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Fry, Tom. "Representing 'the people' : the national discourse in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3770.
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Muronda, Yeukai. "Social security and the national orphan care policy in Zimbabwe: challenges from the child headed household." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/564.
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This study focused on the policy responses formulated by the government of Zimbabwe and their implementation to meet the social needs of the people with special emphasis on the Zimbabwe National Orphan Care Policy (ZNOCP) of 1999. The challenges this policy is facing from the newly evolving structure of the child headed households was the centre of this study. At independence, the government adopted the incremental approach to policy making and extended formal social policy to the previously marginalized black majority. The ZNOCP was introduced in 1999 during the second phase of ESAP. The same period saw the spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemic. HIV and AIDS led to an increase in the number of orphans some of whom ended up in CHH without adult supervision. The day to day challenges of this group of orphans was investigated in Masvingo rural district. For this study both the qualitative and quantitative methodology paradigms were used. Secondary sources such as journal articles, published books and computer databases helped in complementing the field work. Four sets of questionnaires were administered to four groups of people which were the heads of CHH, extended families, community leadership and government officials. The analysis of this study led to the following conclusions about social policy and the plight of children in CHH. Firstly, that social policy has failed in Zimbabwe due to the incremental approach to policy making which was taken by the government because of its nature of being reformist as opposed to being transformative. Secondly, that the xiii ZNOCP is not being properly implemented therefore it does not have any impact on the lives of children in CHH. These children are struggling for basic social services like food and nutrition, clothing, education health, shelter and birth registration. Thirdly, the extended families and the community have been weakened by HIV and AIDS and impoverished by ESAP such that they cannot take care of their own families, let alone their deceased relatives‟ orphaned children as stipulated by the ZNOCP. Finally, the passive role being taken by the government in the care and protection of the children in CHH is detrimental to their welfare. The comparative case study of the Slangspruit informal settlement in South Africa shows that challenges faced by orphans are common. This study therefore recommends that there is need for the review of the ZNOCP. The new policy should come up with child care strategies which take into cognizance the evolutionary nature of the community. A human rights based approach ought to be the basis of child protection interventions in Zimbabwe. The study recommends that all stakeholders from the government down to the community need to fully participate in their various capacities in child care and protection. Resources in terms of finance and human resources should be made available and channeled to the intended beneficiaries. There is also need for capacity building in the communities and to intensify HIV and AIDS prevention, mitigation, care and treatment interventions to reduce the prevalence of orphans.
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Chimange, Mizeck. "Implementation of the Zimbabwe National Orphan Care Policy: implications of partnership between government and civil society." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007188.
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The study focused on the exploration of the implication of partnership between the government and civil society organizations in the implementation of the Zimbabwe National Orphan Care Policy (ZNOCP). The study was carried out in Masvingo District in Zimbabwe to explore on the feasibility of inter-organizational interaction in policy implementation and how it affects the service delivery system. The study incorporated government departments, civil society organizations and ward councillors who stood as the custodians of the people. The study was intended on unveiling the different contextual aspects that exist between government departments and civil-society organizations (CSOs) as individual and separate entities and how the compromising of their values would affect the partnership. Looking at the hierarchical and bureaucratic features of government institutions, the study also intended to understand how this could be concealed and compromised with CSOs‟ open agendas in public policy implementation to ensure effective service delivery to the people. The 5C protocol, critical variables in policy implementation which are policy content, context, capacity, commitment of those entrusted with the implementation process and also clients and coalitions were used as the yardsticks. These variables acted as a yardstick on which to analyze the partnership between the Zimbabwean government and the civil society in the implementation of the Z.N.O.C.P, their different attitudes, bureaucratic settings, organizational culture, values, norms, and how their readjustments or failure affect the service delivery system. It also became imperative to look at the government legislations that govern the CSO space of operation and financial aspects to understand the implications of partnership between government and civil society. An understanding of these aspects leads to an increased understanding of the feasibility of state-CSO partnerships and its implications on policy implementation.
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Lyons, Tanya. "Guns and guerrilla girls : women in the Zimbabwean National Liberation struggle." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl9918.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 290-311. This study investigates the roles and experiences of "women warriors" in Zimbabwe's anti-colonial national liberation war, and reveals certain glorifications which have served to obscure and silence the voices of thousands of young girls and women involved in the struggle. The problems associated with the inclusion of women in an armed/military guerrilla force are discussed, and the (re)presentation of women in discourses of war, fictional accounts, public and national symbols and other multiple discursive layers which have re-inscribed the women back into the domestic examined. The Zimbabwean film Flame highlights the political sensitivity of the issues, including accusations of rape by male comrades in guerrilla training camps. An overview of women's involvement in Zimbabwean history, anti-colonial struggle, and the African nationalist movement provides the background for a critique of western feminist theories of nationalism and women's liberation in Africa. Historical records are juxtaposed with the voices of some women ex-combatants who speak their reasons for joining the struggle and their experiences of war. White Rhodesian women's roles are also examined in light of the gendered constructions of war.
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Mpondi, Douglas. "Educational change and cultural politics national identity-formation in Zimbabwe /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1088187882.
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Bhebhe, Philip. "The role of education in national reconstruction and reconciliation in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3901.
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This study is a contribution to the growing literature on the subject of the role of education in national reconstruction and reconciliation in countries that have experienced conflict and severe dislocation. It takes as its focus the case of Zimbabwe during the period 1980-2010 but related to experiences of conflict in countries such as Angola, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia, the Sudan and Rwanda in Africa and, elsewhere, in Bosnia, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Northern Ireland.
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Lunt, Nicola. "The role of small antelope in ecosystem functioning in the Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005448.
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The 28-month study assessed the impacts of five syntopic medium-sized mammalian browsers and one fire event in a woodland savanna in the Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe. Aspects of herbivory, mechanical pressures, seed dispersal and nutrient cycling were investigated for three species of small antelope (common duiker [Sylvicapra grimmia]1, klipspringer [Oreotragus oreotragus] and steenbok [Raphicerus campestris]) and two medium-sized species (bushbuck [Tragelaphus scriptus] and greater kudu [T. strepsiceros]). Focusing on Burkea africana2 woodland, in a system that does not include elephant (Loxodonta africana), effects of browsing antelope on woody and herbaceous vegetation development were investigated using exclusion plots. Browsers regulated woody plant cover (measured as basal stem area), with smaller antelope having a greater impact than larger species. This was linked to feeding height, feeding selectivity and mechanical pressures (e.g. twig breakage and trampling). Fire caused an initial reduction in above-ground standing biomass, but in the presence of fauna, pre-fire equilibria were attained within 15 months. In antelope exclosures, herbaceous biomass increased and woody biomass decreased following fire. Responses by woody vegetation to browsing varied among species, with highly palatable species typically exhibiting compensatory regrowth. Woody species richness and abundance (especially of palatable species) increased in the absence of browsers, but species richness of the herbaceous layer was promoted by moderate disturbance (trampling or fire). Faecal deposition behaviour, primarily the use of latrines by small antelope, resulted in localised soil enrichment within defended territories. Decomposition rates (and therefore return of nutrients to the soil) varied among species and seasons, due to defecation site selection, accessibility to decomposers and desiccation rates of faecal pellets. Controlled seed germination experiments indicated that ingestion by small antelope enhances germination rates of large, hard-seeded fruits such as Sclerocarya birrea. However, germination of savanna seeds may require multiple cues. This study demonstrated the critical roles of small antelope in ecosystem functioning, and highlights the importance of the less visible impacts of frequently overlooked smaller mammalian herbivores. Perturbations to the faunal community, especially small antelope, are predicted to have substantial impacts on woody plant cover.
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Hofisi, Sharon. "Towards transitional justice in Zimbabwe: the role of the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission and Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77205.
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Transitional justice (TJ) in Zimbabwe can be gleaned as a maze of detached filaments mainly championed by civil society organisations. Though the origins of TJ as a discipline are polemic and debatable, going as far back as Athenian times, TJ was visibilised in the 1990s during the third wave of democratisation, when it developed globally as a self-consolidating field and transdisciplinary concept which focused on outcomes such as prosecution, truth-telling, guarantees for non-recurrence, vetting, and the payment of reparations for victims of conflicts. The traditional focus of TJ was largely template-based or some kind of one-size-fits-all concept which focused on truths and reconciliation concepts. Significantly for victims of violent conflicts, repressive rule and serious human rights abuses, the emerging approach to TJ at the United Nations (UN) and regional institutions such as the African Union (AU) and institutions such as African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) has been to focus on country-specific, localised, and holistic approaches that enhance transformative transitional justice in countries striving to find lasting solutions to deep problems caused by armed conflicts or serious human rights violations.
