Academic literature on the topic 'National protection imperative'

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Journal articles on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Smirnova, Elena. "Human rights, imperative norms and basic principles of International Law: notes of an international lawyer." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 8 (2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520027236-0.

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The institute of human rights is a key means of protecting individual rights. The list of human rights is very wide, but not complete. There is a lot of work to be done to approve this protection mechanism in the national and International Law of the XXI century.
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Ali, Muhammad Imran. "Unveiling Shadows: Jus Cogens Imperative to Criminalize Enforced Disappearances in Pakistan." Vietnamese Journal of Legal Sciences 9, no. 2 (2023): 90–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjls-2023-0011.

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Abstract The United Nations, aiming to eradicate enforced disappearance, introduced the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPAPED), mandating signatory States to take preventive actions. Enforced disappearance is also deemed a crime against humanity under other international treaties. However, Pakistan has not ratified the ICPAPED, and its national laws lack specific provisions criminalizing enforced disappearance. Additionally, Pakistan is involved in various international treaties that uphold jus cogens, a fundamental principle of interna
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Mironova, Tatyana Nikolaevna. "Global challenges of the 21st century and their reflection in the culture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2204-04.

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The article analyzes the problem of transformation of the cultural policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the influence of global trends in the protection of national heritage and integration into the modern global world. It is shown that in the second half of the 20th century, when accepting globalization as a given has already become part of the policy of the leading countries of the East, large-scale modernization of the economy followed the path of borrowing technologies and preserving national values. The pace of this process was quite fast, but since Eastern societies recognize the
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Javed, Ghazala, Ritu Priya, and Deepa V. K. "Protection of Traditional Health Knowledge: International Negotiations, National Priorities and Knowledge Commons." Society and Culture in South Asia 6, no. 1 (2020): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861719883069.

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Traditional knowledge (TK) is under debate in the contemporary world for its inherent value and need for protection from ‘biopiracy’. International consensus is proving difficult on defining its scope and ambit of protection. Traditional health knowledge (THK) is a promising domain of TK which, due to its immense economic and commercial value, is prone to misappropriation. International provisions exist for protection and definitions of TK and related resources at various fora such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. Proposals to protection of TK under Intellectual Property Right regime
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Wang, Lei. "Protection and Tourism Utilization of Water Culture Heritage in China: A Commentary." Journal of Heritage Management 6, no. 1 (2021): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929621998113.

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Water culture heritages in China are numerous and diverse with unbalanced regional distribution. Due to natural and human factors, some of the water culture heritages are disappearing gradually. In view of this situation, it is urgent for relevant government departments to strengthen supervision of these sites and increase investment, take measures to promote their effective protection, and encourage tourism authorities to develop China’s water culture heritage according to local conditions. It is imperative to set up protection, collection and research institutions that can sustain the nation
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Hung, Nguyen, Tran Thu Hanh, and Tran Thi Tuyet Nhung. "The issue of human rights protection in international and Vietnamese criminal law." Multidisciplinary Reviews 7, no. 7 (2024): 2024135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024135.

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Human rights, regarded as fundamental and inalienable entitlements, are delineated and safeguarded through a combination of international legal frameworks and national laws. In this article, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms for preserving human rights within both the international legal context and the specific framework of Vietnamese criminal law. We also put forth a set of recommendations designed to augment the effectiveness of human rights protection. In practice, the preservation and realization of human rights can be a complex challenge, and there are instances where the
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Raaff, Emma, Nicole Rothwell, and Aidan Wynne. "Aligning South African Data and Cloud Policy with the PoPI Act." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 17, no. 1 (2022): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.17.1.19.

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On 1 April 2021, the South African government released the Draft National Data and Cloud Policy for public comment. This policy aims to support the digital economy in South Africa by implementing initiatives to augment the development of digital infrastructure and skills, with a specific focus on cloud computing. The adoption of the policy would help position the country as a data-driven economy. However, the implementation of such a policy is predicated on the existence of supporting digital infrastructure and aligned inter-departmental goals. Currently, there are many technological and legal
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Adaman, Fikret, and Murat Arsel. "The European Union and Turkey: Who Defines Environmental Progress?" International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 4 (2008): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743808081427.

