tourist infrastructure.
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Prokhorov, Ilya Sergeevich, Konstantin Vladimirovich Korneevets, and Sergei Aleksandrovich Bychkov. "Information-Analytical Center for Natural Specially Protected Areas Support." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 26, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2018-26-3-309-314.
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In 2017, which was held in the Russian Federation under the aegis of the Year of Ecology, its 100th anniversary marked the first Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Currently, there are 302 specially protected natural areas (PAs) of federal significance in the Russian Federation. There are 105 nature reserves, 55 national parks, 58 sanctuaries and 17 natural monuments and 67 dendrology parks and botanic gardens with a total area of more than 70 million hectares. In 2018, 2 more national parks in Dagestan Republic and Chelyabinsk region and 6 PAs will be created on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Within the framework of the Concept for the Development of the System of Naturally Specially Protected Areas of Federal Significance for the Period to 2020 the Scientific and Methodological Center (FSBI “Information-Analytical Center for Specially Protected Natural Areas Support” of Ministry for Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation) at once two projects in the field of environmental education “Letters to animals” and in the field of development of ecological tourism and biodiversity conservation “Wild Nature of Russia: to Preserve and to Watch”, protection of areas “Immediate Response Unit”, development of scientific researches “European Chronicle of Nature” and “Educational Centre”.
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Seeland, Klaus. "The National Park Management Regime in Bhutan: Historical Background and Current Problems." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 2, no. 2 (1998): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853598x00145.
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AbstractThis paper gives an account of the recent history and the international and national policy background with respect to the planning and administration of Bhutan's nine national parks, nature reserves and sanctuaries, and sheds light on their current problems. Although more than 25 per cent of Bhutanese territory has been declared protected area over the last three decades, little data is available on the local population's perception of the aims, present status and the benefits of national parks, and their future role in the regional political setting and national resource use policy. Local communities are exposed to the legal limitations of resource use. A national park regime faces the problems of integrating issues of local management with the international community's demands on biodiversity preservation and conservation, and with the objectives of a national resource use concept.
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Blower, John. "Conservation priorities in Burma." Oryx 19, no. 2 (April 1985): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300019773.
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In 1981 the Government of Burma, conscious that it should be doing more to conserve its natural resources, invited the Food and Agriculture Organisation and the Development Programme of the United Nations to assist in a project to identify areas suitable for national parks and reserves. The Minister of Agriculture and Forests has already decided to establish one of the proposed parks, Alaungdaw Kathapa, and it is hoped that the rest will follow. The author was in charge of the project for its three-year duration.
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Adamenko, Oleg, Denis Zorin, Natalia Zorina, and Kateryna Radlovska. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF BISTRIZA-TLUMACH’S AND PRYDNIESTER-POKUTSKIY HIGHLIGHTS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 09 (01) (September 25, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2019.1.2800.
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Abstract. The anthropogenic environmental changes over the past decade have become global for the entire globe. They deeply penetrate into all components of the environment - the lithosphere, the geomorphosphere, the hydropower and the atmosphere, the soil and vegetation, alter the physical fields of the Earth and the Cosmos, transforming the original natural landscapes into natural and human-made geosystems and endangering human health and life. Especially sensitive to changes are the least protected natural landscapes on the territories of the nature reserve fund - natural monuments, nature reserves, regional parks, national natural parks, natural and biosphere reserves. The article deals with the issues of technogenic influence on the part of the territory of the Dniester Regional Landscape Park - Bistriza-Tlumach’s and Prydniester-Pokutskiy hills of the Prut-Dniester interfluve in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The authors carried out an ecological assessment of the environmental components of the specified territory - geological environment, relief, hydro- and atmosphere, soil and vegetation cover. Recommendations on the reduction of anthropogenic influence by introducing geoinformation technology of environmental protection, its modeling and forecasting are offered. Most of the study area has a generally normal ecological status. There are favorable conditions along the Dniester Canyon, where the oxygen content in the atmospheric air is higher than the average. Within a short distance of the Dniester Canyon from the north-west to the southeast, lanes of satisfactory condition stretch. Within them, five sites of complex ecological status have been identified. The comparison of the obtained data of the ecological assessment of the heights on the right riverside with the adjacent territory on the left riverside of the Dniester – located there National Nature Park “Dniester Canyon” showed that practically all geo-ecological structures of the right bank have their continuation on the left riverside. It follows that the Dnistrovsky Regional Landscape Park should be transferred to the category of nature reserve fund “National Nature Park” and be combined with the National Park “Dnistrovsky Canyon”. Keywords: environmental assessment; geoecological state; environmental components; inter-rivers; hills; anthropogenic influence; GIS-technologies.