While there is a robust nexus between human rights, democracy, and TJ, the link is weaker for TJ as it remains an elusive concept in Zimbabwe. Besides, TJ efforts yield different considerations and impacts on racialised, ethnicised, politicised, and institutionalised challenges in Zimbabwe. In most cases, the elusive nature of TJ is felt by victims, their family members, community dwellers, community-based organisations, and faith-based organisations than alleged perpetrators. TJ is perceived in this thesis to be a critical concept that should be properly aligned with internationalised and localised responses. This thesis shows that international agencies now recognise and essentialise the important roles that national institutions (formal or informal), can play in preventing the occurrence and/or recurrence of conflicts and can also play in fostering sustainable cultures of human rights. Specifically, the thesis covers examination of how institutional complementarity between two independent institutions supporting democracy in Zimbabwe; the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission (NPRC) and the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) can be innovatively used to enable the Zimbabwean society to formalise transitional or post-conflict justice using the Constitution and international normative frameworks. The overarching research question in this thesis is: what are the main challenges/limitations and opportunities/openings for the ZHRC and the NPRC to advance TJ in Zimbabwe? The specific research questions are 1. What does the international and national TJ normative framework entail and what is its theoretical force? 2. What constitutes a genuinely contextualised and holistic transitional justice in Zimbabwe? 3. How innovative have the NPRC and ZHRC been in making TJ a reality in Zimbabwe? 4. How can the Zimbabwean TJ framework be improved constitutionally, statutorily, and in practice? In this milieu, adherence to the normative principles of domestic constitutionalism, rule of law and human rights is essential to advance TJ and in identifying victims and most affected groups. The NPRC and ZHRC should thus be innovative in utilising international normative frameworks and aligning them with their constitutional mandates that speak to TJ. Sadly though, the NPRC and ZHRC are yet to align their mandates or work to international frameworks. The thesis concludes with an emphasis on the need for a coherent and transformative TJ policy that is informed by the root causes of societal problems in Zimbabwe: racial, ethnic, economic, political, doctrinal, pandemic-induced and so forth. Through constitutionally-established institutional independence, the NPRC, ZHRC and other Chapter 12 institutions supporting democracy in Zimbabwe must thrive on public legitimacy, confidence, and trust to promote dialogic democratisation and democratic consolidation which also recognise that the victim’s voice in TJ initiatives must be prioritised. Lethargic governance, toxic politics and confidence deficits should be addressed from a human rights as well as transformative TJ perspective. Ultimately, the TJ outcomes expected in this thesis should help Zimbabweans fully reconcile, achieve total peace, and move towards permanent healing. A context-sensitive and coherent TJ should be seen as a precious fruit of the normative frameworks espoused by the Constitution and regionalised or globalised TJ frameworks.
Keywords
Independent institutions, reconciliation, healing, peace, human rights institutions, holistic approaches, context-sensitive transitional justice, transformative justice.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Canon Collins
Centre for Human Rights
PhD
Unrestricted
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Tumbare, D. T. "Government of National Unity (GNU) as a strategy for democracy in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1248.
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Thesis (M.A. (International Politics)) --University of Limpopo, 2014Debate on GNU centres around whether or not as a tool/plan/strategy it promotes, cultivates and fosters democracy in situations where there is lack there-of. In other words does a GNU create the conditions or environment necessary for the establishment of democracy? Various studies have shown that GNU is popular as a conflict-resolution tool and that in countries where it has been employed, it has resulted in the successful cessation of violent conflict. This study explores GNU to find out how successful it was in democratic entrenchment in Zimbabwe. It revealed through interviews and secondary sources that in Zimbabwe GNU managed to bring together antagonistic political contenders to work together for the restoration of peace and democracy and nation-building. GNU did not however, guarantee permanent solution of the crisis. In other words there were other significant issues which could not simply be resolved through a GNU. Finally the study further explored the different reasons for GNU inability to resolve those issues in Zimbabwe.
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Roddan, Andrew L. "Zimbabwe internally or externally driven meltdown? /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FRoddan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia. ; Second Reader: McNab, Robert M. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Zimbabwe, Mugabe, structural adjustment program, democracy, autocrat, state sponsored violence, ZANU, ZAPU, Nkomo, Movement for Democratic Change, Tsvangirai, Fifth Brigade. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-55). Also available in print.
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Rooney, Brigit. "Tourism and African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Behavior in Zambezi National Park, Zimbabwe." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3123.
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As charismatic megafauna and a flagship species, African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are vital to the African tourist economy. Conversely, high levels of wildlife tourism can induce behavioral shifts that push desired animals into less frequented areas and disrupt natural behaviors. In order to examine this trade-off, tourism levels and African elephant behaviors were studied in Zambezi National Park (ZNP) near Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. Over the course of 14 weeks, in-person observations and camera traps in ZNP were used to collect geographic, demographic, and behavioral data from elephant sightings. As a proxy for human presence, geo-locational data were collected for each vehicle sighted in ZNP. These data of vehicles and elephants were mapped in ArcGIS to show a visual representation of their spatial relationship and identify high density and hotspot locations. Analyses from physical observations found that elephants were more frequently sighted in the park region with less vehicle traffic, as expected, but surprisingly also expressed more vigilance behaviors in that region. These results imply that elephants in high traffic regions become accustomed to vehicles but still avoid them when possible. Analyses from camera trap data revealed that only two of the six waterholes monitored had inversely related elephant and human presence, as predicted. There was no clear relationship between elephant and human presence. Future studies should account for habitat type differences in behavioral observations and compare elephant waterhole use in more heavily visited parks.
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Ono, Shigeaki. "Division and privatization of the Japanese National Railways : the impact upon the re-vitalization of Japanese railroads." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36930.
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Katuka, Taurai. "The Introduction and implementation of intranet in the Zimbawe (i.e. Zimbabwe) National Army." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366781.
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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999."June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): William Haga, David R. Henderson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63). Also available online.
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Wilson, Luke. "Elephant impacts on woody vegetation around artificial waterholes in Zambezi National Park, Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32361.
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Elephant are renowned for their ability to substantially alter vegetation. However, as they need to drink regularly, surface water exerts a strong influence over the distribution and magnitude of elephant impacts on vegetation. This study was conducted in Zambezi National Park, a 560 km2 unfenced protected area in northwest Zimbabwe. It aimed to investigate the impacts of elephant on woody vegetation, particularly in relation to artificial waterholes. Sampling plots were located at different distances from four pumped waterholes in teak (Baikiaea) and Terminalia woodlands, the two main woody vegetation types recognised in the study area. Plots were set at 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 m from waterholes in the teak woodland. Due to the close proximity of waterholes, a lower maximum distance of 2500 or 3000 m from waterholes had to be used in the Terminalia woodland, but sampling intervals from 200-2000 m were otherwise the same. Assessment of elephant browsing and a series of measurements were performed on trees and shrubs within these plots, with plants assigned to one of three height classes (0.2 - < 1 m; 1 - <3 m and ≥3 m). Elephant dung counts were also conducted in these plots, to provide a measure of elephant occupancy. A clear decline in elephant browsing with distance from waterholes was evident in both the teak and Terminalia woodlands. However, elephant browsing was consistently higher in the latter woodland type. Averaged across all plant height classes, elephant had removed 30-45% of plant canopies in most Terminalia woodland plots. More moderate canopy removal of 10- 30% was found in most teak woodland plots. Plants ≥3 m were particularly highly browsed in the Terminalia woodland, with over 50% of their canopy volume removed in most plots. Elephant browsing impacts were also considered at the species level, which revealed clear differences in browsing levels among species. Some uncommon and highly browsed species were flagged as being potentially vulnerable to disappearance from the area, even in the teak woodland where overall elephant browsing was lower. The effects of elephant browsing on vegetation structure at different distances from artificial waterholes were also investigated. Little change was apparent in the teak woodland, where the only noted impact was a reduction in the density and canopy volume of plants 1 - <3 m tall, limited to within 1 km of waterholes. More pronounced structural impacts were evident in the Terminalia woodland. Substantial declines in the basal area and canopy volume of trees (i.e. plants ≥3 m) occurred closer to waterholes, with widespread conversion of woodland to shrubland evident. Reductions in both tree and shrub canopy volumes closer to waterholes also suggested a reduction in browse availability in the Terminalia woodland. Finally, elephant dung declined with distance to waterholes, confirming that elephant were found in higher densities closer to waterholes. However, dung counts did not reveal different levels of elephant occupancy between the two vegetation types, despite higher browsing in the Terminalia woodland. This finding suggests elephant might be using the teak woodland for purposes other than just browsing, such as for shade. The study thus provided evidence that waterholes have had a significant impact on vegetation in the area, particularly on the favoured Terminalia woodland. Acknowledging the tourism value of retaining waterholes in the area, it is suggested that distances between waterholes should be increased, through only continuing pumping at waterholes with viewing platforms. This could result in a more heterogeneous elephant browsing regime across the highly impacted Terminalia woodland in particular, and lessen further homogenisation of this vegetation type towards a shrubland.
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Guerbois, Chloé. "Considérer les aires protégées dans la dynamique des systèmes socio-écologiques pour une conservation intégrée et durable de la faune sauvage africaine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0029.