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[European Union] EU environment policy aims to promote sustainable development and to protect the environment for present and future generations. It is based on preventive action, the polluter pays principle, fighting environmental damage at source, shared responsibility and the integration of environmental protection into other EU policies. The acquis comprises over 200 major legal acts covering horizontal legislation, water and air quality, waste management, nature protection, industrial pollution control and risk management, chemicals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs), noise, and fo
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Morris, Marilyn C. "Pediatric Participation in Non-Therapeutic Research." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 3 (2012): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00697.x.

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Pediatric participation in non-therapeutic research that poses greater than minimal risk has been the subject of considerable thought-provoking debate in the research ethics literature. While the need for more pediatric research has been called morally imperative, and concerted efforts have been made to increase pediatric medical research, the importance of protecting children from undue research risks remains paramount.United States research regulations are derived largely from the deliberations and report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behav
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Dzienis, Paweł. "Restrictions on property ownership in national parks due to nature protection - empirical approach." Nieruchomości@ II (March 31, 2023): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3138.

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Nature is an undeniable good that requires protection. The highest form of its protection is the national park. It does not arise and does not function in a vacuum, but in the modern dynamically developing world. Such an observation determines not only the imperative of the need to protect nature, but also the reconciliation of all related interests. The subject of the publication is an empirical analysis of the functioning of the national park institution. The article is a civil study of all national parks established in Poland. It is therefore a collection and presentation of basic data for
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Branco, Hélène. "Les relations entre le droit de l'urbanisme et le droit de l'environnement sur le littoral méditerranéen." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907654.

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Terre sauvage autrefois délaissée, le littoral méditerranéen est de nos jours un espace raréfié et saturé. Il est ainsi en proie à divers affrontements lorsque des droits aux aspirations différentes interviennent conjointement sur ce territoire exigu, tel le droit de l'urbanisme et le droit de l'environnement. En effet, leurs finalités d'intérêt général sont directement éloignées l'une de l'autre sur les espaces côtiers méditerranéens car si la première s'emploie à aménager, à transformer les sols urbains, la seconde se consacre à préserver, voire à restaurer l'environnement littoral. Dès lors
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Branco, Hélène. "Les relations entre le droit de l'urbanisme et le droit de l'environnement sur le littoral méditerranéen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0074.

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Terre sauvage autrefois délaissée, le littoral méditerranéen est de nos jours un espace raréfié et saturé. Il est ainsi en proie à divers affrontements lorsque des droits aux aspirations différentes interviennent conjointement sur ce territoire exigu, tel le droit de l’urbanisme et le droit de l’environnement. En effet, leurs finalités d’intérêt général sont directement éloignées l’une de l’autre sur les espaces côtiers méditerranéens car si la première s’emploie à aménager, à transformer les sols urbains, la seconde se consacre à préserver, voire à restaurer l’environnement littoral. Dès lors
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Books on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Woloch, Nancy. Roots of Protection: The National Consumers’ League and Progressive Reform. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691002590.003.0002.

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This chapter describes the context in which the Progressive campaign for protective laws arose, assessing reformers' rationales and the oppositions they faced. Passage of the 1893 Illinois law marked the start of the Progressive Era campaign for protective labor laws. Through law, reformers hoped to impose standards on factories and improve the lives of industrial workers. Resistance to laws that affected men—from courts, legislators, unions, and public opinion—made protective laws for women and children imperative; reformers hoped that they would provide precedents for more “general” laws. Th
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(US), National Research Council. Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation: The New Transportation Security Imperative (Special Report (National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board), 270.). National Academy Press, 2002.

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Charbonneau, Oliver. Civilizational Imperatives. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750724.001.0001.

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This book reveals the little-known history of the United States' colonization of the Philippines' Muslim South in the early twentieth century. Often referred to as Moroland, the Sulu Archipelago and the island of Mindanao were sites of intense US engagement and laboratories of colonial modernity during an age of global imperialism. Exploring the complex relationship between colonizer and colonized from the late nineteenth century until the eve of the Second World War, the book argues that American power in the Islamic Philippines rested upon a transformative vision of colonial rule. Civilizati
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Uttley, Matthew. Arms Procurement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0040.

