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1
Raimundo, Antonio Joaquim. "The Europeanisation of national foreign policy : Portuguese foreign policy towards Angola and Mozambique, 1978-2010." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/471/.
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After its transition to democracy and decolonisation in the mid-1970s, Portugal’s main external focus shifted from Africa and the Atlantic to Europe. However, past priorities continued to occupy an important place in its foreign policy. This thesis assesses the impact of European Union (EU) membership on Portuguese foreign policy by focusing on relations with Angola and Mozambique, the two largest former colonies of Portugal in sub-Saharan Africa. The thesis uses the concept of “Europeanisation”, comprising three relevant dimensions for examining possible changes in the foreign policy of an EU member state: national adaptation (a “top-down” process), national projection (“bottom-up”), and identity formation (socialisation process). In order to better control for the influence of other variables (beyond the EU) on Portuguese policy, the concept of Europeanisation is framed within a foreign policy analysis approach. The study focuses on the period between 1978 and 2010, and covers three policy areas: external trade, development aid and political-diplomatic issues. The application of this analytical framework produced significant evidence of Europeanisation, both in its dimension of national adaptation and, chiefly, national projection. The analysis also revealed variations across policy areas and country cases, with the strongest evidence of Europeanisation found for the domain of trade and for the case of Mozambique in general. These findings give support to studies stressing that EU membership “strengthened” Portugal’s postcolonial relations, but also add a more detailed and nuanced understanding of the EU’s impact on the national level.
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Butler, Stuart. "National prestige and in(ter)dependence : British space research policy, 1959-73." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/national-prestige-and-interdependence-british-space-research-policy-195973(9e35ac4e-8acd-43e0-b9dd-8e87f7def62b).html.
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From 1960-4 the British government embarked on two large-scale space research programmes to develop satellite launchers. After first being cancelled as a military project in 1960, the Blue Streak missile was converted into the first stage of a British-led European collaborative project to build a three stage satellite launcher (through the European Launcher Development Organisation - ELDO). Born out of the Black Knight warhead re-entry testing vehicle, the independent Black Arrow project aimed to launch small satellites for scientific experimentation. With European collaborations, American scientific knowledge, and an Australian testing site, decisions affecting British space research had wide reaching diplomatic as well as domestic consequences. However, by 1973, both of these programmes had been cancelled. By examining the complex formation of British policy on these two space research projects, I will identify the alliances of actors involved focusing on understanding the role of civil servants, and the domestic, economic, and foreign policy priorities which directed their policy-making. This thesis seeks to address two contradictions raised by British policy on space research, and historical analysis of this period. Firstly, if we accept that Britain was not in decline in this period, the how can the history of two projects which is dominated by their cancellation be explained? Secondly, how British governments could reconcile their policy towards ELDO (threatening to withdraw almost yearly from 1966-73) with their stated aim to accede to the European Communities and their repeated rhetoric that the increased potential for scientific and technological collaboration was a key benefit of British accession? In order to address these contradictions I focus on decisions and decision-makers within government. By tracking policy arguments and options to their very beginnings I show throughout this thesis the way in which individuals frame, shape and direct policy. This thesis provides new insights into the foreign and domestic policy priorities of the four governments in this period by tracking the balance of priorities in policy making in two major space research projects. Close examination of ELDO and Black Arrow highlights that their cancellation is not a symbol of British decline, but instead represent active choices by decision-makers to engage in new areas of research. This supports the work of historians challenging the idea that Britain was in decline in this period, and suggests that cancelled projects should be re-examined.
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Al-Saud, Naef bin Ahmed. "Saudi national security policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613642.
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Hussain, Khawar. "Pakistan's Afghanistan policy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHussain.pdf.
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Hanson-Green, Monica. "Russian Foreign Policy and National Identity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/99.
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National identity provides the interpretive framework through which foreign policy makers understand their role in the world and the actions of other states, and can also be utilized as a tool to mobilize public support behind foreign policy maneuvers. Foreign policy in turn is both shaped by constructions of national identity, and often used to forge and substantiate the narratives of national identity which best serve the regime’s domestic interests. This thesis will seek to establish the mutually constitutive relationship between national identity and foreign policy through an analysis of the interaction of these elements in the Russian Federation under President Vladimir Putin. Russian national identity will be considered in its formation with respect to the Historical, Internal, and External ‘Others’ in post-Soviet discourse originally identified by the constructivist analysis of Ted Hopf, with particular emphasis on the evolution of identity narratives disseminated from the Kremlin.
6
Mbah, Jean Martial Arsène. "Les rivalités politiques entre le Front National de Libération de l'Angola (FNLA) et le Mouvement Populaire de Libération de l'Angola (MPLA) : 1961-1975." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010610.
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Cette thèse traite des divergences entre le Front National de Libération de l'Angola (FNLA) et le Mouvement Populaire de Libération de l'Angola (MPLA) de 1961 à 1975, engagés dans la lutte armée contre le Portugal. Elle montre comment les mouvements nationalistes angolais ont, pour des raisons liées à leur propre survie politique, procédé à une déformation de l'histoire nationale en manipulant des faits bien réels. Le processus de libération de l'Angola constitue une exception du fait de la présence sur le terrain de la guérilla de trois mouvements armés antagonistes sur le plan idéologique (FNLA, MPLA et UNITA). Ce manque d'unité entre nationalistes angolais, l'échec des négociations de paix, l'incapacité des autorités portugaises à mener à terme un processus de décolonisation auront pour conséquences, la guerre civile qui a ravagé le pays au lendemain de l'indépendance en 1975 et l'internationalisation du conflit avec les interventions militaires des puissances étrangères.
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Wright, G. V. "A case study of U.S. foreign policy : The Carter administration and Angola." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379061.
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Nunes, Solange Alexandra Batista. "Preliminary assessment on the distribution and density of the carnivores and ungulates of the Iona National Park." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29730.
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In Angola, the terrestrial mammals were harshly affected during the civil war and post-war periods suffering from pressures such as poaching, habitat loss and human-wildlife conflicts. Protected areas play nowadays an important role for their recovery and conservation but there is a lack of contemporary studies. We conducted a preliminary assessment on the distribution and relative abundance of the large and medium-sized mammals in Iona National Park, one of the largest protected areas in Angola, using camera traps, opportunistic observations, and local knowledge. A total of 19 mammal species were recorded being springbok, gemsbok, aardvark and aardwolf the more common. Our research concluded that despite the arid conditions and war effects there is still a reasonable diversity of species within the park and we raise attention to the potential threats facing these due to the increasing human and livestock pressure; Resumo: Em Angola, a comunidade de mamíferos terrestres foi fortemente afetada nos períodos de guerra civil e pós-guerra, sofrendo pressões de caça furtiva, perda de habitat e conflitos homem-animal. As áreas protegidas desempenham atualmente um papel fundamental para a sua recuperação e conservação, mas existe uma lacuna de estudos contemporâneos. Realizamos um estudo preliminar da distribuição e abundância relativa de mamíferos de grande e médio porte no Parque Nacional do Iona, uma das maiores áreas protegidas de Angola, utilizando armadilhagem fotográfica, observações oportunistas e o conhecimento local. Um total de 19 espécies foram registadas sendo que as mais comuns foram: cabra-de-leque, guelengue-do-deserto, porco-formigueiro e protelo. Com este estudo concluímos que apesar das condições áridas e dos efeitos da guerra, ainda existe uma diversidade razoável de espécies dentro do parque e alertamos para as potenciais ameaças que estas enfrentam devido à crescente pressão humana e de gado.
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Johnson, Taylon M. "Autism Policy: State and National Legislation Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/278.
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This research thesis is a policy assessment of the factors that contribute to the current status in treating autism. The policy assessment begins with a description of the key components that that influence policy outcomes in regard to autism.
After developing a policy model that outlines various components of issues and approaches to the policy has on Autism, the paper examines several issues with regard to Autism policy, including the lack of insurance coverage, state legislation, waiting lists, evidence vs. non evidence treatments, and the high price for treatments. The paper also examines current approaches to Autism, and potential solutions. Solution analysis on current policy alternatives is provided and, this suggests that increasing knowledge and awareness of the affects of autism on society needs further attention along with proper funding for early treatment.
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Giannini, Adriana. "A tentative national infrastructure policy for Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21941.