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Les aires protégées, considérées comme un outil majeur de conservation de la faune sauvage, doivent aujourd'hui faire face à une compétition croissante pour l'espace et les ressources. Cette compétition appelle à une meilleure intégration des dynamiques socio-économiques régionales dans la gestion de ces aires. Cette thèse a comme objectif la compréhension des liens écologiques, socio-économiques et culturels conditionnant l'intégration de l'aire protégée au sein de l'anthroposystème auquel elle appartient. Le cadre conceptuel le plus pertinent est celui des systèmes socio-écologiques, qui permettent de compléter le cadre des écosystèmes naturels en incluant l'être humain comme élément fonctionnel et de transformation. Dans l'objectif d'inscrire les actions de conservation in situ dans la durabilité, le cadre choisi est celui de l'analyse de la résilience du système socio-écologique incluant l'aire protégée. Etayée par un important travail de terrain, cette étude se concentre sur le système constitué du Parc National de Hwange (Zimbabwe) et de sa périphérie, un système ouvert hébergeant l'une des plus importantes densités d'éléphant au monde. Pour comprendre les enjeux de l'intégration, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude des liens socio-écologiques entre l'aire protégée et les communautés rurales vivant à sa périphérie. La dimension largement interdisciplinaire de ce travail, où l'éléphant sera utilisé comme un fil conducteur, a conduit à combiner des méthodes issues de l'écologie et des sciences sociales. La contribution des aires protégées au bien-vivre est conditionnée par de multiples facteurs socio-culturels, qui influencent la perception des services (et dis-services) rendus par ces espaces. La distance à l'aire protégée régule l'intensité des flux (accès aux ressources naturelles et dégâts aux cultures). Par ailleurs, la cohésion sociale favorise la médiation des dis-services en diminuant les coûts associés à la coexistence homme-faune. La communauté étudiée repose sur une économie de subsistance largement contrainte par la pluviométrie et intimement dépendante des ressources naturelles. Les valeurs associées à ce type d'économie, et de société, ont certainement contribué à la résilience du système face aux crises politiques et économiques des années 2000. Cette thèse souligne la nécessité de comprendre les processus socio-écologiques endogènes qui sous-tendent la coexistence entre les aires protégées et leur périphérie. Protéger ces espaces et la faune sauvage repose donc aussi sur la protection des valeurs qui favorisent cette coexistenceProtected areas, considered today as a major tool for wildlife conservation, are facing an increasing competition for space and resources. This calls for a better integration of socio-economic dynamics at regional scale in the management of protected areas. This thesis aims at understanding the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural linkages conditioning the integration of the protected areas into the anthropological system to which they belong. An appropriate conceptual framework for thinking these relationships is the socio-ecological system, which complements the framework of natural ecosystems by including humans as a functional element and a source of transformation. In order for conservation to be a sustainable objective, the analytical framework used is the resilience of socio-ecological systems, including protected areas. Illustrated by extensive field works, this study focuses on the socio-ecological system constituted by Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe) and its periphery, an unfenced area hosting one of the largest elephant density over the world. To understand the key challenges for integration, we studied the socio-ecological linkages between the protected area and the peripheral rural communities. This interdisciplinary research, where the elephant is used as a thread-line, necessitated to combine sociological and ecological methodologies. The contribution of protected areas to local well-being is dependent on multiple socio-cultural factors that influence the services (and dis-services) perceived as provided by these areas. The distance to protected areas regulates the intensity of fluxes (access to natural resources, wildlife damages). Further, social cohesion promotes the mitigation of dis-services by decreasing the costs associated with the coexistence between humans and wildlife. The economy of the studied community is based on subsistence, constrained by annual rainfall and intimately dependent on natural resources. The values associated with this type of economy, and society, certainly contributed to the resilience of this system regarding the political and economic crisis of the early 2000's. This thesis underlines the necessity to understand the endogenous socio-ecological processes that condition the coexistence between protected areas and their peripheral anthroposystems. Protecting wildlife through protected areas relies also on the protection of the values that promote coexistence
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Chigariro, Dickson. "Collaboration in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives: a case study of the national archives of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3869.
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Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBiblThe study investigated the significance of collaboration in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives at the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) in light of the challenges presented by this heritage resource. An exploration of literature has revealed that managing audio-visuals is not an easy part and most cultural heritage institutions in developing counties have been struggling. The underlying premise is that collaboration ensures efficiency and effectiveness in the management and preservation of audio-visual archives
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Makombe, Percy Fungayi. "Governance reforms and national benefits : problems and prospects in Marange diamond mining in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20980.
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Zimbabwe is among the top diamond-producing countries and is believed to hold a quarter of the world's diamond reserves. Yet it is still one of the poorest countries as the economy is slumped and growth has slackened, and it is expected to further weaken. This study tracks the history of diamond mining at Marange diamond fields, describing what has played out since the discovery of huge diamond deposits in 2006.The study considers potential entry points to try and effect reform in diamond mining in the country. It also explores the governance options and their experience, distinguishing between domestic and global mechanisms and exploring the prospects for each. The study interrogates the strength and ability of various stakeholders to affect reform casting light on the politics and power dynamics at play.
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Marumahoko, Sylvester. "Constitution-making in Zimbabwe : assessing institutions and processes." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5470.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDSince its conquest by Britain in 1890, Zimbabwe has witnessed a series of constitution-making projects. Spanning over 100 years, the question of constitutional development has continued to dominate public debate. The end of colonial rule did not see an end to the demand for a constitution that is legitimate and durable. The search for an enduring and good constitution continued into the 21st century. With the unveiling of the 2013 constitution-making project, however, it seemed as if a long lasting solution had been 'delivered' on the question of a legitimate and durable constitution. The thesis assesses the questions of institutions and processes in Zimbabwe’s quest to construct a new constitution. It contends that institutions and processes used to make constitutions are as important as the contents of a final constitution. That is why more time and efforts are often spent negotiating the twin questions of institutions and processes of constitution-making than is spent negotiating the content of a constitution. With this in mind, the thesis develops standards for assessing institutions and processes used in successive constitution-making projects in Zimbabwe. A major finding of the assessment is that the twin questions of institutions and processes were neglected in all constitution-making efforts undertaken in Zimbabwe, including that which culminated in the creation of the Constitution of 2013. The thesis maintains that a lot of significance must be attached to the design of institutions and processes of constitution making if a constitution is to be enduring and widely accepted as legitimate.
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Marembo, Kudzanai Rosebud. "Identifying african wild dog (Lycaon pictus) corridors outside Gonarezhou National Park and Save Valley Conservancy using maxent species distribution modeling." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96893.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT:The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is one of the most endangered large carnivores. Gonarezhou National Park (GNP) and Savè Valley Conservancy (SVC) that hold part of the few remaining viable populations report that wild dog populations continue to decline due to high rates of habitat loss and fragmentation. This leads to low pup survival rates due to predators and reduced formation of new packs as the wild dogs have become reluctant to leave the safety of their original packs in pursuit of mating partners in fragmented habitats where higher risks of danger exist. Consequently, this reduces population growth for Lycaon pictus. Therefore, the study sought to identify additional suitable habitat for wild dog outside GNP and SVC and a corridor connecting the two areas using the ecological niche theory. Wild dog satellite collar data from the African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) was used with spatial and climate data for GNP and SVC from PeaceParks and WorldClim. This data was used to firstly, identify dens using ArcGIS 10.1. Secondly, map geographic and temporal distributions using Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Thirdly, to assess biotic and abiotic drivers of different packs and sexes movement and distribution patterns using ARCGIS 10.1 and lastly, map probability distributions (corridor and re-location sites) using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Den locations are in areas away from predators and human settlements. Wild dog geographic distributions are smaller in the cold and dry seasons and differ according to sex whilst temporal distributions depend on their use of resources. The most influential biotic and abiotic variables within reserves were distance to human settlements and elevation whilst the least influential were roads and temperature. However, outside the reserves, the most influential variable was distance from reserve. Malilangwe is a potential corridor between GNP and SVC, whilst Masvingo, Beitbridge, and Mwenezi districts have suitable habitat for re-location sites.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Afrika-wildehond (Lycaon pictus) is een van die mees bedreigde groot karnivore. Gonarezhou Nationale Park (GNP) en Savè Vallei Conservancy (SVC) wat deel van die min oorblywende lewensvatbare bevolkings hou rapporteer dat wilde hond bevolkings voortgaan om te daal as gevolg van die verlies en fragmentering van habitat. Dit lei tot 'n lae pup oorlewingsyfer te danke aan predasie asook dalende vlakke van nuwe troppe. Omdat as die wilde honde het huiwerig geword om die veiligheid van hul oorspronklike troppe te verlaat in die soektog na paarmaats in gefragmenteerde habitatte waar hoër risiko van gevaar bestaan. Gevolglik verminder die bevolkingsgroei vir Lycaon pictus. Daarom onderneem die studie addisionele geskikte habitat vir wilde hond buite die GNP en SVC te vind en die stigting van 'n gang Om die twee gebiede te verbind met behulp van die ekologiese nis teorie te identifiseer. Wildehond satelliet kraag data van die African Wildlife Conservation Fund (AWCF) is gebruik met ruimtelike en klimaat data vir die GNP en SVC van PeaceParks en WorldClim. Hierdie data is gebruik om eerstens, kuile te identifiseer met behulp van ArcGIS 10.1. Tweedens, kartering van geografiese en temporale verspreiding met behulp van Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH). Derdens, die ondersoek van biotiese en abioties dryfkragte van verskillende troppe pakke en geslagte bewegings en verspreidingspatrone met ArcGIS 10.1 te evalueer en laastens, kartering van waarskynlikheidsverdelings (korridor en hervestigingsgebiede) van die Maksimum Entropie (MaxEnt). Kuile is in gebiede weg van roofdiere en menslike nedersettings. Wildehond geografiese verspreiding is kleiner in die koue en droë seisoene en verskil volgens geslag, terwyl temporale verspreidings afhang van die gebruik van hulpbronne. Die mees invloedryke biotiese en abioties veranderlikes binne reserwes was die afstand vanaf menslike nedersettings en hoogte, terwyl paaie en temperatuur die laagste invloed gehad. Buite die reserwes was, die mees invloedryke veranderlike afstand vanaf reservaat. Malilangwe is 'n potensiële korridor tussen die GNP en SVC, terwyl Masvingo, Beitbridge en Mwenezi distrikte geskikte habitat bied vir hervestiging.
