Relevant bibliographies by topics / National Railroad Adjustment Board

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Academic literature on the topic 'National Railroad Adjustment Board'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "National Railroad Adjustment Board"

1

Lazar, Joseph. "A note on tension reduction in the national railroad adjustment board system." Behavioral Science 7, no. 4 (January 17, 2007): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830070407.

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Cullen, Donald E., and Charles Rehmus. "The National Mediation Board at 50: Its Impact on Railroad and Airline Labor Disputes." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41, no. 1 (October 1987): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523878.

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Raj, Phani K., and Edward W. Pritchard. "Hazardous Materials Transportation on U.S. Railroads: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Decision Making in Development of Regulations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1707, no. 1 (January 2000): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1707-03.

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The Office of Safety of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is responsible for ensuring public and personnel safety in U.S. railroad operations. This office ensures the safe rail transportation of hazardous materials by conducting inspections of railroad operations and equipment, including tank cars, and developing safety-related regulations. In the past few years, the Office of Safety has been using risk analysis as a tool in making rational regulatory decisions on hazardous materials transportation in tank cars. A risk analysis protocol developed by FRA is described to evaluate the risks to the U.S. population arising from the transportation of different types of chemicals in tank cars on the U.S. railroad system. Following several recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board requiring the shipment of several hazardous chemicals in highly protected, pressure-rated tank cars rather than in the minimum packaging authorized by the Code of Federal Regulations, a risk-based evaluation was made on the effect of implementing these recommendations on the overall risk reduction. The risk results were presented in the parameters of Military Standard 882-B. Policy decisions were made based on the results.
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Cullen, Donald E. "Book Review: Labor and Employment Law: The National Mediation Board at 50: Its Impact on Railroad and Airline Labor Disputes." ILR Review 41, no. 1 (October 1987): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704100119.

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Waters, Clay. "Monitoring the Movies: The Fight Over Film Censorship in Early Twentieth-Century Urban America by Meridith Broussard." Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy 3, no. 2-3 (January 15, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v3i2-3.6777.

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The chapters are arranged chronologically, retracing the national fight over film content, as various taboo subjects like abortion, white slavery, and racial intermarriage were addressed (or exploited) within the emerging medium. Similar ground was covered by Lee Grieveson in Policing Cinema: Movies and Censorship in Early-Twentieth-Century America (2004), the subject of a lengthy note in Monitoring the Movies. But Fronc’s work is bolstered by voluminous correspondence from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, and the 40 pages of notes (in addition to an appendix, bibliography, and index) signal a comprehensive appraisal of this facet of the Progressive era. Along the way, there are a few light anecdotes, including one involving a melodramatic film about a railroad strike that featured a scene of a burning trestle, a special effect that meant the film’s costs ran into “many hundreds of dollars” (40).
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Grisinger, Joanna. "Law in Action: The Attorney General's Committee on Administrative Procedure." Journal of Policy History 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 379–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.0.0020.

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The story of American political development in the twentieth century is in no small part the story of administration. Administrative agencies, bureaus, and departments tasked with handling the work of the federal government had been a feature of governance since the early republic. With the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, however, administrative agencies and independent regulatory commissions began to proliferate across the federal landscape. By the end of the massive expansion of federal power that characterized the New Deal, Americans very much experienced government through their interactions with bureaucrats and with administrative boards. Individuals and businesses claimed benefits from the Railroad Retirement Board and Veterans Administration, defended themselves against claims of unfair competition before the Federal Trade Commission, requested permits from the Federal Alcohol Administration and the Federal Communications Commission, and sought to resolve labor disputes before the National Labor Relations Board.
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Klose, Marianne, Kirstine Stochholm, Jurgita Janukonyté, Louise Lehman Christensen, Arieh S. Cohen, Aase Wagner, Peter Laurberg, Jens Sandahl Christiansen, Marianne Andersen, and Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen. "Patient reported outcome in posttraumatic pituitary deficiency: results from The Danish National Study on posttraumatic hypopituitarism." European Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 6 (June 2015): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-1069.