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Throughout history, a well maintained and functioning infrastructure has successfully contributed to Canada's international competitiveness and high standards of living, however, this infrastructure has deteriorated significantly and it poses a threat to Canada's productivity, international competitiveness, economic development and the quality of life of all Canadians. Neglect of Canada's infrastructure over the past several decades has resulted in accelerated deterioration and has caused many assets to become obsolete, unsafe or no longer serviceable long before the end of their service life. The recent, tragic infrastructure failures and distresses reflect these years of neglect and reveal the urgency of bringing infrastructure back to acceptable levels of safety and serviceability. This thesis proposes that a National Infrastructure Policy be developed as a first step towards this improvement. The need for a policy is highlighted by reviewing some of the main findings of the 2007 FCM-McGill Infrastructure Survey and the current trends in infrastructure management. The policy will address the current trends and shortfalls and provide long-term, sustainable solutions to dealing with the infrastructure crisis in a standardized manner nation-wide.<br>Tout au long de l'histoire, une infrastructure efficace et bien entretenue a contribué à la compétitivité internationale du Canada ainsi qu'à l'élévation de son niveau de vie. Cependant, cette infrastructure s'est sensiblement détériorée et est devenue une menace pour la productivité du Canada, pour sa compétitivité internationale, son développement économique et la qualité de vie de tous les Canadiens. La négligence à ce sujet durant ces dernières décennies a provoqué une détérioration rapide et rendu de nombreuses structures obsolètes, dangereuses voir même inutilisables bien avant la fin supposée de leur durée de vie. Les récents sinistres et tragiques défaillances dénoncent ces années de négligence et révèlent un besoin urgent de remettre l'infrastructure canadienne à des niveaux de sécurité et de service acceptables. Cette thèse propose qu'une Politique Nationale d'Infrastructure soit mise en place comme première étape vers cette amélioration. Le besoin d'une telle politique est mis en évidence par certains des principaux résultats de l'Enquête FCM-McGill sur les Infrastructures Municipales - 2007 et par la tendance actuelle de gestion des infrastructures. Cette politique abordera les tendances et insuffisances actuelles et fournira des solutions durables afin de traiter la crise de l'infrastructure d'une manière standardisée à l'échelle nationale.
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Foxcroft, Graham. "Interpol National Central Bureau : an operational policy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50376.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Foreign criminal syndicates are using South Africa as a springboard to commit certain
crimes throughout the world. The crimes vary from fraud to murder to dealing in
drugs. The South African Police Service does possess the capacity and the means to
trace and arrest these criminals but this is not enough. Foreigners arrested in this
country are tried and sentenced without any checks being done in order to determine
whether the subject is possibly sought by other policing agencies throughout the
world.
One of the means available to the South African Police Service but which is
completely under utilizsed is the component "Interpol", which is based within the Crime
Intelligence division at Head Office in Pretoria. One reason for the under utilisation of
this component is the absence of an operational policy. The design of a policy
document will inform members of the South African Police Service of the environment
in which Interpol operates and what contribution it can make in respect of- the
investigation of crimes that have an international dimension.
The theoretical aspects of the policy environment have been discussed and it was
found that it is of importance that the proper goals and objectives are formulated and
that policy analyst must be able to differentiate between the two. As progress is made
in respect of the policy document the analyst will have to keep abreast with current
tendencies and make the necessary adjustments. These changes must not be of
such a nature that the goals and objectives of the policy document are changed or
altered.
By the middle of the nineteenth century, the police, especially in Europe, began to
realise that criminals were regularly committing offences in other countries and then
returning to their own country. There was nothing that the police could do in this
regard as the extradition of a criminal was done applied for in exceptional
circumstances. The possibility of establishing an international policing agency in order
to assist all policing agencies in combating these "cross-border" crimes was
investigated. The first conference was held during 1914 in Monaco. This was the first
of many conferences that would lead to the establishment of the international policing
agency known as "Interpol". South Africa only joined the organisation in September
1993.
It is proposed that an operational policy document be drafted and send to all the
divisions of the South African Police Service. This document clearly stipulates how
Interpol Pretoria can be of assistance to all the divisions of the South African Police
Service. This includes what must be done when foreign nationals are arrested in
South Africa and when members of the South African police Service undertake official
journeys to foreign countries. The document also includes how the component is
managed, its structure and the nature of its duties. Research has proven that there is a need for a policy document for Interpol Pretoria.
It is recommended that the operational policy document be accepted. Once accepted,
the document must be converted into a national instruction. The advantages of a
document of this nature are:
./' The component already exists and no additional funding is required to establish
the component.
./' More members of the South African Police Service will be able to make use of
the services rendered by the component.
Of the disadvantages in this regard, is that it is a long-winded procedure that has to be
followed before the document is approved. Visits will have to be undertaken to hold
"information sessions" with the commanders within the various provinces.
Research has illustrated that policy documents are valuable within the Public Service.
The absence of a policy document is not necessarily a disadvantage to certain units
within the policing environment but when it comes to available resources not being
optimally utilized, the reason therefore could be the absence on an operational policy.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika word deur buitelandse misdaadsindikate as afsetgebied gebruik om
sekere misdade oor die hele wêreld heen te pleeg. Die misdade wissel van bedrog tot
moord tot dwelmhandel. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens beskik weloor bronne en
kennis om die misdadigers op te spoor en in hegtenis te neem. Maar dit is nie genoeg
nie. Buitelanders wat in hegtenis geneem word, word vervolg sonder dat daar
vasgestel word of die persoon deur ander polisie-agentskappe in ander wêrelddele
gesoek word.
Van die bronne wat tot die beskikking van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens is, maar
wat heeltemalonderbenut word, is die "Interpol"-komponent van Misdaadintelligensie,
Hoofkatnoor, Pretoria. Een van die redes hiervoor is dat daar geen operasionele
beleid vir hierdie komponent bestaan nie. Die opstel van so 'n beleidsdokument sal
lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens inlig oor die werksmilieu waarbinne
"Interpol" werk en watter bydrae die komponent by die ondersoek van misdade met 'n
internasionale dimensie kan maak.
Die teoretiese aspekte van die beleidsmilieu is bespreek en daar is gevind dat dit van
kardinale beland is om behoorlik geformuleerde doelstellings en doelwitte op te stel.
Die beleidsanalis behoort ook tussen die twee kan onderskei. Soos die opstel van die
document vorder, is dit belangrik dat die analis met nuwe tendense moet tred hou en
die nodige verstellings behoort aanbring te word. Dié verstellings behoort nie van so
'n aard wees dat dit die doelstellings en doelwitte van die beleidsdokument verander
nie.
Teen die middle van die negentiende eeu het die polisie, veral in Europa begin besef
dat misdadigers gereeld misdade in ander lande pleeg en dan na hulle eie land
terugkeer. Daar was niks wat die polisiebeamptes hieraan kon doen nie aangesien
die uitlewering van 'n verdagte slegs in uitsonderlik egevalle aangevra is. Die
moontlikheid is ondersoek dat 'n internasionale polisie-organisasie op die been
gebring moes word wat alle polisie-agentskappe sou help om "oorgrensmisdade" te
bekamp. Die eerste konferensie van dié is in 1914 in Monaco gehou. Dit was die
eerste van 'n reeks konferensies wat aanleidign sou gee tot die totstandkoming van
die internasionale polisie-organisasie wat vandag as "Interpol" bekend staan. Suid-
Afrika het eers in September 1993 lid van dié organisasie geword.
'n Operasionele beleidsdokument word voorgestel wat na al die afdelings van die
Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens versprei moet word. Die dokument gee 'n uiteensetting
van hoe Interpol Pretoria ander afdelings van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens van
hulp kan wees, soos byvoorbeeld wat van lede in sekere gevalle verlang word, soos
waar buitelandse burgers gearresteer word en/of wanneer lede amptelike besoeke
aan ander lande aflê. Die dokument gee ook 'n uiteensetting van hoe die komponent
bedryf word, asook van sy struktuur en werksaamhede. Die navorsing bewys dat daar 'n behoefte aan 'n beleidsdokument vir Interpol Pretoria
bestaan. Daar word aanbeveel dat die operasionele beleidsdokument aanvaar
behoort te word. Nadat dit goedgekeur is, behoort dit in 'n nasionale instruksie
omskep te word. Die voordele van so 'n dokument is meervoudig, en sluit die
volgende in:
./ Die Komponent bestaan reeds en bykomende fondse hoef nie daarvoor bewillig
te word nie .
./ Meer lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens sal die dienste gebruik wat die
komponent verskaf.
Van die nadele is dat dit 'n langdurige proses is om so 'n beleidsdokument te laat
goedkeur. Besoeke sal aan die verskeie provinsiale kantore gebring behoort te word
om 'inligtingsessies' met die bevelvoerders te hou.
Die navorsig het weer eens bewys dat beleidsdokumente nog steeds 'n waardevolle
plek in die Staatsdiens het. Die gebrek aan 'n beleid is nie noodwendig nadelig vir
sekere eenhede binne die polisiemilieu nie, maar wanneer daar gekyk word na die
onderbenutting van bestaande bronne, kan dit heel moontlik aan die afwesigheid van
'n operasionele beleidsdokument toegeskryf word.
12
D'Acosta, Lopez F. "Urban policy and national development in Mexico." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370861.
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Amirejibi-Mullen, Rusudan. "Language policy and national identity in Georgia." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2679.
