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Journal articles on the topic 'National Programme for Control of Blindness (India)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Tripathy, Koushik. "Prof Lalit Prakash Agarwal (1922-2004)—The Planner of the First-Ever National Blindness Control Program of the World." Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases 9 (January 1, 2017): 117917211770174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179172117701742.

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Prof Lalit Prakash Agarwal drafted the National Programme for Prevention of Visual Impairment and Control of Blindness (now called National Programme for Control of Blindness) in India in 1976, first of its kind in the world. With his vision well ahead of his time, he brought the concept of super-specialty in Indian ophthalmology. He founded Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, the apex governmental ophthalmological center of India. His contributions to modern Indian Ophthalmology were so profound that we may not be mistaken by calling him “the father of modern Indian Ophthalmology.”

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2

Vashist, Praveen, Noopur Gupta, and AS Rathore. "Sentinel surveillance of blindness: An initiative of the National Programme for Control of Blindness in India." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 37, no. 3 (2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.99905.

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3

Hiremath, Geetanjali, Pankajkumar Masare, and Basavaraj C. Kotinatot. "Pharmaco epidemiology of drugs used in post-cataract surgery patients in tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183943.

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Background: In India cataract is the principal cause of blindness responsible for 62.6% as per national programme for control of blindness survey and as per our knowledge, very few systematically analysed data are available on the drug utilization study pattern of medical intervention for post cataract surgery in India. Hence, the present study was under taken to generate baseline drug use data and analyse various aspects of drug prescribing practices.Methods: This study was conducted in department of ophthalmology BIMS Belagavi. A total of 449 patients’ prescription was analysed prospectively. The data was analysed statistically, and results were expressed as numbers and percentage.Results: A total of 2306 drugs were prescribed for 449 patients who underwent cataract surgery. All patients received topical eye drops includes bromfenac 0.1% eye drop and other one is a fixed drug combination of dexamathasone 0.1% plus ofloxacin 0.3% eye drop. Use of antibiotic in association with sex found to be significant (p- value <0.004). Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.1 and drugs which prescribed in generic name were 60.99% and overall percentage of drugs prescribed by brand name was 38.94% which includes 100% eye drops were prescribed by brand names. Fixed drug combination includes 19.50% and drugs from essential drug list used were 80.49%.Conclusions: Health care providers have to take initiative for rational prescribing keeping in mind that it is not only a matter of national policy but also to wellbeing of individual patient.

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Chitra, M., and Aruthdha Shree Neevanandam. "Prevalence Trend of Diabetic Retinopathy in India." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i3.4052.

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Background: Diabetic Retinopathy plays a vital role in the impact of long-term Diabetic patients in global humankind. The health of diabetic people determined by many factors, specifically the number of years of diabetic suffering. There is a positive relationship between the risk of diabetic retinopathy and the number of years of diabetic sufferings, which was identified by many researchers globally. In addition, patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus are suffering from diabetic retinopathy. However, there are few comprehensive reviews and studies focusing on its prevalence and the factors of prevalence. It is worthwhile to pay attention to diabetic retinopathy in Global, India and its region, given that the trend and structure of diabetic retinopathy from reviews. Method: Prevalence provides a cross-sectional snapshot of morbidity at that point or period. The study is a concurrent review of diabetic retinopathy in India and its region. It presents the findings from some national or regional camp data, interviews with key informants, reviews of relevant published papers and policy contents. Results and Conclusion: Approximately one in five people living with diabetes in India has some degree of DR (13 million in India) and one in ten (6.5 million) has the vision-threatening form of DR. Tamil Nadu is the topmost in the prevalence rate of Diabetic Retinopathy among the states of India with above 10.5 percentage based on the report of Amaltas 2019. Hence, a mass survey for diabetic retinopathy screening needed to be conducted in all districts to know the exact status and plan in the National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCB & VI).

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Chauhan, L. S., and J. Tonsing. "Revised national TB control programme in India." Tuberculosis 85, no. 5-6 (September 2005): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2005.08.003.

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6

Dutta, Mahendra, and R. S. Sharma. "Prospects of national ARI control programme in India." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 54, no. 2 (March 1987): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02750798.

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7

Vashist, Praveen, SinghSenjam Suraj, Vivek Gupta, Noopur Gupta, and Atul Kumar. "Definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness: Do we need to revise it?" Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 65, no. 2 (2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_869_16.

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8

Zaman, Forhad. "Journey of Tuberculosis Control in India: From then till now." Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i01.003.