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Horn, Mark Philip Malcolm. ""Chimurenga" 1896-1897: a revisionist study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002398.
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There were no "Rebellions" in 1896-7. The concept of "risings" which is to be found in the European perspective of the escalated violence has distorted an understanding of the complex nature of the events. The events of 1896-7 must rather be explained through an examination of the details of the conflict. European pressure on the African people prior to 1896 was minimal and cannot be assumed to be the "cause" of the first "Chimurenga". There was no planned, organised or coordinated "rebellion" in Matabeleland in March 1896. Further, no distinction can be made between a "March" rebellion in Matabeleland and a June "rebellion" in Mashonaland. A European war of conquest in 1896-7 evoked the responce known now as the first "Chimurenga". It was the war of conquest of 1896-7 which saw the ascendancy of the European perspective over the African and thereby established the psychological foundations of the Rhodesian colonial state. The complex nature of the events of 1896-7 is to be understood through an appreciation of the different perspectives of those who became embroiled in the conflict.
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Mambo, Tatenda T. "THE GEOGRAPHY OF BRAIN DRAIN MIGRATION IN THE HEALTH SECTOR: FROM ZIMBABWE TO THE UK." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247686860.
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Mano, W. "African national radio and everyday life : a case study of Radio Zimbabwe and its listeners." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433755.
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Ndlovu, Mandipa Bongiwe. "‘The Political Economy of Non-Recurrence: Navigating National Healing, Institutional Reform & Militarisation in Zimbabwe'." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32950.
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The thesis contextualises the state of transitional justice, elite outlooks and militarisation in Zimbabwe, whilst drawing attention to the complexities of achieving this reality. The study draws from transitional justice, civil-military relations, as well as the political settlements literature as analytical frameworks. Essentially, the study poses two key questions: How does studying transitional justice and elite culture help pre-plan for strategies to professionalise the military and reallocate civic-political duties to citizens should Zimbabwe transition out of authoritarianism? Once achieved, how can this be sustained towards socio-economic development? The study also tackles questions of justice and impunity whilst framing client-patron relations amongst the elite as impediments to progress. Amidst cyclical episodes of violation, the thesis links the denial of justice through amnesties, corruption, and further violence, to the politics of policing memory and trauma. This is analysed within the scope of the late Robert Mugabe regime as well as the current Emmerson Mnangagwa regime – both of which are inherited legacies from the Ian Smith regime. The intricacies of elite networks and accumulation are then laid out, culminating in deliberations on how to navigate prospects for reform, in understanding the politics of non-recurrence when contextualising systemic as well as physical violence. The thesis aims to contribute to ongoing discussions on political leadership, national healing, and institutional reform in Zimbabwe.
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Kriger, Norma J. "Zimbabwe's guerrilla war : peasant voices /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35488025p.
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Young, Eric Theodore. "Politics in the military : transformations in the Forcas Armadas de Mocambique and the Zimbabwe National Army." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402069.
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Munguambe, Clinarete Victoria Luis. "Solidarity and the struggle for Zimbabwe: Zimbabwean African National Union (ZANU) in Mozambique (1975-1980) Clinarete." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5934.
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Magister Artium - MA (History)This dissertation examines the relationships of solidarity that developed between the Mozambican people and the Zimbabwean liberation movement ZANU, between 1975 and 1980, considering them in their multifarious aspects and attempting to understand the dynamics at work. Scholars have not paid sufficient attention to Mozambique's role as the host country of the Zimbabwean liberation movement. This dissertation is intended to fill this gap in the literature, by engaging critically with the history of ZANU-Mozambique relations, seen from the perspective of the Mozambicans themselves. My argument is that Mozambican support to ZANU was marked by a spirit of mutual cooperation and brotherhood between people who shared a similar historical and cultural background, which is a major factor behind the support offered by Mozambican people to ZANU. But, this solidarity was also the consequence of an authoritarian effort by the Mozambican ruling party, FRELIMO. to impose a specific political and ideological consciousness. This consciousness was shaped through the creation of legal instruments to ensure popular support such as the creation of the Solidarity Bank in 1976; by the use of an authoritarian discourse which relied on a 'vocabulary of ready-made ideas'1; and by the use of such methods as the cartoon figure, Xiconhoca, stigmatising all those who did not support solidarity with ZANU as traitors or sell-outs.
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Lall, Ashish Carleton University Dissertation Economics. "Cost function regularity and economies of scale, scope, and total factor productivity: an application to class I Canadian railways, 1956-81." Ottawa, 1992.
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Smith, Ian B. "The privatisation of the JNR in historical perspective : an evaluation of government policy on the operation of the national railways in Japan." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319801.
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Zhira, Pardon. "An analysis of the business response to HIV/AIDS in the catering industry in Zimbabwe : a case study for organisations affiliated to the National Employment Council for the catering industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86209.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The catering industry by its constituent membership of hotels, restaurants, lodges, bars, night clubs, takeaways and every tourist activity is susceptible and vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. This study analysed the business response to HIV/AIDS by establishments in the catering industry in Zimbabwe. The case study focused on establishments in Harare using a questionnaire with both open-ended and closed questions for data collection. The results of the study acknowledged the impact of HIV/AIDS on human resources capital and the business. The study also highlighted the need to conduct an assessment of the status of HIV/AIDS in the industry and its impact on both people and business. The epidemic was also acknowledged as a threat to the industry (both workforce and the business)hence the need for business response. However, the study revealed that the current business response was very minimal, erratic and uncoordinated. The study also highlighted the discriminatory practices in the catering industry especially in the treatment of persons infected with HIV. The study revealed the urgent need to put in place effective response to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS in the catering industry. Recommendations have been made to address HIV/AIDS in the workplace.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal tot watter mate die voedselverskaffingsindustrie in Zimbabwe as besigheid gereageer het teenoor MIV/Vigs en wat hulle besigheidsrespons was. Resultate van die studie dui aan dat hierdie besigheidsektor wel erkenning gee aan die negatiewe impak wat MIV/Vigs op menslike hulpbronne . MIV/Vigs word as ‘n bedreiging erken en die negatiewe impak daarvan op besighede word deeglik besef. Die studie dui egter ook aan dat die huidige respons van die voedselverskaffingsektor minimaal, ongereeld en ongekoordineerd is. Die studie wys ook daarop dat daar nog steeds baie hoogs-diskriminerende praktyke binne die industrie bestaan, veral ten opsigte van pasiënte wat tans op behandeling is vir MIV-verwante siektetoestande. Die studie wys op die noodsaaklikheid van ‘n doeltreffende besigheidsrepons binne die voedselverskaffingsindustrie en voorstelle word gemaak vir die beter bestuur van MIV/Vigs binne hierdie bedryfsektor.
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Samwanda, Biggie. "Postcolonial monuments and public sculpture in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006825.
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The study critically examines public art in postcolonial Zimbabwe‘s cities of Harare and Bulawayo. In a case by case approach, I analyse the National Heroes Acre and Old Bulawayo monuments, and three contemporary sculptures – Dominic Benhura‘s Leapfrog (1993) and Adam Madebe‘s Ploughman (1987) and Looking into the future (1985). I used a qualitative research methodology to collect and analyse data. My research design utilised in-depth interviews, observation, content and document analysis, and photography to gather nuanced data and these methods ensured that data collected is validated and/or triangulated. I argue that in Zimbabwe, monuments and public sculpture serve as the necessary interface of the visual, cultural and political discourse of a postcolonial nation that is constantly in transition and dialogue with the everyday realities of trying to understand and construct a national identity from a nest of sub-cultures. I further argue that monuments and public sculpture in Zimbabwe abound with political imperatives given that, as visual artefacts that interlace with ritual performance, they are conscious creations of society and are therefore constitutive of that society‘s heritage and social memory. Since independence in 1980, monuments and public sculpture have helped to open up discursive space and dialogue on national issues and myths. Such discursive spaces and dialogues, I also argue, have been particularly animated from the late 1990s to the present, a period in which the nation has engaged in self-introspection in the face of socio-political change and challenges in the continual process of imagining the Zimbabwean nation. Little research focusing on postcolonial public art in Zimbabwe has hitherto been undertaken. This study addresses gaps in this literature while also providing a spring board from which future studies may emerge.Microsoft� Word 2010
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Mapodisi, Tebogo Titose. "Towards the establishment of a national human rights institution in Botswana: Lessons from South Africa and Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12908.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation seeks to answer the following research questions: Whether there exist legal and institutional gaps that need to be filled by the establishment of a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) in Botswana? How will the establishment of a NHRI fill gaps in Botswana’s existing legal and institutional framework? What are the minimum standards, guidelines and principles which must be adhered to in order to establish an effective NHRI ? What lessons can Botswana learn from South Africa and Zimbabwe in order to establish a NHRI Botswana’s which complies with the Paris Principles?
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Sadomba, Wilbert Zvakanyorwa. "War veterans in Zimbabwe's land occupations complexities of a liberation movement in an African post-colonial settler society /." [Wageningen : s.n.], 2008. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/244249371.html.
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Stanbridge, Deborah. "Genetic admixture of Kruger National Park black rhino (Diceros bicornis minor): conservation implications." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32994.