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Yakymchuk, Alina, Taras Mykytyn, and Andriy Valyukh. "Management of the nature conservation areas of Ukraine’s Polissya region based on the international experience." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(1-1).2017.05.
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In ensuring sustainable development an important role belongs to natural preservation areas with different functions and modes of preservation, where an important place is occupied by natural conservation territories and natural conservation objects that form the natural reserve fund. A system of management of natural reserve fund of Ukraine is associated with many problems and shortcomings. The authors have studied the experience of efficient management of similar institutions in other countries, such as the national natural and regional landscape parks. They have outlined prospects for the development of natural reserves in Ukraine in accordance with international standards and requirements. They have also outlined innovative tools for the protection of biodiversity. They have offered a range of measures to improve the efficiency of the system of management of natural reserves based on the best international practices (establishing standard expenses of the state budgetary financing, insurance, the use of geoinformation technologies, grant projects and programs, adaptive management, restructuring of management, improvement of the organizational structure, effective system of paid services, etc.).
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Carr, W. M. B., and A. J. Smurthwaite. "Access for Exploration and Mining in Western Australian National Parks and Conservation Reserves." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1995, no. 1 (1995): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr95010625.
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Beavis, Sara. "Biophysical Impacts of Recreational Horse Riding in Multi-use National Parks and Reserves." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 12, no. 2 (January 2005): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2005.10648640.
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Streimann, Heinar. "Conservation Status of Bryophytes in Eastern Australia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 9, no. 1 (December 31, 1994): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.9.1.15.
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No bryophyte conservation programs are in place in Australia as the knowledge of bryophytes is poor, especially of their habitat preferences and distribution. The conservation of species against habitats is discussed and it is maintained on present evidence that areas conserved for vascular plants and/or animal habitats, as national parks and forest reserves, in most cases would adequately conserve bryophytes.
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Alekseeva, Tetiana. "The objects of Nature Reserve Fund of Poltava oblast as a factor of ecological tourism development." Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University. Geography, no. 824 (January 30, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.824.2020.48-54.
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The feature of present time is a sharp deterioration of environmental quality, so it is important to form the population with careful attitude to nature. The efficient approach of influence on the people’s consciousness is ecological tourism that is spreading in many countries. Its development in Ukraine is closely connected to environmental areas. That’s why the Nature Reserve Fund for ecological tourism development question is interesting and socially important. At one time, the contribution to the development of ecological tourism was made by domestic and foreign scientists. In this way works of A. S. Kuskov considered the main tasks of ecological tourism and requirements for work. O. Dmytruk defined principles, functions, and integration foundations of ecological tourism. V. V. Khrabovchenko studied the question of origin and development of ecological tourism and analyzed the phenomena of ecological tourism as a factor of stable development. General theoretical and practical aspects of recreational nature management in Ukraine were covered by K. Y. Kilinska, V. M. Rudenko, N. P. Anipko, N. S. Andrusiak, N. I. Konovalova. The foreign scientists B. Dzhons, R. Bakli, H. Lofman developed the conception of ecological tourism. The each region has its own specific conditionals of development of ecological tourism. Among them is the Natural Reserve Fund. The aim of this work is to study the objects of Poltava Regional Natural Reserve Fund as factors of ecological tourism development. The paper used the domestic and foreign geographical sources and methods: descriptive, analytical, synthesis, comparison, deduction, graphic, cartographic and others. Nowadays there are in existence several definitions of the concept ecological tourism. The Ukrainian scientist O. Beidyk thinks ecotourism is a recreational activity which has the least impact on the natural environment. The ecological routes are applied for different purposes: recreational, educational and upbringing, gaining the emotional impressions from communication with nature etc. The Nature Reserve Fund – is a territories and objects which have a special protective, scientific, recreational and other value. They are created for saving the natural diversity, maintaining the general ecological balance and environmental monitoring. Ukraine has 11 categories of nature-reserved objects. All of them differ in potential needed for ecological tourism development. There are 384 objects in Poltava oblast. They make up 4,95% of a the total area of the region. Among them there are 178 partial reserves, 2 national natural parks, 5 regional landscape parks, 137 natural monuments, 2 dendrological parks, 1 botanic garden. The partial reserves are one among the most numerous environmental objects of Poltava oblast. They are created to maintain the ecological balance and to save biological kinds and natural