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Language has been long recognised as a powerful marker of national identity, as has its role in transforming multi-ethnic societies into unified nations. Such is the case of multi-ethnic and multilingual Georgia, where language has today become a crucial factor in interethnic relations and in the Georgian nation-building process. This thesis sheds light on the nature of kartveloba (Georgianness) by examining Georgian language policy over the entire history of the nation. Despite the country’s long-standing civilisation and its established culture, Georgian statehood began to decline from the second half of the thirteenth century, until the country was eventually incorporated into the Russian empire at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Since then, there have been several attempts to instigate a ‘national revival’: 1) the cultural/linguistic movement of the nineteenth century, 2) the struggle to build a nation-state in 1918-1921, 3) the national liberation movement during the Soviet period (1921-1991), and 4) nation-state building in the post-Soviet period. All of these periods display common features with regard to language policy. After investigating language policy and identity developments in the pre-modern period, this thesis examines Georgia under Russian rule (both Tsarist and Soviet), which made the country vulnerable to ethnic conflicts, and tries to explain the violent outcomes. The thesis goes on to examine public debate of language and minority issues, as well as efforts to elaborate inclusive language and ethnic policies in contemporary Georgia. The main body of the thesis consists of six chapters. The first sets out the nature of the problem, the practical importance of this study, and its methods and structure. The second discusses the main concepts and theoretical considerations. The third traces the development of kartveloba before modern times. The fourth chapter examines the origin of modern national identity, whose main marker was the Georgian language. Chapter five analyses Soviet language policy in the wider context of the ethnic policy and analyses the nationalist aspirations of the Georgians in the twentieth century. Chapter six deals with official policies in the post-Soviet period, but also looks at language practice and attitudes among minority groups. Drawing on primary sources (such as government decrees, laws and other documents, media publications, social surveys and interviews), as well as secondary sources, it seeks to explain how Georgia has dealt with and reflected its multicultural character under different governments. It also investigates the role of language policy in the process of nation-building and makes proposals regarding ways that formulating language policy might help form civic society in Georgia.
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Djaló, Mamadjam Dinis. "Evolução do conceito estratégico nacional – O caso de Angola (2002 – 2017)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21707.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estratégia<br>Pelo potencial estratégico que encerra, decorrente da geografia e dos recursos naturais existentes no seu subsolo, Angola levanta posicionamentos e disputas estratégicas, cujas dificuldades só podem ser superadas e as eventualidades exploradas com a instituição de um poder organizacional competente e dinâmico que implica a necessidade de uma consciência geopolítica activa. A história recente de Angola é disso um exemplo eloquente. A sustentação da guerra civil de que o país foi palco, muito se deveu a disputas geopolíticas no quadro da Guerra Fria.
Neste trabalho abordamos o Conceito Estratégico Nacional (CEN) e a sua aplicação ao caso angolano. A análise abrange o período de 2002, que marca o fim do conflito ao ano de 2017. Com recurso a análise de documentos emitidos pelo Estado angolano e de entidades com interesse em apresentar visões programáticas sobre o país, foi-nos possível com base na identificação dos Interesses nacionais (IN) e os Objectivos nacionais (ON) que preconizam e o alinhamento destes com as Aspirações nacionais (AN), inferir sobre o CEN no caso angolano.
Concluímos que não se afigura a existência de um CEN no período em análise, no entanto, mostra-se possível a concepção e implementação de um CEN no caso de Angola.<br>Angola raises interests and geopolitical disputes due to its strategic potential, which has to do with its geographical location and its abundance in strategic resources. Those interests and disputes can only be overcome and taken advantage of by setting up competent and dynamic organizational structures which depends on an active geopolitical awareness. The recent period of Angolan history it is a great example of that. The support and sustenance of the civil war which eroded the country was due to geopolitical disputes in the framework of the Cold War.
In this study we assess the applicability of National Strategic Concept to the Angolan case. The analysis covers the period from 2002, which marks the end of the conflict to the year 2017. Based on the analysis of documents issued by the Angolan State and entities interested in presenting programmatic visions about the country, we were able by identifying the Interests and goals that they advocate and their alignment with the national Aspirations to infer about a National Strategic Concept for the Angolan case.
We concluded that there are not elements that may account for a National Strategic Concept in Angola on the period under review, however, it is possible to design and implement one.<br>N/A
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Black, Andrew C. "DTV Implementation: A Case Study of Angola, Indiana." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404217922.
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Kelly, Geoffrey. "National policy choices for an international problem case studies in greenhouse policy /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/86.
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Suffian, Firdausi. "The politics of industrial policy : the case of Malaysia's national automotive policy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d8a27e7a-95e5-4908-a8f7-01405f2ace18.
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This thesis explores the politics of the industrial policy-making process in Malaysia, specifically in the national automotive policy (NAP). The automotive sector is one of the sectional interests under the heavy industrialisation programme introduced by the long-serving ruling coalition, the United Malay National Organisation (UMNO) led by Barisan Nasional (1963-present). Often in Malaysia’s policy-making process, the government manages the need for modernising the country through industrial development. It also responds to the domestic political economy including to political pressure, domestic enterprise interest and ethno-economic development. This highlights the need to understand the dynamics of the politics behind its policy-making process. To uncover the politics of the national automotive policy, this study seeks to explore what institutional arrangements evolve around the national automotive policy and how the state elite (politicians and bureaucrats) and ‘selected’ business groups mobilise, coordinate, and prioritise resources and economic preferences in the policy-making institutions. This research utilises the theory of institutionalism along with a developmental state approach to develop a theoretical framework to explore and make sense of the politics in Malaysia’s policy-making process. This study employs a qualitative, interpretivist method. Primary data were collected by means of interviews with elite policy actors. Secondary data were also used as part of empirical evidence. The findings show that the political elite have a paternalistic role in policy decisions. As a consequence, the political elite can assert policy preferences along with the interest of the Bumiputra industrialist class. The empirical findings also suggest that though the formation of the NAP was part of an effort to liberalise the domestic automotive sector to create a level playing field environment, various institutional arrangements are in fact made to protect the domestic enterprises’ interests. The terms of policy have limited pro-market reforms. The reciprocal relationship between policy actors and ‘selected’ business enterprises enable them to configure and interpret policy in a way that favours their interests. Domestic automotive enterprises have benefitted from various state resources through beyond arm’s length relationships. Furthermore, the ethno-economic consideration (i.e. Bumiputra interest) is ‘packaged’ in the policy as part of protecting the domestic automotive sectors. This study shows how political influences in the automotive sector are crucial to facilitate the growth of Proton, the country’s flagship national car manufacturer, though they have a constraining effect on the direction of the national carmaker. Political consideration and ethno-nationalist interest have generally limited the growth of Proton. Overall, this study shows that existing institutional structures influenced by historical events, political factors, power relations and norms have enabled a ‘triangular arrangement’ between state elites (politicians and bureaucrats) and ‘selected’ enterprises to formulate policy. Institutional arrangements made by these actors reveal the complex relationships and interactions among elite policy actors to influence the policy-making process. Often, political consideration precedes economic rationale. This has implications on policy-making institutions, which in turn affects their developmental strategy.
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Simião, Isaac Napoleão. "Modelo de inserção de Angola no sistema internacional." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12272.
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O presente trabalho, aborda o modelo de inserção de Angola no sistema internacional. Este país, durante muito tempo viu o seu espaço e capacidade acção reduzida no sistema internacional por causa do conflito armado que viveu. Com a transição da guerra para a paz, o Governo angolano sentiu a necessidade de redefinir a sua política externa, bem como os objectivos a alcançar no domínio externo. Nesta senda, a defesa da independência e a integridade territorial, deixaram de ser os objectivos principais da política externa angolana, dando lugar a novos objectivos, como a reconstrução nacional e a promoção da imagem de Angola de no sistema internacional.
Para concretização dos novos objectivos, o Governo angolano teve que optar por um modelo de inserção político activo e participativo, baseado na cooperação, assente na paz e na combinação de interesses políticos e económicos. Tendo o bilateralismo, o regionalismo e o multilateralismo como estratégia de acção para o alcance dos objectivos preconizados. Assim, através da estratégia bilateral, o Governo tem procurado conquistar novos parceiros para lhe ajudar no processo de reconstrução nacional e na promoção da sua imagem internacional, no contexto regional, este modelo tem permitido o país assumir um papel de pacificador nas regiões aonde se encontra inserido, isto é na Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral e na Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África central; no contexto multilateral, este modelo tem possibilitado o país jogar um papel activo na União africana, principalmente nas questões contundentes a gestão e resolução de conflitos, nas crises humanitárias e nos processos de desminagem. Ainda no âmbito do multilateralismo, este modelo de inserção tem ajudado o Estado angolano a alargar os seus horizontes de cooperação com organizações internacionais, participando nelas e assumindo postos de extrema relevância no sentido de contribuir para pacificação e desenvolvimento do sistema internacional, como é o caso da ONU e as suas agências especializadas, onde Angola tem sido um parceiro no desenvolvimento das suas actividades, bem como no cumprimento da sua agenda internacional.
Todas estas acções praticadas por Angola tem inserido o país num contexto de reconhecimento e aceitação a nível internacional; ### MODEL OF INSERTION OF ANGOLA THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
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This paper addresses the template insertion of Angola in the international system. This country has long seen his action space and reduced capacity in the international system, because of the armed conflict which he lived. With the transition from war to peace, the Angolan government felt the need to redefine its foreign policy and the objectives to be achieved in the external field. Therefore , the defense of the independence and territorial integrity , no longer the main objectives of the Angolan foreign policy , leading to national reconstruction and promoting the image of Angola in the international system.
