Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nations Unies. Comite des droits de l'enfant'
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Gusan, Ana. "L'autonomie de l'enfant en droit international." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0289.
Full textThe concept of "child autonomy" is not fully seized by the international legal order. This is due to the vulnerable nature traditionally granted to the child and the conceptual confusion with the personal autonomy applicable for the adult. However, the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first international instrument to counter such prejudices. We propose, in this thesis, to observe the way in which the CRC considers this unnamed object both in the preparatory work and in the practice of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Consequently, its conventional construction, both objectivist and voluntarist, gradually brings the notion of "child autonomy" into the European legal order. This evolution, although still insufficient involves a more general reflection on the transformations undergone and to undergo by international law when it intends to deal with the concept "autonomy of the child"
Nene, Bi Arsène Désiré. "L’effectivité des droits de l’enfant en côte d'Ivoire : entre normes internationales et réalités locales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3034.
Full textThe effectiveness of children’s rights in Ivory Coast is subject to a constant and fragile tension between the international standards that proclaim these rights and guarantee them and the local realities that are those of a developing country. In addition, for more than ten years, Ivory Coast has faced serious problems of political and social instability because of an armed crisis that has destabilized protection regimes in all areas where they previously existed. Could the situation of the protection of the rights of the child, mainly from international origin and placed under international control, escape this context? The thesis shows that the integration into Ivorian national law of international standards of protection through a wide participation of Ivory Coast in most instruments protecting both human rights in general and the rights of the child in particular, just as the national translation of these rights according to constitutional requirements into important legislation could give a sense of effectiveness. However, this feeling is fake. The effectiveness of these rights, when challenged by the realities of the country, falls under the weight of manifestations of violations as diverse as unacceptable. This is why measures for improved effectiveness are recommended. Their implementation could guarantee a better future for all children in Ivory Coast
Couturier, Bourdiniere Lucile. "La protection internationale des droits de l'enfant." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020067.
Full textHonhon, Yves. "L'enfant et le droit." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=cc354230-1b2e-4551-9038-036f68f5b6b9.
Full textThe first article of the international Convention on the rights of the child, because it draws for the first time a temporal definition of the child, tries to fill a gap installed by custom. The right of the child presents this peculiarity to exist, without any definition of the subject it is concerned with. If the child is present in the law, he's represented by his status of minor, but not as a person. The assimilation of the child to the minor (and the adult to the major) has to be strictly revised. The lawyer must reconsider his certainties to build a definition of the child, as complete as possible, in order to determine his characteristics from which proceeds his specificity. It is only to this condition, initial and crucial, that the right of the child can be studied. Now, this right, not very perceptible and therefore, understandable with difficulty, is relatively underestimated. The text of the international Convention on the rights of the child of 1989 seems to be a kind of guide to follow in order to adopt some new laws specific to childhood. But, it is not simply a juridical frame, this Convention is in reality an essential juridical tool, in the heart of many international doctrinal opinions. Only a global view of the Convention and the recommendations of the Committee of the rights of the child allows understanding their extent and their interest. Moreover, it is only through a complete knowledge of the international law about this question that the internai law can be compared with it
Zamiri, Mohammad Ali. "Le statut de l'enfant en droit iranien à la lumière de la Convention internationale relative aux droits de l'enfant." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA111010.
Full textKane, Ameth Fadel. "La protection des droits de l'enfant pendant les conflits armés en droit international." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0122/document.