complexes. Botanical, landscape, geological, hydrological, forest partial reserves of Poltava oblast are picturesque areas around coasts of rivers where the plants are well preserved. The environmental legislation still has not provided them for recreational use. Natural monuments are a big category of environmental objects that have protective, scientific, cognitive, cultural, and recreational value. The most promising for tourism developing are complex, botanical, geological and hydrological natural monuments. They can be attracted to make ecological routes, or be used for educational and upbringing purposes. A large value for ecological tourism development has regional landscape parks that are created to save natural complexes and objects to provide the conditions for rest of population. The main functions of regional landscape parks are protective, defense the culture and history memorabilia, recreational and educational. Among of such objects Dykan regional landscape park that saves age-old broadleaf forests. The regional landscapes Kremenchuk Plains park is located within the floodplain and island of Dnipro (Zelenyi and Shalamai) has a lot of opportunities for making of ecologically oriented routes, organizing excursions for pupils and students. Protect tracts are characterized by considerable potential for development of ecological tourism, but the legislative mechanism to use them are still unregulated. The dendrological parks are made to save different kinds of trees and shrubs for the most efficient scientific, cultural, recreational, educational use. So their resources are actively attracted to organization of tourist activity. In this way, the ecological tours are done in the Ustimov dendrological park, where visitors can become familiar with its interesting history and variety of plants. So, environmental territories and objects play a big role for development of ecological tourism in Poltava oblast. The resource of national landscape parks are attracted to the most to recreational activity. The cognitive direction of ecological tourism is the most important for dendrological parks, natural monuments, botanical gardens of Poltava oblast. This gives them special educational and upbringing value. The organization of tourist activities within the protected tracts and environmental areas can still be considered (with some exceptions) as a potential task.
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Wnuk, Z. "Ecotourism – sustainable development." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 1, no. 43 (October 19, 2013): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1569.
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Nowadays tourism has become a very important element of modern life and culture and a significant factor of economical growth. In this article the problem of ecotourism in Poland is presented along with its perspectives of development and the conflicts which occur when it is practised on the large scale. This article presents areas mostly affected by the negative changes during the excessive practice of tourism e.g. seaside areas, high mountains, river banks, forests, caves, national parks, nature reserves. When one particular area becomes a national or scenic park, nature reserve or Natura 200 Area, it immediately attracts increased tourist traffic. All the forms of environmental protection are the most valuable locations to practice ecotourism. The least conflictual form of tourism is ecotourism = sustainable tourism. Key words: forms of environmental protection, ecological education, ecotourism, sustainable tourism.
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Shishkin, N. D., R. A. Ilyin, and D. I. Atdaev. "The Use of Environmentally Friendly Vertical-Axis Wind Power Plants for Nature Reserves and National Parks in Southern Russia." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-11-43-49.
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The efficiency of using original highly efficient vertical-axis wind turbines (VA wind turbines) based on N-Darya-Savonius combined rotors (KR) is substantiated for the national parks of southern Russia. Based on experimental studies, the power factor of the original combined rotor with blades having zigzag flaps was first obtained. The maximum values of the power factor of the CR reaches CP = 0.6 exceeding theoretically possible values for horizontal-axis wind power plants CP = 0.59. When working in a wind turbine, there are no emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, oxygen consumption, thermal pollution, generation of infrasound and noise. VA wind turbines with a power of 1–10 kW, it is advisable to apply for the generation of electric and thermal energy in reserves and national parks.
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Fedoniuk, Vitalina V., Vasyl V. Ivantsіv, Mykola А. Fedoniuk, and Serhiy H. Pankevych. "ПРИКЛАДИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНТЕРНЕТ-РЕСУРСІВ У ПРАКТИЧНОМУ КУРСІ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ЗАПОВІДНА СПРАВА»." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 46, no. 2 (March 12, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v46i2.1192.
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The main categories of web-resources for natural reserves studying are analyzed (sites of state institutions, of public and international nature protection organizations and conventions, electronic libraries and thematic databases etc). The basic operation and features of work with interactive pages of the Red Book of Ukraine and the IUCN Red List are described. Expediency of use of various cartographical online resources for training of natural reserves education is estimated. The topics and examples of specific wording and practical individual classes, based on the use of specialized web-resources, are outlined. Examples of statement of a creative task in the analysis of webpages of national parks of Ukraine are given.
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de Marques, Ana Alice Biedzicki, and Carlos A. Peres. "Pervasive legal threats to protected areas in Brazil." Oryx 49, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000726.