To implement these new objectives, the Angolan government had to opt for a model of active and participative political integration based on cooperation, based on peace and combined political and economic interests. Having bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism as a strategy for action to achieve the goals envisaged. This model , through bilateral strategy has helped the government to win new partners that have been useful in the process of national reconstruction and international security ; in a regional perspective has helped the country to assume the role of peacemaker and promoter of regional development , namely the Community of the Southern African Development and Economic Community of Central African States ; the continental level , has allowed the country to play an active role in the African Union , especially in the stinging issues management and resolution of conflicts , humanitarian crises management processes and demining ; also the Angolan state has expanded its horizons of cooperation with international organizations , participating in them and assuming positions of extreme importance in order to enlarge and develop the international system , such as the United Nations , which Angola has been a partner in helping their activities , as well as the fulfillment of their agenda .
All these actions committed by Angola has entered the country in the context of recognition and international acceptance, makes it an actor, builder and peacemaker of the international system.
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Hanefeld, Johanna. "Antiretroviral treatment roll-out in Zambia and South Africa : a policy analysis of national to sub-national policy implementation processes." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2010. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646531/.
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From 2002 international and national policies transformed the availability of antiretroviral medicines for people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. By the end of 2008 an estimated 42 percent of people requiring such treatment were accessing medication and anti-retroviral treatment (ART) programmes had been rolled out in many countries (UNAIDS and WHO 2009). However, this expansion was implemented unevenly across and within different countries raising questions about the gap between policy intention and execution. This thesis addresses this gap. It examines the processes of implementation, comparing rapid ART roll-out in Zambia with South Africa where implementation was initially much slower. It draws on both top-down and bottom-up perspectives to better understand factors hindering and enabling implementation. The focus is on actors and their networks and how they were able to exert power on the implementation of policy. It is a qualitative study that relies on document review and over 150 interviews conducted with actors in the policy processes in both countries, during field work in 2007 and 2008. Findings confirmed the importance of communication, resources and structures in determining implementation, but the comparative analysis indicated their influence varied considerably according to context. The findings also offer new insights into how contrasting networks of actors affected implementation. A broad range of actors made it possible to roll-out ART in South Africa despite a hostile policy environment, by drawing on diverse sets of skills and ties that dated back to the anti-apartheid struggle. In Zambia the network which most influenced ART roll-out was an epistemic community of clinicians, which, by forging alliances with PEPFAR implementing agencies was able to rapidly scale up access to treatment in spite of health systems constraints. The economic capital of donors allowed them to shape policy and blur boundaries between state and non-state actors in Zambia while social capital of networks was important in South Africa. Findings suggest that focusing on the sources of power of networks in implementation enriches the understanding of health policy processes.
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Trainor, Shaun. "Canada's National Energy Policy: A Threat to the Right to Health of the Inuit People? - Redesigning Canada's National Energy Policy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21813.
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Every individual, regardless of ethnicity, religion, income, etc., has the right to health. The right to health is a fundamental human right that can be further strengthened through the lens of Martha Nussbaum's central capabilities. This thesis explores how Canada's current national energy policy is focused on fossil fuel extraction and combustion, which is a leading cause in the rise in the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and changing the climate. Based on the evidence this thesis explores how, through its role in the climate crisis, the government of Canada is hindering the full enjoyment of the right to health by the Inuit, and how there is a need for a redesign in the national energy policy. A focus on climate justice is raised as the best possible focus for this redesign, in the energy policy, in order to respect the right to health of the Inuit.
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Cambulo, Ifilay Ernesto Luís. "Public spending and economic growth in Angola." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13086.
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Mestrado em Economia<br>Esta dissertação investiga a relação causal entre a despesa publica per capita e o rendimento nacional per capita em Angola. Utilizamos dados de séries temporais anuais de 1985 à 2015.
Os resultados indicam que as variáveis são não estacionárias e não existe relação de longo-prazo entre as mesmas. Existe apenas relação de curto-prazo, os testes de causalidade a Granger invalidam a lei de Wagner e validam a teoria de Keynes.<br>This dissertation investigates the causal link between public spending per capita and national income per capita in Angola using data from annual time series from 1985 to 2015.
Results indicate that variables are non-stationary and that there is no long term relationship between them. There is only a short term relationship and Granger's causality test invalidates Wagner's law and validates Keynes' theory.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Fort, Carol S. "Developing a national employment policy : Australia 1939-45 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf736.pdf.
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Douglas, Flora. "National public health policy and its local implementation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165977.
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Translation of national public health policy into local action is poorly understood. This thesis explores this issue using: (a) independent evaluation data of the government-funded Well Men’s Services Pilots Programme (WMS); and (b) an analytical framework derived from ‘rational’ health planning models; particularly the PRECEDE PROCEED (PP) model. A mixed-methods study was conducted, comprising: (i) a review of the health planning literature; (ii) an interpretative documentary analysis of policy documentation and local intervention plans; and (iii) a secondary analysis of 42 semi-structured interviews with local managers and professionals responsible for developing interventions in response to the policy. The research findings (ii&iii) were considered in light of this review. This thesis concluded that rationalist health planning approaches and frameworks are not sufficient to guide the implementation of public health policy to an effective conclusion, and has argued that there is a need to develop new ways of thinking about public health issues that have become ‘policy problems’ deemed in need of intervention and resolution. This new thinking needs to acknowledge the complex and contested nature of health problems. This include accepting: (1) that a range of different perspectives and interpretations of public health policy problems and associated notions of their solutions will reside amongst those individuals and organisations tasked with transforming policy into practice; (2) the inevitability of imperfect and contested evidence; (3) future uncertainties, and; (4) the existence of bureaucratic barriers that will constrain direct engagement of the intended beneficiaries, by policy implementers, in the process of developing interventions.
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Kim, Joowan 1952. ""Offset" as an instrument of national industrial policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130224.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-154).<br>by Joowan Kim.<br>Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.
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Boynton, Elspeth Whitney. "Protectionism and national migration policy in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19953.
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In the past two decades, South Africa has become the "new migration hub" in Africa. The country has witnessed the dramatic rise of people flowing into its borders post-apartheid from the continent and beyond. However, in response to the large influx of migrants (legal and illegal), South Africa has adopted protectionist and nationalistic migration policies, emphasizing border control, rather than migration facilitation or migrant protection. Despite South Africa's post-apartheid commitments to human rights, democracy, and Pan-Africanism, the restrictive nature of these laws has led to the mistreatment and neglect of refugee and asylum seekers, the unlawful detention and deportation of legal in-migrants, and the failure to address societal xenophobia. These policies have also contributed to a severe skills shortage in South Africa, impeding the growth of the South African economy, while also thwarting SADC's ability to govern migration cooperatively in the region. In light of the most recent migration reforms implemented in 2014, instigating more protectionism, this thesis examines and seeks to explain why South Africa has adopted and continues to maintain these policies post-apartheid despite their negative implications and lack of congruence with South Africa's new national identity. The international relations theories of constructivism and neoclassical realism (NCR) are used to understand and explain South Africa's decision to maintain a protectionist migration agenda. Ultimately, the thesis argues that South Africa's reasons for adopting a protectionist migration agenda are numerous and exist at all levels of analysis. These reasons include (1) South Africa's formation of an exclusionary national identity post-apartheid, (2) the persistence of mass legal and illegal in-migration to the country, (3) the institutionalized perception of migration as a threat to national and social security by South African policy-makers/media/community leaders, and (4) the failure of the state to provide adequate social service delivery, impacting the implementation of more liberal policies in the new millennium.
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Ajanaku, Akinwale Oluremilekun. "Spain’s Immigrants’ Integration Policy Strategy - National Approach Model." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21356.
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This paper analyzes the Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy with the aim to reveal Spain’s national approach model using path dependence as a theory to search for the consistent and stable constraining or motivating ideas that dictate the direction of Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy. This paper finds out that the public philosophy of Spain is premised on historical ties, the interest is motivated by shared culture and the problem definition is framed based on the country of origin of the immigrants. However, these ideas make Spain’s immigrants’ policy to be restrictive or liberal to some group of immigrants depending on their country of origin. Immigrants from Third country nationals consisting of Latin- America, Andorra, the Philippines, Guinea Equatorial, Portugal and the Sephardic Jews who have had historical experience acquire Spanish Nationality faster than the other immigrants from third country nationals composed mainly of Morocco, Africa and Asia because of the way laws regulating immigrants acquisition of Spanish nationality is designed.
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O'Connell, Patrick. "German Foreign Policy and National Identity Since 1945." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245445696.
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Koundinya, Sridarshan U. "Electricity pricing policy : a neo-institutional, developmental and cross-national policy design map." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272992348.
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Koundinya, Sridarshan U. "Electricity pricing policy :|ba neo-institutional, developmental and cross-national policy design map /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951595503826.
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Sinks, George W. "Reserve Policy for the Nuclear Age: The Development of Post-War American Reserve Policy, 1943-1955." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1210099254.
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Kaarlejärvi, Jani. "Fiscal policy without a state in EMU? : EU institutions, policy coordination and national adjustments." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427210.
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Nijenhuis, Rene. "Towards successful policy implementation : a case study of the national resettlement policy of Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9595.