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ObjectivePosttraumatic pituitary hormone deficiency is often suggested. The impact of these predominantly mild and often irreproducible deficiencies on outcome is less clear. The aim of the present study was to describe patient reported outcome in a nationala prioriunselected cohort of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to deficiencies identified upon pituitary assessment.Design and methodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study. Participants were Danish patients with a head trauma diagnosis recorded in the Danish Board of Health diagnostic code registry; 439 patients (and 124 healthy controls) underwent assessment of anterior pituitary function 2.5 years (median) after TBI. Questionnaires on health-related quality of life (QoL) (SF36, EuroQoL-5D, QoL assessment of GH deficiency in adults) and fatigue (MFI-20) were completed in parallel to pituitary assessment.ResultsPatients with TBI had significant detriments in QoL. Impairment (mainly physical scales) related to pituitary deficiency, although only partially confirmed after adjustment for demographic differences. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism related to several QoL scores. Increasing impairments were observed with declining total testosterone concentrations (men), but not free testosterone concentrations or any other hormone concentrations. Total testosterone was not independently related to impaired QoL and fatigue, after adjustment for demographics, and treatment with antidiabetics, opioids, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.ConclusionsOnly a very limited relationship between pituitary hormone deficiencies and QoL/fatigue was demonstrated. Due to the dominating influence of concurrent comorbidities, pituitary deficiencies were not independently related to QoL/fatigue. Causality is still to be shown, and whether substitution therapy could be of additional relevance in selected patients needs to be proven.
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McGillen, Gloria G., Leticia D. Martinez, Colleen L. Eddy, J. Robina Onwong’a, Alexis Rhames, and Chan Jeong Park. "Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS) 2020 Report: Transitioning to Leadership in a Historic Year." Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 8 (October 12, 2020): 1131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020964189.

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The University of Missouri–Columbia was selected to host the Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS) Executive Board from 2019–2022 and began their term in August 2019, following a successful three-year tenure by Ball State University. The new executive board has anchored its term in four pillars—Growth and Sustainability, Justice and Equity, Excellence and Innovation, and Wellness and Positive Development—which have guided the organization over the past year. This report reviews the purpose of SAS and discusses membership development, programming, advocacy, and the organizational development activities of the organization, including progress on goals to increase and engage membership and foster a more equitable and socially just organization that embraces liberation as a value. Counseling psychology students’ and the organization’s response and adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic and national reckoning with police brutality and anti-Black racism are also discussed.
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Narin van Court, Wade A., Michael S. Hildebrand, and Gregory G. Noll. "WHAT RECENT HHFT DERAILMENT FIRES TELL US." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2078–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2078.

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ABSTRACT ID: 2017-145. In July 2016, TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC) and Hildebrand and Noll Associates, Inc. (HNA) were requested to develop planning guidance on train derailments involving large volumes/high concentrations of denatured ethanol for the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency (MEMA). As part of this project, as well as similar projects conducted by HNA for other clients, TRC and HNA assessed current firefighting strategies for the release of ethanol and/or crude oil from High Hazard Flammable Trains (HHFT) and developed the planning assumptions necessary to prepare for these types of incidents. For these projects, studies and in-depth analyses of 27 HHFT derailments resulting in tank cars breaches that occurred in the United States and Canada involving denatured ethanol1 (ethanol) and/or crude oil2 from 2006 through 2015 were performed. The analyses were primarily based on the information from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), and/or Transport Canada (TC) databases, with supplemental information from news reports in some cases. The objective of these analyses was to identify key planning assumptions that would be used in developing appropriate firefighting strategies by focusing on the number and types of cars derailed, approximate train speeds at the time of the derailment, number of cars breached, amount of product released, and whether or not the released product caught fire. Additionally, the studies included obtaining and reviewing information on the properties and characteristics of ethanol, crude oils, and other Class 3 flammable materials, as well as information for railroad tank cars. Insights and understandings gained from these studies were used to further develop the firefighting strategies for HHFT derailment fires.
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Moe, Terry M. "Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB." American Political Science Review 79, no. 4 (December 1985): 1094–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956250.

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This article presents an empirical analysis of the National Labor Relations Board, focusing on the balance the agency strikes between the interests of business and labor. It is oriented by a theoretical framework that, relative to popular models, takes a broader view of the causal structure of regulatory performance—one that simultaneously allows for presidents, congressional committees, the courts, agency staff, constituents, and economic conditions. The empirical results are instructive. All of these factors prove to have significant impacts on NLRB decisions. In addition, the core regulatory actors —Board members, staff, and constituents—are shown to engage in mutually adaptive adjustment: each is responsive to the decisions of each of the others, and their reciprocal relationships impart equilibrating properties to the system as a whole. Thus, the evidence points to a varied set of important determinants and to the dynamic nature of their interconnection. To the extent that these findings are at all characteristic of other regulatory agencies, simple popular models of regulation are likely to give anemic explanations, if not highly distorted accounts, of why agencies behave as they do.
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Books on the topic "National Railroad Adjustment Board"

1

United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Head-on collision of CSX Transportation freight trains Extra 4443 North and Extra 4309 South, East Concord, New York, February 6, 1987: National Transportation Safety Board. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1988.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Head-on collision of CSX Transportation freight trains Extra 4443 North and Extra 4309 South, East Concord, New York, February 6, 1987: National Transportation Safety Board. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1988.