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The history of Tuberculosis control in India dates back to 1951 with mass vaccination with BCG and it started as a National Programme in 1962. Radical changes in the form of DOTS were incorporated with the start of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in 1997. Since then, TB control efforts have witnessed many changes in the form of daily DOTS, Injection free regimen for both drug sensitive & drug resistant TB, moving from fixed Categories of treatment regimen to Individualized treatment regimen based on prior Universal Drug susceptibility testing. Flexibility has been incorporated in the programme to accommodate Private practitioners in the form of various incentives. Introduction of Active case finding strategy has helped in early diagnosis leading to prompt treatments. Engagement of Community and leaders from all sectors and various organizations has helped to reach all communities in this fight against TB. India hopes to End TB by 2025 with rechristening the programme to National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) and bringing in the much needed changes & flexibilities in the programme.

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9

Laskar, Nasrin Banu. "EVALUATION OF COST EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESS IN DIBRUGARH DISTRICT." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 18 (May 2, 2013): 3018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/653.

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10

Soyam, Vishal, and Pallavi Boro. "Newer initiatives in revised national tuberculosis control programme and its current implementation status." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11945.

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The Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme has continuously innovative and progressive in addressing issues related to Tuberculosis control in India. With the implementation of RNTCP, India has taken huge stride in reduction of mortality and morbidity due to TB. The programme has actively incorporated various new ideas, innovations and information communication technology to curb this menace. These newer initiatives provide unprecedented opportunities to control Tuberculosis more efficiently if it implemented effectively. India has made enormous progress towards TB control through their honest effort. Innovations will effectively leverage India’s endeavour. Programme must continue and sustain these efforts to make India TB free.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11945 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 1-8

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11

Vemparala, Rajshekhar. "National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) in the 12th Five year plan: An Overview." Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 4 (June 1, 2017): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7869/djo.271.

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12

Joshi, MitaV, and VirendraKumar Sharma. "Epidemiological study of patients availing free cataract services of national programme of control of blindness." Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research 3, no. 1 (2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2320-3897.149341.

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Singru, SamirAnil, and AnaghaSamir Singru. ""Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme" in India, a strong need to revise." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 6, no. 5 (2013): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.133776.

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14

Vijayaraghavan, K. "National control programme against nutritional blindness due to vitamin A deficiency: Current status & future strategy." Indian Journal of Medical Research 148, no. 5 (2018): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1781_18.

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15

Laskar, NasrinB. "Evaluating the cost effectiveness of national program for control of blindness in Jorhat district, India." Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 6, no. 2 (2015): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.160024.

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16

Verma, Ramesh. "National programme on prevention and control of diabetes in India: Need to focus." Australasian Medical Journal 5, no. 6 (July 1, 2012): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/amj.2012.1340.

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17

Arya, A., V. Roy, A. Lomash, S. Kapoor, A. Khanna, and G. Rangari. "Rifampicin pharmacokinetics in children under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India, 2009." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 19, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0819.

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18

Verma, S. K., Karthik Nagaraju, Surya Kant, R. A. S. Kushwaha, S. Kumar, and R. Garg. "Patients’ perceptions about the implementation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India." Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 63, no. 2 (April 2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2015.06.002.

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19

Shrivastava, Aakash. "National Programme on Climate Change and Human Health-India, 2019." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 03 (September 30, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202029.

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Introduction: In 2015, India’s response to climate change was broadened by introducing four new missions including “Health”. National Action Plan for Climate Change and Human Health (NAPCCHH) was prepared in 2018 with objective to strengthen health care services against adverse impact of climate change on health. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) approved National Programme on Climate Change and Human Health (NPCCHH) under National Health Mission (NHM) in February 2019. The common Climate Sensitive Diseases (CSDs) are - air pollution related, heat related, water-borne, vector-borne, cardiopulmonary diseases, mental health, food-borne, nutrition related illnesses etc. Currently the three key areas of focus for NPCCHH include air pollution, heat related illnesses and creation of green and climate resilient healthcare facilities. Air Pollution and Human Health: Acute Respiratory Illnesses (ARI) surveillance in context of air pollution was started in year 2017 in Delhi. Key Strategy in coming years are to expand ARI surveillance in all polluted cities of States, developing State/District/Cities level health sector adaptation plan for air pollution and health. Heat and Human Health: Since 2015, heat related illnesses (HRI) surveillance was started from heat vulnerable States of India. Key Strategies in coming year are strengthening the surveillance, standardizing the investigation of deaths due to suspected heat stroke cases, developing State/ District/ City specific heat and health action plan, increasing public awareness and community outreach, developing measures for early warning system/ alerts and response at State, district and below district level. National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) under MoHFW is incorporating both the green and climate resilient healthcare principles in revising Indian Public Health Service Guidelines.

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20

Mathur, Prashant, Krishnan Sathishkumar, Meesha Chaturvedi, Priyanka Das, Kondalli Lakshminarayana Sudarshan, Stephen Santhappan, Vinodh Nallasamy, Anish John, Sandeep Narasimhan, and Francis Selvaraj Roselind. "Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 1063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00122.