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Bibliography: leaves 81-86.<br>The aim of this dissertation is to identify policy-scientific causes underlying the constraints to successful Implementation, and give recommendations In order to improve the attainment of initial goals specified, in 'the resettlement policy. To identify these policy-scientific causes, criteria were extracted from the theoretical policy making as well as from international experience with regard to policy implementation. Subsequently, the policy process of resettlement was assessed according to these criteria. This report presents the findings of the policy assessment of the National Resettlement Policy of Namibia.
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Costa, José Veloso da. "O E-Government e a modernização administrativa em Angola." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13683.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas<br>Nos últimos anos com a explosão das TIC e da internet, os Governos e as administrações públicas têm recorrido à soluções informatizadas e a web para alcançar níveis de eficiência consideráveis e para inovar a prestação dos serviços públicos aos cidadãos e empresas.
O E-Government está no centro das políticas públicas de Modernização Administrativa, conquanto propicia a existência de ferramentas e plataformas de interoperabilidade que articulam os organismos da Administração Pública quer a nível central como local e que permitem a partilha de dados, dando possibilidade de prestar serviços ao cidadão e empresas através de balcões (one-shop-stop), por computador ou ainda através de Smartphones.
Apesar das Políticas Públicas de Governação Eletrónica e de Modernização Administrativa, bem como os investimentos em infraestruturas e plataformas tecnológicas com suporte nas TIC e internet, Angola está na fase emergente do E-Government, pelo que é imperioso a aposta na formação do homem, cidadãos e funcionários públicos, para que a sua implementação seja um fato a médio prazo.<br>The E-Government is at the center of public policy Administrative Modernization, while provides the existence of tools and interoperability platforms that articulate the bodies of public administration at central and local level and that enable data sharing, giving opportunities to provide services citizens and businesses through branches (one-shop-stop), by computer or by Smartphones. Despite the Electronic Governance of Public Policy and Administrative Modernization and investments in infrastructure and technology platforms to support ICT and internet, Angola is in the emerging phase of the E-Government, so it is imperative to focus on training of man, citizens and employees public, so that its implementation is a fact in the medium term. Currently the Government is updating the structural programs of E-Government and Administrative Simplification for the citizen is at the center of the same, taking into account the expectations and needs of citizens and businesses.<br>N/A
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Brito, Neto Manuel. "Historia e educação em Angola : do colonialismo ao Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252396.
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Orientador: Jose Claudinei Lombardi<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T23:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
BritoNeto_Manuel_D.pdf: 951579 bytes, checksum: 5f0f00b205f677b4a01f1b28968e4b2d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo central de análise ¿a História da Educação de Angola: do colonialismo ao MPLA¿. Nele se analisam o momento mais alto do processo de educação colonial, suas contradições principais, crise e derrocada, no período abrangendo os anos entre 1956 e 1974. A educação colonial, compreendida como um sistema, produziu a ideologia da dependência, da subordinação e transformou Angola em território de exportação de matérias-primas e mão-de-obra barata para a indústria dos países industrializados da Europa e seus aliados. A trajetória da implementação de uma educação contra-hegemônica pelo Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola ¿MPLA¿ é aqui também analisada como o surgimento de uma educação, cujos objetivos se voltavam para as amplas massas populares de angolanos, até então submetidos à escravatura colonial portuguesa. A nova educação, surgida nos anos 50 do século XX, foi decorrente do surgimento e desenvolvimento de várias formas de associação civil dos naturais de Angola, que assumiram relevante papel como atores nos processos de mobilização e da mudança social que se verificou nos anos de 1974 e 1975. Ressalta-se que esses movimentos foram reconhecidos como espaço de criatividade e inovação social, e caracterizados como agentes de pressão político-social, protestos, contestações e resistência, nesse período que marcou uma nova etapa na implementação da proposta educacional do MPLA. No início deste novo milênio, o MPLA, reiniciou a implantação do processo de reconstrução e de ampliação da esfera da educação pública. Ainda hoje é notória a resistência a essas mudanças<br>Abstract: This work has as central aim purpose the analysis of "The History of the Angola¿s education from colonialism to MPLA. It makes the analysis of the huge moment's process of colonial educations, their main contradictions, crisis and overthrow, in the period comprised betwen 1956 and 1974 years. The colonial education conceived as a system produced an ideological dependence, subjection and changes Angola in a exporter territory of raw material and cheaper manual labor to Europe's industrial countries and his allies. The course to fix a kind of counter hegemonical education by the People's Movement for the liberation of Angola (MPLA) has been analised, also, as a result of a education that the aim purposes widespread on the vast popular mass people's Angola country. The new education aroused by the 50' years of the 20th century elapsed as issue and development in many features of civil association Angola's folks, whose take over relevant role as protagonists inside the mobilization process and social chagements that takes place betwen the 1974 to 1975 years. Those movements had been recognized as a place of creativity and social newness and featured as a agent of political stress, disapproval, protestation and resistence. In this millennium marked by a new stage in the process to introduce his educational purposes the MPLA restarted the process of reconstruction and enlargement of the sphere from the public education. Today is notorius the resistence against it's changes<br>Doutorado<br>Historia, Filosofia e Educação<br>Doutor em Educação
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Bullen, William Joseph. "The dynamic between national identity and foreign policy inTurkey." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FBullen.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Baylouny, Anne M. Second Reader: Clement, Victoria S. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Turkey, national identity, foreign policy, Neo-Ottoman, Recip Tayyip Erdogan, Turgut Ozal, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, political Islam, Justice and Development Party (AKP). Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83). Also available in print.
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Zaid, Bouziane. "Public service television policy and national development in Morocco." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003019.
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Ma, Tiffany. "Christianity and U.S. national security: doctrine, training, and policy." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27706.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02
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Genuth, Joel. "The local origins of United States national science policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11299.
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Smith, Richard Hewlett. "A Policy Framework for Developing a National Nanotechnology Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35410.
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Molecular nanotechnology has matured in the last thirty-nine years from the germ of an idea by a Nobel Laureate physicist to a rapidly growing international research site with more than $1 billion dollars in annual investment. Although only recently accepted as "mainstream" by the R&D community, nanotechnology research is now populated by eminent researchers in such fields as physics, chemistry, molecular biology, and computer science. Refereed journal articles appear with increasing frequency.
The National Academy of Sciences, the RAND Corporation, the Department of Defense, and the National Science Foundation have recently issued reports calling for more structure and organization in nanotechnology research to improve synergy and research efficiency. Others insist that centralization would restrict independent approaches, one of which might be the best path to follow. This thesis addresses the following issues for the emerging field of molecular nanotechnology:
* The field is extensive, growing, and in need of policy review.
* The parties responsible for strategic science and technology policy in the United States as well as the current infrastructure for R&D funding are identified.
* External evaluators have appraised our current policy and found it lacking in some key respects.
* There are substantive issues that might be considered by American policymakers in assessing nanotechnology policy strategies.
* We need to find a way to reconcile the sometimes conflicting aims of peer review and interdisciplinarity.
* A workable framework for a national nanotechnology program is identified.<br>Master of Science
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Rocha, Eurica da Natividade Sinclética Graça Neves da. "Trajetória histórica das políticas de saúde da mulher em Angola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-13012014-112212/.