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Since 1990, the European states have confronted tensions in balancing security of supply imperatives and equipment affordability constraints in procuring advanced weapons systems. Security of supply is equated with the retention of a national defence technological and industrial base (DTIB). Correspondingly, intergenerational cost increases in weapons production have progressively eroded the affordability of maintaining autonomous DTIBs, leading to the internationalization of what were formerly considered ‘national’ defence firms. This chapter challenges the argument of some analysts that thes
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Book chapters on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Consterdine, Erica. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for UK Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_27.

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AbstractDespite having one of the largest diaspora in the world, the United Kingdom peculiarly has no diaspora engagement policy to speak of. Policy, not legal right, underpins consular affairs and social protection policies are extremely limited. Such absence stems from a lack of distinctive British national identity in large part due to the UK being multi-national state, a heterogonous and typically prosperous diaspora driven by lifestyle migration, and in turn the assumption that Britons living abroad do not want or need to engage with the homeland state. Policy towards Britons residing abroad is characterised by limited engagement but effective communication leading to a disengaged state that keeps the dialogue open. Whilst social protection policies are rudimentary, the state is a world leader in providing online information in preparing British emigrants for living overseas. Voting rights of overseas citizens (namely the 15 year residency requirement) has and will continue to be a contentious issue following Brexit − and one subject to change − as has pension inflation adjustment. As the effects of Brexit on Britons residing abroad come to fruition, the politics of social protection and the rights of Britons residing abroad will be an imperative issue on the political agenda.
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Semenyshyn, Mykola, Dmytro Shvets, and Zoriana Kisil. "Theories of leadership: personnel work as a mechanism for the protection of rights and freedoms in the activities of law enforcement officers." In Quality parameters of higher education officers of the National Police in the conditions of imperative human-scale values. PRIVAT COMPANY TECHNOLOGY CENTER, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-67-1.ch3.

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Kameri-Mbote, Patricia. "Persistent Organic Pollutants and Soil Protection: National and Global Imperatives." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2019. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52317-6_3.

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Tibbels, Natalie J., Abdul Dosso, Amata Kwizera, et al. "Identifying Novel COVID-19 Rumours Through a Multi-channel Approach." In Communicating COVID-19. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41237-0_18.

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AbstractDuring a health emergency like COVID-19, rumours impacting health prevention behaviors can rapidly emerge and take root, ebbing and flowing over the course of the emergency. A rumour is an act of communication containing unverified information and can be an event (a case, a death, an outbreak) or a belief (misinformation or disinformation). Rumours are powerful because they resonate with individuals—they can help a community make sense of painful circumstances and regain a sense of control. But they can also create barriers to protective behaviors and undermine the public health response. Identifying novel rumours is imperative for strong risk communication and community engagement. There are a variety of approaches to rumour identification that can be maintained during a preparedness phase and rapidly scaled during an emergency. These approaches must be tailored to the local context and take into account social media penetration, trusted influencers, and existing infrastructure. This chapter provides an overview of a rumour identification and analysis process, and offers two case studies from the COVID-19 pandemic: working with community-based informants and social media in Côte d’Ivoire, and partnering with a national hotline in Mozambique. In each case, we will describe how themes emerging from the rumour-tracking system informed the national COVID-19 response.
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E. Canfield Jr, Daniel, Mina Kiani, Olga Tammeorg, Priit Tammeorg, and Timothy J. Canfield. "Put the Land Back on the Land: A National Imperative." In Sediment Transport Research - Further Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004908.

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The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (RHA1899), the Soil Conservation Act of 1935 (SCA1935), and the Clean Water Act (CWA1972) were pivotal in managing United States (US) waters. RHA1899 provided the Army Corps of Engineers authority to regulate dredge and fill operations. SCA1935 authorized the US Department of Agriculture to combat soil erosion. CWA1972 empowered the US Environmental Protection Agency to regulate point-source pollution. The implementation of the European Soil Charter of 1972 and the 2000 European Water Framework Directive empowered Europe to address similar soil erosion and water quality problems. By 2022, improvements in erosion losses were obtained with soil conservation programs, but continued losses of organic topsoil threatened soil health, human welfare, and water ecosystems. Worldwide losses, estimated at 24 billion tonnes per year, include US and European losses of ~3 billion and 970 million tonnes per year, respectively. Approximately 60% of eroded materials are delivered to rivers and lakes threatening waters. Dredged freshwater sediments, however, have beneficial uses including restoring health of agricultural and forestry lands and water resources. National initiatives involving defense, agriculture, and environmental governmental units are proposed for recycling organic, nutrient-rich aquatic sediments in world-wide Put the Land Back on the Land programs.
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Rogers, Thomas D. "The Unnecessary Destruction of Our Rivers." In Agriculture's Energy. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469670454.003.0006.

