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1
Warren, Richard. "Tacitus and nationalism in nineteenth-century art." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9502/.
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In the nineteenth century artists patronised by national, imperial and aristocratic elites in Europe turned to Tacitus and other classical sources for inspiration in defining the national and ethnic ideal of these patrons. This is a phenomenon that was particularly evident in the German-speaking countries of central Europe, where the figure of Arminius from Tacitus' Annals was represented in many different artistic media, from painting to monumental sculpture. In the German states themselves depictions often followed a similar prescription, which took their inspiration from the plays of Freidrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Heinrich von Kleist, which dramatised the victory of Arminius (or 'Hermann') over Quinctilius Varus and his Roman army. The national context of the time was complicated by the process of unification and the reach of German language and culture beyond the borders of what was in the later century united in the new German Reich. Use was also made of figures drawn from Tacitus in nineteenth-century Britain. In this thesis I also examine how Boadicea and Calgacus were employed in national and local contexts during a period when Britain's imperial power was at its height. It is shown that here too the approach taken by artists to their subject matter in a nationalist context was not always predictable. Examining both central Europe and Britain it compares different case studies, to demonstrate something of the flexibility possible in the treatment of an – at first sight – straightforward theme from classical literature. It will also be explored how the political and artistic contexts of the respective periods in which artists lived variously affected – or did not affect - their treatment of the themes. The extent to which one can analyse their individual portrayals as 'nationalist', or under the influence of 'nationalist' themes, is explored.
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Miller, Elizabeth M. "Nationalism and the birth of modern art in Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:84002959-dc3e-40ad-90b3-f9efcc8846f6.
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This dissertation covers the emergence of a tradition of the fine arts in Egypt during the first half of the twentieth century and its relationship to discourses of nationalism. Taking as a starting point the canon of the ‘pioneer’ generation as it is defined in the historiography, I follow the careers of the sculptor Mahmud Mukhtar and the painters Ragheb ‘Ayyad, Muhammad Nagi, and Mahmud Sa‘id, each of whom is treated in a full chapter. Narratives surrounding the life and work of these artists have tended to emphasize the ways in which the images they created participated in the definition of a single cohesive nation – through the use of Pharaonic imagery, which anchors the nation in a distant past, through rural symbolism, which ties the nation to the land and the Nile, and through a female iconography that links the nation to ideas of virtue and purity – what I term here, following Timothy Mitchell and Homi Bhabha, a pedagogical narrative of the nation. However, I suggest that the process of imagining the nation as a unified whole necessarily involves a negotiation of difference, sometimes that of the peasant or the woman who pose a challenge to the assumption of an unproblematic national collectivity, sometimes that of the artists themselves, who, for reasons of foreign education, religion, or social identity, are unable to fully identify with definitions of the nation that were themselves constantly contested. This negotiation of difference – what Mitchell has termed the performative - and how it appears within works of visual art, constitutes the main subject of this dissertation.
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Seter, Ronit. "Yuvalim be-Israel : nationalism in Jewish-Israeli art music, 1940-2000 /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40050015j.
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Adelpour, Adam. "Art, nationalism and a ‘once in a lifetime crisis of capitalism’." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14348.
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Amid the economic fallout that has followed the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, governments in badly effected countries have often sought to heighten exclusionary forms of nationalism as a palliative for worsening social conditions. The studio art project that accompanies this dissertation responds critically to exclusionary nationalism in Australia, particularly as it is embodied in the Federal Government’s punitive treatment of asylum seekers. This dissertation employs a Marxist analysis to demonstrate the links between the global context and these local issues, and to examine the relationship between art and political agency implied in such a studio project. This reveals the potential for a reciprocal relationship between working class agency and anti-nationalist art practices. However, this potential exists alongside a danger; the critical power of contemporary art may be denuded through its incorporation into the ideological order it aims to oppose. Such an examination of art and agency is not new, but is key to situating and assessing my own studio project within with the economic, political and social polarisation characterising the current intractable crisis of capitalism.
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Grewatz, Abby. "Folk Art, Nationalism, and Identity in a Kyiv, Ukraine Souvenir Market." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17901.
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Since the collapse of the USSR independent Ukraine has used politics and culture to define a separate national identity, in contrast to Russia. Through a performance studies lens I describe Kyiv's largest souvenir market, Andriyivsky Uzviz, and place it in the context of nationalism and cultural promotion. I draw on Conquergood who situates the performing of culture at the intersection of history and identity, and Kapchan who notes that markets are key sites where ethnic identity is defined within sociopolitical frameworks. While profit and customer demand are important to vendors in the Uzviz, Ukrainianness is consciously emphasized through their folk art items. Vendors wear national costume, sell "traditional" Ukrainian items, and explicitly identify as Ukrainian, not Russian. Through one Uzviz folk artist I illustrate vendors' use of folk arts to express Ukrainian cultural identity and show how the market is a microcosm of the larger nationalist movement in Ukraine.
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Antrobus, Pauline. "Peruvian art of the Patria Nueva, 1919-1930." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361029.
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Sethness, Maria Ángeles. "El costumbrismo pictórico y literario español : de la ilustración al romanticismo /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8292.
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Rasmussen, Goloubeva Irina. "Between colonialism and nationalism : art, history, and politics in James Joyce's Ulysses /." Uppsala : Department of English, Uppsala University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8273.
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Zimmerman, Linda Marie. "Representation of Stonehenge in British art, 1300-1900 : antiquity, ideology, and nationalism /." Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation services, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400869002.
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Van, der Watt Liese. "Art, gender ideology and Afrikaner nationalism : a history of the Voortrekker Monument tapestries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18377.
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Bibliography: pages 112-119.This dissertation considers the role both verbal and visual culture played in the growth and articulation of Afrikaner nationalism. For this reason it focuses not only on the central topic under discussion, namely the Voortrekker tapestries, but also on the discourses that informed the production of these tapestries and the circumstances surrounding the decision to commission them. The Voortrekker tapestries were commissioned in 1952 by the Vrou-en Moederbeweging van die A1XV (Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorweё en Hawens) and presented to the Voortrekker Monument in 1960. It was decided that the tapestries should depict the Great Trek of 1838 and, due to his widely acclaimed status as an authority on visual representations of Afrikaner history and culture, the artist WH Coetzer was approached to be the designer of the tapestries. But Coelzer's version of the Great Trek of 1838 perpetuates many popular myths about the Afrikaner past and, in examining this version, I have identified certain discourses as being influential. For example, the role of Gustav Preller in the formation of Coetzer's historical consciousness; the precedent set by the 1938 centenary celebrations of the Great Trek for later verbal and visual depictions of the Great Trek; the period 1948 to 1952, marked by significant historical events such as the triumph of the National Party, the inauguration of the Voortrekker Monument and the tercentenary Van Riebeeck celebrations and, finally, the rolevolksmoeder ideology played in shaping Coetzer's vision of the Great Trek. Drawing on these discourses, I proceed to examine the iconography of the Voortrekker tapestries. A number of themes in the tapestries are identified and elucidated with reference to a range of contemporary theoretical writings. Finally, the dissertation moves beyond a consideration of the iconography of the tapestries, investigating instead the status of needlework. I argue that the gender ideology embedded in the production of the tapestries is parallel1ed in the historically sanctioned separation of 'art' from 'craft'. Just as 'craft' has been marginalised in relation to 'art', so the Voortrekker tapestries and, with them, the women who made the tapestries, were marginalised in the public spheres which were inhabited and controlled by Afrikaner men.