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Por mais de trinta anos, a República de Angola esteve envolvida em uma guerra civil que gerou um impacto negativo no desenvolvimento nacional, na saúde e nutrição da população, especialmente de crianças e mulheres. Especificamente com relação à saúde da mulher, devido à guerra civil e à agitação política nos últimos anos, a literatura dispõe de dados pouco precisos sobre a situação da saúde da mulher angolana; porém as fontes disponíveis demonstram que as taxas de mortalidade materna e de fecundidade são elevadas. Considerando o contexto sócio- político-econômico atual e a prática assistencial em saúde disponibilizada às mulheres angolanas, torna-se evidente a necessidade de se analisar historicamente as políticas públicas relacionadas a esta área de atuação, no sentido de fornecer subsídios para que profissionais de saúde compreendam a importância das diretrizes políticas que devem ser seguidas na assistência à mulher angolana. Objetivos: o objetivo geral deste estudo é descrever o panorama histórico das políticas públicas voltadas à saúde da mulher em Angola, considerando o contexto político e econômico desde 1975 até a atualidade. Os objetivos específicos são contextualizar historicamente o período de análise; identificar os documentos relacionados às políticas de saúde da mulher em Angola; analisar os documentos identificados utilizando os preceitos da análise documental. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de perspectiva histórica, utilizando a análise documental e análise categorial de dados históricos oficiais provenientes do Ministério da Saúde (MINSA), Direção Nacional de Saúde Pública (DNSP) e de site oficial da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) no período de 1975 a 2012. Os documentos foram identificados, selecionados e obtidos durante o período de setembro a novembro de 2012, nos sites oficiais da OMS, UNICEF, e do Ministério da Saúde de Angola (MINSA) e alguns documentos foram solicitados diretamente à DNSP e MINSA, com o apoio do Instituto Superior de Enfermagem da Universidade Agostinho Neto. O corpus documental foi constituído de manuais, relatórios, boletim, leis e planos referentes à temática do estudo. Resultados: de acordo com a contextualização do período, a guerra prolongada impediu o desenvolvimento de um sistema de saúde adequado e, após a guerra, os investimentos voltados ao setor da saúde ainda não conseguiram estruturar uma rede de assistência que possa atender a toda a população. Com relação às políticas de saúde da mulher, destaca-se que estas se misturam com as políticas de saúde para a população, com investimentos suecos e de organismos internacionais que visavam a melhoria das condições de saúde da mulher e também da população em geral. As políticas e os acordos elaborados foram fortemente influenciados pela conjuntura mundial no período, apesar do aspecto cultural de desvalorização da mulher, tão presente no país. Houve uma grande dificuldade para a completa implementação das ações previstas, por inúmeros fatores, que vão desde as dificuldades geográficas e econômicas, até a adequada gestão política e financeira dos recursos. Considerações: evidencia-se que as necessidades de saúde das mulheres em Angola ainda não são completamente atendidas. Apesar dos esforços realizados durante o período, o desafio de Angola continua sendo a melhoria da prestação de cuidados de saúde, que engloba a saúde da mulher, e o aumento do acesso a serviços de qualidade a toda a população. A articulação inter-setorial também é necessária, pois pode potencializar as ações para a melhoria das condições de vida geral da população<br>For over thirty years the Republic of Angola was involved in a civil war that led to a negative impact on national development, in health and nutrition of the population, especially children and women. Specifically with regard to women\'s health, due to civil war and political unrest in recent years, the literature has little accurate data on the health situation of Angolan women; however the available sources demonstrate that rates of maternal mortality and fertility are high. Considering the current socio-economic-political context and assistance practice in health care available to Angolan women, it becomes evident the need to analyze historically public policies related to this area, in order to provide subsidies for health professionals understand the importance of the political guidelines that must be followed in assistance to Angolan woman. Objectives: The essential aim of this study is to describe the historical background of public policies for women\'s health in Angola, considering the political and economic context from 1975 to the present. The specific objectives are to contextualize historically the period of analysis, to identify the documents related to women\'s health policies in Angola; review the documents identified using the precepts of documentary analysis. Method: It\'s a survey of historical perspective, using documentary analysis and categorical analysis of official historical data from the Ministry of Health (MINSA), the National Public Health (DNSP) and the official website of the World Health Organization (WHO ) in the period between 1975-2012. The documents were identified, selected and collected during the period of September to November of 2012, at the official websites of WHO, UNICEF, and the Ministry of Health of Angola (MINSA) and some documents were requested directly to the DNSP and MoH, with support from the Higher Institute of Nursing, University Agostinho Neto. The documentary corpus consisted of manuals, reports, newsletter, laws and plans relating to the theme of the study. Results: According to the contextualization of the period, the prolonged war prevented the development of a proper health system and, after it, the investments directed to the health sector have failed to structure a support network that can meet the entire population\'s needs. Regarding to women\'s health policy, it is emphasized that these are mixed with health policies for the population, with Swedish and international organizations investments which aimed the improvement of the conditions of the women\'s health and also of the general population. The policies and agreements drafted were heavily influenced by the global conditions in the period, despite the cultural aspect of depreciation of women, strongly present in the country. There was a great difficulty for the complete implementation of the actions planned, for numerous factors, ranging from geographic and economic difficulties, to proper political and financial management of resources. Considerations: it is evident that the health needs of women in Angola haven\'t been completely met. Despite the efforts made during the period, the challenge of Angola remains being the improvement of health care provision, which includes women\'s health, and the enlargement of the access of quality services for the entire population. The intersectoral coordination is also necessary because it may increase the actions to improve the general living conditions of the population
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Abelyan, Armen V. "Russia's national interests in the Transcaucasus and the U.S. policy implications for Armenian national security." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FAbelyan.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Anne L. Clunan, Mikhail Tsypkin. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.109-132). Also available online.
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Huma, Zille. "China's foreign policy towards Central Asia : expanding the concepts of national interest and national security." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53068/.
Full textAbstract:
The present study provides an analysis of China's foreign policy towards Central Asia to trace ‘culture of China's foreign policy'. The culture of China's foreign policy approach deals with China as an identity and process rather than being static or within boundaries. The present research highlights China's multilateral and cooperative policies in Central Asia and with Russia as an outcome of evolutionary process of construction of China's identity. The complex process of building relations with Central Asian region although within a short period of time (in post-Soviet context) are analysed to make a case for China's innovative (partially) political processes of dealing with frontier security and embracing multilateralism. This is explained by studying the evolution of China's identity and interests and the role of significant events that affect its perceptions of self and that are a prescription for its policy orientations as observed in case of foreign policy towards Central Asia. The theoretical foundation of Peter Katzenstein thesis is helpful premises upon which an argument in favour of the discourse of identity and security is developed to see how culture of national security of China and ‘complementarity' of Central Asian states is at work in security cooperation seen among these states. By problematizing the notion of ‘national interest', the present study argues that interests of the states can be contextualized in a broader environment referred as civilization to trace the relationship between interests and identities of China as at play in Central Asian region. By placing the political state of ‘China' in the broader context of civilization and as evolving, helps understand how Chinese political spectrum seeks to construct and maintain a great power identity while locating ‘self' against ‘others'. It further argues that the cooperative and multilateral policies of China in form of Shanghai Cooperation Organization can be understood best by studying how the configurations of identity of China has guided the policy formation process; that constructs and reconstructs interstate normative structure in form of SCO.
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Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm, Rahime. "Europeanisation of Turkish foreign policy : the Europeanisation of national foreign policy in non-member states." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14374/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the extent to which and the conditions under which Turkish foreign policy is Europeanised. In doing so, it analyses the formal, behavioural and discursive dimensions of Europeanisation in Turkish foreign policy since 1987 to assess the extent to which the European Union (EU) foreign policy principles and norms are institutionalised. The empirical puzzle is derived from the focus of the literature on the Europeanisation of non-members that has concentrated on Central and European Countries (CEECs) before their accession to the EU. Foreign policy is a policy area that remains under-examined within the context of non-member state Europeanisation. This thesis addresses this gap, focusing on the case of Turkey. At the theoretical level, it applies the insights of rational choice and constructivist approaches that inspire two broad models, the External Incentives Model (ElM) and the Social Learning Model (SLM), to the study of 'foreign policy change'. The thesis examines normative and substantive areas of foreign policy and distinguishes a formal, behavioural and discursive dimension of Europeanisation. In the normative area, it analyses the formal dimension of Europeanisation over Turkey's adherence to good neighbourly relations and the behavioural dimension of Turkey's peace-making initiatives through mediation and Official Development Assistance (ODA). In the substantive area, it analyses the formal dimension of Turkey's alignment with the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the behavioural dimension of the geographical direction of high profile official visits. Finally, the discursive dimension of foreign policy statements is analysed with reference to both the normative and the substantive areas. The empirical analysis of the five areas shows that EU rules were initially not institutionalised in Turkish foreign policy. The analysis reveals that Europeanisation in all five areas started in 1987; rather than in 1999 as is commonly believed. Yet Europeanisation before 1999 came in the form of policy adjustment, while the transformation of foreign policy only occurred after 1999 in the substantive areas and after 2002 in the normative areas. Moreover, the thesis finds that in four areas covered, with the notable exception of the behavioural dimension of Europeanisation covered by peace-making initiatives, policy retrenchment occurred after 2005. Furthermore, the thesis argues that different degrees and directions of Europeanisation are better captured by the ElM than the SLM. In particular, the analysis reveals that the Europeanisation of foreign policy in Turkey is triggered by domestic factors. Among them, the degree of compatibility of the position of the governing parties with EU foreign policy principles and norms and the degree of domestic capacity best explain different degrees and directions of Europeanisation. Before 1999, and particularly before 2002, domestic capacity was low and did not allow a transformation type of Europeanisation to occur even at times when the governing parties pursued a strong pro-EU orientation.
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Freixial, Catarina Laia Franco Albino. "The Mammals of Iona National Park and surrounding areas, Namibe province, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29729.
Full textAbstract:
Angola has 14 protected areas throughout the country. Iona National Park is one, but due to the civil war few studies about the mammals were conducted here. This study aims to present a first preliminary checklist of the mammal fauna of this park and its surroundings. For this purpose, recent observation data (based on camera traps, opportunistic observations and records of reliable sources) and historical data (available in bibliography, museum collections and grey literature) were compiled and critically reviewed. A total of 14 orders, 37 families and 120 species were recorded for the study area. Of these, 26 species have recent records, while the remaining 94 only have historical records (where 38 are presented as potential species from the park). New data was obtained and species with no historical records inside Iona National Park were recorded, such as aardvark (Orycteropus afer), zorilla (Ictonyx striatus) and ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii); Os Mamíferos do Parque Nacional do Iona e áreas circundantes, Província do Namibe, sudoeste Angola: uma lista preliminar
Resumo:
Angola tem 14 áreas protegidas ao logo do país. O Parque Nacional do Iona é uma delas, mas, devido à guerra civil, poucos estudos sobre mamíferos foram realizados aqui. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a primeira lista de espécies de mamíferos deste parque e áreas circundantes. Para isso, foram compilados e criticamente revistos dados recentes (baseados em foto-armadilhagem, observações diretas e registos de fontes de confiança) e históricos (disponíveis em bibliografia, coleções de museus e literatura). Um total de 14 ordens, 37 famílias e 120 espécies foram registadas para esta área. Destas, 26 espécies têm registos recentes, enquanto as restantes 94 apenas têm registos históricos (onde 38 são apresentadas como potenciais espécies do parque). Novos dados foram obtidos e espécies sem dados históricos foram registados dentro do Parque Nacional do Iona, como o porco-formigueiro (Orycteropus afer), o zorilla (Ictonyx striatus) e o pangolim terrestre (Smutsia temminckii).
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Ramos, Justino da Glória. "As dimensões da política interna e externa de Angola e sua influência na história das relações internacionais contemporâneas." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9999.
Full textAbstract:
A presente tese de doutoramento tem como objecto de análise o panorama geral acerca da interpretação do conflito que culminou com o processo de paz final em Angola, em 4 de Abril de 2002, enfatizando seus antecedentes e desdobramentos. O conflito será analisado sob quatro concepções diferentes e, em simultâneo, complexas e interligadas: a luta pela independência nacional, o conflito regional, o contexto inicial da Guerra Fria e o conflito propriamente interno que se lhe seguiu. O todo da dinâmica relacional que resultou dessas interacções em curso é encarado, ao longo do texto, como crescentemente inscrito no quadro maior de uma política externa angolana que foi emergindo com cada vez maior autonomia no seu enraizamento. O ponto focal deste trabalho mantém-se sempre nesse processo de emergência.
Com isso, buscar-se-á identificar em que direcção essas pesquisas apontam, ou seja, para a questão do apuramento quanto a se existe uma predominância de alguma das linhas de análise, ou ainda, se há junção das quatro linhas analíticas acima identificadas como geradoras de uma explicação evolutiva do que foi o conflito que nos trouxe a Angola que conhecemos.<br>The present doctoral thesis aims to analyse and emphasize the antecedents and consequences of the general environment regarding the interpretation of the conflict that led to Angola’s final peace process, on April 4, 2002. The conflict will be analysed under four different, as well as simultaneously complex and interrelated conceptions: the national independence struggle; the regional conflict; its initial cold war context; and the internal conflict in itself which followed. The whole of the relational dynamics resulting from their interactions involved are examined, throughout the text, as increasingly inscribed in the wider framework of an Angolan foreign policy which emerged as ever more autonomous in its rooting. The focus of this work is always placed on this process of emergence.
The present work will seek to identify which direction present research efforts point to, namely whether there are predominant analytical trends or if, instead, the four analytical strands here identified are aligned and generate an evolutionary explanation to what the conflict which brought about the Angola we know stood for.
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Augusto, Alcénio Elths Mangi. "O Banco Nacional de Angola e a evolução do mercado imobiliário em Luanda no período 2011-2017." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9042.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Eduardo Moraes Sarmento ; co-orientação: José Paulo Oliveira<br>Esta dissertação procurou identificar a correlação entre a taxa de juro BNA enquanto instrumento de política monetária do Banco Nacional de Angola e o nível de preços no mercado imobiliário de Luanda, bem como a relação existente no curto e no longo prazo entre as taxas Luibor e o índice de preços do mercado imobiliário de Luanda.
Para tal foram recolhidos dados diários de séries temporais (taxa Luibor, taxa BNA e Índice de preço habitação e IPC), no período entre o quarto trimestre de 2011 e o segundo trimestre de 2017, totalizando 67 observações. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o modelo de vetores autorregressivos (VAR).
Depois da análise dos dados verificou-se que as séries temporais da taxa Luibor, taxa BNA, Índice de preços habitação, e o IPC apresentaram 2 (dois) vetores co - integrante. As variáveis LUIBOR e Índice Habitação, não apresentaram relação de longo prazo, o β2 é diferentemente significativo de zero com um teste T de 1,96. Isso indica que os desequilíbrios de curto prazo entre as duas séries dos preços LUIBOR e do Índice Habitação devem desaparecer no momento exato em que o equilíbrio de curto prazo ocorrer.
O índice de valor de mercado da habitação varia com a LUIBOR apenas no curto prazo. No entanto no longo prazo o índice de preços da habitação depende da taxa de referência (taxa BNA), uma variação de 1 ponto na taxa BNA, o índice de preços habitação varia 4 pontos. Os desequilíbrios de longo prazo entre as séries taxa BNA e índice de preço habitação devem desaparecer no momento exato em que o equilíbrio de longo prazo ocorrerem. O valor do coeficiente do termo de erro (-0,3486229) implica que o desvio em longo prazo é ajustado em parcelas de 0,3486229 a cada dia.<br>This dissertation sought to identify the correlation between the BNA interest rate as monetary policy instrument of the National Bank of Angola and the level of prices in the real estate market of Luanda, as well as the relationship existing in the short and long term between the Luibor and the price index of the real estate market of Luanda.
For this purpose, daily time series data (Luibor rate, BNA rate and Housing Price Index and IPC) were collected between the fourth quarter of 2011 and the second quarter of 2017, totaling 67 observations. For data analysis, the autoregressive vector (VAR) model was used.
After analyzing the data, it was verified that the time series of the Luibor rate, BNA rate, Housing Price Index, and the IPC showed 2 (two) cointegrations vectors. The variables LUIBOR and Housing Index, did not present a long-term relationship, β2 is significantly different from zero with a T test of 1.96. This indicates that the short-term imbalances between the two LUIBOR and Housing Index series should disappear at the exact moment the short-run equilibrium occurs.
The market value of housing varies with LUIBOR in the short term only. However, in the long run the housing price index depends on the reference rate (BNA rate), a 1point variation in the BNA rate, the housing price index varies by 4 points. The long-term imbalances between the BNA rate series and the housing price index should disappear at the exact moment the long-run equilibrium occurs. The coefficient of the error term coefficient (-0.3486229) implies that the long-term deviation is adjusted in plots of 0.3448229 each day.
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Monteiro, Ana do Carmo Gil. "A política externa portuguesa para o Atlântico Sul: Os casos do Brasil e de Angola." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/104991.
Full textAbstract:
A crescente importância do Atlântico Sul justifica o interesse que alguns países do Norte do oceano têm vindo a demonstrar em relação ao mesmo. Portugal é um desses países, que para além da sua posição geográfica privilegiada, tem também uma boa relação com alguns dos países do Sul. É o caso do Brasil e de Angola. Posto isto, a presente investigação tem como grande objetivo apresentar quais as principais linhas de política externa de Portugal para com o Brasil e Angola, evidenciando também o papel que o Instituto da Defesa Nacional tem na produção de conhecimento relativa a esta matéria. O relatório divide-se em três capítulos, em que o primeiro descreve a definição e a caracterização de política externa no geral, e da política externa portuguesa em particular; o segundo capítulo expõe qual a ligação de Portugal com o Brasil e com Angola, bem como qual a forma como faz política externa para com esses países; e, por fim, o terceiro capítulo contém informação acerca da instituição de estágio – o Instituto da Defesa Nacional –, da forma como essa contribui para a discussão do tema, bem como da descrição do estágio realizado na mesma.<br>The increasing importance of the South Atlantic justifies the interest of some countries from the North of the ocean in the region. Portugal is one of those countries, which, besides its privileged geographical position, also has a good relationship with some of the countries from the South. It is the case of Brazil and Angola. This being said, this investigation’s key goal is to present the main lines of the Portuguese foreign policy toward Brazil and Angola, putting in evidence the role that the National Defense Institute has in the production of knowledge for this field of study. This report is divided in three chapters, in which the first one describes the definition and the characterization of foreign policy in general, and of Portuguese foreign policy in particular; the second chapter exposes the connection between Portugal and Brazil, and Angola, as well as the way Portugal engages with those in terms of foreign policy; and, at last, the third chapter contains information about the institution where the internship was taken – the National Defense Institute –, about how this institution contributes for the discussion of this investigation’s theme, as well as about the description of the internship.
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Virgílio, Alberto Paulo Bento. "Gestão e organização das forças de segurança: a necessidade de um policiamento comunitário na sociedade angolana." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/1849.
Full textAbstract:
A reorganização social da sociedade levou os governos a reverem as suas políticas de segurança. Consequentemente, tais políticas deram origens a várias reformas na área policial. Uma delas é precisamente a procura de formas suaves de resolução dos problemas que perturbem as sociedades, assim como a ordem pública e o bem-estar.
O presente trabalho teve como objectivo analisar o actual modelo de policiamento da Polícia Nacional de Angola (PNA), numa fase em que a sociedade angolana, atenta as transformações do mundo dinâmico em que está inserida, cada vez mais se vai exigindo da mesma Polícia, um trabalho qualificado em prol da segurança comum. A partir da observação directa dos efectivos da Polícia nas ruas e nos comandos, procurou-se também compreender dos profissionais e da sociedade, acerca do trabalho dos efectivos da Polícia Nacional Angolana e do seu patrulhamento, de modo a concluirmos algo sobre a temática.
Assim sendo pretende-se responder, com esta investigação, ao seguinte: a sociedade angolana está ou não preparada para uma policia menos militarizada?; Que tipo de politicas deve adoptar a PN A para atingir os seus objectivos?; As politicas de controlo e fiscalização dos actos dos efectivos do Comando-Geral da Polícia Nacional de Angola, será uma opção a considerar?
Desta pesquisa concluímos que há uma necessidade do policiamento de proximidade na sociedade angolana, para a Polícia Nacional de Angola, alcançar com êxito os seus fins de promover a ordem pública e o bem-estar.<br>The social reorganization of the society took the governments to review its security politics. As a result, such politics had given origins to some reforms in the police area. One of them is necessarily the search of soft forms of resolution of the problems that disturbs the societies, as well as the public order and its well-being.
The present work had as goal to analyze the current model of policing of the National Policy of Angola (NPA), in a phase where the Angolan, society intent the transformations of the dynamic world where it is inserted, each time ask for more demanding of the same Policy, a qualified work that defends the common security. From the direct observation of the staff at the street work and at command building, was also looked to understand of the professionals and the society concerning the work of the staff of the Angolan National Policy and its patrolling, in order to conclude something about the thematic.
Thus being, we intent to answer, with this investigation, to the following questions: Angolan society is or is not prepared for a police less militarized? ; What kind of politics this public institution must save to reach its goals? ; The politics of control and fiscalization from the acts of the staff of General-Command of the NPA, will be an option to consider?
About this research, we can conclude that, there is a necessity of the policing of proximity in the angolan society, this is the way for the NPA, to reach with success its ends to promote the public order and well-being.
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Ginga, Damião Fernandes Capitão. "Angola e a complementaridade do mar : o mar enquanto fator geoestratégico de segurança, defesa e de afirmação." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/6001.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação : António Joaquim Viana de Almeida Tomé<br>Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo, abordar temáticas em torno da importância que o espaço marítimo tem para Angola, numa perspetiva de Segurança, Defesa e de Afirmação do Estado através do mar, no contexto regional e internacional, tendo em conta a vertente securitária, económica e científica de investigação do espaço marítimo, peças estruturais de um triângulo composto por três vértices: Economia do Mar, Segurança e Defesa, e o estudo do Mar enquanto Ciência. O atual crescimento da economia nacional tem suscitado a questão de considerar efetivamente Angola como uma potência emergente na região marítima que lhe é contígua e no continente Africano, fazendo com que os aspetos de defesa, segurança e de afirmação como Estado se encontrem no centro das premissas de desenvolvimento. Esta tese procura efetuar uma análise interpretativa quanto ao valor acrescentado que o Mar oferece, não apenas no âmbito da economia nacional, mas sobretudo de natureza político-estratégica, na medida que o País terá de desenvolver e assegurar uma componente de Segurança e Defesa orientada para o mar, favorecendo o cumprimento dos objetivos de Interesse Nacional e de aproveitamento das oportunidades oferecidas pela ampla área marítima adjacente de interesse imediato. Nesta perspetiva, surgem como elementos centrais neste estudo, a identificação das oportunidades que o Mar transfere para o território nacional, considerando a necessidade de fazer frente a possíveis ameaças, não apenas ao nível da Segurança e Defesa, mas também em termos socioeconómicos, numa perspetiva de inovação e de diversificação da economia e dos recursos marítimos, tendo também presente a vertente do conhecimento científico e tecnológico do Mar, em ordem a interpretar e a rentabilizar as suas capacidades e potencialidades. O setor da ciência e da tecnologia surge como um fator de mudança, viragem e até como catalisador de desenvolvimento para os outros dois vértices do triângulo, permitindo assim uma maior dedicação de Angola aos projetos e estratégias nacionais que envolvam o espaço marítimo como fator de riqueza, de posicionamento estratégico e de recursos marinhos, numa perspetiva de defesa do Interesse Nacional e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentado do país em permanência.Neste quadro, não menos importante é a participação de Angola ao nível das Organizações Internacionais e a relação com os seus parceiros internacionais, dotados de experiência e know-how nas matérias no âmbito dos Assuntos do Mar, uma vez que perante a atual e futura conjuntura internacional dentro do sistema mundial, as áreas da Segurança e da Defesa se incluem dentro do desenvolvimento sustentável como fim último do Estado, constituindo vetores cruciais que se encontram dependentes da conjuntura na qual o país se insere.<br>This work main goal is to approach the subjects around the importance of the maritime area to Angola, in a perspective of security, defense and affirmation of the State in the sea, in both regional and international context, considering the security, economy and scientific investigation in this field, viewed as structural pieces of a triangle composed by three vertexes: Security and Defense, Economics of the Sea, and the study of the Sea as a Science. The actual development of the Angolan economy popped up the question of considering Angola as an emerging power in the maritime region next to its territory, and also in the African continent, making subjects as defense, security and affirmation of the State itself as central questions for the development assumption. In this sense, this Thesis tries to accomplish an interpretative research analysis regarding the added value that is supplied by the sea, not only for the national economy, but above all of a political and strategic nature, in the sense that the country will have to develop and ensure a component of security and defense sea oriented, favoring the fulfillment of national interest goals and taking advantage of all opportunities offered by the large maritime shore of immediate interest. From this perspective appeared as central features of this research, the identification of opportunities transferred to the national territory by the sea, considering the need to face possible threats , not only at security and defense levels, but also in socioeconomic terms, considering innovation and economic diversification of maritime resources, considering also the approach of scientific and technological knowledge of the sea ,in order to interpretate and take economic advantage of all its capacities and potential. Considering this approach, science and technology sectors are a factor for change, turning point and development enhancement, allowing a stronger dedication from Angola to projects and national strategies, involving the maritime space as wealth generator, strategic positioning and source of maritime resources, considering the defense of National Interest and the promotion of a sustainable development model. All factors considered, the Angolan participation in International Organizations and the relations with international partners are of major importance is also of major importance, considering some partners that already considerable experience and know-how about sea matters and once that in the actual and future position in the World System all areas of security and defense are considered as the ultimate role of the State and constitute crucial directions for the positioning of the country.
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Mangens, Raimundo Sapalo. "As reformas do sistema educativo em Angola: ensino de base 1975 - 2001." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7693.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: José V. Brás<br>O Sistema Educativo de Angola tem vindo a transformar-se constantemente,
sobretudo no Ensino Básico. Os contextos políticos, históricos e socioeconómicos,
próprios do homem enquanto ser de relação, condicionaram tais mudanças. O homem em
sociedade constrói culturas e formas políticas de organização, as quais se configuram
também com as leis e formas de governo que garantem a estabilidade comunitária.
O Estado e a Educação são os garantes da construção da cultura de um povo
(Teixeira,1999). O Estado angolano serviu-se de duas reformas para implementar novas
políticas educativas como vias para o desenvolvimento nacional. Em consonância com o
sistema político, económico e social do país, a Primeira Reforma tenta responder às
necessidades reais da jovem Nação: a consolidação da independência e do poder popular,
pôr fim à luta de classes, implantar a sociedade socialista comunista com ideologias
marxista-leninista; integração e coerência da Educação com as necessidades da
sociedade; proporcionar o desenvolvimento integral e universal da personalidade humana,
«criação de um homem novo» e promover um futuro melhor a nova geração.
A Segunda Reforma é exigida pelas novas ideologias políticas de organização do
Estado: responder à economia de mercado livre, mobilidade política, melhoria da
qualidade do ensino e aprendizagem, favorecer a acessibilidade e equidade no Sistema
Educativo. Através dos critérios de análise dos princípios, objectivos e áreas estratégicas
de prioridades, procura-se compreender os factores endógenos e exógenos que se
configuram com o desenvolvimento do ensino. Melhorar o rendimento, a eficiência e a
capacidade de adaptação dos sistemas educativos à evolução científica, a técnica e a vida
socioeconómica dos Estados-Nação constituem os principais objectivos das reformas
educativas.<br>The education system in Angola has been subject to constant changes, especially
within primary education. The political, historical and socio-economic contexts, inherent
to man while a relationship being, regulated this changes. The man in society builds
cultures and political forms of organization which are configured with the laws and forms
of government that ensure community stability as well. State and education are the
warrantors of the culture construction of a people (Teixeira, 1999).
The Angolan state made use of to two reforms to implement new education
policies as means of national development. In consonance with the political, economic
and social system of the country the First Reform attempts to give response to the real
needs of the young nation: The consolidation of independence and popular power; the
end of the class struggle, the deployment of a Communist Socialist society with Marxist
Leninist ideologies, the integration and coherence of education with the needs of society;
the offer of comprehensive and universal development of the human personality,
"creation of a new man" and promotion of a better future for the new generation.
The Second Reform is required by new political ideologies of the state
organization; to respond to free market economy, political mobility, to improve the
teaching and learning quality, to promote accessibility and equity in the education
system. The endogenous and exogenous factors that are configured with the teaching
development are sought to be understood through principles analysis criteria, objectives
and strategic priorities areas. To improve performance, efficiency and the ability of
adaptability of education systems heading scientific developments, technical and socio
economic life of the nation-states are the main goals of educational reforms.