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PURPOSE The systematic collection of data on cancer is being performed by various population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) across India under the National Cancer Registry Programme–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research of Indian Council of Medical Research since 1982. METHODS This study examined the cancer incidence, patterns, trends, projections, and mortality from 28 PBCRs and also the stage at presentation and type of treatment of patients with cancer from 58 HBCRs (N = 667,666) from the pooled analysis for the composite period 2012-2016. Time trends in cancer incidence rate were generated as annual percent change from 16 PBCRs (those with a minimum of 10 years of continuous good data available) using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Aizawl district (269.4) and Papumpare district (219.8) had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates among males and females, respectively. The projected number of patients with cancer in India is 1,392,179 for the year 2020, and the common 5 leading sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix uteri, and tongue. Trends in cancer incidence rate showed an increase in all sites of cancer in both sexes and were high in Kamrup urban (annual percent change, 3.8%; P < .05). The majority of the patients with cancer were diagnosed at the locally advanced stage for breast (57.0%), cervix uteri (60.0%), head and neck (66.6%), and stomach (50.8%) cancer, whereas in lung cancer, distant metastasis was predominant among males (44.0%) and females (47.6%). CONCLUSION This study provides a framework for assessing the status and trends of cancer in India. It shall guide appropriate support for action to strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention and control to achieve the national noncommunicable disease targets and the sustainable development goals.

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21

Negrel, A. D., Y. C. Lchazraji, and M. Azelmat. "[Blinding cataract in Morocco]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 3, no. 1 (January 15, 1997): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1997.3.1.108.

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A 1992 survey of the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Morocco identified age-related cataract as the leading cause of blindness [45.5%] and low vision [43.1%]. The prevalence of cataract-related visual impairment was estimated to be 2.1%. Patients who had undergone cataract surgery represented 0.8% of the sample;the demand for surgical care is estimated at 25%. Only 60% of people with aphakia had the necessary corrective lenses. Stigmata/complications of posterior dislocation of the lens by the traditional method of cataract treatment were found in 0.1% of cases examined. Sound and sustained management of the public health problem posed by cataracts would reduce the current prevalence of blindness by about 40%, bringing it down to 0.5%, the long-term objective of the national blindness control programme

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22

Gadhade, Jyoti B., Rajesh S. Hiray, Rekha Y. Aherkar, and Kalpana U. Shah. "Pharmacovigilance programme of India: revival of the renaissance." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184338.

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Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the fourth leading cause of morbidity in the world. In order to safeguard the health of the community, Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) is implemented as the monitoring body by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC). It is leading national authority. National Coordinating Centre (NCC) PvPI works as the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating centre for pharmacovigilance. Adverse drug reactions are reported to NCC PvPI which are then directed towards WHO Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) Sweden which is the global monitoring centre for worldwide data. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the regulatory authority of India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India. This article focusses on the various strands of pharmacovigilance at the healthcare professional and consumer level. It also discusses the pitfalls in the journey of pharmacovigilance thus helping in enhancing the quality of health safety. Even a minuscule contribution by a health care professional or a consumer can voluminously help in promotion of drug safety. Therefore, there is a need of inculcating the culture of adverse drug reaction reporting for the welfare of the vulnerable masses.

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Rangasamy, Surendar, Arthi Marimuthu, Rajkumar Subramanian, and Narayan K. A. "Evaluation of revised national tuberculosis control programme in rural Puducherry." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3842. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193981.

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Background: WHO estimates that annually 3 million deaths occurs due to tuberculosis and will reach to more than one billion in 2020. In India, more than 40% of population is infected. The revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) uses directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity, reduce transmission. Compliance to DOTS therapy is one of the important factors that affect the treatment outcome. Hence this study was done to assess the drug compliance rate of adults registered under RNTCP in the past one year and first three months after starting the study and to explore the factors associated with drug compliance.Methods: A longitudinal study was done in Bahour Commune Panchayat with subjects registered under RNTCP from January 2011 to March 2012. They were followed-up by house visit, interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age was 44±13 years, 35 (68.6%) males were illiterate. About 60 (85.7%) belong to Class IV socio-economic status; 15 (29.4%) and 33 (64.7%) of adults had smoking and alcohol intake respectively; 03 (04.3) were diabetic. The treatment compliance rates were cured 64.3% (45/70), completed 27.1% (19/70), default 2.9% (02/70), failure 5.7% (04/70).Conclusions: Male being diseased in the productive age-group, will not only affect the health of the patient but also affect the family’s economic status. Most of the males gave history of alcohol intake, for which they require constant motivation for compliance to the treatment.