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HIRSH, JACOB. "Wild Country: Australian masculinity from the frontier to the social front." Thesis, Sydney College of the Arts, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20105.
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Schoeber, Felix. "Modernity, nationalism and global marginalisation : representing the nation in contemporary Taiwanese art exhibitions." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2014. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yv7y/modernity-nationalism-and-global-marginalisation-representing-the-nation-in-contemporary-taiwanese-art-exhibitions.
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This thesis describes and analyses the development of the most prestigious large- scale exhibitions of the Taipei Fine Arts Museums from its opening in 1983 until 2009, concentrating on the Trends of Modern Art in the R.O.C. series of the 1980s , the introduction of the Taipei Biennial in 1992, and the Taiwan Pavilion in Venice from 1995 until 2009. Its focus lies on the transformation of the museum space and the status of the work of art. Several threads of questions run through this thesis: an attempt to analyse and illuminate the specific modernity and its inherent contradictions that characterized the museum space; the specific status of the object of art (and the artist) within the museum space; and lastly the image of the nation and its transformations as it is projected through these exhibitions. The first part of this thesis concentrates on how modernism was enacted in the first museum of modern and contemporary art in Taiwan (and one of the first in Asia), how a Chinese modernism was anointed through the exhibitionary system, and how this was challenged and finally abolished in favour of a new exhibitionary system, the Taipei Biennial. This part also analyses the rupture between those two exhibitions, and how the latter inaugurated a new and different status of the work of art, not merely an aesthetic object, but an element of a cultural narrative and discourse. The second part of the thesis shifts its focus on how the work of art was re-framed through the discourse of Taiwanese identity. Using as a starting point the writings of Benedict Anderson, the idea of the nation as a universe or microcosm of knowledge is used to describe a new pattern of representation of the nation that emerged since 1995, with the inauguration of the Taiwan Pavilion at the Venice Biennale. This part of the thesis concentrates on how this new and pluralist pattern of nationalism was created, repeated, and re-confirmed, but also re-written over the years, projecting an archetypical image of an “imagined community” or a microcosm of knowledge of the nation, rooted in the past, projected into the future, and centred around a synthesis of the nature of its territory and the urban experience of the capital. The third part of the thesis describes how the subaltern position of local artists and curators in relation to the museum have re-shaped their analysis of the nation, and how the notion of centrality of the nation was de-constructed once the question of the voice of a nation, but most of all of its curators and artists within a globalised world came to the fore.
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NURRE, ANASTASIA Christine. "REFLECTIONS OF IDENTITY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONALISTIC ATTITUDE IN SIXTEENTH CENTURY NETHERLANDISH ART." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092692920.
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Cooley, Kristin Nicole. "The 1889 and 1900 Paris Universal Expositions: French masculine nationalism and the American response." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278775.
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Universal expositions of the later nineteenth century were opportunities for the host country to reinforce its sense of nationalism and to showcase its technological progress or, read differently, the progress of man. This thesis examines nationhood as defined in terms of masculinity at the 1889 Paris Universal Exposition, which demonstrated French technological, colonial, and artistic superiority over all other nations. This superiority was trumpeted not just through architecture and colonial exhibits, but also through criticism of other countries' artwork, particularly painting and sculpture from the United States. Also discussed is the reaction of American artists to the criticism received in 1889 by producing art at the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition that resonated with masculinity, thereby projecting an enhanced national identity in fine art.
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Hammers, Roslyn Lee. "The production of good government : images of agrarian labor in Southern Song (1127-1279) and Yuan (1272/79-1368) China /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3057957.
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Aceves, Sepúlveda Gabriela. "Art and possibility : from nationalism to neoliberalism. The cultural interventions of Banamex and Televisa." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31348.
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This thesis will take issue with Citibank's purchase of Banamex and its art collection in
2001 as a point of departure to discuss how legislation on national patrimony is changing as
Mexico opens up the cultural sector to foreign and private ownership. I will contextualize this
change through a review of Banamex and Televisa involvement in the cultural field since the late
1960s.
I will also examine how the adoption of neoliberal economic measures has encouraged the
participation of the private sector and the shift from a state funding system towards a model of
transnational corporate philanthropy. In this context, I will argue that the emergence of corporate
philanthropy in Mexico is a direct result of the re-distribution of finance capital that accompanied
Mexico's neoliberal turn.
For most part of the twentieth century, the Mexican state was the sole sponsor and
manager of cultural matters. This funding system began to change in the late 1960s when private
citizens and corporations began to invest more openly in the arts as the one-party-rule of the
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) began to decline. In the late 1990s as Mexico integrated to
the global economy, a need to update this form of management became urgent. Encouraged by the
possibility to democratize and decentralize the state's funding system, new state cultural
apparatuses that promoted private intervention were established. However, within the framework
of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), these newly formed state institutions did
not legislate in favor of protectionist measures in the cultural field and rather opted to continue
espousing a nationalist rhetoric (without a legal backing) while opening up the sponsoring and
ownership of culture and national patrimony to an increasingly transnational private sector. This
situation gave rise to debates about the privatization of culture, the inefficient legislation in
cultural patrimony, and most importantly, the new role that the state should adopt in handling
cultural matters as Mexico's political environment moved towards a democracy aligned to
neoliberal economics. I will address how Banamex and Televisa, two of the first corporations to
invest in culture and develop cultural foundations, became protagonists in these debates.Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Dudley, Helen Marah. "Italianità and toscanità, nationalism and regionalism in the art of Ardengo Soffici, 1907-1938." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36023.pdf.
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Brown, Swan Coree Anne. "Art of the possible : framing self-government in Scotland and Flanders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31375.
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Sub-state nationalist parties mobilised and saw an increase in electoral support in the 1960s and 1970s. A heterogeneous group of parties, they are united by their claims upon the state in favour of self-government. However, sub-state nationalist parties advance a variety of goals, ranging from more moderate forms of recognition and cultural or political autonomy, to more radical restructuring of the state along federal lines, to even more radical demands for political independence. The language, content, and arguments in favour of these goals varies - both between parties and within individual parties - over time. As a result, we know less than we should about self-government goals themselves. This research asks two core questions. Firstly, what do sub-state nationalist parties want? And more importantly, operating from the assumption that sub-state nationalist parties are strategic actors, how do their goals reflect strategic considerations, understanding of the contexts in which they are expressed, and their historical positions? By comparing three cases, a third question can be explored, assessing the ways in which variation in the empirical contexts in which these goals are articulated may manifest in variation in the framing of self-government goals. In this research, I argue the self-government goal presented by a given sub-state nationalist party can be considered a reflection of the 'art of the possible', a pragmatic articulation of what might be achieved under a system of constraints rather than the single-minded pursuit of self-government, regardless of its costs and consequences. In order to fully capture the complexity of self-government goals and the contexts in which they are expressed, three case studies, in two territorial contexts, are studied in depth. The first is the Scottish National Party, which seeks political independence for Scotland. The other two are parties which emerged in Flanders, the Volksunie, which existed between 1954 and 2001, and its successor, the Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie. These cases represent some of the most successful sub-state nationalist parties, both in electoral terms, particularly in recent years, and arguably in making progress towards their self-government goals.
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Hellman, Michel. "Art, identité et Expo 67 : l'expression du nationalisme dans les oeuvres des artistes québécois du Pavillon de la Jeunesse à l'Exposition universelle de Montréal." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98928.