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Black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) have been extirpated from most of their historic range with the remaining individuals (ca. 5200) living in geographically isolated populations. Management priorities include creating new populations whilst maintaining genetic diversity and promoting gene flow between existing isolated populations. Such objectives are however currently hindered by a lack of comparative/reference data on levels of diversity, relatedness and inbreeding in a large, free-ranging black rhinoceros population. Here I attempt to address this gap in our knowledge by investigating the genetic diversity of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis minor within Kruger National Park (the largest free-ranging population of this subspecies) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. I compared the diversity of this founded population with the two source populations (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Zimbabwe) using published studies, and evaluate the relative contribution of source lineages relative to the proportion of original founders. Analysis of the mtDNA control region revealed four haplotypes, with moderate haplotype and nucleotide diversity (h=0.48 (± 0.05 SD); π= 0.29%). Data from 13 microsatellite loci revealed moderate to high levels of genetic variation (number of alleles = 4.92 ± 0.90, effective number of alleles = 2.26 ± 0.25, observed heterozygosity = 0.50 ± 0.04, expected heterozygosity = 0.51 ± 0.04), low mean pairwise relatedness (r = -0.03), a low inbreeding coefficient (Fis = 0.04) and no evidence of genetic structuring. Diversity levels within the Kruger black rhinoceros population were high compared to levels reported in black rhinoceroses originating in KwaZulu-Natal and similar to those reported in individuals originating in Zimbabwe. Results show that 40-60% of the Zimbabwean lineages are represented in the Kruger population which is a noticeable increase in the relative contribution of the Zimbabwe founder population. The data provided by this study can be used to guide management and conservation decisions regarding maximising genetic variability across the subspecies. Furthermore, given the encouraging levels of genetic diversity observed, the Kruger black rhinoceros population would be an ideal source population for supplementation of genetically depauperate populations or creating new populations. Finally, these findings demonstrate a positive outcome in mixing the KwaZulu-Natal and Zimbabwe gene pools, with evidence that the founder Kruger black rhinoceros population has been genetically rescued from the low diversity seen in the KwaZulu-Natal black rhinoceroses in South Africa.
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Magadzike, Blessed. "An investigation of Zimbabwe's contemporary heritage practices of memorializing war : a case study of the Heroes' Acres in Matabeleland South Province." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5402.
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Magister Artium - MAThe study through the topic: An investigation of Zimbabwe's contemporary heritage practices of memorializing war: A case study of the Heroes' Acres in Matabeleland South Province focuses on post liberation war memorialisation and management in the post-colonial state of Zimbabwe. It analyses the emergence and management of war memorials and shrines in the form of heroes' acres, in the province of Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe from 1988 to 2010. Zimbabwe attained independence in 1980 after a long protracted war waged by two guerrilla movements against the unilaterally declared independent state of Rhodesia led by Ian Smith. Post-1980, ZANU (PF) became the dominant political party in the new state now renamed Zimbabwe. A national memorialisation structure was established soon after independence; charged with ensuring a befitting memorialisation of the war of liberation. Post-independence political contradictions between the parties notwithstanding, the results of the 1980 election showed an ethnicized landscape, a trajectory that has been at the centre of the national political discourse. Political disturbances in the Matabeleland and Midlands provinces became one of the most important and interesting historical issues that unsettled the nation in respect of memorialisation. Against this background, this research proposes to assess how political actors contributed to the issue of memorializing a war in post-1980 Zimbabwe. Using the central question which arose from a critique of Zimbabwe's memorialisation structure as a graded one, in which the local site subordinates the national, the research aims to examine whether the shifts in the political and management spheres of the heroes acres as represented by the inclusive government currently governing the country and the transferring of management duties of heroes acres to the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, has managed to challenge the claim made above. By embarking on this work, the research aims to examine whether the local memorial sites actually act as mere subordinates in a deliberate graded structure to the national shrine represented by the National Heroes' Acre in Harare, within the politics of memorialisation.
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Choi, Eunbong. "The break-up and privatization policy of the Japan National Railways, 1980-87 : a case study of Japanese public policy-making structure and process /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26965626.html.
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Nyawuyanga, Tafadzwa Maggie. "Corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4771.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe aim of this study is to critically analyse corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe. The main question is how CSR can be used to speed up the achievement of development goals? The paper will focus on how CSR can be used to achieve national development goals and MDGs that will soon be integrated into SDGs. Attention will be paid to MDG1 which goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; and MDG 5 which aims to improve maternal health and national development goals in Zimbabwe. The research is guided by the following objectives: 1. To examine international, regional and national legal frameworks that seek to promote corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe. 2. To establish the connection between CSR and development goals in Zimbabwe, and explore how CSR can be used as a tool to fast-track the achievement of national development goals and UN development goals. The paper will investigate the efforts made by the Zimbabwean government to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to improve maternal health. The two MDGs are proving to be difficult to be achieved by the end of 2015. 3. To recommend measures that would facilitate the promotion of CSR into Zimbabwean companies and assist the government in achieving the developmental goals within the specified time frame.
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Britz, Anna Christina. "The struggle for liberation and the fight for democracy : the impact of liberation movement governance on democratic consolidation in Zimbabwe and South Africa." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17856.
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Thesis (MA )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The issue of democratic consolidation has become an important field of study in relation to developing states, especially with regards to Southern Africa. The region’s history of liberation struggles and the emergence of liberation movements as ruling parties are vital factors to take into account when investigating democracy and, more specifically, democratic consolidation in these countries. However, there are only a few comparative studies that have looked at the effects of liberation movement governance on democracy. Therefore, in this study two case studies – Zimbabwe and South Africa – are compared in an effort to offer more insight into this topic. The focus of the study was placed on how the behavior of liberation movement governments has affected the rule of law in order to assess their impact on democratic consolidation in general. This study follows the premise of studies in political behavior that actors’ attitudes (in this case, liberation movements’ political cultures) affect their behavior or actions that in turn have an influence on democratic institutions that eventually impacts democratic stability. In order to investigate this, the two case studies were compared and discussed in terms of the following themes: firstly, the respective liberation struggles and transitions to majority rule; secondly, the political cultures that have developed within ZANU-PF and the ANC during the liberation struggles; and lastly, the effect of the two parties’ behavior – informed by the political cultures – on the rule of law, a central feature of democratic consolidation. The findings indicate that in Zimbabwe, the rule of law disintegrated and democracy faltered largely due to the behavior of ZANU-PF. In South Africa, on the other hand, the rule of law has so far been upheld and the prospects for democratic consolidation seem more positive than in the case of Zimbabwe. In the last few years, though, the ruling ANC has shown tendencies that could prove to be detrimental to the future of democracy in South Africa. The ANC and ZANU-PF have both exhibited an authoritarian political culture, a desire to capture the state, tendencies towards centralization of power and the delegitimation of opposition. However, perhaps the key explanation for the protection of the rule of law in South Africa and the disintegration thereof in Zimbabwe has less to do with the political culture than the constraining influence of the international context with a renewed focus on democracy and human rights and internal factors such as the constitution, civil society and a robust media. Furthermore, Zimbabwe experienced a watershed moment in the 2000 with the constitutional referendum which the Mugabe regime lost. With the loss of the referendum, ZANU-PF’s democratic credentials were tested and it failed. In South Africa, such a watershed moment has not happened yet – the ANC’s democratic credentials have yet to be tested like this. Therefore, the future of democracy is still uncertain even though in comparison with Zimbabwe, the prospects of democratic survival seem to be more positive. In conclusion, it is not possible to claim that liberation movement governance in general negatively affects democratic consolidation. The findings of the study indicate that this has definitely been the case in Zimbabwe, but so far not in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwessie van demokratiese konsolidasie het ‘n belangrike veld van studie geword in verband met ontwikkelende lande, veral met betrekking tot Suider-Afrika. Die gebied se geskiedenis van bevrydingstryde en die opkoms van vryheidsbewegings as regerende partye is belangrike faktore om in ag te neem wanneer demokrasie en, meer spesifiek, demokratiese konsolidasie ondersoek word. Tog is daar sover net ‘n paar vergelykende studies wat gekyk het na die effekte van bevrydingsbewegings se regeerkunde op demokrasie. Gevolglik, in hierdie studie is twee gevallestudies – Zimbabwe en Suid-Afrika – vergelyk in ‘n poging om meer insig te bied met betrekking tot hierdie onderwerp. Die fokus van die studie is geplaas op hoe die gedrag van regerende bevrydingsbewegings die oppergesag van die reg beïnvloed in ‘n poging om te bepaal hoe hulle demokratiese konsolidasie in die algemeen affekteer. Die studie volg die veronderstelling van studies in politieke gedrag dat akteurs se houdings (in hierdie geval die politieke kulture van die bevrydingsbewegings) beïnvloed hul gedrag of aksies wat weer ‘n invloed het op demokratiese instellings wat uiteindelik ‘n effek het op demokratiese stabiliteit. Om dit te ondersoek is die twee gevallestudies vergelyk en bespreek met betrekking tot die volgende: eerstens, die onderskeidelike vryheidstryde en oorgange tot meerderheidsregerings; tweedens, die politieke kulture wat ontwikkel het binne ZANU-PF en die ANC gedurende die vryheidstryde; en laastens, die effek van die twee partye se gedrag – geïnspireer deur die politieke kulture – op die oppergesag van die reg, ‘n sleutel kenmerk van demokratiese konsolidasie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die oppergesag van die reg in Zimbabwe in duie gestort het en demokrasie gefaal het grootliks as gevolg van ZANU-PF se gedrag. In Suid-Afrika, aan die anderkant, is die oppergesag van die reg sover gehandhaaf en die vooruitsigte vir demokratiese konsolidasie blyk om meer positief te wees as in die geval van Zimbabwe. Tog het die ANC oor die laaste paar jaar tendense getoon wat skadelik kan wees vir die toekoms van demokrasie in Suid-Afrika. Die ANC en ZANU-PF het beide ‘n outoritêre politieke kultuur geopenbaar, ‘n begeerte om beheer oor die staat oor te neem, tendense tot die sentralisering van mag en om opposisie te ondermyn. Alhoewel, die moontlike sleutel verklaring vir die beskerming van die oppergesag van die reg in Suid-Afrika en die disintegrering daarvan in Zimbabwe minder te doen het met die politieke kultuur as die beperkende invloed van die internasionale konteks met ‘n hernude fokus op demokrasie en menseregte en interne faktore soos die grondwet, die burgerlike samelewing en ‘n robuuste media. Verder, Zimbabwe het ‘n keerpunt beleef in 2000 met die konstitusionele referendum wat die Mugabe regime verloor het. Met die verlies van die referendum, is ZANU-PF se demokratiese getuigskrifte getoets en dit het gefaal. Suid-Afrika het nog nie so ‘n keerpunt beleef nie – die ANC se demokratiese getuigskrifte moet nog op so ‘n wyse getoets word. Daarom is die toekoms van demokrasie steeds onseker, maar in vergelyking met Zimbabwe, blyk dit dat die vooruitsigte vir demokratiese oorlewing meer positief is. Ter slotte, is dit nie moontlik om te verklaar dat bevrydingbewegings se regeerkunde demokratiese konsolidasie oor die algemeen negatief beïnvloed nie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat dit definitief die geval in Zimbabwe is, maar sover nie in Suid-Afrika nie.