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AbstractBrazil safeguards a vast network of parks and reserves, termed conservation units. The creation of conservation units follows a rigorous legal protocol that grants them long-term stability under varying degrees of formal protection against land-use change. Degazettement, downsizing or downgrading any conservation unit requires a law to be passed. Recent shifts in Brazilian conservation policy have, however, favoured infrastructure projects and agricultural land conversion, even when these initiatives are in direct conflict with established conservation units. Several bills have been proposed by the National Congress, threatening 27 conservation units and bringing the long-term political stability and legal immunity of hitherto sacrosanct reserves into serious question.
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Bradshaw, S. D. "Albert Russell ('Bert') Main 1919 - 2009." Historical Records of Australian Science 22, no. 1 (2011): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10013.
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Bert Main (1919?2009)was recognized both nationally and internationally as one of Australia's leading zoologists and a gifted naturalist. His research and ecological teaching on a wide variety of animals, including frogs, reptiles, birds, insects and marsupials, laid the foundations for three generations of graduate students who were inspired by his imagination and biological insight. His foresight and energy as an administrator on government bodies also led to the creation of some of Western Australia's most important National Parks and Nature Reserves that are vital for the preservation of Australia's rich biodiversity and form part of his enduring legacy.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang, and Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
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Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Kosheliuk, T. V. "FEATURES OF FUNCTIONAL ZONING NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS IN UKRAINE." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391919.
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National natural parks, as one of the forms of nature conservation objects, best reflect the modern concept of the social role of protected areas, according to which the latter are not excluded from the sphere of economic use, but indirectly included in it in qualitatively new forms, in particular, through maintenance of the ecological balance in regions, preservation of specificity and use of ecosystem properties. Unlike nature reserves, national parks play an overwhelming role, while simultaneously combining the environmental and environmental objectives and the social plan. The article presents an analysis of the current state of functional zoning of national natural parks. This problem is very relevant at the present time because of the limited amount of research and data that can be relied on. Another legislative problem is the lack of a unified system for distributing territories between zones. National parks vary in their ratio and quantity in different ways. This problem for modern environmental activities is one of the key, based on the fact that functional zones are not only referred to differently, but also perform excellent functions. The author conducts research on the process of development of functional zoning, his scientific substantiation at the stage of the project organization of the territory of national natural parks. Comparable methods and approaches to the functional zoning of national parks. An example of jurisprudence is presented regarding the occurrence of conflict in the established boundaries of functional zones. Proposals on amendments to the current legislation are made. Functional zoning allows you to resolve conflict situations. Particularly protected natural areas traditionally perform the following functions: nature conservation, research, recreation, educational and cognitive, cultural heritage protection, and economic. The environmental function often conflicts with other target functions. The latter can be combined with each other: recreational and economic, recreational and educationalcognitive. The emergence and exacerbation of contradictions can be influenced by a number of factors: the socio-economic situation, the environmental situation, the existing types of land use and nature use. Avoid contradictions by zoning. Functional zoning reflects the spatial differentiation of environmental regimes and, after that, the differentiation of permissible and necessary activities. Specifying the mode allows you to regulate activities within each zone, determine access opportunities, optimal level of recreational load, rules of the internal order.
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Ustjuzhanin, Peter, Vasiliy Kovtunovich, Pavel Udovichenko, Adrian Armstrong, and Alexander Streltzov. "Plume moths in the protected areas of KwaZulu Natal province, Republic of South Africa." Ecologica Montenegrina 27 (January 10, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.27.2.
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The article gives 70 Pterophoridae species of nature reserves and national parks of KwaZulu Natal province, Republic of South Africa. New taxonomic combinations are revealed, new data on the distribution of Plume moths in the Republic of South Africa are indicated. New generic combinations were established for two species of Marasmarcha ammonias (Meyrick, 1909) and Sphenarches erythrodactylus (Fletcher, 1911). 7 species are recorded for the first time for the province of KwaZulu Natal.
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Slocombe, D. Scott. "The Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias National Parks, Yukon and Alaska: Seeking Sustainability through Biosphere Reserves." Mountain Research and Development 12, no. 1 (February 1992): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673750.
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Barrows, C. W., H. Gadsden, M. Fisher, C. García-De la Peña, G. Castañeda, and H. López-Corrujedo. "Patterns of lizard species richness within National Parks and Biosphere Reserves across North America's deserts." Journal of Arid Environments 95 (August 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.012.
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