Full textThe protection of children rights victim of the armed conflicts is a recent and current problem which leans on the evolution of human rights and on the transformation of the nature of the conflicts. It raises the question of the existence of a substantial international normative frame, capable of assuring protection and assistance to the child in the grip of hostilities. On this point, it seems that the international law plans a set of legal mechanisms applicable to the child, whether he is direct or indirect victim of the conflicts, or that he participates directly in the hostilities. However, the examination of these instruments shows that they are often characterized by the generality of their measures which are not still adapted to the consideration of the specificity of the child. Furthermore, they sometimes raise questions of applicability. So, if we cannot deny them any effectiveness, this one remains partial in many cases. The adoption of legal mechanisms specifically applicable to the child, as the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 and its optional protocols, had moreover for object to remedy this maladjustment and to establish the exhaustiveness of the legal framework. The obstinacy of the violations makes, however, normative inadequacies become aware and impose a redefining of the objective of protection. In this context, the growing implication of the Security Council, but also the criminalization of the violations committed during the armed conflicts, define a new approach of the responsibility of the international community on the subject. This intervention allowed, indeed, to remind to States their obligations and to adopt penalties against individuals offenders. Also, the condemnations pronounced by the International Criminal Court and the Special Court for the Sierra Leone for war crimes consisting in the recruitment and in the use of children soldiers mark the end of a denial of justice. However, the action of these jurisdictions is sometimes hindered by the complexity of rules governing the international justice or the lack of cooperation of States. Thus, an international frame object of all the contradictions emerges from it, where from the relativity of the system of protection. This puts the necessity of insisting on the first responsibility which falls to States in this domain
Pauti, Christine. "La liberté religieuse de l'enfant en droits français et italien." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010337.
Full textNapoli, Claudia. "L'ONU face aux "pratiques traditionnelles néfastes" à l'égard de l'enfant africain." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G010.
Full textBiaou, Marie-Thérèse. "La réception de la Convention Internationale des droits de l'enfant au Bénin." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010269.
Full textPoullennec, Erell. "Étude critique de l'effet des droits fondamentaux sur le droit civil de l'enfance." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010297.
Full textMalongue-Atangana, Thérèse. "La protection de la personne de l'enfant : étude du droit positif camerounais à la lumière de la Convention Internationale sur les Droits de l'Enfant." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33004.
Full textLeconte, Stéphanie. "Principes et réalités du droit international de l'enfance." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4013.
Full textMaking allowance for the specificity of children at an international level has given rise to an abundance of laws of various kinds and scope. Initially intended specifically to protect children, these instruments have gradually focused on developing the child's status as a legal person. The international convention on the rights of the child, adopted by the United Nations on 20 November 1989, is an example of this trend. It embodies an updated conception of childhood and has been used as a basis to create specific international laws. But recognizing rights and stating guiding principles is not enough to change attitudes. These laws need to be effectively applied to be of any benefit to children. The most recent international laws show a real concern for the effectiveness of the principles established. However, despite the technical resources mobilised, international law for children continues to depend on governments for any impact on reality
N'Souari, Guy Fidèle. "L'action de la communauté internationale en faveur du développement et de la protection des enfants." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD004.
Full textThe ratification of the international treaty about children's rights in 1990 is the highlight of the international cooperation in favour of children's rights protection. It gave the countries members a legal quality tool to increase children's rights. Although this text is not a miracle remedy to make all violences towards children desappear, one can't deny his contribution to improve considerably their lives. Children protection is become an acknowledge priority for all countries policies. The Children's Rights Comity action allows to implement this protection, obliging all countries who have accept this treaty to give him national's repports about their children's protection actions. International community and U. N. O. Have permit to hoist in first ligne of worldwide preoccupations the children's rights position in the world and the necessary protection of their rights. Moreover, the development of international's meetings, conferences and assemblies of the ten past years about differents themes regarding children's rights, prove the interest of this protection in international law as the bringing in of the joint international community's actions of U. N. I. C. E. F. And others organizations of the international system. Thoses organizations make an complementary work with the children's rights comity in his action in favour of application of rights recognized by the international children's rights treaty. That clearly showed the increasing importance of children's rights in international law
Chakirian, Laurence. "La protection de la personnalité du mineur." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33024.
Full textKarimi, Nourollah. "Le procès pénal des mineurs en droit français et iranien : approche comparative à la lumière des instruments des Nations Unies." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2003.
Full textThe concept of criminal trial or, more accurately, the science of criminal trial has two features when applied to minors. Firstly, it is not just a fair trial, applicable to all the accused (adults and children). It is also a set of normative and operational framework aiming specifically to support the juvenile offenders. However, this statement is ambiguous. Indeed, such an approach is based on what is considered as the standard of juvenile criminal law applicable to minors, with its three pillars: “discernment”, “child’s best interests”, “education”. Secondly, in comparison with judgments imposed on minors before indictment, the characteristic of juvenile criminal trail applicable to minors are very specific after the indictment, and subjective, especially in French law. The specificity of criminal law is also justified by the variety of measures applicable to minors. However, the common rules are still enforced during the criminal treatment of minors, more particularly in Iranian law. As a result, the criminal trial applicable to minors seems to be devoid of coherence and its specificity appears to be relative
Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. "Property, Object of Protection or Subject of Rights ? : journey towards the Best Interests of the Child : implementing UN Convention on the Rights ot fhe Child in Pakistan, France and UK." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0059.
Full textPubert, Laure. "La protection des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels de l'enfant en Europe : une mise en perspective des instruments européens." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4022.
Full textBideau, Cécile. "L'accès de l'enfant à la justice : en droit français et en droit québécois." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_bideau_c.pdf.
Full textA comparative study between French and Quebec Law reveals that under French Law, less importance is given to the protection of the child than to his rights. Apart from specific procedures such as youth protection or penal procedures, access to justice for minors is still limited. The minor may only address the tribunal individually in exceptional circumstances. The right to be heard, recognized under the January 8th, 1993 Act, is still not applied properly. Quebec Law has found a balance between the protection a child needs and the exercice of his rights. The diversity of the systems developed under Quebec Law enables the child's access to the tribunal while preserving his interests
Meotti, Pascale. "La lutte contre l'exploitation des enfants : étude de droit international public." Dijon, 1999. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4b51cbb4-3f6d-43e6-9fca-7926b65752fb.
Full textPasselègue-Delbarre, Stéphanie. "Le droit de l'enfance délinquante : de l'ordonnance du 2 février 1945 à la réforme attendue." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33021.
Full textGareil, Laurence. "L'exercice de l'autorité parentale." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020095.
Full textHamadi, Hakim. "Recherches sur l'ordre public familial." Toulon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUL0060.
Full textThe decline of family public order was emphasized many times. It ought to be restored today. Based on an inductive methodology aimed at determining its origins beyond art. 6 of the civil code, the nature of family public order became clearer. On a theoretical basis, it governs the relation between State and family. It is thus at the heart of family issues. Its functional nature, which is axiologic and unitary, strenghens its cohesion and provides for an answer to all questions relating to the norm's imperative implementation, to the unavailability of rights, to its sources pr its substance. On a substantive plan, the family public order's evolutions paved by quality and freedom rest on the internal layout of its individual and statutory significance which favour conservatism or family innovation depending on the balance achieved. This ideal public ordrer spreads out in the social area through the management of conflict and the subtle use of santions. It has many defenders and its implementation is achieved by the use of techniques aimaing at avoiding conflicts as well as a procedural-oriented approach of conflict and a negociated solution to disputes. The nullity which is not subject to a classical distinction, is just one of the possible options. The negative sanctions, such as the nonexistence, the cancellation and caducity complete the list of positive sanctions as various as forfeit and private penalties. Family public order as an inter-institutional order is absolutely not declening. It contributes on the contrary to he democratic preservation of the relevant family institution
Allou, Hicham. "La kafala en France ou quand l'adoption devient impossible." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0091.