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Chikanya, Tichaona Nigel. "The relevance of Moltmann’s concept of hope for the discourse on hope in Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24291.
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Many Zimbabweans experienced its 18 April 1980 independence of Zimbabwe as ushering in an era of hope. However, it is shown that events like Operations Murambatsvina and Makavhotasei, the Land Reform Program, and the Economic Structural Adjustment Program significantly and negatively impacted on the initial hope of independence. The study traces and explores the potential of Moltmann’s work on hope for the Zimbabwean context. It is concluded that Moltmann’s work can make a constructive contribution the meta-discourse on hope in Zimbabwe. This is specifically the case with reference to the way in which Moltmann’s theology of hope integrates the role of history, God’s promise in a comprehensive eschatological framework, grounded in his Christology.Dissertation (MTh)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
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ASGHARI, Mina. "Supply chain visibility in the last mile of delivery : A case study of the National Family Planning Supply Chain in Zimbabwe." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246023.
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During the last decade, the role of supply chains has increasingly been articulated to be a key issue when it comes to universal health coverage. Humanitarian organization, donors and governments have started to realize that strong supply chains, in particular increased supply chain visibility, is imperative to ensuring proper availability of, and access to, health commodities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the processes at every stage of the supply chain allows for mitigation of risks, forward optimization and identification of best practices. More importantly, it ensures the availability of commodities at the last mile of distribution. During the course of this study, it was shown that the notion of supply chain visibility is an ambiguous concept, which makes it challenging for organizations to know how and what to address when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility. The best way of measuring the level of supply chain visibility was considered as being through measuring the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information (status information, transactional information and master data) that is shared throughout the supply chain. By assessing the three attributes of the information that is shared within a supply chain, organizations and governments in LMICs, in this case the national family planning supply chain of Zimbabwe, can assess the current level of supply chain visibility and understand what there is that affects its levels. The findings showed that there are many areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility - many of which are not related to sophisticated information technology (IT) solutions. However, people tend leap from supply chain visibility to sophisticated IT solutions, when discussing how the level of supply chain visibility can be improved. The belief that investments in IT solutions will increase the level of supply chain visibility has shown to be an error of perception. When framing a problem solely as a technological issue, the risk is that other critical factors that can improve the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information, thus also the supply chain visibility, are overlooked. Instead, this study suggests that organizations and governments should address two parameters; system maturity and capacity. Together, they capture the full spectrum of factors that can be addressed when aiming to increase the level of supply chain visibility in LMICs. System maturity refers to the way in which the supply chain is designed to facilitate for superior information sharing, such as frequency of resupply intervals, choice of push- or pull-system, the number of tiers or design of the logistics management and information system. The capability refers to the aggregated of the system ability, including; workload, training, education, competence, experiences and will of individuals working within the supply chain. By using the two parameters as a guideline, the idea is that organizations and governments in LMICs will be able capture a broader spectrum of possible areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility.Under det senaste årtiondet har leverantörskedjans roll blivit en nyckelfråga när det kommer till universell hälsodekning. Humanitära organisationer, donatorer och regeringar har börjat inse att starka logistikkedjor, i synnerhet ökad ”supply chain visibility”, är absolut nödvändiga för att säkerställa rätt tillgång till hälsoprodukter i låg- och medelinkomstländer (LMIL). Att förstå processerna i logistikkedjans samtliga led, gör att man kan identifiera flaskhalsar, riskminimera och optimera flödet av produkter. Framförallt så möjliggör ökad supply chain visibility att man kan säkerställa tillgången på livsnödvändiga hälsoprodukter vid logistikkedjans slutdestination. Under denna studie visade det sig att begreppet supply chain visibility är ett tvetydigt koncept som gör det svårt för organisationer att veta hur och vad de bör adressera när de eftersträvar en ökad nivå av synlighet i logistikkedjan. De parametrar som ansågs bäst beskriva nivån av supply chain visibility var genom att bedöma kvantiteten, noggrannheten och färskheten av informationen (statusinformation, transaktionsinformation och masterdata) som delas genom hela logistikkedjan. Genom att granska de tre attributen av den information som delas inom en logistikkedja så kan organisationer och regeringar i LMILs, i detta fall den nationella logistikkedjan i Zimbabwe, utvärdera den nuvarande nivå av supply chain visibility och förstå vad det är som påverkar dess nivå. Resultaten för denna studie visade att det finns många områden som kan åtgärdas när man syftar till att förbättra nivån av supply chain visibility - varav många inte alls är relaterade till sofistikerade IT-lösningar. Tyvärr, så har det visat sig att många individer ofta tror sofistikerade IT-lösningar är lösningen, när man vill öka graden av supply chain visibility. Med denna tro riskerar man att förbise andra kritiska faktorer som också kan förbättra informationens kvantitet, noggrannhet och färskhet, således även graden av supply chain visibility. Denna studie föreslår att organisationer och regeringar istället bör adressera två parametrar; systemmognad och kapacitet. Tillsammans fångar de två parametrarna hela spektret av faktorer som kan adresseras när man vill öka graden av supply chain visibility. Systemmognad avser utformandet logistikkedjans för att underlätta för bättre informationsutbyte, såsom leveransfrekvensen, val av push- eller pull-system, antal distributionsnivåer eller utformningen av i logistik- och informationshanteringssystemet. Kapaciteten avser den aggregerade förmågan av systemet, vilket bland annat inkluderar; utbildning, träning, kompetens, erfarenheter, arbetsbelastning, och vilja hos individer som arbetar inom logistikkedjan. Genom att använda de två parametrarna som en riktlinje, är tanken att organisationer och regeringar i LMILs kan fånga ett bredare spektrum av möjliga områden som kan adresseras när man syftar till att förbättra nivån på försörjningskedjans synlighet.
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Ndlovu, Bonani. "An analysis of the impact of the Kimberly process certification scheme (KPCS) on national diamond regulattions regimes : the case of Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60076.
Full text
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Ndawana, Tariro. "'The whole nation on one station'? National FM as a case study of radio for indigenous small linguistic communities in Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30346.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an institutional ethnography of National FM as the only PSB radio that broadcasts in all local languages. It examines the feasibility of having one radio station broadcasting in all the indigenous languages of Zimbabwe. Language rights are pivotal in human development and many countries have developed many ways that can be used to promote them. The media have also been used in preservation of language rights (AMARC, 2014). However, many minorities are deprived of their language rights. Previous research in Zimbabwe on small indigenous communities, have looked at general rights and the right to education. Available literature on radio has also studied content and concentrated on Radio Zimbabwe. This thesis explores both the promotion of language rights and the involvement of radio in the preservation of minority languages. It delves into the forces behind the production of local minority languages at National FM. The institutional ethnography encompassed the use of observation, in-depth interviews with sixteen participants and document analysis. It also used content analysis of all programmes that are Barwe, Chikunda, Doma and Hwesa which have the smallest number of speakers in the country (Hachipola, 1998; Magwa, 2008; Ndlovu, 2009). This study proves that National FM is not fully representing all the minority languages. The political economy of the station and sociology of journalism directly affect the production. National FM, like all PSB radio stations in the country has gone commercial. Management is now focusing on generating revenue than promoting language rights. National FM broadcasts in Shona and Ndebele instead of the minority languages. ZBC management consists of Shona and Ndebele speakers and decision making is done by people who are not minority language speakers. Content analysis of the four selected languages indicates that the languages which have been dominated are still marginalized as National FM broadcasts current affairs programmes only for the selected languages. These languages are given very little broadcast time and the programmes are not interactive.