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The fifth chapter addresses environmental problems associated with sugar and alcohol production and the acute pollution associated with Proálcool. The rapid expansion in production generated massive quantities of wastewater, attracting public attention and action. Proálcool played a role in generating a popular response and, eventually, a political one. National and international environmental politics informed the debates and by the middle of the 1980s, federal environmental policies took more decisive steps to contain alcohol pollution. Like in the US, Brazil’s environmental movement went from public activism about local-level concerns to broader ones, and movements in civil society worked dialectically with state action. State-level responses to pollution pressures became more aggressive and eventually national-level changes emerged from those. The military regime’s active opposition to environmental regulation shifted across the 1970s and by the 1980s it had passed comprehensive national legislation. The shifts in environmental politics, domestically and internationally, resulted in a near-consensus by the 1980s of the imperative of environmental protection.
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Rao, Ursula. "Re-Spatializing Social Security in India." In Spaces of Security. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479863013.003.0011.

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This chapter analyzes the changing logic and logistics of welfare security in the biometric governance era. Power is exercised spatially, and in modern nation-states it follows a model Gupta and Ferguson call “vertical encompassment”. Citizens are cared for by institutions that communicate hierarchically. Information about needs travels upwards, from district and state to national statistics, and eventually it informs decisions at central government offices, where funds are disbursed downwards through the hierarchical channels of the welfare state. The system requires permanently settled citizens. Therefore, it works badly for itinerant citizens who travel seasonally for work. Biometric governance promises to improve the system by rendering data mobile and thus permitting citizens to identify and collect welfare anywhere. Using the case study of India’s biometric National Health Insurance (RSBY), the chapter examines an emerging securityscape that creatively combines old and new ways of managing welfare distribution. While doing so, it confronts all participants with the difficulty of combining the protection of the integrity of state structures with the imperative to care for citizens and ensure survival. Regardless the technology, securitization of the state undermines the goal of inclusiveness challenging policy makers to either abandon their welfare aspirations or relax surveillance.
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Okowa, Phoebe. "Act of State and Diplomatic Protection in the Modern Constitution." In Global Canons in an Age of Contestation. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191956942.003.0029.

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Abstract This chapter seeks to elaborate on two national decisions that have a credible claim to canonical status in constitutional adjudication: Kaunda v. Republic of South Africa and Belhaj v. Straw. They are respectively concerned with diplomatic protection and act of state, two concepts that originated in the heyday of absolute sovereigns, but which have been reinterpreted in light of contemporary demands of the rule of law and the separation of powers. These cases depart fundamentally from older cases and encapsulate a distinct rupture in the jurisprudence by subjecting both diplomatic protection and act of state to modern constitutional limitations and the demands of fundamental rights in a democracy. They reconstruct and delimit the impact of the separation of powers, human rights treaties, and constitutional guarantees in bills of rights on the interpretation of concepts that were formulated in another historical period. A central concern in the judgments is the extent to which their interpretation has been influenced by the increased public sensitivity to human rights norms, jus cogens principles, and the rule of law. Diplomatic protection and act of state were historically regarded as reflecting the prerogatives of states, and courts were generally expected to exercise restraint where they were operative. The cases illustrate how modern developments in international law have circumscribed their sphere of operation and that courts are increasingly wary of accepting judicial restraint where individual rights are at play or where such restraint is difficult to reconcile with access to justice as a constitutional imperative.
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Ibor, Bassey. "Financial inclusion and financial literacy." In Financial Literacy in Today´s Global Market [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003855.

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Finance is, unarguably, an integral part of everyday life and living. Therefore, financial literacy is an essential life skill. Little wonder, therefore, it is widely flag high on the economic policy agenda of emerging economies, globally. This imperative is buoyed by unrelenting growth and sophistication of financial services offerings, mobile demographics, as well as global pursuit of policies that expand and strengthen national welfare systems. Financial literacy is a sine qua non for financial inclusion. Financially disadvantaged and vulnerable segments of the society are enabled to actively contribute to national development through the protection, from social and economic shocks, offered by financial inclusion. Most vulnerable is the sizable rural population with limited access to conventional financial institutions or services in most countries of the world. Financial inclusion (FI) is the process of ensuring access by this segment of society to appropriate financial products and services at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner. This chapter looks at the concept and significance of financial literacy, its derivative, financial inclusion, and how both interplay in deepening inclusive economic development.
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Harrington, Alexandra R., and Konstantia Koutouki. "Biodiversity and Conservation: Cross-Border Legal and Regulatory Perspectives." In New Vistas in Natural Resources Law. The Grassroots Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/enrlaw-09/c2.

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This chapter provides an overview of the legal and policy frameworks for the protection of threatened and vulnerable wildlife on private lands in Canada and the United States, the approaches adopted in different jurisdictions and the response of key constituencies, and formulates recommendations based on these experiences. Canada and the United States serve as an important source of comparison in terms of biodiversity protection mechanisms for several reasons, ranging from geography and legal systems protections to shared economic concerns and development. Additionally, the shared fundamental dichotomy between governance at the national/federal level and the provincial/state level is a key area of comparison since there are many overlaps in these elements of governance across systems. At the same time, these relationships are governed subject to different forms of legal imperatives given the nature of articulated national and subnational powers and roles in Canadian law and the Constitution of the United States. Since both systems give primacy of place in law and regulation related to biodiversity and associated resources to the national/federal level, any comparisons must start at this level.
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Conference papers on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Camelia, Slave, and Man Carmen Mihaela. "Water – Renewable and Protected Natural Resource." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.321.

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Water is a “renewable, vulnerable and limited natural resource, an indispensable element for life and society, raw material for productive activities, energy source and transport, decisive in maintaining the ecologi­cal balance.” But is water, really, an inexhaustible and permanently renew­able element? This is the question that can only be answered by implement­ing all methods, levers, domestic and international efforts aimed at protect­ing water and maintaining its natural and permanent circuit in nature. As water is a natural resource with great economic value in all its forms of use, conse
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Simović, Miodrag N., and Jelena Kuprešanin. "PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA- MIGRATION MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN SOCIETY RECOVERING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22444.

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Migration management, among others, is one of the challenges Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Western Balkan countries have faced in recent years. The uncertain and complex situation has been exacerbated by the corona virus pandemic, and existing material and human resources are now focused on repairing its consequences. The end of the pandemic remains uncertain, social problems are becoming more complex, and systemic support is needed for a growing number of different vulnerable categories in the country. The protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms is imperative, especially in times
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Tudor, Sofia-Loredana. "Study on the Training Needs of Teaching Staff to Provide Quality Early Childhood Education Services." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/36.

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Early child development is related to early education, health, nutrition, and psychosocial development; therefore, the holistic concept of early approach combines elements from the area of stimulation of the child, health, nutrition, speech therapy, psychological counselling, physical development support, etc. The need for the development of integrated early education services and their extension to the area of 0-3 years are priorities of the European strategies assumed through a complex of educational policy measures, having as a priority the development of quality early education services fo
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Weixiang, Cui, and Wang Chunpeng. "Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) in Tight Oil Reservoir." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216110-ms.

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Abstract Low-carbon and green oil development has become the future strategy for numerous oil companies. It is crucial to implement this strategy proactively, focusing on optimizing the industrial and energy structures. The clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy represents the most practical approach for energy and chemical companies to achieve green and low-carbon development, while also addressing climate change. In recent years, many oil companies have been committed to a philosophy of ‘developing resources while protecting the environment, and protecting the envir
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Chukwu, Engr Emeke, and Chinyere Offor. "Sustainable Host Community Development – An Enabler for Energy security & Economic development in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217142-ms.

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Abstract Till date, Nigeria is heavily dependent on revenue generated from oil and gas to finance its annual budget to provide public goods and services beneficial to its citizenry. The 2022 budget reflects that 31% of Federal government earnings will be result from oil and gas. Despite the push to diversify her economy, the stark reality remains that oil and gas sales is an influential factor to enabling economic development in Nigeria. More so, countries such as Saudi Arabia and Norway have utilized oil and gas wealth as the basis to invest in other sectors and promote diversification. Howev
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Reports on the topic "National protection imperative"

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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.

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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations S
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