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Gupta, Pooja, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, Neena Valecha, and Yogendra K. Gupta. "Pharmacovigilance Practices for Better Healthcare Delivery: Knowledge and Attitude Study in the National Malaria Control Programme of India." Malaria Research and Treatment 2014 (September 15, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/837427.

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Objective. With large scale rollout of artemisinin based therapy in the National Malaria Control Programme of India, a risk management plan is needed. This depends on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting by the healthcare professionals (HCPs). For the programme to be successful, an understanding of the mindset of HCPs is critical. Hence, the present study was designed to assess and compare the ADR reporting beliefs of HCPs involved in the National Malaria Control Programme of India. Methods. A cross–sectional survey was conducted amongst the HCPs who manage malaria up to the district level in India. A 5-point Likert scale-based questionnaire was developed as a study tool. Results. A total of 154 HCPs participated in the study (age: 42.4 ± 10.1 years with 33.8% being females). About 61% felt that only medically qualified HCPs are responsible for ADR reporting. Likeliness to report in future was mentioned by 45% HCPs. The knowledge score was relatively lower for life science graduates (P=0.09). Knowledge correlated positively with attitude (r2=0.114; P<0.0001). Conclusion. Based on the caveats identified, a specific and targeted in-service education with hands-on training on ADR monitoring and reporting needs to be designed to boost real time pharmacovigilance in India.

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Gulia, Seema, Manju Sengar, Rajendra Badwe, and Sudeep Gupta. "National Cancer Control Programme in India: Proposal for Organization of Chemotherapy and Systemic Therapy Services." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 3 (June 2017): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.001818.

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Cancer is a major health problem in India, with an estimated incidence of 1 million cases in 2012 that is likely to double in 2035 to approximately 1.7 million. The majority of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages, and approximately two thirds of patients die as a result of their disease. The mortality-to-incidence ratio is 0.68 in India, which is far higher than that in developed countries (approximately 0.38). One of the important reasons for this discrepancy is inequitable distribution and inaccessibility of health care resources in India. One component of scarce health care resources is the low ratio of oncologists to patients with cancer (1:2,000), which leads to delivery of systemic anticancer therapy in many hospitals by health care professionals who do not have required training. Given these facts, there is a need to focus on organization of medical oncology services in terms of manpower and infrastructure to standardize the delivery of systemic anticancer therapy. Redistribution of resources can streamline the delivery of cancer care, preferably close to the patient’s home. This article describes the blueprint for organization of medical oncology services and delivery of chemotherapy and other systemic therapies to Indian patients. The model uses existing health care services in the country and is a four-tiered system of increasing sophistication: District Hospitals, Medical College Hospitals, Regional Cancer Centres, and Apex Cancer Centres. Delivery of quality care to patients with cancer through standardized protocols is crucial in improving cancer outcomes in India.

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Mohite, RV, VR Mohite, and PM Durgawale. "Patient satisfaction in national leprosy eradication programme." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 3 (June 23, 2013): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15430.

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Background: Leprosy has been a literal scourge through the history of humanity and to eradicate the disease from high endemic countries need leprosy services to be sustained and they remain of good quality. Objective: The present study aimed for getting a reasonable impression of the clients views on a range of quality aspects of leprosy services rendered by district leprosy control unit under national leprosy eradication programme(NLEP). Methodology: Cross- sectional study was conducted in Satara district of western Maharashtra, India among registered leprosy patients under district leprosy control unit during April -July2008. A sample of 25 % of registered leprosy cases were selected by random sampling method from primary health centers and urban leprosy control units to assess the patients satisfaction under the functioning of NLEP. After verbal consent, participants were interviewed at home site using pre-tested structured proforma include socio -demographic and patient satisfaction variables. Data collected was compiled and analyzed by using statistical software. Results: Patients overall level of satisfaction was very good i.e. 88.89% with max, 46.03% cases were from age group 35 to 52 years. Max, 47.61% cases were illiterate with high case detection rate, 52.38% was seen males. The proportion of multi-bacillary (MB) and pauci-bacillary (PB) cases was 65.07 % & 34.92 % respectively. Most of the patients were satisfied with anti-leprosy drugs, health education and no physical deformity due to disease underline. 98.41 % patients were satisfied about follow- up and motivation services. Satisfaction about diagnosis of disease by doctors and starting of treatment was 96.82 % and 95.23 % respectively, however satisfaction with rehabilitative services was 14.28%. Significant statistical association was existed between age of leprosy affected cases and their level of satisfaction under NLEP services (?2=15.92,p <0.05*). Conclusion: Elimination of leprosy and very good patient satisfaction towards leprosy services in Satara district indicates successfulness of NLEP. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 305-309 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15430

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S. N., Gupta, Gupta Naveen, and Gupta Shivani. "Evaluation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India - A Revised Version." Pediatric Education and Research 3, no. 1 (2015): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.3115.3.