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Skagen, Kristin. "Liberation movements in Southern Africa : the ANC (South Africa) and ZANU (Zimbabwe) compared." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1984.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Liberation movements came into being across the entire African continent as a political response to colonisation. However, Africa has in this field, as in so many others, been largely understudied, in comparison to revolutionary movements in South America and South East Asia. While many case studies on specific liberation movements exist, very few are comparative in nature. This study will do precisely that using the framework of Thomas H. Greene. The resistance movements in South Africa and Zimbabwe, then Rhodesia, consisted of several organisations, but the ones that emerged as the most powerful and significant in the two countries were the ANC and ZANU respectively. Although their situations were similar in many ways, there were other factors that necessarily led to two very different liberation struggles. This study looks closer at these factors, why they were so, and what this meant for the two movements. It focuses on the different characteristics of the movements, dividing these into leadership, support base, ideology, organisation, strategies and external support. All revolutionary movements rely on these factors to varying degrees, depending on the conditions they are operating under. The ANC and ZANU both had to fight under very difficult and different circumstances, with oppressive minority regimes severely restricting their actions. This meant that the non-violent protests that initially were a great influence for the leadership of both movements – especially with the successes of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa and India, inevitably had to give way to the more effective strategies of sabotage and armed struggle. Like other African resistance movements, nationalism was used as the main mobilising tool within the populations. In South Africa the struggle against apartheid was more complex and multidimensional than in Zimbabwe. Ultimately successful in their efforts, the ANC and ZANU both became the political parties that assumed power after liberation. This study does not extend to post-liberation problems.
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Chawatama, Brighton Itayi. "Knowledge-based integration of Zimbabwean traditional medicines into the National Healthcare System: A case study of prostate cancer." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7009.
Full textAbstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MScThis study sought to identify the bottlenecks in the promotion of Zimbabwean Traditional Medicines (ZTMs) towards improving the national healthcare delivery system. The indigenous medicines lost value and recognition to the Conventional Western Medicines introduced by the British colonialist since 1871 and is still dominating the national healthcare delivery system. There are growing challenges to ensure accessibility of affordable drugs especially for primary healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) is in support of re-engaging indigenous medical interventions to achieve the Millennium development goals. Indigenous Traditional Medicine Knowledge-Based Systems (ITMKS) form the basis of the main source of health care for about 80% of the population in the developing countries. The implementation of the Zimbabwe Traditional Medicines Policy (ZTMP) has been at a stand-still since inception in 2007. The research used mixed methods involving qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through desk and field research. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to record perceptions and attitudes of key informants. The stakeholders included Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs), Medical Doctors, Pharmacists, Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ) staff, Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Traditional Medical Practitioner’s Council (TMPC), Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association (Zinatha), Ministry of Health and Childcare, WHO, Higher Education Institutions (UZ School of Pharmacy staff and students), Christian Groups, NGOs and Prostate Cancer Patients in Harare CBD. The stakeholders sampling framework was obtained from the list of registered practitioners. The stakeholder mapping involved selection of 5 key informants from each focus group obtained through random selection. The Snowball sampling technique was used to follow the closest 5 key informants in each focus group. The key findings established that 80% of respondents agreed to the integration of ZTM. The major bottlenecks were lack of modern dosage forms and standardization to determine quality, safety and efficacy of the ZTM. The study suggests that in order to fast track the integration process, a bottom up implementation strategy providing ZTM advocacy, capacity building in the institutionalization and training of ZTMPs, pharmacists and CMP need to be engaged for a favorable and quick buy-in. The study also recommends further analysis of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) areas of specialization in pharmaceutical practice in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Nyathi, Mandla. "The development of social insurance : an analysis of the effects of the introduction of the National Social Security Scheme (NSSS) in Zimbabwe." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7581/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis that I am submitting to the department of Insurance and Investment studies at the City University Business School is essentially a report on the development, formation, operation and effects of the NSSS to the local Zimbabwean market. The NSSS is a quasi- independent government company that operates under the National Social Security Authority (NSSA) whose formation was to provide a framework for the provision of various social security benefits by such organisations as the NSSS. This thesis is divided into three broad parts. The first part draws from an historical experience of the development of social insurance in general and Zimbabwean oldage insurance in particular. This part is the basis of understanding the foundation and philosophy behind the formation and expansion of the social security programmes as strong economic and political tools across the modem world. The second segment of this report is the focus on political and economic theories that seek to explain the existence of social insurance in various economies. The last part of the thesis is a particular study of the Zimbabwean pensions market following the introduction of the NSSS and draws from household survey and original source material that has not previously been subject to analysis. This study has paid particular attention to the forces that have played crucial roles in shaping the development of the NSSS. Contrary to what we expected at the beginning of this study, the NSSS has had little adverse effect to the private schemes and general perception in risk taking behaviour, particularly to the middle class. The NSSS has in fact, had a marginal and effective positive effect in changing people's attitude towards the risk of longevity and long-term loss of income due to perils otherwise insured under the national scheme. This study has also shown that there was inadequate consultation prior to the formation of the NSSS and that political interests took priority over economic considerations. The scepticism and forces of suspicion within the market are explained within the framework of this thesis.
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Eygelaar, Dewald. "Tick-borne haemoparasite prevalence and Theileria parva strain diversity in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from northern Botswana and Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53295.
Full textAbstract:
The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is host for many pathogens known to cause economically
important diseases and is often considered an important reservoir for livestock diseases. Theileriosis,
heartwater, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are considered the most important tick-borne diseases of
livestock in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in extensive economic losses to livestock farmers in
endemic areas. In this study a variety of tick-borne haemoparasites (Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma
and Ehrlichia species) were identified either as mixed or single infections using the reverse line blot
(RLB) hybridization assay from buffalo blood samples in the Chobe National Park (CNP) and
Okavango Delta (OD), Botswana and in the Gonarezhou National Park (GNP), Zimbabwe. Also, a
quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was used to identify Theileria parva more specifically in
both these countries while the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to identify Theileria
parva more specifically in Botswana only. An attempt was made to characterize T. parva through the
size differentiation of p67 genotypes and characterization of the variable regions of T. parva antigen
genes, p104 and PIM, by using semi-nested PCR-RFLP profiles. This is the first report of tick-borne
haemoparasites in northern Botswana and one of only a few from Zimbabwe.
This study identified the following tick-borne haemoparasites: Theileria spp. present, T. parva (60%)
and T. mutans (37%) were the most prevalent in the two wildlife areas from Botswana, while
Theileria sp. (sable) (50%), T. parva (48%) and T. mutans (38%) were most prevalent in GNP,
Zimbabwe. Other species of interest were Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (30%), A. marginale
(20%), Babesia occultans (23%) and Ehrlichia ruminantium (6%) in Botswana and Anaplasma
marginale subsp. centrale (25%) and Babesia occultans (15%) in Zimbabwe. Generally speaking, the
buffalo population in the OD sample had lower levels of haemoparasite infection than the buffalo in
the CNP and GNP, with the exception of Theileria sp. (buffalo) and to a lesser extent Anaplasma sp.
Omatjenne and B. bovis (in the two later cases, where very few positives were detected). Interesting findings included: Anaplasma sp. Omatjenne identified in this study, another research
group identified 16.5% to be positive in their samples, but the parasite was found in very low
concentrations (3.1%) in our study. B. occultans causes a benign form of cattle babesiosis and was
also reported in South Africa by by this research group for the first time. Our study identified 21.1%
samples to be positive compared to the study in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa (50.0%). This
study serves as another report of the presence of these two parasites in buffalo. As in Uganda, the
pathogenic B. bovis has previously been reported to be absent from buffalo in Botswana but were
identified at a low concentration in OD. Similarly, E. ruminantium could be identified in a few CNP
and OD buffalo tested. The significance of buffalo as possible reservoir host of some of these
economically important haemoparasites (i.e. A. marginale, E. ruminantium) remains unknown.
Theileria sp. (sable), which is fatal to sable (Hippotragus niger) and roan antelope (Hippotragus
equinus), but non-pathogenic to buffalo was identified in some of the Botswana and Zimbabwe
buffalo but positive RLB signals might be due to cross reactions of the Theileria sp. (sable) probe
with T. velifera.
Theileriosis is recognized as a major threat to the livestock industry as some members of the genus
may cause severe disease and mortality, whereas others may only cause mild or subclinical infections.
In this study the efficiency of IFAT, qPCR and RLB in identifying T. parva were compared to each
other. qPCR was the most effective (81%) followed by IFAT (74%) and then RLB (60%) in
Botswana. In Zimbabwe, qPCR (70%) identified more samples to be positive than RLB (48%). The
level of agreement between the tests for detection of T. parva positive animals was higher between
qPCR and IFAT (kappa=0.56), than between qPCR and RLB (kappa=0.26) or the latter and IFAT
(kappa=0.15) in Botswana. The kappa agreement between qPCR and RLB in Zimbabwe was 0.27.
The RLB, IFAT and qPCR tests all indicated a high prevalence of T. parva in the study areas. This
indicates a high risk of spreading Corridor disease caused by T. parva from buffalo to cattle by the
vector ticks at the wildlife-livestock interface.