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Subcommittee, United States Congress House Committee on Government Operations Legislation and National Security. Railroad Retirement Board's vulnerability to fraud and abuse: Hearing before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, September 12, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Infrastructure, United States Congress House Committee on Transportation and. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1999: Report (to accompany H.R. 2681) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Infrastructure, United States Congress House Committee on Transportation and. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1999: Report (to accompany H.R. 2681) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Infrastructure, United States Congress House Committee on Transportation and. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1999: Report (to accompany H.R. 2681) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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The federal role in national rail policy: Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, September 15, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Infrastructure, United States Congress House Committee on Transportation and. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 2003: Report (to accompany H.R. 874) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 2003: Report (to accompany H.R. 874) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Rail Passenger Disaster Family Assistance Act of 2003: Report (to accompany H.R. 874) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Conference papers on the topic "National Railroad Adjustment Board"

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Williams, Trefor, John Betak, and Bridgette Findley. "Text Mining Analysis of Railroad Accident Investigation Reports." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5757.

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The National Transportation Safety Board in the United States and the Transportation Safety Board of Canada publish reports about major railroad accidents. The text from these accident reports were analyzed using the text mining techniques of probabilistic topic modeling and k-means clustering to identify the recurring themes in major railroad accidents. The output from these analyses indicates that the railroad accidents can be successfully grouped into different topics. The output also suggests that recurring accident types are track defects, wheel defects, grade crossing accidents, and switching accidents. A major difference between the Canadian and U.S. reports is the finding that accidents related to bridges are found to be more prominent in the Canadian reports.
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Garcia, Gregory, Ward D. Rummel, Francisco Gonzalez, and Lawrence H. Strouse. "Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation of Railroad Tank Cars." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56019.

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A rulemaking issued by the Department of Transportation (DOT) revises Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) to replace the hydrostatic pressure test with appropriate nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. The rule change is contained in Federal Register 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 180.509, “Requirements for inspection and test of specification tank cars,” paragraph (e) “Structural integrity inspection tests” [1]. The CFR authorizes liquid penetrant (PT), magnetic particle (MT), radiography (RT), ultrasonic (UT), and optically aided visual testing (VT) as allowable NDE methods for structural integrity inspections and tests. Other NDE methods may be allowed under special exemption issued by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Safety. Also included under the requirements of 49 CFR Part 179.7 is the need to qualify not only NDE personnel, but the procedures used to perform NDE reliably. In order to be effective, federal regulations require that the NDE methods have a proven sensitivity and reliability for finding the type and size of flaws likely to cause a tank car failure. In the early 1970s, an internationally accepted quantitative approach that assesses the probability of detection (POD) was developed for the National Aeronautics and Space Association (NASA) and was published in NASA CR-2369, February 1974 [2]. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), under contract with the FRA, and along with industry participation, uses the NASA approach to determine the POD for various NDE methods used in the inspection of railroad tank car circumferential butt welds (girth seam welds), fillet welds, and leak test samples. The emergence of a damage tolerance approach to determine inspection intervals for an engineered structure — in this case a railroad tank car — requires the quantification of the detectable flaw size for the NDE methods used during inspection. Damage tolerance techniques have initiated an evolution in NDE understanding, methods, and requirements. National Transportation Safety Board safety recommendations R-92-21 through R-92-24 address the suggested process of performing reliable inspection of railroad tank cars based on a damage tolerance approach [3]. NDE quantification using the POD approach is a key measure of NDE effectiveness and is integral to damage tolerance requirements. TTCI, working with the FRA, Railroad Tank Car Industry and D&W Enterprises (A NDE consulting company providing expertise in the area of NDE POD), has developed baseline POD curves for the allowed NDE methods. Initial evaluations were performed on the inspection of tank car circumferential butt welds. Subsequent efforts focused on butt welds, longitudinal fillet welds and leak test samples requiring inspection under the CFR. This paper reports quantitative results obtained during this research effort that address system safety and risk analysis during handling and transportation of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials.
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Bajwa, Christopher S. "An Analysis of a Spent Fuel Transportation Cask Under Severe Fire Accident Conditions." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1606.

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Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 71 section 73(c)(4), (10 CFR 71.73(c)(4)) requires that transportation packages used to ship radioactive material must be designed to resist an engulfing fire of a 30 minute duration and prevent release of radioactive material to the environment. In July, 2001, a derailed train carrying hazardous materials caught fire in a railroad tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland, and burned for several days. Although the occurrence of a fire of such duration during the shipment of spent nuclear fuel is unlikely, questions were raised about the performance of spent nuclear fuel casks under conditions similar to those experienced in the Baltimore tunnel fire incident. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission evaluates the performance of spent fuel transportation casks under accident conditions. The National Transportation Safety Board is responsible for investigating railroad accidents and identifying the probable cause(s) and offers recommendations for safety improvements. They are currently investigating the Baltimore tunnel fire accident. This paper assesses the performance of a spent fuel transportation cask with a welded canister under severe fire conditions. The paper describes the analytic model used for the assessment and presents a discussion of the preliminary results.
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Schlesinger, Dave. "Case Studies of PTC-Preventable Accidents." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5838.

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A 1969 collision of two Penn Central train resulted in four fatalities and forty-five injuries. This accident could have been prevented, had some type of train control system been in place. After this accident, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) asked the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to study the feasibility of requiring railroads to install some type of automatic train control system that would prevent human-factor caused accidents. Over the next almost four decades, a number of additional accidents occurred, culminating in the January, 2005 Graniteville Norfolk-Southern accident and the September, 2008 Metrolink Chatsworth accident. A little more than one month after the Metrolink accident, Congress passed the Rail Safety Improvement Act, which requires Positive Train Control (PTC). To better explain the positive train control requirements, this paper traces each to a detailed case study. Four different accidents are studied, each being an example of one of the four, core positive train control requirements. Included in the case study is a discussion about how positive train control would have prevented the accident, had it been present. This provides positive train control implementers and other railroad professionals with a better understanding of the factors that have caused or contributed to the cause of the positive train control preventable accidents studied.
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Bajwa, Christopher S. "Analysis of the Impact of a Tunnel Fire Environment on a Spent Nuclear Fuel Transportation Cask." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2147.

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On July 18, 2001, a train carrying hazardous materials derailed and caught fire in the Howard Street railroad tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland. Due to this accident, questions were raised about the performance of spent nuclear fuel transportation casks under severe fire conditions, similar to those experienced in the Baltimore tunnel fire. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) evaluates the performance of spent fuel transportation casks under accident conditions. Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 71 section 73(c)(4), (10 CFR 71.73(c)(4)) requires that transportation packages used to ship radioactive material must be designed to resist an engulfing fire of a 30 minute duration and prevent release of radioactive material to the environment. The staff of the NRC, in cooperation with the National Transportation Safety Board, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Pacific Northwest National Labs and the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analysis, have undertaken an analysis to determine the thermal conditions present in the Howard Street tunnel fire, as well as analyze the effects that such a fire would have on a spent fuel transportation cask. This paper describes the analytic models used in the assessment and presents a discussion of the results.
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Easton, Earl P., Christopher S. Bajwa, and Robert Lewis. "Performance of Spent Fuel Transportation Casks in Severe Tunnel Fires." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15683.

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As part of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) overall review of the performance of transportation casks under severe accident conditions, the NRC has undertaken a number of initiatives, including the Package Performance Study (PPS), described in USNRC Package Performance Study Test Protocols, NUREG-1768, which will test full size transportation casks in a severe accident, as well as an examination of the Baltimore tunnel fire of 2001. The final PPS test plan is currently under development by the NRC's Office of Research. The NRC, working with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), performed analyses to predict the response of three different spent fuel transportation cask designs when exposed to a fire similar to that which occurred in the Howard Street railroad tunnel in downtown Baltimore, Maryland on July 18, 2001. NRC Staff evaluated the potential for a release of radioactive material from each of the three transportation casks analyzed for the Baltimore tunnel fire scenario. The results of these analyses are described in detail in Spent Fuel Transportation Package Response to the Baltimore Tunnel Fire Scenario, NUREG/CR-6886, published in draft for comment in November 2005.
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Zhang, Zhipeng, Xiang Liu, and Zheyong Bian. "Analysis of Restricted-Speed Accidents Using Fault Tree Analysis." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6130.

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Restricted speed is the speed that permits stopping within one-half the range of vision, normally not exceeding 20 miles per hour. The occurrences of some severe accidents at restricted speeds have highlighted the importance of safety improvements in restricted-speed operations. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has identified restricted-speed violations as a common rule compliance problem. Nevertheless, little prior research has been conducted on the analysis of train operations and safety risk under restricted speeds. This paper used Fault Tree Analysis to explore scenarios for restricted-speed operations to identify failure paths that lead to train accidents. Understanding restricted-speed train accident causal chains and corresponding structural representations of relevant contributory precursors can contribute to more accurate estimation of restricted-speed risk. Four recent restricted-speed accidents were studied based on the information from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and FRA. This study may serve as a reference leading to the further development of quantitative risk assessment and the evaluation of risk mitigation strategies for restricted-speed operations.
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Schlesinger, Dave. "Analysis of Roadway Worker Injuries and Fatalities at FRA and FTA-Regulated Railroads." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3822.