Full textMuslim countries provide special protection and assistance towards children deprived of their family environment through what is called kafala because their family law, essentially based on sharia, forbids adoption. French international law, when faced with this unusual institution imported by the important North African population leaving in France, had to deal with many difficulties in terms of understanding the concept and its technical specifics. Kafala had been brought in France by two means: family reunification, firstly, and international adoption, secondly. But, despite having been used to admitting muslim familial institutions and laws in the past, French international law actually proved to be unsuitable when it comes to kafala. Indeed, the methods and the aims of the discipline are discussed, again, due to the question of fundamental human rights ignored in the conflict of laws and the enforcement of religious laws or the effectiveness of muslim institutions allowed (at least when it is in compliance with the “ordre public international”). All these elements have guided the work. Thus, the comparatist view has been favoured concerning the understanding and the study of the kafala in these countries: Algeria and Morocco, where most of the foster children come from. After analyzing historical and legal points aimed at understanding the origins of this institution and the notion of the family which dominates in both societies, we will tackle its birth and its evolution before comparing it to the French institutions for which many studies have been established. In the second point, the question of the acceptance of the kafala by the French jurisdictions since the 1990s is raised. It has highlighted inconsistencies, flaws and questionable decisions especially the care of the foster child (often abandoned and from unknown parents) which has been insufficiently taken into account even if recommended by the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. And since the law of February 6th 2001, the kafala cannot be passed , its effectiveness nowadays in France is still limited but also brings insecurity and difficulties to the foster children which, consequently, requires an urgent reform
Rojas-Novoa, María Soledad. "La protección de la infancia en América : una problematización histórica del presente : el caso del Instituto Interamericano del Niño, la Niña y Adolescentes (1916-1989)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC110/document.
Full textThe main goal of this doctoral thesis is to understand the processes that have led to child protection becoming a social problem in the Americas. We approach this subject through the description and the analysis of the history of the Inter-American Children's Institute between 1916 and 1989. This study is based on a specific corpus of documents the Institute’s proceedings and newsletters, considered from a genealogical perspective with a special emphasis on the historic reality of the social contexts of production of these documents. The Institute, as a case study, allows us to pose numerous questions, which serve as a basis for this research: how have discourses that have reclaimed (at least temporarily) a value of truth regarding infancy been produced in the Americas? How have these discourses collaborated in the construction of a specific domain of knowledge and action called “child protection”? In which ways has this domain appeared in a specific International organism? What processes and mechanisms support the process of institutionalization at a transnational level? Who were the main actors in this process? What kind of relationships did they establish among themselves? What parts of the representations and the practices that they conducted persisted and what parts were discontinued? What were their goals and motivations? We seek to articulate a historical problematization of the present around these issues. This methodological exercise stems from the interest in a reconsideration of the conditions of emergence of the regime of children’s rights, inaugurated with the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, in 1989
El problema principal de esta tesis doctoral es comprender los procesos a través de los cuales la protección de la infancia deviene un problema social en América. Esto se lleva a cabo a partir de la descripción y el análisis de la trayectoria del Instituto Interamericano del Niño, la Niña y Adolescentes, entre 1916 y 1989. Para ello, abordamos un corpus documental específico –las Actas y los Boletines del Instituto– desde una perspectiva genealógica, poniendo especial atención en la realidad histórica de sus contextos sociales de producción. El Instituto como caso de estudio, nos permite desarrollar las múltiples interrogantes que están en la base de esta investigación: ¿Cómo se han producido los discursos que han reclamado (al menos temporalmente) un valor de verdad respecto de la infancia en las Américas? ¿Cómo esos discursos colaboraron en la construcción de un dominio de conocimiento y acción específico llamado “protección de la infancia”? ¿Cómo ese dominio toma cuerpo en un organismo internacional específico? ¿Qué procesos y mecanismos sostienen el proceso de institucionalización transnacionalizado? ¿Quiénes fueron los actores preponderantes en ese proceso? ¿Qué tipo de relaciones entablaron entre ellos? ¿Cuáles son las persistencias y discontinuidades históricas de las representaciones y prácticas que ellos enarbolaron? ¿Cuáles fueron sus objetivos y motivaciones? En torno a estas interrogantes buscamos articular una problematización histórica del presente. Este ejercicio metodológico se sostiene en un interés por repensar las condiciones de emergencia del régimen de derechos de infancia, inaugurado con la ratificación de la Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño, en 1989. Palabras clave: protección de la infancia, organismo internacional, América Latina, interamericanismo, historia del presente