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This thesis will examine the relationship between art, nationalism and identity as it appears in the context of the 1967 Montreal Universal Exposition. "Expo 67" saw a confrontation between Canadian and Quebecois expressions of nationalism, and we will concentrate on this aspect as it appears through the artistic representations in the different national pavilions.We will also look into the artworks presented by young Quebecois artists in the more marginal "Youth Pavilion" situated on Ile Sainte-Helene, and will explain how this new generation of artists was able to take advantage of the particular context of the Universal Exhibition in order to implement its own concept of national identity, an identity closely related to popular culture, and thus very different from the image projected by the Quebecois elite of the time.
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Doukas, Emmanuel. "Modern art, criticism and the politics of national identity in Germany, 1890-1914." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361036.
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Correa-Calleja, Elka Margarita. "Nationalisme et modernisme à travers l'oeuvre de Mahmud Mukhtar (1891-1934)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3118.
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Cette recherche porte sur la vie et l’œuvre de Mahmûd Mukhtâr, gloire de l’art égyptien, dont le travail prit naissance à une époque où les débats autour de l’identité nationale constituaient un enjeu crucial pour la construction de la nation moderne. En Égypte, l’idée de mettre en place un art figuratif se développa parallèlement au déploiement du pharaonisme - un courant historiciste proche du nationalisme territorial, dans lequel l’idée centrale était que la géographie était le facteur déterminant de l’histoire de l’Égypte. Dans l’historiographie de l’art égyptien, l’on a d’abord considéré l’art figuratif arabe comme en « décalage chronologique ». Si cette idée s’étendit aussi fortement, c’est parce qu’au début du XXe siècle, la modernité trouve l’une de ses expressions les plus importantes dans l’art des « avant-gardes » européennes. Mais, en réalité, au lendemain de la Grande Guerre, il émerge un mouvement de réaction favorable au retour à l’ordre classique. On qualifia dès lors de « modernistes », les œuvres d’art qui se trouvaient à mi-chemin entre ces deux tendances : le retour à l’ordre et les « avant-gardes ». C’est précisément dans ce contexte que se situe l’œuvre de Mukhtâr. De ce fait, l’objectif principal de cette thèse sera de replacer la production artistique de Mukhtâr dans les débats de son temps et de la comparer avec celle de ses collèges européens, pour remettre en question l’idée selon laquelle, l’art égyptien de l’entre-deux-guerres aurait eu un certain « retard » sur l’art européenThis thesis is about the life and works of Mahmûd Mukhtâr, glory of Egyptian art, at a time where the debates around national identity are crucial for the construction of the modern nation. In Egypt, the idea of creating figurative art was linked to the development of Pharaonism – a historicist trend close to territorial nationalism, in which the central idea was that geography was the determining factor in Egyptian history.Egyptian historiography, starts considering that Arab figurative art was in “delay” compared with that of Europe. The reason for the development of this idea was that at the beginning of the XXth Century, modernity found one of its most important expressions in European “avant-gardes”.But, in reality, after the Great War, a reactionary movement emerged. This trend favored the return to classical order, which was an art closer to Academism and figuration. We qualify as modernists, those works of art that are between these two tendencies: the return to classical order and the “avant-gardes”. It is precisely in this context where we can place Mukhtâr’s work. In this sense, the main objective of this dissertation is to compare Mukhtâr’s artistic production, with that of his European colleagues, in order to reconsider the idea of “delay” of Egyptian art created during the interwar period
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Yoka, Lia. "The Artist, 1910-1912, 1914 : a modern Greek art journal; sincerity as an aspect of the culture of intellectuals." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365026.
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Dusza, Erin M. "Epic Significance: Placing Alphonse Mucha's Czech Art in the Context of Pan-Slavism and Czech Nationalism." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/103.
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Alphonse Mucha is primarily known for his early career producing Parisian Art Nouveau posters. However in 1910, Mucha left Paris to return to his home in the Czech lands where he concentrated on creating works for his country. Unfortunately, the later part of his career receives little to no attention in most art history books. His collection, The Slav Epic, represents ideas of Pan-Slavism, patriotism, and national identity. A leading scholar of national identity was Johann Gottfried Herder, a Czech sympathizer who influenced writers such as Jan Kollár and the historian František Palacký. Mucha’s works provided a visual representation of national identity and collective history specifically called for by these scholars. This thesis seeks to shed light on the late works of this artist, tracing the ever-present Slavonic influences, and also to place them in context within Czech Nationalism and Pan-Slavism in order to establish their historical significance.
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Chen, Karen Y. "Constructing Historical Truth: An Examination of the Chinese Art Market As A Reflection of China’s Concerted but Conflicted Contemporary Reconciliation with its Problematic Past." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/877.
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This paper examines the connection between art and nationalism in Chinese culture and asserts that the recent market boom and price jump in Chinese fine art reflects a concerted yet conflicted effort by the Chinese government and Chinese society as a whole to reconcile with a problematic twentieth-century past. The paper first delves into the historical practice of utilizing art to construct political narratives though Ming-Qing dynasties before examining how antiquarianism was utilized by Mao Zedong himself and by the modern day Chines Communist Party.
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Valenzuela-Sliger, Jennifer R. "Imaging the other representations of national identity in Mexican modern art /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442866.
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Roy, Nina Tamara. "Harvest of memories : national identity and primitivism in French and Russian art, 1888-1909." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37827.
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This dissertation analyses the convergence of primitivism and nationalism in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century French and Russian art. The discourse of primitivism has yielded a number of critical studies focusing on the artistic appropriation of aesthetics derived from "tribal" arts, Asian arts, medieval icons, outsider art, and peasant arts and crafts. Within that scholarship, modern European art that appropriates the aesthetics of folk arts and themes of the peasantry is frequently considered to be representative of national identity and myth. The artistic elucidation of the peasantry as emblematic of national identity combined with their incorporation into primitivism produces a tension that complicates the conventional, binary structure of the discourse. It is therefore necessary to examine artistic expressions of national myth and the peasantry's absorption into the primitivist discourse, as this indicates a critical point at which issues of nationalism and primitivism converge. In the cultural realm, that juncture is located in the artistic idealisation of peasant cultures, which is indicative of a mythical state of being from which national identity could be rearticulated.The myth of the peasantry as developed in nineteenth century European thought centres around the premise that rural populations were an unchanging element of society whose traditional customs, religious beliefs, and modes of production contrasted sharply with the accelerated changes in urban culture. A critical examination of selected paintings by the French artist Paul Gauguin (1848--1903), the Russian Neoprimitivist Natalia Goncharova (1881--1962), and the French Fauve painter Othon Friesz (1879--1949) within their specific, social contexts reveals the ways in which the modern, artistic maintenance of the rural myth elucidates current political and social issues of nationalism. This underscores the peasantry's symbolism within the nation as representative of a national, collective consciousness and ancestry. The peasantry's incorporation into the primitivist discourse and the cultural articulation of the rural myth are revealed in the paintings The Vision After the Sermon (1888), Yellow Christ (1889), Fruit Harvest (1909), and Autumn Work (1908). The paintings and their respective social contexts situate the peasantry both as constructions within the primitivist discourse and symbols of national identity, thereby disrupting the structure of alterity upon which primitivism is predicated.
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Grance, Heather Anne. "Style and the Art of Chaim Soutine: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Geography in the Critical Reception and Historiography." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5324/.
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This thesis argues that art criticism published during Soutine's lifetime emphasizes ethnicity, nationalism and geography in discussions of the artist's style. These critical discussions have influenced the historiography of Soutine published after his death, resulting in a continued emphasis on style that includes references to ethnicity. Ethnicity, nationalism and geography are identified in the critical reception and historiography by noting references, both specific and implied, to Jewishness, French art, and foreign status (among others). These references are analyzed in terms of existing scholarship that addresses concepts of ethnicity and nationalism, and with consideration to how the critical reception has impacted the historiography.
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Gonzalez, Jonathan Amado. "The Nation's Shadow: The Politicization of Fryderyk Chopin." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1595844478422561.
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McKinnon, Ann Marie. "The death drive, Cronenberg, Ondaatje, Gould." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60325.pdf.
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Strydom, Colijn. "Inverting sacrifice : an exploration of Wim Botha’s Premonition of war : scapegoat in relation to gender and nationalism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1732.
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Thesis (MA (VA)(Visual Arts))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.This investigation draws on theories of sacrifice to explore Wim Botha’s sculpture Premonition of War: Scapegoat in relation to nationalist and patriarchal thought. Since the artist deals with myth, his approach is discussed in terms of Barthes’ formulation of myth as a meta-language. It is maintained that Botha is using a meta-mythical language to deconstruct the narratives he deals with. Sacrifice is seen as an act that binds communities together but that also separates them from threats (Nancy Jay 1992:17). It is argued that the crucifix has been used as symbol of sacrifice to denote immortality, and that this over-emphasis of continuity has been to the detriment of those that do not fall within the boundaries of the “same” as defined by white men. The incorporation and exclusion of the feminine into male structures are discussed, as well as the role that institutionalised religious thought has played in South African Nationalism. An interpretation of Scapegoat using Freud and Žižek seems to point to the necessary compromise made by the Church with the dualisms it has created between its definitions of good and evil. Nietzsche’s conception of sacrifice as a system of debt when applied to the Scapegoat also seems to point to a contradiction inherent within it, since Botha’s inversion puts into question the idea of a gift given outside of a creditor/debtor system. The burnt appearance of the Scapegoat appears to indicate that the attempt to sacrifice the act of sacrifice is futile, since sacrifice eternally returns. However, the “pure gift”, or don pur that Derrida writes of, seems to point to a way beyond dialectics, towards a morality freed from duty.
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McIntyre, Sophie. "Imagining Taiwan : the making and the museological representation of art in Taiwan's quest for identity (1987-2010)." Phd thesis, Australian National University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155980.
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This thesis probes and analyses the critical role of art in the shaping of Taiwan's national identity during the period 1987-2010. With the rise of democratisation and national identity consciousness (bentu yishi), Taiwan's quest for national identity intensified after the lifting of martial law in 1987. The thesis challenges the view that art has played an inconsequential role in this identity discourse by demonstrating that artists, curators and art museums have significantly contributed towards the processes of identity formation, particularly during the peak period of the early-mid 1990s. Focusing on the nature and extent of the contribution of artists, curators and art museums to Taiwan's quest for identity, the thesis explores how national identity narratives were imagined, interpreted, projected and transmitted, nationally and internationally, through the production, selection and exhibition of art from Taiwan. Structurally, the thesis contextualizes each socio-political period, providing the backdrop for a series of case studies. These demonstrate how artists, curators and art museums became active agents in the processes of national identity formation, not only promoting but also critiquing and contesting identity narratives revolving around the concept of a 'Taiwan nation'. Given that national identities are relational and fluid constructs, the thesis reveals how identity discourses in art had diminished in significance by the early twenty-first century when globalisation, the rise of China, and art market forces transformed identity discourses in art from a Taiwan-centred narrative into one embracing not only regional and global perspectives but, most critically, dialogue and exchange with China.
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Cassidy, Donna. "The painted music of America in the works of Arthur G. Dove, John Marin, and Joseph Stella: an aspect of cultural nationalism." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38014.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The music-painting analogy had a pervasive influence on American early modernist art criticism, theory, and painting. Music became an aesthetic model and a theme in painting, and, for some artists and critics, music, particularly jazz and "noise music," expressed the energy of modern America. This dissertation addresses these aspects of the music-painting analogy, using Arthur G. Dove, John Marin, and Joseph Stella as case studies.
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Boe, Jeffrey L. "Painting Puertorriqueñidad: The Jíbaro as a Symbol of Creole Nationalism in Puerto Rican Art before and after 1898." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4290.
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In the three decades surrounding the Spanish-American war (1880-1910), three prominent Puerto Rican artists, Francisco Oller (1833-1917), Manuel E. Jordan (1853-1919), and Ramón Frade (1875-1954) created a group of paintings depicting "el jíbaro," the rural Puerto Rican farm worker, in a way that can be appropriately labeled "nationalistic." Using a set of motifs involving clothes, customs, domestic architecture and agricultural practices unique to rural Puerto Rico, they contributed to the imagination of a communal identity for creoles at the turn of the century. ("Creole" here refers to individuals of Spanish heritage, born on the island of Puerto Rico.) This set of shared symbols provided a visual dimension to the aspirational nationalism that had been growing within the creole community since the mid- 1800s. This creollismo mythified the agrarian laborer as a prototypical icon of Puerto Rican identity. By identifying themselves as jíbaros, Puerto Rican creoles used jíbaro self-fashioning as a way to define their community as unique vis a vis the colonial metropolis (first Spain, later the United States). In this thesis, I will examine works by Oller, Jordan and Frade which employ jíbaro motifs to engage this creollismo. They do so by painting the jíbaro himself, his culture and surroundings, the fields in which he worked, and the bohío hut which was his home. Together, these paintings form a body of jíbaro imagery which I will contextualize, taking into account both the historical circumstances of jíbaro life, as well as the ways in which signifiers of jibarismo began to gain resonance amongst creoles who did not strictly belong to the jíbaro class. The resulting study demonstrates the importance of the mythified jíbaro figure to the project of imagining Puerto Rican creole society as a nation, and the extent to which visual culture participated in this creative process.
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Ruin, Otto. "Den svenske samtidskritikern : Historicitet, nationalism och svenskhet i Richard Berghs måleri och konstteoretiska skrifter." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182783.
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Denna uppsats undersöker hur svensk konst och den svenska konstnären formuleras i Richard Berghs konstteoretiska skrifter och måleri. Utgångspunkten är den mediala debatt som pågått under 2010-talet om svenska värden och deras innebörd. Blickarna har i denna debatt ofta riktat sig mot nationalromantiken som stilbildande för att kategorisera en reaktionär och nationalistisk föreställning om vad som är svenskt. Däremot har försvaret av nationalromantiken alltid problematiserat begreppet, mycket utifrån den väldokumenterade politiska radikalism som många av sekelskiftes konstnärer hade. Uppsatsen vill visa genom Ludmilla Jordanova begrepp periodic feel, att betraktelsen av nationalromantisk konst ofta görs utifrån vissa föreställda politiska värden. Genom att betrakta Berghs verk bortom denna diskursiva debatt vill uppsatsen visa hur Bergh formulerar det svenska som en djup form av samtidskritik. På så sätt intar det svenska en estetisk politisk form bortom reaktion och revolution och ser istället åt samtiden. Det svenska formuleras hos Bergh som något som måste ständigt omgestaltas mot tidens utveckling och måste anpassa sig därefter. När konsten är samtida och rotad i den nationella självkänslan, uppstår således sann och livskraftig konst enligt Bergh.
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Kauff, Rachel. "Not a country at all." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5530.
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Slingting, Allison. "German Nationalism and the Allegorical Female in Karl Friedrich Schinkel's The Hall of Stars." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3170.
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In this thesis I consider Karl Friedrich Schinkel's The Hall of Stars in the Palace of the Queen of the Night (1813), a set design of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute), in relation to female audiences during a time of Germanic nationalism. Although Schinkel is customarily known as the great modern architect of Germany, his work as a set designer is exceedingly telling of his feelings toward the political and geographical unification of the Germanic regions. Through his set designs, Schinkel successfully used the influential space of the theatre to articulate not only nationalism, but positive female empowerment in his allegorical depiction of woman. However, the popularity of the theatre as an educational tool for women during the early nineteenth-century has remained largely overlooked. Additionally, the evil nature of the Queen of the Night in Emanuel Schikaneder's libretto has made the differentiation of Schinkel's positive figural interpretation essentially unnoticed. Though scholars have addressed Schinkel's aesthetic in terms of nationalism, the incorporation of allegorical women into his work and their responsibilities within this movement remains understudied. This thesis discusses the vision of nationalism as not necessarily an ideology of politics, but rather an ideology of religion and a unified culture. Through the German Romantic notion of the Eternal Feminine and the expanding study of maternal feminism, this thesis discusses the acknowledgement of the encouraging roles of women morally, spiritually, and nationalistically during a significant political time in Germany's history. Additionally, discussion of the theatre as a popular nationalistic institution for education allowed Schinkel's design for Die Zauberflöte to specifically engage and connect female viewers with nationalism. I attempt to show how all of these contextual ideologies were expressed through the allegorical female. Furthermore, in recognition of female viewers through allegory, Schinkel's The Hall of Stars expressed an empowerment of the feminine role within the drive for national unification.
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Ignatidou, Artemis. "Four short (hi)stories of a 19th century Greek-European musical interaction, and the cultural outcomes thereof." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16094.
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The thesis investigates the impact of western art music ('classical') upon the construction of Greek-European identity in the 19th century. Through the examination of institutions such as the Theatre of Athens that hosted the Italian opera for the better part of the 19th century, the Conservatory of Athens (1873), the Conservatory of Thessaloniki (1914), various 19th century literary societies, press content, scores, publications on music, and state regulations on education, the thesis utilizes both musical, as well as extra-musical material to construct a cultural and social history of Greece's understanding of the 'European' in relation to local Greek society through music between 1840 and 1914. At the same time, it highlights the importance of transnational institutional and interpersonal musical networks between Greece and Europe (mainly England, France, and Germany), to demonstrate how political and aesthetic preferences influenced long-term policy, cultural practice, and musical tradition. While examining the 19th century diplomatic, political, and cultural practices of the expanding 19th century Greek Kingdom, the thesis traces the development of western musical taste and practice in Balkan Greece in relation to the local modernizing society. It highlights the importance of local and European artistic agents and networks, identifies the tension between the projection of European identity and raw acoustic divergence, argues for about the contribution of music to the construction of Greek-European identity, and examines the cultural and political negotiations about the conflicting relationship between Byzantine-Hellenic-European-Modern Greek, as expressed through music and debates on music. The last part of the thesis assembles the 19th century material to explain the relationship between nationalism and musical practice at the turn of the 20th century, and as such the long-term influence of western art music upon the construction of Greek-European national identity.
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Kristmanson, Mark. "Plateaus of freedom : nationality, culture and state security in Canada, 1927-1957." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/NQ43589.pdf.
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Holmes, Kristy Arlene. "Negotiating the Nation: The Work of Joyce Wieland 1968-1976." Thesis, Kingston, ON : Queen's University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/976.
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Viselgė, Vita. "Galimybė Nr.4." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130805_102700-69467.
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Kivimaa, Katrin. "Nationalism, gender and cultural identities : the case of Estonian art from the impact of modernity to the post-Soviet era 1850-2000." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402534.
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Russell, Lucy. "Domesticating Winckelmann : his critical legacy in Italian art scholarship, 1755-1834." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e2d3058-1ae8-46ab-8fab-8f2c9b473860.
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This thesis explores the reception of Johann Joachim Winckelmann in Italian art scholarship, 1755-1834. Winckelmann posed a problem: he was a presence in Italy that could not be ignored, yet the views he expounded were Italophobic and contentious to an Italian readership. In light of this dilemma, the research question asked is how did Italian art scholarship respond to Winckelmann in this period and why did it respond in that way. The core argument advanced is that there were two opposing reactions to Winckelmann, both of which were motivated by nationalism. On the one hand, Italian art scholars presented Winckelmann, his works, and his views as less attractive to an Italian readership than they would otherwise have appeared and, on the other hand, they presented him as more attractive. Through these reactions â termed foreignization and domestication respectively â art scholarship either defended against and ostracized Winckelmann or, when presented as less offensive, welcomed and embraced him amongst Italians. Thus this thesis argues that both reactions demonstrate a nationalistic attempt to portray Winckelmann in the manner most auspicious to the yet-to-be-united peninsula. In order to explore this response to the German scholar, the thesis centres on three media: translations, art literature, and artistic journalism. Both foreignization and domestication are evident throughout the sources analysed, yet there is a predominance of domestication, achieved through a variety of methods. This investigation adds to existing literature by examining the previously overlooked dilemma that Winckelmann posed. Moreover, employing the original conceptual framework of foreignization and domestication allows for a re-evaluation of how the art scholarship of the period engaged with the German scholar. Finally, demonstrating the infiltration of nationalistic sentiment in this period, even extending to Italian art scholarship, this thesis is the first to posit that nationalism played a significant role in Winckelmann's critical legacy.
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Tejero, Nikolasa. "NATIONALISM AND ITS EXPRESSION IN CUBA’S ART MUSIC: THE USE OF FOLKLORE IN MARIO ABRIL’S “FANTASIA (INTRODUCTION AND PACHANGA)” FOR CLARINET AND PIANO." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/215.
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In the centuries since the colonization of the New World, the people of Cuba created a strong musical tradition. Initially, their music mirrored the European composition canons of structural, melodic and harmonic order. The eventual confluence of its distinct cultural elements (i.e. the European, African, and, to a lesser extent, Amerindian) led to the emergence of a new, distinctly Cuban musical tradition.
The wars for independence that began in the United States and Europe in the eighteenth century created a surge towards political and cultural autonomy that swept across the Latin American colonies, generating a wave of nationalism during the nineteenth century. After finally gaining its independence in 1902, Cuba sought to define itself as a nation. Cubans looked inward to their regional folklore—their indigenous and popular traditions—for the source of their national identity, a trend that became of primary interest to Cuban artists. The nationalist trend found full musical expression during the twentieth century, when composers turned to folklore for their inspiration in creating new art music (works for the concert hall) with a unique sound and vitality.
This study concerns itself with the Cuban nationalist movement and its role in the creation of art music by twentieth-century Cuban composers, most specifically that of Mario Abril. The monograph is organized into three general sections: the first section (Chapters 2 and 3) identifies the significant characteristics of nationalism, describes the manifestation of some relevant nationalist movements (e.g., in Europe and Latin America), and explores the manifestation of the nationalist movement in Cuba. The second section (Chapters 4 and 5) provides a history of Cuban art music, concluding with a biographical sketch of composer Mario Abril. The third part (Chapters 6 and 7)consists of a study of the music, beginning with a description of the pertinent characteristics of Cuban popular music, followed by an examination Mario Abril’s Fantasía (Introduction and Pachanga) for clarinet and piano. The document concludes with remarks about the characteristics that qualify the work as an example of Cuban nationalist art music with suggestions for the study and interpretation of the work.
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Evertsson, Maria. "”Så vittna du om min mandom!” : Wilhelm Peterson-Bergers konstfilosofi och könsuppfattning, med särskild hänsyn till åren 1896-1913." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34592.
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The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate Wilhelm Peterson-Berger’s perception of gender and how it is manifested in his philosophy of art. His perception of gender also incorporates conceptions of history, music and nationality. The research question is analysed primarily by reviewing Peterson-Berger’s writings from 1896 to 1913. The research is intended to shed new light on a previously overlooked area of research, using gender theory and discourse analysis. Peterson-Berger and his work have not been examined previously from a gender theory perspective. The research shows that Peterson-Berger was influenced in large measure by the prevailing ideals of his time, although he was in some ways more innovative than many of his contemporaries. Around the turn of the 20th century there was a great deal of focus on biology, with a clear distinction drawn between femininity and masculinity[1] . Masculinity was held up as an ideal, in contrast to femininity and effeminacy. Peterson-Berger advocated this distinction, and emphasized the biological distinction between [2] masculinity and femininity. However, a man need not always have all the characteristics that were considered typically masculine for his time, nor was it necessary for a woman to possess all the feminine characteristics typical of the female gender. According to Peterson-Berger, a woman could have a masculine soul, and vice versa. And although he often took a negative view of women, he granted musical recognition to singers who realized music in what was, to him, a masculine way. Moreover, the majority of Peterson-Berger’s close friends were women, and he dedicated many of his works to women. Theories of race and human evolution were circulating at the turn of the century, and clearly influenced Peterson-Berger. This study has shown that he pursued the writings of [3] Chamberlain[4] and Nietzsche. Incorporating elements of old Gothicist theories with ideas from the two aforementioned thinkers, Peterson-Berger constructed his own racial theory. He asserted that all peoples originated from the Nordic region, which he believed to be the birthplace of the entire human race. According to his theory, southern peoples were inferior[5] , with one exception, the Greeks, towards whom he was very positively disposed. This had to do with the ancient music drama, which Peterson-Berger believed had been created by inhabitants from the north who had migrated to Greece. Peterson-Berger’s notions about peoples from the north versus peoples from the south were interwoven with theories of sexuality. He believed that Germanic peoples were more sexually abstemious than southern Europeans, and that peoples who lived in the south were sexually dissolute. To indulge one’s sexuality was, in his view, a character flaw. Conversely, Peterson-Berger viewed asexuality as a masculine ideal, and believed it to be more common in the north. A number of contradictions have emerged in his perceptions of race and sexuality. A number of his perceptions with respect to gender roles, sexuality, nationalism and philosophy[6] are portrayed in his opera Arnljot, as are the contradictions inherent in them. For instance, the character Arnljot has many of the typical masculine characteristics held up as ideal, but nevertheless exhibits both weaknesses and deficiencies. This is reflected in both the music and the opera libretto.Wilhelm Peterson-Berger var en av de mest framstående tonsättarna kring sekelskiftet 1900. Han var inte bara kompositör utan även aktiv skribent i daglighetspressen. Många av hans uppfattningar om kön, nationalitet, filosofi och konst återspelglas i hans skriftställeri men kan även tydas i de musikaliska verken. Peterson-Berger var till stor del påverkad av dåtidens rådande ideal, men på vissa sätt var han mer nydanande än många andra i sin samtid. Omkring sekelskiftet sattes mycket fokus på biologi och en tydlig uppdelning gjordes mellan kvinnligt och manligt. Manlighet ställdes upp som ett ideal i kontrast till kvinnlighet och omanlighet. Peterson-Berger förespråkar en sådan uppdelning och gör skillnad mellan biologisk manlighet och kvinnlighet. Dock behöver inte alltid en man förfoga över egenskaper som ansågs tidstypiskt manliga eller en kvinna inneha endast de tidstypiska kvinnliga egenskaperna. Enligt honom kunde en kvinna vara innehavare av en manlig själ och vice versa. Peterson-Berger tangerade således en modern syn på kön som pekar fram mot dagens genus teorier. I Peterson-Bergers opera Arnljot konkretiseras flera av hans uppfattningar av både könsroller, sexualitet och filosofi – liksom de motsägelser som fanns. Karaktären Arnljot förfogar exempelvis över flera av de idealtypiska manliga egenskaperna men uppvisar trots det både svagheter och brister. Det återspeglas såväl i text som i musik. Peterson-Bergers egen sexualitet har upprepade gånger varit omdiskuterad. Knyter vi an till hans musikaliska verk och skriftställeri kommer vi närmare ett svar på hur det kan ha förhållit sig.
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Wolkowicz, Vera. "Inventing Inca music : indigenist discourses in nationalist and Americanist art music in Peru, Ecuador and Argentina (1910-1930)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274908.
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The Latin American centennial celebrations of independence (ca.1909-1925) constituted a key moment in the consolidation of national symbols and tropes, while also producing a renewed focus on transnational affinities that generated a series of discourses on continental unity. At the same time, a boom in archaeological explorations, within a general climate of scientific positivism, provided Latin Americans with new information about their ‘grandiose’ former civilisations, such as the Inca and the Aztec, which some then argued for as an American equivalent to ancient Greek and Egyptian cultures. These discourses moved from the political to the cultural sphere, themselves shaping ideas about Latin American national and continental identity. In the arts, and particularly in music, artists as a result began to move from using European techniques and depicting European themes, to produce an art that could be considered Latin American. This dissertation explores discourses surrounding the Inca in particular as a source for the creation of a ‘national’ and ‘continental’ art music during the first three decades of the twentieth century, with a concentration on ‘nationalist’ composers of Peru, Ecuador and Argentina. Three main topics bind together my analysis: interpretations of the Inca musical system, the postcolonial style called yaraví, and the composition of opera. To this end, I look into early twentieth-century writings on Inca music and its origins, investigate attempts to reconstruct it, describe how certain composers applied ‘Inca’ techniques into their own works, and consider how this music was perceived by local audiences. Ultimately, I argue that faced with the difficulties of constructing national unity at the time, the turn to Inca culture and music in pursuit of such unity could only succeed within particular intellectual circles, and that the idea that the Inca example could produce a ‘music of America’ would ultimately remain a utopia.
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Röstorp, Vibeke. "Les artistes suédois et norvégiens en France de 1889 à 1908 : le mythe du retour." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040146.
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Cette thèse porte sur les artistes suédois et norvégiens en France de 1889 à 1908. Ces années ont traditionnellement été considérées comme une période de retour au pays et d’abandon de la France pour les artistes scandinaves qui se seraient tournés de nouveau vers Paris seulement en 1908 avec l’arrivée des élèves d’Henri Matisse. Une étude approfondie de leur présence aux Salons parisiens a été menée afin de constater que leur nombre ne baisse pas et que les départs des uns sont aussitôt comblés par l’arrivée d’autres artistes scandinaves. À travers l’examen de la taille et de l’activité de cette communauté d’artistes installés en France durant ces deux décennies, dites nationalistes, il s’avère que l’hypothèse du retour vers la Scandinavie dans les années 1890 est un mythe créé par une historiographie faussée. La plupart des artistes scandinaves expatriés en France de 1889 à 1908 menèrent des carrières couronnées de succès dans un environnement cosmopolite et international. Les raisons de la mauvaise interprétation de cette période de l’histoire de l’art scandinave ont été analysées à travers les ouvrages d’histoire de l’art anciens et actuels. D’autres investigations ont été entreprises, basées sur la correspondance de ces artistes principalement conservée à l’Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Suède et dans les archives d’Auguste Rodin, ainsi que sur l’étude de leur accueil critique en France. Elles démontrent que la colonie scandinave de Paris de ces années-là a été exclue des expositions organisées en France par leurs propres pays et que la carrière de ces artistes expatriés, ainsi que le rôle de la France, ont été minimisés dans l’histoire de l’art scandinaveThis dissertation is about the presence of Swedish and Norwegian artists in France during the years 1889 to 1908. Traditionally these years have been considered as a period when Scandinavian artists left France to return to their homelands and according to this traditional view, they only returned to Paris and French influence with the arrival of Henri Matisse’s students around 1908. A thorough study of their presence in the Parisian Salons has been conducted which determines that their numbers do not decrease and that the departure of certain Scandinavian artists was balanced by the arrival of others. By examining the size and the activity of this artistic community in France during these two so-called nationalistic decades, it appears in fact that the hypothesis about the return to Scandinavia in the 1890’s is a myth created by a distorted historiography. Most Scandinavian expatriate artists living in France between 1889 and 1908 led successful careers in a cosmopolitan and international environment. The reasons for the misinterpretation of this period in Scandinavian art history have been analysed using historical and current texts and art history handbooks. Further investigation based on the correspondence of these artists, kept chiefly by the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts and in the archives of Auguste Rodin, as well as the study of their critical reception in France, have shown that the Parisian colony of Scandinavian artists has often been excluded from exhibitions organized in France by their home countries and that the career of these expatriate artists as well as the role of France during this period has been minimized in Scandinavian art history
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Claass, Victor. "Julius Meier-Graefe contre l'impressionnisme." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040076.
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Critique et historien de l’art autodidacte, mais aussi éditeur, galeriste, commissaire d’exposition, expert, courtier et infatigable homme de terrain, Julius Meier-Graefe (1867-1935) joua un rôle prééminent dans le monde de l’art européen des trente premières années du XXe siècle. Basé sur l’examination d’archives et de correspondances inédites ainsi que sur une relecture attentive de son vaste corpus d’écrits publiés, ce travail entend retracer la trajectoire d’un passeur téméraire souvent réduit à un rôle de défenseur de l’impressionnisme français dans l’Allemagne de Guillaume II. Si son progressisme francophile tout comme le formalisme de son approche des arts visuels ont parfois été soulignés, l’analyse détaillée de son implication dans le marché de l’art, le monde des musées et plus généralement, dans les débats politico-culturels de son temps, révèle une personnalité plus nuancée. Bien que méfiant envers les fantasmes identitaires des élites allemandes conservatrices, Meier-Graefe lutta sans répit pour un nationalisme d’ouverture, espérant infléchir le cours d’une culture germanique disloquée et hostile aux valeurs de la modernité. En suivant la carrière de cet Allemand cosmopolite, brutalement cisaillée par la Grande Guerre et achevée en France en exil du nazisme, cette thèse entend décrypter les mécanismes d’un projet de régénération culturelle ambitieux, impliquant actes et discours. Alternant entre phases d’enthousiasme intense et de profond désenchantement, Meier-Graefe s’y dévoile comme le chantre d’une modernité idéalisée dont il condamna obstinément les embardées avant-gardistesSelf-taught art critic and historian, but also publisher, gallery owner, curator, expert, broker and tireless field man, Julius Meier-Graefe (1867-1935) played a prominent role in the European art world of the early 20th century. Based on a close study of numerous archives and letters, as well as a careful rereading of his vast body of published work, this dissertation endeavours to retrace the life of a reckless facilitator, whose career is too often reduced to the role of “importer” of modern French art in Germany. If Meier-Graefe has been frequently identified through his progressive francophile positions and formalistic viewpoints on visual arts, a detailed analysis of his involvement in the art market and institutions—and more broadly, in the political/cultural debates of his time—reveals a richer personality. Wary of the identity concerns shared by conservative elites of the Empire, he vigorously encouraged a “positive” nationalism, hoping to adjust the course of a fragmented Germanic culture hostile to the values of modernity. Tracing the steps of a cosmopolitan German whose path was brutally affected by the outbreak of World War I, this essay examines the mechanisms of his ambitious project of cultural regeneration, involving both action and discourse. Jostled between phases of enthusiasm and deep disillusionment, Meier-Graefe emerges as the champion of an idealized modernism, whose avant-garde experiments he nevertheless severely condemned
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Karp, Lugo Laura. "Au-delà des Pyrénées : les artistes catalans à Paris au tournant du XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010633.
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Attirés par l'émulation artistique et par les possibilités qu'offrait le marché de l'art français, les artistes catalans de la fin du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe se rendirent en masse à Paris, dans un mouvement largement international. L'histoire que propose de traverser cette étude est celle des mobilités d'artistes, des transferts artistiques et culturels, des circulations, de la diffusion et de la réception d'œuvres. Quelle incidence eut l'origine de ces artistes dans leur parcours parisien? Quel fut leur degré d'acculturation? Quels réseaux parvinrent-ils à tisser? Quel fut l'accueil de leur œuvre : quelle lecture et quel usage? Comment construisirent-ils une identité à travers leur art? Ce travail entend combler une lacune de l'historiographie de l'art catalan contemporain et des rapports artistiques entre la Catalogne et la France, rejoignant les préoccupations actuelles sur les relations artistiques transnationales au travers de l'étude d'une communauté homogène d'artistes à une période déterminée. Accordant une place fondamentale à la réception, nous étudions la manière dont la capitale internationale de l'art - qu'était Paris - a réagi à l'intégration de ces étrangers et a accueilli leur œuvreAttracted by the artistic emulation and the possibilities offered by the French art market, nearly all Catalan artists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth went to Paris, in a broadly international movement. This essay mainly focuses on the mobility of artists, on artistic and cultural transfers, and on the reception of artworks. How did these artists integrate into the Parisian artistic milieu at the turn of the century? How did living in Paris affect their artistic production? And, alternatively , how did their presence affect the Parisian artistic landscape? Thus, joining the current concerns about transnational artistic relations, this work aims to fill a gap in the historiography of contemporary Catalan art and of the artistic relations between Catalonia and France. By providing a fundamental role to the critical reception, this work throws light on how the international capital of art - that was Paris - reacted to the integration of these foreign artists and to their work
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Favry, Amélie. "Affirmation du sentiment national belge au travers de la représentation du paysage, 1780-1850." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211052.
Full textAbstract:
Entre 1780 et 1850, les Belges développent une image symbolique de leur environnement physique. Cette image, conjuguée à une action de transformation du terrain, participe à la structuration de l’environnement belge en un territoire national. Elle témoigne d’une grande stabilité durant l’époque considérée. Dans cette optique symbolique, l’environnement belge incarne les caractères de la communauté nationale, il exprime non seulement le long passé partagé par le sol et les hommes, les interactions séculaires qui les lient, mais aussi les aspirations nourries par les Belges à l’égard de l’avenir.Les premières images mentales du territoire national développées dans le chef des Belges consistent en lieux génériques (les expressions en italiques sont empruntées à Bernard Debarbieux). Définis par le discours, ces lieux génériques sont des environnements physiques dont la physionomie résulte des donnés naturels et de leur transformation par l’homme. La physionomie de ces lieux est donc dominée par l’agriculture, l’industrie et l’habitat humain. Ces configurations génériques ne recouvrent en réalité qu’une partie du territoire national. Leur élection en tant que résumé idéal du territoire belge, reflète les aspirations de la communauté.
La qualité esthétique paysagère des lieux génériques du territoire belge n’apparaît pas cependant avec évidence aux contemporains. Un écart sépare le discours et la représentation picturale. Si le premier reconnaît souvent une qualité esthétique aux lieux génériques, qui deviennent alors des paysages, la représentation iconographique se montre plus réticente à leur égard.
Les Belges de l’époque développent une seconde facette symbolique de leur territoire. Ils soulignent l’omniprésence des souvenirs historiques nationaux dans leur environnement. La Belgique leur apparaît telle un ensemble de lieux de condensation. Le discours contemporain et les œuvres des peintres, lithographes ou graveurs, témoignant d’une cohésion remarquable, illustrent abondamment les lieux de condensation belges.
Les Belges cherchent à diffuser ces images mentales parmi leurs compatriotes. Ce projet collectif répond à une volonté de faire connaître et adopter ces paysages symboliques par l’ensemble des membres de la nation. Cette connaissance passe pour le socle sur lequel peuvent se développer les sentiments d’attachement à la patrie et d’identification à la nation. Le discours et l’image sont mobilisés à cette fin.
Ces préoccupations interviennent dans le travail des peintres de paysages. Toutefois, le choix d’un site par un paysagiste belge représentant l’environnement national, est d’abord guidé par des critères internes à la pratique picturale. Ses critères de choix rencontrent en effet ceux qu’émet le discours de l’époque définissant les normes de qualité esthétique d’un tableau. L’artiste tend en outre à satisfaire les attentes du public, lequel cherche à combler son envie d’évasion hors de la cité, mais aussi à se rassurer quant à l’harmonie et à la viabilité de la société contemporaine. Les peintres (et donc leur public) manifestent pourtant une faveur particulière envers les sites belges. Ce goût dénote une identification et un attachement au pays habité par la nation historique, telle que la décrit le discours contemporain. Même s’il vient après la satisfaction des critères esthétiques, le critère de l’identification à un site belge intervient de façon notable dans l’attrait exercé par un paysage peint.
Il apparaît ainsi que les lieux génériques (agricoles et industriels) passent difficilement le premier crible, esthétique, tandis que les lieux de condensation satisfont tant les attentes esthétiques que les attentes symboliques – qualité qui assure leur succès en tant que motifs picturaux.
Les paysagistes élaborent en outre une image paysagère générique de la Belgique qui est une adaptation, conforme aux critères d’appréciation en vigueur dans le champ de la représentation picturale, du paysage générique agricole et industriel défini par le discours contemporain. Leurs œuvres dépeignent en effet la Belgique comme un territoire réalisant les canons pittoresques, comme un environnement verdoyant, boisé, vallonné, peuplé, traversé de rivières, semé d’habitations, de moulins ou autres fabriques anciennes. Dans les années 1840, les paysagistes développent également une nouvelle facette dans ce paysage générique pictural, en représentant les étendues arides, stériles et très peu peuplées, présentes sur le territoire. Cette apparition inaugure une période nouvelle, durant laquelle l’image picturale de la Belgique se dédouble, embrassant, d’une part, les sites prisés durant les premières décennies du siècle et, de l’autre, les plaines de bruyères désertes peu à peu investies d’une valeur identitaire et élevées au rang de configuration générique nationale.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Brewin, Jennifer Ellen. "Navigating 'national form' and 'socialist content' in the Great Leader's homeland : Georgian painting and national politics under Stalin, 1921-39." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290266.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the interaction of Georgian painting and national politics in the first two decades of Soviet power in Georgia, 1921-1939, focussing in particular on the period following the consolidation of Stalin's power at the helm of the Communist Party in 1926-7. In the Stalin era, Georgians enjoyed special status among Soviet nations thanks to Georgia's prestige as the place of Stalin's birth. However, Georgians' advanced sense of their national sovereignty and initial hostility towards Bolshevik control following Georgia's Sovietisation in 1921 also resulted in Georgia's uniquely fraught relationship with Soviet power in Moscow in the decades that followed. In light of these circumstances, this thesis explores how and why the experience and activities of Georgian painters between 1926 and 1939 differed from those of other Soviet artists. One of its central arguments is that the experiences of Georgian artists and critics in this period not only differed significantly from those of artists and critics of other republics, but that the uniqueness of their experience was precipitated by a complex network of factors resulting from the interaction of various political imperatives and practical circumstances, including those relating to Soviet national politics. Chapter one of this thesis introduces the key institutions and individuals involved in producing, evaluating and setting the direction of Georgian painting in the 1920s and early 1930s. Chapters two and three show that artists and critics in Georgia as well as commentators in Moscow in the 1920s and 30s were actively engaged in efforts to interpret the Party's demand for 'national form' in Soviet culture and to suggest what that form might entail as regards Georgian painting. However, contradictions inherent in Soviet nationalities policy, which both demanded the active cultivation of cultural difference between Soviet nationalities and eagerly anticipated a time when national distinctions in all spheres would naturally disappear, made it impossible for an appropriate interpretation of 'national form' to be identified. Chapter three, moreover, demonstrates how frequent shifts in Soviet cultural and nationalities policies presented Moscow institutions with a range of practical challenges which ultimately prevented them from reflecting in their exhibitions and publications the contemporary artistic activity taking place in the republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia. A key finding of chapters four and five concerns the uniquely significant role that Lavrenty Beria, Stalin's ruthless deputy and the head of the Georgian and Transcaucasian Party organisations, played in differentiating Georgian painters' experiences from those of Soviet artists of other nationalities. Beginning in 1934, Beria employed Georgian painters to produce an exhibition of monumental paintings, opening at the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow in 1937, depicting episodes from his own falsified history of Stalin's role in the revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia. As this thesis shows, the production of the exhibition introduced an unprecedented degree of direct Party supervision over Georgian painting as Beria personally critiqued works by Georgian painters produced on prescribed narrative subjects in a centralised collective studio. As well as representing a major contribution to Stalin's personality cult, the exhibition, which conferred on Georgian painters special responsibility for representing Stalin and his activities, was also a public statement of the special status that the Georgians were now to enjoy, second only to that of the Russians. However, this special status involved both special privileges and special responsibilities. Georgians would enjoy special access to opportunities in Moscow and a special degree of autonomy in local governance, but in return they were required to lead the way in declaring allegiance to the Stalin regime. Chapter six returns to the debate about 'national form' in Georgian painting by examining how the pre-Revolutionary self-taught Georgian painter, Niko Pirosmani, was discussed by cultural commentators in Georgia and Moscow in the 1920s and 30s as a source informing a Soviet or Soviet Georgian canon of painting. It shows that, in addition to presenting views on the suitability of Pirosmani's painting either in terms of its formal or class content, commentators perpetuated and developed a cult of Pirosmani steeped in stereotypes of a Georgian 'national character.' Further, the establishment of this cult during the late 1920s and early 1930s seems to have been a primary reason for the painter's subsequent canonisation in the second half of the 1930s as a 'Great Tradition' of Soviet Georgian culture. It helped to articulate a version of Georgian national identity that was at once familiar and gratifying for Georgians and useful for the Soviet regime. The combined impression of cultural sovereignty embodied in this and other 'Great Traditions' of Soviet Georgian culture and the special status articulated through the 1937 exhibition allowed Georgian nationalism to be aligned, for a time, with support for Stalin and the Soviet regime.