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Roadway workers perform a key role in keeping the nation’s freight, passenger, and transit rail systems operating safely and efficiently. These individuals perform a variety of critical maintenance, repairs, and inspection on all aspects of the rail system. Despite a renewed effort by the rail industry, fatalities and injuries to roadway workers continue to occur across the nation’s freight, passenger, and transit rail systems. The causes of these accidents are all human factor related, especially in the area of adherence to rules and procedures. Other factors include rules compliance and organizational issues. At the same time, there is no unified and cohesive source from which railroads and other concerned organizations can gain a perspective of roadway worker safety issues. Using accident reports and information available primarily from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as well as the FRA and FTA, and the railroad industry, research was conducted, with a focus on the probable causes and contributing factors. Research was also conducted on the various industry efforts, both public and private, to curb these fatalities and injuries. One of these efforts has been to develop a roadway worker warning system, to notify employees of an approaching train. Those railroads who have implemented this solution have reported positive results; however, this technology has not been widely accepted. This may be, in part, due to major capital requirements, such as Positive Train Control, which limits funding for other programs. Training best practices are also outlined, with the goal of ensuring that roadway workers understand the risks they face while working on the railroad. Strategies are presented to ensure that training is conducted following best practices, including key case studies whose real life examples help trainees understand the criticality of following the rules and procedures each and every time they work on the system.
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Eshraghi, Shaun, Michael Carolan, and A. Benjamin Perlman. "Side Structure Integrity Research for Passenger Rail Equipment." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87700.

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The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) began promulgating regulations for the structural crashworthiness of passenger rail equipment at 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 238 on May 12, 1999. These Passenger Equipment Safety Standards (PESS) [1] include requirements affecting the designs of sidewall structures on passenger rail equipment. The FRA’s Office of Research, Development and Technology and the DOT’s Volpe National Transportation Systems Center are conducting research to evaluate the side impact strength of Tier I passenger rail equipment designs that have been constructed according to the current side structure regulations in §238.215 and §238.217. Following a fatal 2011 accident in which a highway semitrailer truck impacted the side of a passenger train that was transiting a grade crossing in Miriam, NV, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) recommended that the FRA “develop side impact crashworthiness standards (including performance validation) for passenger railcars that provide a measurable improvement compared to the current regulation for minimizing encroachment to and loss of railcar occupant survival space” [2]. This paper describes the status of the current FRA research related to side structure integrity and describes the planned next stage of the research program which will include analyzing the performance of generalized passenger railcar structures in side impact collision scenarios. A discussion of the technical challenges associated with analyzing side impacts on passenger rail equipment is also presented.
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Fang, Ziwen, Yanping Zhang, Caihui Zheng, Xintian Wang, Ming Cheng, Haifeng Zhang, and Haifeng Hong. "Braking Safety Design and Analysis for Railway Vehicles." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24673.

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Abstract Brake is a safety critical system for railway vehicles and brake failures have caused many catastrophic accidents in the history. Detailed accident investigation reports are available and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) also makes safety recommendations to Federal Railroad Administration and the industry. However, there is limited research on how to improve the brake safety from the perspective of design, system integration and safety analysis. In this paper, a framework for braking safety design and analysis is introduced, which includes four parts: failure alarming system, safety design, safety analysis and preventative maintenance. For failure alarming, according to the severity level, the failures will be notified to the operator, to Operation Control Center (OCC) or saved for the maintainer. For safety design, redundant design for fail-safe feature, automatic braking, brake release, weight control, ergonomics design for easy operation and maintenance are discussed and several application examples are illustrated. In the safety analysis section, Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) as a semi-quantitative analysis, Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) as a bottom-up method and Fault Tree Analysis as a top-down method are used. The hazards details, system assurance actions and closure references are recorded in the Hazard Tracking Log (HTL) to ensure all the safety related items are well tracked and documented. Preventative Maintenance (PM) which is regularly performed on the brake components to lessen the likelihood of failing is also discussed in combination with the reliability prediction and safety analysis for a balance of safety and economy. The safety design framework and principles introduced in this paper can also be applied into other railway systems, such as Propulsion, Signaling, Doors, etc. and may provide insights to similar industries such as automotive, energy and so on.
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