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Sebastian, G., S. B. Nagaraja, T. Vishwanatha, M. Voderhobli, N. Vijayalakshmi, and P. Kumar. "Non-Tuberculosis mycobacterium speciation using HPLC under Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in India." Journal of Applied Microbiology 124, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.13604.

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Sharath, BN, AMV Kumar, R. Ranjini, S. Anand, H. Sundaram, SK Singh, and P. Kumar. "How better is random blinded re-checking results in revised national TB Control Programme, India?" Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 33, no. 4 (2015): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.167318.

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Subramanian, S., S. P. Pani, P. K. Das, and P. K. Rajagopalan. "Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India: 2. Epidemiological evaluation of the effect of vector control." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 3 (December 1989): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800031095.

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SUMMARYThis article examines the evaluation of a bancroftian filariasis control programme undertaken in Pondicherry from 1981–5. Integrated vector management was applied in one half of the town, and routine operations under the national programme (larviciding and chemotherapy) continued in the comparison area. The programme was evaluated by monitoring relative change in the epidemiological statistics of both populations. The results indicate that there was significant reduction in prevalence of microfilaraemia in juveniles in the controlled area. An apparent reduction in intensity of microfilaraemia was also observed but this was a consequence of the reduction in prevalence, since the density of microfilariae remained unchanged. The results suggest that primary constraints on the epidemiological evaluation of the vector control of filariasis are the longevity and the population characteristics of the parasite.

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Nautiyal, Ram Gopal, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Public private mix in tuberculosis control: is it really working in India?" International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180258.

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Background: As significant proportions of the tuberculosis (TB) patients in India are managed by the private sector, integration of the private sector with the revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) is crucial to achieve TB control in the country. The RNTCP of India has been therefore involving allopathic private practitioners (PPs) since its beginning through its RNTCP- Indian Medical Association public-private mix (RNTCP-IMA PPM) project for inclusive involvement of PPs in the programme to fight against TB. The objectives of the study were to evaluate whether or not the RNTCP-IMA PPM project in India could mobilize the support of the allopathic private practitioners (PPs) by analyzing their knowledge and perception about RNTCP, and their readiness to support the programme.Methods: A questionnaire based cross- sectional study was conducted in urban areas of districts of Kumaon division of Uttarakhand State of North India. Results: Of 71 PPs, almost 83% knew that in RNTCP sputum acid fast bacillus (AFB) examination was the most important diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis, 66.2% knew that intermittent regimens under direct observation are practiced in RNTCP, 32.4% believed drug regimens in RNTCP of questionable efficacy, 29.6% felt ignored by the programme and only 2.8% felt RNTCP a successful strategy. 50.7% PPs showed readiness to support the programme with government support. Conclusions: The RNTCP-IMA PPM project seems to have performed sub-optimally as majority (97.2%) PPs did not perceive RNTCP as a successful strategy. For successful RNTCP-IMA PPM, India needs to upscale the existing PPM with strong political will and administrative commitment.

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Nagaraja, SharathBurugina, Reshu Agarwal, BharatBhushan Rewari, Suresh Shastri, and AbhilakhSingh Rathore. "Delivery of antiretroviral treatment services in India: Estimated costs incurred under the National AIDS Control Programme." WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 6, no. 1 (2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.206172.

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Pandit, Sudipta, Atin Dey, ArunabhaDatta Chaudhuri, Mita Saha, Amitava Sengupta, Sushmita Kundu, Sourin Bhuniya, and Shib Singh. "Five-years experiences of the revised national tuberculosis control programme in northern part of Kolkata, India." Lung India 26, no. 4 (2009): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.56343.

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Kanungo, Srikanta, Zulfia Khan, MohammadAthar Ansari, and AliJafar Abedi. "Assessment of directly observed treatment in revised national tuberculosis control programme: A study from North India." Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 8, no. 2 (2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.210003.

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Prasad, Rajendra, Salik Raza, Sanjeev K. Verma, R. A. S. Kushwaha, Rajiv Garg, and Amita Jain. "A STUDY ON CHRONIC CASES (CAT IV) UNDER REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME (RNTCP) IN INDIA." Chest 130, no. 4 (October 2006): 284S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.4_meetingabstracts.284s-b.

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Sahu, Shobharam, Poonam Rishishwar, and Chhaya Rathod. "Pharmacovigilence practice for safety of medication system in India." Journal of Phytopharmacology 7, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7220.

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Pharmacovigilance is very essential tool to ensure the safety of drug. It provides safety to patients in case of medication. Activity of pharmacovigilance is coordinates by National pharmacovigilance center in collaboration with international regulatory authorities (WHO, The Uppsala Monitoring center). Under the aegis of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), New Delhi, has initiated a nation-wide pharmacovigilance programme, with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi as the National Coordinating Centre (NCC) for monitoring Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)

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Hebbar, Pragati Bhaskar, Vivek Dsouza, Upendra Bhojani, Onno CP van Schayck, Giridhara R. Babu, and Gera Nagelhout. "Implementation research for taking tobacco control policies to scale in India: a realist evaluation study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e050859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050859.

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IntroductionThere are ongoing policies and programs to reduce tobacco use and minimise the associated health burden in India. However, there are several challenges in practice leading to different outcomes across Indian states. Inadequate understanding of how national tobacco control policies achieve their results under varied circumstances obstruct the implementation and scaling up of effective strategies. This study is a realist evaluation using largely qualitative methods to understand the implementation process of India’s tobacco control policies. It will do so by evaluating India’s Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) and the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP). The study aims to examine how, why, for whom and under which circumstances COTPA and NTCP are implemented in India.Methods and analysisA realist synthesis on implementation of tobacco control policies in low-income and middle-income countries is conducted. This is followed by qualitative data collection and analysis in three Indian states selected based on data from two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The study comprises of three steps (1): development of initial programme theories, (2) testing and refinement of initial programme theories and (3) testing and validation of refined programme theories. We will interview policy-makers, programme managers and implementers to identify facilitators and barriers of implementation. The purpose is to identify context-specific evidence-based strategies to gain insights into the implementation process of COTPA and NTCP. Further we aim to contribute to tobacco control research by establishing communities of practice to engage with cross-cutting issues.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Ethics Committee, at the Institute of Public Health (Bengaluru), has approved the protocol. Written informed consent forms will be obtained from all the participants. Dissemination has been planned for researchers, policy-makers and implementers as well as the public through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentation, webinars and social media updates.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020191541.

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Aguayo, Víctor M., Kajali Paintal, and Gayatri Singh. "The Adolescent Girls’ Anaemia Control Programme: a decade of programming experience to break the inter-generational cycle of malnutrition in India." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 9 (January 24, 2013): 1667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012005587.

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AbstractObjectiveTo document the scale-up of India's Adolescent Girls’ Anaemia Control Programme following a knowledge-centred framework for scaling up nutrition interventions and to identify the critical elements of and lessons learned from a decade of programme experience for the control of anaemia in adolescent girls.DesignWe reviewed all articles, programme and project reports, and baseline and endline assessments published between 1995 and 2012 regarding the control of anaemia through intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation; key programme specialists and managers were interviewed to complete or verify information wherever needed.SettingIndia.SubjectsAdolescent girls.ResultsThe scale-up of India's Adolescent Girls’ Anaemia Control Programme followed a knowledge-centred programme cycle comprising five phases: Evidence, Innovation, Evaluation, Replication and Universalization. By the end of 2011, the programme was being rolled out in thirteen states and was reaching 27·6 million adolescent girls of whom 16·3 million were school-going girls and 11·3 million were out-of-school girls. Building on the critical elements of and lessons learned from the programme, the Government of India launched in 2012 the national Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) programme to universalize the benefits of anaemia control to the overall population of Indian adolescents.ConclusionsThe Adolescent Girls’ Anaemia Control Programme in India provides a good example of how a knowledge-centred approach can successfully guide the scaling up of public health nutrition interventions and facilitate intersectoral convergence among different government departments and development partners to break the inter-generational cycle of undernutrition and deprivation.

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Nautiyal, Ram Gopal, and Rajesh Kumar Singh. "Management of pulmonary tuberculosis in private health sector: is it according to revised national tuberculosis control programme guidelines?" International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190203.

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Background: As private sector is dominant tuberculosis (TB) care provider in India, to realize the vision of TB free India, it is crucial that public and private sector follow uniform standard of TB care. This can be achieved when private health sector adopts TB management methodology of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) of India. The present study was conducted to estimate whether or not TB management practices of allopathic private practitioners (PPs) conform to RNTCP guidelines by assessment of their knowledge and practice about new pulmonary TB (PTB).Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire among PPs practicing in urban areas of five of the six districts of Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand State of India between October 2013 to November 2014.Results: Of 71 PPs included in the study, almost 66% did not suspect pulmonary TB unless cough was associated with other symptoms. For diagnosis and follow up, sputum AFB microscopy alone was used by only 10% and 8.4% PPs respectively. Of the 71 PPs, 67 PPs who prescribed treatment for new PTB, used 20 diverse anti-TB regimens, and 10.5% of them included levofloxacin in the regimen.Conclusions: Majority PPs didn’t follow the RNTCP’s TB management guidelines for new PTB.

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Mathur, Prashant, Sukanya Rangamani, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Deepadarshan Huliyappa, Bhoomika Bajaj Bhalla, and Vinay Urs. "National Stroke Registry Programme in India for Surveillance and Research: Design and Methodology." Neuroepidemiology 54, no. 6 (2020): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510482.

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The burden of stroke is increasing, and India lacks comparable long-term data on stroke incidence and mortality. Disease surveillance using a registry model can provide long-term data on stroke for linking with public health interventions in stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. The objectives of the National Stroke Registry Programme (NSRP), India, are to generate reliable data on the incidence of first-ever stroke events in defined populations through a population-based stroke registry (PBSR) and to describe the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with stroke in different treatment settings through a hospital-based stroke registry (HBSR). Continuous systematic collection on a standardized format of diagnostic, treatment, and outcome information on stroke events in persons of defined population (PBSR) and those who attend hospitals (HBSR) is conducted through active data abstraction from review of records from all health facilities and imaging centres that cater to stroke patients. Data are ICD coded, verified, and completed by obtaining survival status of registered patients. IT tools are used for data collection,management and analysis. The NSRP shall establish a standardized stroke surveillance system that would reliably measure stroke incidence, subtypes, treatment patterns, complications, disability, case fatality, and survival. This evidence shall inform health planning of stroke interventions and control activities. It would facilitate improvement in stroke services to improve quality of care and outcomes of stroke. A thrust for research on stroke would be encouraged based on evidence-based hypothesis generation.

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Kalyankar, Vijay Y., Bhakti V. Kalyankar, Shriniwas N. Gadappa, and Ummehani G. Rasool. "Obstetric outcome of phase IV of National AIDS Control Programme at a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2017): 4555. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174441.

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Background: This study was conducted to observe maternal and fetal outcome of sero-positive women delivering at our centre by using the newly introduced National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) phase IV of HARRT (highly active antiretroviral therapy) recommended by National AIDS Control Organisation (GOI) started from 1st January 2014.Methods: Study included all seropositive pregnant women diagnosed during pregnancy and in emergency at labour room of Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India in 2 years period. The women and their newborns were managed as per recommendations of phase IV of National AIDS Control Programme of Government of India.Results: There was reduction in associated maternal infections, high CD4 counts, increase in vaginal deliveries, promotion of exclusive breast feeding and limitation of vertical transmission of HIV. The adverse impact of HIV on mother and newborn still continues.Conclusions: Phase IV of NACP appears to be promising in the initial phases of its implementation.

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Ainapure, Kantinath, Kumar Sumit, and Sanjay M. Pattanshetty. "A study on implementation of national programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke in Udupi district, Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182163.

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Background: In India National programme for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) programme was launched in 2011 to reduce the burden of Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs). Udupi district was one of the first few districts of Karnataka where NPCDCS programme was started in the year 2010.Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the stakeholders involved in the NPCDCS programme of Udupi District, Karnataka from January 2017- June 2017. Purposive sampling method was used for the sample selection. A total of 36 in-depth interviews were carried out among the stakeholders of NPCDCS programme.Results: The programme has achieved initial success and its successful implementation has to be observed in the coming years. Health staff posts which are critical in implementation of NPCDCS are vacant in many of the healthcare centres. Awareness about this programme was relatively low in the community.Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct regular awareness and screening campaigns with proper follow-up services to make the community sensitized about the programme. Regular supply of medicines should be ensured for the effective implementation of the programme in the future so that it can achieve its goal in reducing the burden NCDs.

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M. Chaudhary, Sanjeev, Sanjay S. Kubde, Sharad P. Patil, and Sanjay Agrawal. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF SOME OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN TUBERCULOSIS UNIT, NAGPUR, INDIA." Journal of Preventive Medicine And Care 1, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1103.

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Kumar, Pradeep, Damodar Sahu, Nalini Chandra, Arvind Kumar, and Shobini Rajan. "Aging of HIV epidemic in India: Insights from HIV estimation modeling under the national aids control programme." Indian Journal of Public Health 64, no. 5 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_127_20.

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Muniyandi, M., N. Karikalan, T. Kannan, B. Saravanan, P. Vidhya, and K. Rajendran. "TB diagnostic cascade among patients registered under the Revised National TB Control Programme in Chennai, South India." Tropical Medicine & International Health 25, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13380.

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Meshram, Supriya, Pratibha Narang, Farah Mohammed, Rahul Narang, N. S. Gomathi, and Ajay Dawale. "Drug resistance in tuberculosis- resurvey in Wardha district, India after implementation of revised national TB control program." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.040.

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Level of drug resistance among new TB patients indicates the efficacy of any control programme. A drug resistance survey, as a part of global study in new pulmonary tuberculosis (NPTB) patients, was conducted in Wardha district, India under WHO /IUTLD in 2001, before the implementation of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) which was implemented in the district in 2002. The present study was conducted in Wardha district in 2014-2015, thirteen years after the implementation of RNTCP, and the drug resistance in isolates from NPTB patients was compared to the results of 2001 survey. The methodology used was same in both the surveys. : In addition to 132 isolates from Wardha, the study also included 112 isolates from adjoining city, Nagpur and total of 244 sputum isolates were subjected to drug sensitivity by standard 1% proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen’s medium. In addition molecular typing of resistant strains was done.: In Wardha, compared to 2001 survey, overall susceptibility to first line drugs washigher (94.7% vs 80.2%); and resistance to streptomycin (3% vs 7.6%) and isoniazid (2.2% vs 15.2%) were significantly lower (p≤ 0.05). MDR was 0.75% against 0.50% in the earlier study but the difference was statistically not significant. Only two MDR isolate were recovered, of which only one was from Wardha.After the implementation of RNTCP in Wardha District, drug resistancein new PTB patients has shown a decline and MDR continues to be low reflecting upon the efficiency of the program.

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Rajagopalan, P. K., P. K. Das, S. Subramanian, P. Vanamail, and K. D. Ramaiah. "Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, South India: 1. Pre-control epidemiological observations." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 3 (December 1989): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800031083.

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SUMMARYA 5-year Integrated Vector Management (IVM) project was implemented in Pondicherry, South India, for the control of Bancroftian filariasis. The efficacy of the IVM strategy was compared with routine control strategy under the national programme. The present paper describes the pre-control epidemiological features of filariasis as determined by a mass blood survey in 1981. Of 24946 persons examined 8·41%; were microfilaraemic. Microfilaraemia prevalence was homogeneous throughout the study area. The prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia were age dependent, and increased monotonically until about 20 years, following which there was a decline until about 40 years to become relatively stable in older age classes. The gender profiles of both prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia showed no difference between the sexes until about 15 years of age, following which both were higher in males compared to females. The distribution of microfilarial counts was overdispersed, indicating aggregation of adult worms.

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Johnson, Claire, Sailesh Mohan, Deversetty Praveen, Mark Woodward, Pallab K. Maulik, Roopa Shivashankar, Ritvik Amarchand, et al. "Protocol for developing the evidence base for a national salt reduction programme for India." BMJ Open 4, no. 10 (October 2014): e006629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006629.

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IntroductionThe scientific evidence base in support of salt reduction is strong but the data required to translate these insights into reduced population salt intake are mostly absent. The aim of this research project is to develop the evidence base required to formulate and implement a national salt reduction programme for India.Methods and analysisThe research will comprise three components: a stakeholder analysis involving government, industry, consumers and civil society organisations; a population survey using an age-stratified and sex-stratified random samples drawn from urban (slum and non-slum) and rural areas of North and South India; and a systematic quantitative evaluation of the nutritional components of processed and restaurant foods. The stakeholder interviews will be analysed using qualitative methods to summarise the main themes and define the broad range of factors influencing the food environment in India. The population survey will estimate the mean daily salt consumption through the collection of 24 h urine samples with concurrent dietary surveys identifying the main sources of dietary sodium/salt. The survey of foods will record the nutritional composition of the chief elements of food supply. The findings from this research will be synthesised and proposals for a national salt reduction strategy for India will be developed in collaboration with key stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the University of Sydney and the Centre for Chronic Disease Control in New Delhi, and also by the Indian Health Ministry's Screening Committee. The project began fieldwork in February 2014 and will report the main results in 2016. The ﬁndings will be targeted primarily at public health policymakers and advocates, but will be disseminated widely through other mechanisms including conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications, as well as to the participating communities.

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Mallick, Gayadhar, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Karuna D. Sagili, Kshitij Khaparde, Srinath Satyanarayana, and Sarabjit Chadha. "Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Tribal Action Plan Fund Utilisation: How Does Chhattisgarh State in India Fare?" Journal of Tuberculosis Research 07, no. 01 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.71001.

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Sachdeva, Kuldeep Singh, Srinath Satyanarayana, Puneet Kumar Dewan, Sreenivas Achuthan Nair, Raveendra Reddy, Debasish Kundu, Sarabjit Singh Chadha, Ajay Kumar Madhugiri Venkatachalaiah, Malik Parmar, and Lakhbir Singh Chauhan. "Source of Previous Treatment for Re-Treatment TB Cases Registered under the National TB Control Programme, India, 2010." PLoS ONE 6, no. 7 (July 21, 2011): e22061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022061.

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