Several T. parva antigen genes have been identified as good candidates for differentiation between
buffalo-derived and cattle-derived T. parva isolates. Some of these genes include: p67, p104 and the
polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM). These genes were amplified in an attempt to
differentiate between buffalo-derived and cattle-derived profiles. Amplification of p67 in this study
led to the identification of three of the four known p67 alleles. Cluster analysis for p104 showed that
samples from Botswana and Zimbabwe clustered together in clade B with themselves and with
samples from Hluhluwe while all samples from the Kruger National Park clustered in clade A with
samples from Ladysmith. The cluster analysis of PIM revealed that samples from this project
(Botswana and Zimbabwe) cluster in four clades, distinct from all samples from South Africa, which,
except for one sample from Hluhluwe, clustered in a single clade. In conclusion, this study highlights the diversity of haemoparasites present in African buffalo from
northern Botswana and Zimbabwe and also the role of African buffalo as a sentinel species for
livestock tick-borne pathogens. Important tick-borne haemoparasites identified in this study included:
T. parva, A. marginale, B. bovis and E. ruminantium. This study reconfirmed that p67 profiles are too
complex and could not be used to distinguish between cattle- and buffalo-derived T. parva isolates.
Mixed infections of p104 and PIM profiles generated by PCR-RFLP analysis were too complex to
successfully differentiate between known profiles. Further cloning and sequencing of single infections
are needed.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
MSc
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Mabweazara, Rangarirai Moira. "Use of social media tools by library staff at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa and the National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4120.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium - MAAcademic libraries in the economically developed countries have taken the lead in adopting and appropriating various social media platforms to enhance services offered to their patrons. However, there are many unanswered questions on how libraries in the economically developing countries of the South, Africa in particular, are using social media in their service delivery, as well as in the personal lives of their librarians. Against this backdrop, this study investigated how librarians at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), South Africa and the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Zimbabwe deploy and appropriate social media technologies. It examined the familiarity, benefits, challenges as well as the factors shaping and constraining the use of social media by academic librarians in the two institutions. In doing so, the study adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Fred Davis (1989) as its conceptual framework. Methodologically, the study deployed a Web-based questionnaire (administered via e-mail) with 59 academic librarians at UWC and 40 academic librarians at NUST. To ensure the validity of the study the questionnaire was pretested among a few librarians at the NUST. The findings of the study show that UWC librarians are more adept at appropriating social media applications than NUST librarians. The study further revealed that UWC librarians are directly in charge of managing social media whereas at NUST the Information Technology (IT) department is responsible for managing the applications. Similarly, while UWC Library largely uses social media for marketing their services, NUST library uses the platforms for reference services. The study also notes that there is a thin line between personal and professional uses of social media. In particular, personal uses of the platforms have a direct influence on their use in work-related contexts. Some of the motivating factors for the use of social media by librarians across both universities are: patron demand, low cost, ease of use and functionality. The study also highlights the factors militating against the effective use social media and recommends that library management for both institutions should put in place supportive policies to encourage their effective use for the benefit of service users.
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Maribha, Sheilla Kudzai. "An evaluation of Zimbabwe's national peace and reconciliation commission Bill, 2017." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6369.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)This is a study of Zimbabwe's National Peace and Reconciliation Commission Bill (hereafter NPRC Bill). The NPRC Bill seeks to bring the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission (hereafter NPRC) of Zimbabwe into operation. The NPRC is a truth commission set to promote post-conflict justice, national peace and reconciliation in Zimbabwe. The study discusses the prospects of establishing an effective NPRC in Zimbabwe by examining the provisions of the NPRC Bill. The view of the paper is that, without proper guidance from a comprehensive law, the NPRC is bound to be a victim of its own failure.
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Farnia, Navid. "National Liberation in an Imperialist World: Race and the U.S. National Security State, 1959-1980." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563474429728204.
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Buard, Élodie. "Dynamiques des interactions espèces - espace : mise en relation des pratiques de déplacement des populations d'herbivores et de l'évolution de l'occupation du sol dans le parc de Hwange (Zimbabwe)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010606/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les parcs nationaux ont pour mission de protéger les ressources naturelles, la faune et la flore. Cependant certaines de ces ressources diminuent, notamment en raison des populations animales qui fréquentent certains lieux de manière récurrente. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en place une démarche pour identifier les interactions entre les pratiques de déplacement des populations d'herbivores et l'occupation du sol. Nous avons appliqué cette démarche aux éléphants, zèbres et buffles du parc national de Hwange (Zimbabwe). La démarche proposée combine des notions écologiques, géographiques et géomatiques. Dans un premier temps, nous identifions des lieux de pratiques spatiales récurrentes des populations animales, appelés lieux de fréquentation (lieux de passages. lieux de séjours), à partir de diverses sources de données: comptages d'animaux et suivis GPS. La méthode repose sur une application des concepts de la Time Geography pour construire des trajectoires de groupes d'animaux. Cette construction permet d'estimer la pression potentielle exercée par les animaux sur l'occupation du sol. Dans un second temps, les lieux de changements significatifs de l'occupation du sol sont repérés à partir de données de télédétection. Enfin, les lieux de fréquentation et les lieux de changements de l'occupation du sol sont mis en relation. Les résultats révèlent une grande complémentarité des sources de données et mettent en évidence des liens variés entre les populations animales et l'occupation du sol, selon les espèces, les périodes de temps et les zones étudiéesNational parks aim at protecting natural resources, including fauna and flora. However, some of these resources are depleting, particularly due to animal populations that converge regularly in certain places. In that context, the objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to identify interactions between movement practices of herbivore populations and land cover. We apply this approach to elephants, zebras and buffaloes of the Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe). The proposed approach combines notions from ecology, geography and geomatics. First, we identify places where spatial practices of populations are recurrent. These places are called places of convergence composed of high-density paths and stops. Diverse data sources are analyzed: animal counts and GPS tracks. The last is used to construct trajectories of animals based on concepts from Time Geography. This construction enables us to estimate the potential pressure applied by animals on land cover. Second, places where land cover has changed are extracted from remote sensing data. Last, we study the links between places of converge of populations and places of land cover changes. The results point out that data sources are complementary. They underline different types of links between animal populations and land cover, according to the species considered, the time periods and the studied areas
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Katungu, Wisdom. "The contribution of social entrepreneurship in meeting the needs of orphans in the Mberengwa district, Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40370.
Full textAbstract:
Since the turn of the millennium, Zimbabwe has witnessed a raft of socio-economic and political problems characterised by hyper-inflation; shortage of basic commodities; dwindling fiscal reserves; ballooning domestic and foreign debt; falling standard of living and high levels of migration. The devastating effects of the Aids pandemic have not helped the situation. With estimates indicating that there are more than million orphaned children, social security programmes have been overstretched resulting in the State failing to adequately provide for the needs of these orphans in the country. It is against this background that the study sought to explore the community level initiatives that communities are taking to meet the needs of orphans through community based programmes. The goal of the study was to explore the contribution of social entrepreneurship in meeting the needs of orphans in the Mberengwa district, Zimbabwe.
The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. The study was exploratory and the type of research was applied. The collective case study design was utilised. A total of twenty participants took part in the study; including six children who were benefiting from the income generating projects, four key informants who work closely with the projects as well as ten villagers who were involved in the day to day running of the projects. The participants were selected from two villages that have the projects benefiting orphans. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected from the children and key informants by way of interviews and from the villagers through focus group discussions.
The findings show that the government of Zimbabwe lacks capacity to meet the needs of orphans due to the socio-economic and political challenges and as a result, communities in Mberengwa district have taken the initiative to care for the orphans in their area through income generating projects. The income generating projects are social entrepreneurial ventures in that they aim at generating profits which are channelled towards meeting the needs of the orphans. Through the income generating projects, the orphans in Mberengwa district are able to access their needs which include food, education, clothing, shelter, birth registration and protection from abuse. Findings also indicated that in the Mberengwa district, orphan care is viewed as a community, rather than individual responsibility. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the communities in Mberengwa have inherent strengths which make it possible for them to work together in achieving common objectives. Consequently, their social ties and close social relations enable them to work together to deal with problems confronting them collectively. vi
projects benefiting orphans. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected from the children and key informants by way of interviews and from the villagers through focus group discussions.
The findings show that the government of Zimbabwe lacks capacity to meet the needs of orphans due to the socio-economic and political challenges and as a result, communities in Mberengwa district have taken the initiative to care for the orphans in their area through income generating projects. The income generating projects are social entrepreneurial ventures in that they aim at generating profits which are channelled towards meeting the needs of the orphans. Through the income generating projects, the orphans in Mberengwa district are able to access their needs which include food, education, clothing, shelter, birth registration and protection from abuse. Findings also indicated that in the Mberengwa district, orphan care is viewed as a community, rather than individual responsibility. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the communities in Mberengwa have inherent strengths which make it possible for them to work together in achieving common objectives. Consequently, their social ties and close social relations enable them to work together to deal with problems confronting them collectively.
It was concluded that income generating projects based on social entrepreneurial principles are a critical poverty alleviation and social protection mechanism for orphans in the Mberengwa communities as they lead to meeting their needs and furthermore, alleviate social problems in the community. In order to respond to the gap created by the government’s lack of capacity to care for the orphans, social entrepreneurship through income generating projects can be utilised to achieve social protection and poverty alleviation goals more so in the country’s quest to meet the Millennium Development Goals.
Recommendations include the need to review the legal and policy framework governing the care and protection of orphans in the country to include community-based programmes. Furthermore, it is recommended to strengthen traditional orphan care structures in facilitating income generating projects based on social entrepreneurial principles as they have the propensity to help meet the needs of orphans at the community level.Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted