Academic literature on the topic 'Nativa appar'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nativa appar"
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Rorbach-Dolata, Anna, Ewa Żurawska-Płaksej, and Agnieszka Piwowar. "Quercetin influences BSA alpha-helical structures of native, ACR- and NaNO2-modified BSAs." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 75, no. 6 (2018): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/89724.
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Pendleton, Rosemary L., Stanley G. Kitchen, E. Durant McArthur, and Joann E. Mudge. "The ‘Appar’ flax release: origin, distinguishing characteristics, and use; and a native alternative." Native Plants Journal 9, no. 1 (2008): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/npj.2008.9.1.18.
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Ilina, N. I., N. V. Shartanova, E. A. Latysheva, and M. A. Denisov. "NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA IN RUSSIA." Russian Journal of Allergy 11, no. 5 (2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja531.
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Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most socially significant diseases of the respiratory system. The control over the symptoms of BA is achieved less than in 50% of cases even in highly developed countries. The reasons for the lack of control are heterogeneous. One of the most important reasons for the lack of control over symptoms BA in Russia is the unavailability of highly effective drugs for socially unprotected layers of the population. The solution of this problem could be the creation of Russian analogs for asthma treatment. A new Russian product - a combination of topical corticosteroids and DBA (fluticasone/salmeterol) - Suticase-native is going to appear on the Russian market. A study to assess the efficacy and safety of the new product was carried out on the base of three Russian scientific centers. This trail compared a new drug Suticase-nativ (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/dose), powder for inhalation (produced by «Nativ» - company, Russia), with its famous counterpart - a Seretide accuhaler diskus (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/ dose), powder for inhalation dosed, production Glaxo Operates UK Ltd, in patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the study showed high efficiency and safety of Suticase-Nativ, comparable to Seretide.
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Lester, David. "Suicide Rates among Native Americans in 1890." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3 (1995): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.830.
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From 1890 to 1980, estimated suicide rates for Chinese males and Native American females appear to have decreased while the suicide rates of white, African American, and Native American males have increased.
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Gonzales, E. K., Y. F. Wiersma, A. I. Maher, and T. D. Nudds. "Positive relationship between non-native and native squirrels in an urban landscape." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 5 (2008): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-006.
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Paradoxically, non-native species sometimes displace native species that appear to be well adapted to local landscapes. That many landscapes have been altered by humans, creating habitat suitable for non-native species, helps explain this apparent paradox. We asked whether the abundance of native Douglas ( Tamiasciurus douglasii (Bachman, 1839)) and northern flying ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) squirrels was best explained by the abundance of non-native eastern grey squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788), the proportion of urban development, or both using available squirrel abundance data from wildlife shelters and land-use maps. There was no evidence that non-native squirrels replaced native squirrels given that their abundances were positively related, whereas native squirrels varied negatively with the amount of development. The best model explaining variation in the abundance of Douglas and northern flying squirrels incorporated both eastern grey squirrels and development, which is consistent with the hypothesis that regional declines in native squirrels are more likely to be predicated by the alteration of native conifer habitats by humans independent of the effects of non-native squirrels.
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Peterson, Douglas P., and William R. Ardren. "Ancestry, population structure, and conservation genetics of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the upper Missouri River, USA." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 10 (2009): 1758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-113.
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We genotyped Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) at 10 microsatellite loci in 18 samples (n = 726) from Montana, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan to determine genetic relationships among native, captive, and naturalized populations in the upper Missouri River basin, to assess patterns in genetic diversity, and to infer recent demographic histories. Substantial genetic subdivision was observed among sample populations (global FST = 0.10). Canadian populations have been isolated from Missouri River populations long enough for mutation to cause genetic differences between regions (mean pairwise FST = 0.18, RST = 0.54). Within the Missouri River basin, most naturalized lacustrine populations traced their ancestry to Red Rock lakes. Two populations in headwater lakes within the Big Hole River watershed appear to be native. We found neither evidence for introgression of Canadian-origin grayling nor any effect of hatchery stocking in native populations. The native fluvial Big Hole River group was genetically distinct and most diverse (HE = 0.89), whereas native Madison River and Red Rock lakes populations exhibited lower genetic diversity (HE = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively) and evidence of recent bottlenecks. The existing Big Hole and Red Rock populations are at low abundance but do not appear to be at immediate risk of inbreeding depression (Ne = 207.7–228.2).
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Alraimi, Looloo Mohammed, and Abdalla Yassin Abdalla. "Interpersonal Meaning in Media texts Written by Native & Non-native Writers of English." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 1 (2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i1.14370.
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This study presents an exploration of how interpersonal meaning is created and recognized in media texts written by native and non-native writers of English. The objectives of this study are: to compare and describe the types of interpersonal meaning, and the various structures and speech functions realized in media texts from native and non-native online newspapers that reveal the authors' intention to influence the readers. Eight articles from Washington Post (WP) & Arab News (AN) online newspapers were collected for the analysis. The texts' clauses were identified and analyzed for mood and modality based on Halliday's framework of Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis reveals that the most dominant mood type is declarative, and modality of medium value pervades all the texts with higher frequency in WP newspaper which makes the authors appear to be more personal and certain about their claims than the AN authors. Yet, declarative moods have varying structures and varying degrees of ‘functions’. The conclusion shows that this variation in the clause structures and functions is done with the authors' intention to get the readers persuaded.
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Franceschina, Florencia. "Against an L2 morphological deficit as an explanation for the differences between native and non-native grammars." EUROSLA Yearbook 1 (January 1, 2001): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.1.12fra.
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One proposed explanation for the observed differences between native and non-native speakers has been that certain peripheral systems interacting with the computational system are defective in L2 acquisition. This paper will consider some of the predictions that follow from assuming that the morphological module which interacts with the computational system (or their interface) is defective. If this basic assumption is correct, we should expect all learners to be able to acquire the L2 grammar equally well, and where mistakes are found they should be due to problems in the morphology. The results of an empirical study of the acquisition of grammatical gender in advanced English and Italian speakers of L2 Spanish do not support these predictions, as the errors found appear to be syntactic in nature.
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Tarsi, Matteo. "Samspil tökuorða og innlendra orða í Þriðju málfræðiritgerðinni." Orð og tunga 22 (June 30, 2020): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.22.5.
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The article is concerned with the coexistence and interplay of loanwords and native words (synonymic word pairs) in the Third Grammatical Treatise. The discussion offered in the present article is part of a larger research project on loanwords and native synonyms in Icelandic in the period from the twelfth century to around 1550. The focus of this article is on how loanword/native word pairs appear in the Third Grammatical Treatise and thus on the dynamics at the core of the alternation between loanwords and native words in this work. In addition, the research seeks to establish a relative chonology for the constituents of each word pair. Finally, the dynamics between loanwords and native words in the lexicon are illustrated in a set of generalizations.
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Pettibone, Erin, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux, and Gabrielle Klassen. "Old Grammars New (?) Scope: Adjective Placement in Native and Non-Native Spanish." Languages 6, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010022.
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Prior studies have examined the association between modifying adjective placement and interpretation in second language (L2) Spanish. These studies show evidence of convergence with native speaker’s intuitions, which is interpreted as restructuring of the underlying grammar. Two issues deserve further study: (i) there are debates on the nature of native speaker’s interpretations; (ii) previous results could be explained by a combination of explicit instruction and access to the first language (L1). The present study re-examines native and non-native intuitions on the interpretation of variable order adjectives in pre-nominal and post-nominal positions, and extends the domain of inquiry by asking if L2 learners have intuitions about the order of two-adjective sequences, which appear in mirror image order in English and Spanish (faded blue pants vs. pantalones azules desteñidos). Two-adjective sequences are rare in the input, not typically taught explicitly, and have a different word order that cannot be [partially] derived from the L1 subgrammar. Two groups of non-native speakers (n = 50) and native speaker controls (n = 15) participated in the study. Participants completed a preference task, testing the interaction between word order and restrictive/non-restrictive interpretation, and an acceptability judgement task, testing ordering intuitions for two-adjective sequences. Results of the preference task show that the majority of speakers, both native and non-native, prefer variable adjectives in a post-nominal position independent of interpretation. Results of the acceptability judgement task indicate that both native and non-native speakers prefer mirror image order. We conclude that these results support underlying grammar reanalysis in L2 speakers and indicate that the semantic distribution of variable adjectives is not fully complementary; rather, the post-nominal position is unmarked, and generally preferred by both native and non-native speakers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nativa appar"
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Nordli, Johan. "Appar eller Webbappar? : Det är den mobila frågan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28207.
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Antal sålda smartphones har ökat explosionsartat de senaste åren, i samma takt ökar ocksåintresset för mobila lösningar i form av mobila applikationer. Det finns huvudsakligen tvåtyper av mobilapplikationer, den specialsydda applikationen (eng. ”native application”) ochwebbapplikationen. Denna kandidatuppsats har undersökt vilken typ av mobilapplikation enintressent ska välja att utveckla när intressenten väl har bestämt sig för att ta fram en mobillösning. För att undersöka detta utfördes en kvantitativt inriktad webbaseradenkätundersökning som fick 108 respondenter. Enkätundersökningen visar hurrespondenterna använder sig av sina smartphones, hur de reflekterar runt den mobilaapplikationsfrågan och hur deras vanor ser ut när det gäller användande av mobilaapplikationer.Resultatet visar att respondenterna väljer specialsydda applikationer framförwebbapplikationer trots att specialgjorda applikationer har fler nackdelar änwebbapplikationer för både användarna och utvecklarna. Det finns dock en tredje typ sombör lyftas fram: hybridapplikationen, som är en kombination av de två förstnämnda.Intressenten bör därför i de flesta fall välja att låta utveckla en hybridapplikation eftersom ensådan dels är ekonomiskt snällare än en ren applikation och dels behagar respondenternagenom att ”lura” dem att tro att de använder en vanlig applikation.
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Hellemarck, Mette, and Christoffer Bolin. "Progressiva webbapplikationer : en studie om användarupplevelse och utmaningar." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21527.
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År 2015 startade Google ett projekt som bland annat tog fram vad som kallas för Progressive Web Applications (sv: progressiva webbapplikationer). Visionen är att dessa, trots att de är webbapplikationer, ska se ut och bete sig som nativa appar, uppta mindre lagringsutrymme, vara lättare att installera och få användaren att stanna längre och engagera sig mer. Syftet med denna forskningsstudie är att undersöka hur progressiva webbappar står sig mot nativa appar ur användarens perspektiv, samt att sätta fingret på de utmaningarna som finns och är viktiga att överkomma för att progressiva webbappar ska kunna bli fullvärdiga alternativ till nativa appar. Slutligen undersöks även hur pass utbrett det är med progressiva webbappar hos mobilanvändare idag; om de känner till och använder dem. För att besvara frågorna har en fallstudie, en enkätundersökning samt en litteraturstudie gjorts. Resultaten visar att det är av stor vikt för användare att funktionalitet och upplevelse i en progressiv webbapp motsvarar nativappen. Vidare konstateras låg kännedom samt nyttjande av progressiva webbappar hos användare, något som tyder påbristande marknadsföring från företag. Frågor om distribuering, säkerhet och iOS-kompatibilitet framkom som viktiga aspekter och områden som kräver fokus för fortsatt etablering av progressiva webbappar.
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Lygnebrandt, Emil, and Jonathan Holm. "Prestanda av användargränssnitt i cross-platform-appar." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30113.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka fördröjningsskillnader inom användargränssnitt mellan nativeutvecklade appar (utveckling till varje plattform) och appar av typen generated apps. Eftersom arbetet syftar till att bidra med information om prestanda ansågs en experimentell metod vara det bästa valet. Mätning av laddningstider gjordes med hjälp av en videokamera som filmade utförandet av experimenten vilket gjorde metoden simpel och liknar det som en användare kommer att uppleva. Avgränsning till plattformarna Android och iOS gjordes där Xamarin valdes som ramverk inom tekniker som skapar generated apps. Mätdata från experiment som undersökte laddningstider, experiment med användare som hanterade listors respons samt undersökning av CPU och minnesanvändning tyder på ett återkommande mönster. Xamarin Forms med XAML är den teknik som presterat sämst under experimenten som sedan följs av Xamarin Forms. Xamarin Android/iOS hade inte lika stora prestandaförluster jämfört med nativeutvecklade delar. Generellt hanterar Xamarin Forms telefonens resurser sämre än vad Xamarin Android/iOS och native gör. Resultat från studien kan användas som beslutsstöd vid val av teknik. Studien bidrar även med data som kan användas vid vidare forskning inom området.<br>The purpose of this study is to examine differences in delay during calculation and presentation of interfaces executing on different techniques. Specifically between native developed apps and generated apps. Since the work aims to contribute with information regarding performance, an experimental method was considered to be the best choice. Measurements of loading times was made with a video camera that captured the execution of the experiments which made the method simple and captures what the users would have experienced. Demarcation to the platforms Android and iOS was made and Xamarin was chosen as the framework for creating generated apps. Data from experiment that examined loading times, experiment with users that dealt with the responsiveness of lists and the analysis of CPU and memory usage indicate a recurring pattern. Xamarin Forms with XAML is the technique that has performed worst during the experiments, followed by Xamarin Forms. Xamarin Android/iOS didn’t have as big performance loss. Xamarin Forms does not manage the phones resources as efficient as Xamarin Android/iOS and native developed apps does. The results from this study can be used as material for making decisions witin organisations when choosing technology for creating apps. The study also contribute with data that can be used by other researchers.
Books on the topic "Nativa appar"
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Pole, Nnamdi. Race and Ethnicity. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0029.
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Empirical evidence shows consistent elevations in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence for Black and Native American (and, to some extent, Latino American) trauma survivors in comparison to their White and Asian American counterparts. Certain subgroups within these larger groups (e.g., Caribbean Blacks and Latinos, Southeast Asians, sexual minorities) appear to show greater risk than the rest of their group members. Ethnoracial disparities in PTSD appear to be partially accounted for by disparities in trauma exposure, racial discrimination, coping style, and cultural expressive style. Ethnoracial minorities also show lower utilization of professional PTSD treatment, even though most evidence suggests that these therapies can be equally effective for all ethnoracial groups. Culturally adapted PTSD therapies have been proposed that may encourage greater utilization of evidence-based trauma treatments and thereby reduce ethnoracial disparities in PTSD.
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Tanaka, Shin’ichi. The relation between L2 perception and L1 phonology in Japanese loanwords. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0014.
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This chapter examines how geminates in words from a donor language are borrowed by a recipient language that already has a geminate/singleton contrast. It analyses the loanword adaptation of Italian geminates in Japanese and its relationship to Japanese speakers’ perception of geminates. A corpus study and a perception experiment show that both phonological and phonetic factors affect adaptation patterns. Although Japanese speakers are essentially capable of perceiving geminates in Italian, their adaptation of geminates in actual loanwords is affected by the class of the consonant and the phonological environments in which it appears. Specifically, geminate consonants are more likely to be perceived as geminates by native Japanese listeners the further they appear towards the end of the source words.
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Rippon, Stephen. Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.001.0001.
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This book explores the development of territorial identity in the late prehistoric, Roman, and early medieval periods. Over the course of the Iron Age, a series of marked regional variations in material culture and landscape character emerged across eastern England that reflect the development of discrete zones of social and economic interaction. The boundaries between these zones appear to have run through sparsely settled areas of the landscape on high ground, and corresponded to a series of kingdoms that emerged during the Late Iron Age. In eastern England at least, these pre-Roman socio-economic territories appear to have survived throughout the Roman period despite a trend towards cultural homogenization brought about by Romanization. Although there is no direct evidence for the relationship between these socio-economic zones and the Roman administrative territories known as civitates, they probably corresponded very closely. The fifth century saw some Anglo-Saxon immigration but whereas in East Anglia these communities spread out across much of the landscape, in the Northern Thames Basin they appear to have been restricted to certain coastal and estuarine districts. The remaining areas continued to be occupied by a substantial native British population, including much of the East Saxon kingdom (very little of which appears to have been 'Saxon'). By the sixth century a series of regionally distinct identities - that can be regarded as separate ethnic groups - had developed which corresponded very closely to those that had emerged during the late prehistoric and Roman periods. These ancient regional identities survived through to the Viking incursions, whereafter they were swept away following the English re-conquest and replaced with the counties with which we are familiar today.
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Löfqvist, Anders. Articulatory coordination in long and short consonants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0006.
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This study examined interarticulator programming of lip and tongue movements in the production of single and geminate consonants in Japanese and Italian. One issue addressed is whether the traditional description of Japanese as mora-timed and Italian as syllable-timed is associated with differences in interarticulator programming at the segmental level. Native speakers of Japanese and Italian served as subjects. The linguistic material consisted of Italian and Japanese words forming minimal pairs, with a sequence of vowel-bilabial nasal-vowel, where the duration of the consonant was either long or short. Recordings were made of lip and tongue movements using a magnetometer system. The results show no evidence of any stable relative timing differences between Japanese and Italian. These findings are also very similar to the results of a study of American English. Thus, rhythm class does not appear to reliably influence the timing of lip and tongue movements.
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Hummer, Hans. Kinship in the City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797609.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the ancient traditions of thought bequeathed to the Middle Ages to show that in antiquity kinship was neither an object of analysis nor considered an elemental or primitive social form. Kinship did not loom large when the ancients pondered prehistory, neither in origin myths, nor in the philosophical works of Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine. What consumed them was human sociality in the preeminent mark of human civilization, the city. The fullest discussions of matters that we associate with kinship appear in discussions of civic life, where familial forms testify to the associative impulses inherent in friendship, rulership, and civic life. In his City of God, Augustine expressed a native view of kinship that became dominant in medieval Europe, that kinship is love and that humans instinctively multiply the bonds of kinship to extend the net of peace, a process perfected in the spiritual regeneration of the Church.
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Szalontai, Balázs. Political and Economic Relations between Communist States. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.017.
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This chapter investigates the relations between the various communist states, particularly the USSR, the East European countries, and the Asian communist regimes, from the perspective of empire studies. It seeks to refine the concept of ‘totalitarian empire’ by making brief comparisons between communist and fascist practices of domination, and argues that the relations between the various communist states were considerably influenced both by internationalist and nationalist conceptions, which did not appear as mutually exclusive forces. A peculiar feature of communist imperial policies was that the dominant powers selected the (nominally) sovereign nation-state as the basic unit of their ‘outer empires’, rather than simply annexing the occupied countries or creating semi-sovereign structures.
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Smokowski, Paul Richard, Martica Bacallao, Corrine David-Ferdon, and Caroline B. R. Evans. Acculturation and Violence in Minority Adolescents. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.32.
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This chapter provides a comprehensive review of research linking acculturation and violent behavior for adolescents of three minority populations: Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), and American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN). Studies on Latino and A/PI youth indicate that higher levels of adolescent assimilation were a risk factor for violence. Ethnic group identity or culture of origin involvement appear to be cultural assets against youth violence, with supporting evidence from studies on A/PI youth; however, more studies are needed on Latino and AI/AN youth. Although some evidence shows low acculturation or cultural marginality to be a risk factor for higher levels of fear, victimization, and being bullied, low acculturation also serves as a protective factor against dating violence victimization for Latino youth. An emerging trend, in both the Latino and A/PI youth literature, shows the impact of acculturation processes on youth aggression and violence can be mediated by family dynamics.
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Mellard, Jason. “These Are My People”. Edited by Travis D. Stimeling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190248178.013.11.
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This chapter covers the politics of country music through a variety of different angles. First, it explores country music’s intersections with electoral politics, as candidates have employed country songs or artists in support of their campaigns, or as country artists themselves have run for political office. Second, it looks to the history of political subjects appearing in country songs, from the beginning of hillbilly recording in the 1920s through the debates over the Iraq War in the 2000s. Finally, the article posits a shifting cultural politics of populism that surges through the history of the genre, a tendency of identifying the “nation” and the “people” with the audience for country music. Artists of note who appear in the analysis include Jimmie Davis, the Dixie Chicks, Steve Earle, Merle Haggard, Toby Keith, Willie Nelson, Eck Robertson, and Woody Guthrie.
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Atkinson, Timothy, John J. Coleman, and Jeffrey Fudin. Opioid Medications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199981830.003.0001.
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This chapter describes the dilemma of today’s chronic pain patient in the face of well-intentioned regulatory efforts to reduce opioid-related mortality. From the beginning of recorded history, there has been interest in substances derived from opium poppy. As modern governments evolved, efforts were made to ensure the availability of opiates for medicinal use while restricting their nonmedical use. This chapter discusses US efforts to control opiates and the severe problem of opiate abuse in the United States that gave rise to these efforts. The United States was the first nation to establish specialized drug treatment centers, serving also as prison-hospitals, devoted solely to treating opiate addiction. Today’s liberal policies on the use of opioids to treat chronic pain appear to have unintentionally produced an epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. Meanwhile, legitimate concerns remain for treating chronic pain, despite the growing morbidity and mortality associated with such treatment.
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Anghelescu, Andrei, Joash J. Gambarage, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, and Douglas Pulleyblank. Nominal and Verbal Tone in Nata. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0005.
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This chapter examines core tonal properties of Nata, a Lacustrine Bantu language (Guthrie E-45) spoken in the Mara region of Tanzania. In most instances, both in nouns and verbs, a Nata word exhibits a single high tone, which is restricted to a small number of locations. Though Nata’s tone system might appear simple, close examination of nouns and verbs uncovers considerable complexity in the system. Nouns exhibit lexically encoded distinctions; verb roots exhibit no lexical distinctions, but inflected verbs differ tonally depending on tense/aspect/mood. The sparse distribution of high tones follows from simple edge effects whereby tones are located relative to well-motivated morphosyntactic boundaries. The analysis, framed in a lexical allomorphy approach, crucially depends on correct identification of the macrostem, with a novel aspect being the extension of the macrostem to nouns. This extension is adopted on the grounds that nouns and verbs share similar surface patterns, captured by reference to a common domain.
Book chapters on the topic "Nativa appar"
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le Roux, Johannes J. "Molecular ecology of plant-microbial interactions during invasions: progress and challenges." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0340.
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Abstract Microbes are omnipresent, yet their interactions with invasive plants remain understudied. This is surprising, given the importance of microbes in plant community ecology and their influence on plant performance in new environments. Recent advances in molecular genetic approaches have opened the door to studying this unseen majority in great detail and to understand how they fit into ecological interaction networks. Molecular approaches allow rapid assessments of microbial diversity at reasonable cost while providing both taxonomic and evolutionary information. Here I discuss how these approaches have contributed to a better understanding of plant-microbial interactions in the context of biological invasions. By drawing insights from various case studies, I illustrate how next-generation sequencing (DNA barcoding) has revolutionized the way we understand such interactions. Tight-knit and coevolved mutualist (e.g. mycorrhizal) and antagonist (e.g. pathogen) interactions appear particularly promising to understand the structure and function of invasive plant-microbial interaction networks, the impacts of invasive plants on native networks and the vulnerability of native networks to infiltration by non-native species. I also discuss novel ways in which molecular data can aid the study of invasive plant-microbial interactions, such as incorporating phylogenetic data into network analyses to better understand the role of evolutionary history in network dynamics and how such dynamics respond to plant invasions. DNA barcoding of microbes also presents unique challenges to the study of network ecology, such as uncertainty in the legitimacy and efficiency of interactions. Future research should incorporate overall plant-associated microbial communities (microbiomes) into interaction networks to better understand the role microbes play during plant invasions.
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Gallivan, Martin D., and Victor D. Thompson. "Mapping the Terrain." In The Powhatan Landscape. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062860.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 considers the ways that Virginia Algonquian communities constructed places and made history, beginning with disparate and contradictory representations of the Chesapeake found in colonial-era maps. These include the Map of Virginia and the Zuñiga chart, both produced by English sources. Native mapping practices appear in Powhatan’s Mantle and in a divination ceremony performed by Pamunkey priests. These contrasting cartographic depictions of the Chesapeake colonial landscape highlight the distinct icons and tropes through which Natives and newcomers represented the Chesapeake region. While Virginia’s colonial historiography typically foregrounds early encounters understood from the perspective of English and Powhatan leaders, these maps illustrate how Tsenacomacoh’s past may be understood as a longer and deeper narrative keyed to geographic spaces, meaningful places, and a broadly inclusive notion of landscape.
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Fitts, Mary Elizabeth. "Provisioning the Nation." In Fit for War. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400059.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 provides an examination of mid-eighteenth century Catawba foodways. As the primary producers of the plant food staples that sustained their communities, Catawba women dealt with the stresses to food security brought about by the Nation’s militarism. Archaeobotanical analysis (Archaeobotany) suggests that by the early eighteenth century, maize had replaced acorns as a source of starch in Catawba diets and that once this change occurred, agricultural intensification was preferred over acorn collection during periods of stress. However, it does appear that Charraw Town residents in particular incorporated more foraged fruits into their diets on a regular basis during the mid-eighteenth century, and also seem to have been processing less food at home. The implications of these patterns are considered with regard to the Charraw’s status as a refugee community within the Catawba Nation.
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Bohlman, Philip V. "The Epic as Nation." In Song Loves the Masses. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520234949.003.0016.
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A full translation of the Iberian epic, El Cid, remained one of Herder’s most ambitious project throughout his life. Herder drew from several different sources, both Spanish and French, to create an expansive work of 70 cantos, which reflect the transmission in the smaller narrative forms of the Spanish romance and their realization in German through the line-by-line decasyllabic forms of epic, thereby representing its singability in oral tradition. The Cid’s story of encounter between religions in medieval Al-Andalus was widely known already in eighteenth-century Europe, but Herder’s translation, which would appear in hundreds of versions into the twentieth century, became one of the most sweepingly influential texts of epic nationalism.
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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by John N. Rinne. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch8.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Fish assemblages in the Verde River, Arizona have changed markedly over the last quarter century. Nonnative fishes increase from headwaters toward the mouth and individual native species decrease. River hydrograph and the introduction of nonnative species appear to be the major factors determining fish assemblages, although information is lacking on water quality and other land management impacts. During floods, native species dominated fish assemblages. By contrast, during droughts and sustained base flows, nonnative fishes increased. The threatened spikedace <em>Meda fulgida </em>has been collected only in the uppermost reach of this desert river and, even here, has been absent since 1997. Five other native species also have become less abundant or rare. Continued monitoring of fish assemblages, comparison with another large southwestern river, the Gila, and aggressive management are critical to sustain the native fish component of this river.
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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by John N. Rinne. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch8.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—Fish assemblages in the Verde River, Arizona have changed markedly over the last quarter century. Nonnative fishes increase from headwaters toward the mouth and individual native species decrease. River hydrograph and the introduction of nonnative species appear to be the major factors determining fish assemblages, although information is lacking on water quality and other land management impacts. During floods, native species dominated fish assemblages. By contrast, during droughts and sustained base flows, nonnative fishes increased. The threatened spikedace <em>Meda fulgida </em>has been collected only in the uppermost reach of this desert river and, even here, has been absent since 1997. Five other native species also have become less abundant or rare. Continued monitoring of fish assemblages, comparison with another large southwestern river, the Gila, and aggressive management are critical to sustain the native fish component of this river.
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Márkus, Gilbert. "‘Tumult among the Nations’ (Psalm 2:1)." In Conceiving a Nation. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748678983.003.0002.
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Following the collapse of Roman imperial rule in Britain, a considerable amount of romanitas remained in the local communities: there was some Latin writing and a degree of spoken Latin in some parts of Scotland; a sense among a now Christian society that their faith made them Romani. It is during this period that various polities begin to appear with more clarity. Bede – a hugely important source for our period – offers a picture of Gaels, Britons, Picts and Angles with their own languages and political structures, which he seeks to explain by reference to a ‘migration-and-settlement’ view of ethnogenesis. But closer examination reveals a much more complex, fragmentary and fluid pattern of ethnic and political identity. The chapter traces some of the key conflicts and alliances, defeats and conquests, and the political processes out of which early national entities emerged, and how some of these nations (particularly the Picts) identified themselves. Chief among the transformations of this period is the gradual Gaelicisation of eastern Scotland or Pictland.
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Cobb, Charles R. "A Hint of Things to Come …" In The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066196.003.0002.
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This chapter provides an overview of landscape studies in archaeology, particularly as practiced in the southeastern United States. There is an extended discussion justifying historical anthropology as an important point of departure for this study, in particular because of its usefulness for exploring processes of colonialism. The chapter provides summaries of the major Native American groups and European powers that appear in the remainder of the volume. Generally speaking, the three major European players, or the Spanish, English, and French had different goals and methods of colonization. These methods cumulatively spurred a highly ramified history of landscape transformations for Native Americans. The chapter’s approach resonates well with post-colonial approaches that attempt to decolonize the past by removing Europeans as the primary lens by which we view the actions of Indigenous peoples. Working under rubrics such as “Native-lived colonialism” and “decolonizing the past,” archaeologists increasingly are seeking to integrate European texts, the archaeological record, oral histories, and the perspectives of Native peoples to try and achieve a plural perspective on past lifeways.
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Turra, Giovanni. "«Uomo e natura qui sono più vicini»." In «Un viaggio realmente avvenuto». Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-344-1/024.
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In Partita rimandata. Diario calabrese, Alberto Savinio’s writing is so digressing that singular metamorphic visions take precedence over the ideological clash of 1948: a ferry-boat becomes a female-ship, the palms of a public garden liven like Luciano’s woman-vines, lamb-like or ram-headed men appear here and there. Reggio, Catanzaro, Crotone, Cosenza: the steps that Savinio brings to the readers’ knowledge are not many, but sufficient to better define a powerfully visionary style, elaborating an idea of Calabria that integrates the present, the history, the myth.
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Shah, Huma, and Kevin Warwick. "Emotion in the Turing Test." In Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-354-8.ch017.
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The Turing Test, originally configured as a game for a human to distinguish between an unseen and unheard man and woman, through a text-based conversational measure of gender, is the ultimate test for deception and hence, thinking. So conceived Alan Turing when he introduced a machine into the game. His idea, that once a machine deceives a human judge into believing that they are the human, then that machine should be attributed with intelligence. What Turing missed is the presence of emotion in human dialogue, without expression of which, an entity could appear non-human. Indeed, humans have been confused as machine-like, the confederate effect, during instantiations of the Turing Test staged in Loebner Prizes for Artificial Intelligence. We present results from recent Loebner Prizes and two parallel conversations from the 2006 contest in which two human judges, both native English speakers, each concomitantly interacted with a non-native English speaking hidden-human, and jabberwacky, the 2005 and 2006 Loebner Prize bronze prize winner for most human-like machine. We find that machines in those contests appear conversationally worse than non-native hidden-humans, and, as a consequence attract a downward trend in highest scores awarded to them by human judges in the 2004, 2005 and 2006 Loebner Prizes. Analysing Loebner 2006 conversations, we see that a parallel could be drawn with autistics: the machine was able to broadcast but it did not inform; it talked but it did not emote. The hidden-humans were easily identified through their emotional intelligence, ability to discern emotional state of others and contribute with their own ‘balloons of textual emotion’.
Conference papers on the topic "Nativa appar"
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Soares, Ana L. F., Maria Stekelenburg, and Frank Baaijens. "Remodeling and Compaction in Tissue Engineered Small Vessels." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206708.
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Small-diameter vessels tissue engineering (TE) seeks to provide viable replacements to the native ones. The approach involves seeding autologous cells onto a biodegradable scaffold material and delivering the suitable environmental factors (biochemical and biomechanical stimuli) during culture via a conditioning protocol. Still, these replacements appear to lack the native mechanical integrity. TE protocols should then be improved and optimized.
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Gumbaridze, Zhuzhuna. "Attitudes toward the influx of anglicisms in the Georgian language." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-1.
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The article explores the use of English lexemes in Georgian informational-analytical electronic journals and discusses different approaches to the influx of Anglicisms. The paper highlights the fact that attention-drawing strands through intensive use of English vocabulary in journalists’ speech leads to an encounter with a number of English terms that do not fit the current standard of normative speech in Georgian. Nevertheless, the paper asserts that the influx of English lexemes in the Georgian language is predominantly caused by speakers’ desire for economy of form. Instead of providing a partial semantic or explanatory equivalent in their native language, speakers attempt to cover a complex or abstract notion by a straightforward, laconic English lexeme. The study maintains the idea that such non-native units appear to be more cognitively secure and semantically valid. They operate from the solid foundation of the source language and contribute mainly to the formation of syntagmatic units with strong predictability of a new flow of loanword integration into Georgian.
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Esteves, João Victor, Sérgio Lifschitz, Rosa Maria Costa, and Ana Carolina Almeida. "Streaming state management methods for real-time data deduplication." In XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2020.13652.
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Data duplication is a common problem on data streams processing applications that occurs due to software error or adoption of data loss prevention measures, jeopardizing real-time data analyses. This paper explores stream-based deduplication methods to identify challenges from these methods and proposes a decision method to choose the most appropriate strategy for a domain. This work investigates native solutions and auxiliary tools to provide data deduplication and fault tolerance. The experimental results show that it is necessary to use fast additional storage to persist the read keys, as long as they can appear, or to use the optimized storage, with a quick key search.
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Reisner, H. M., M. de Serres, S.-W. Lin, and D. W. Stafford. "PROPERTIES OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN FACTOR IX-PHAGE CAP-SID FUSION PROTEIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644080.
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Functional domains of the human factor IX (FIX) molecule may be expressed in E. coli as fusion proteins (FPs) with phage T7 capsid protein 10 (CP 10). Such proteins are synthesized in large amounts and, because of their insolubility can be easily purified Polyclonal antibodies raised to FIX FPs cross react with the native molecule, but the utility of FPs in the production of monoclonal probes of native FIX is unclear. Hence, we have characterized the specificity of murine hybridomas resulting from the immunization with a FP containing amino acids -3 to 49 of human FIX (FP4D) . FP4D proved to be a potent immunogen in mice. Using solid phase ELISA assays, 46% of 2,200 cultures screened reacted with the immunizing antigen. Most of the positive cultures reacted only with FP4D and/or CP 10 and were discarded. Fifty cultures reacted with native FIX and were further studied. None of the FIX reactive cultures inhibited FIX:C activity in clotting assays. Binding of more than half of the cultures to FIX was inhibited by the presence of 5mM Ca++ suggesting a similarity between FP4D and the non Ca++ bound steric state of FIX. Four cultures were subcloned 2X to insure monoclonality. These antibodies were further evaluated for binding to FIX, FP4D, and CP 10 in the presence or absence of Ca++. Three of the four Mabs reacted with FP4D and FIX and showed varying degrees of inhibition by Ca++ only with FIX. One antibody reacted equally with all three proteins in the presence or absence of Ca++. Two of the Mabs were detectable in a solid phase RIA and showed increased radioligand binding in the absence of Ca++. Most Mabs against FP4D appear to detect epitopes which are influenced by the presence of Ca++. Since the FIX amino acid sequence contained in FP4D is gammacarboxylated and capable of binding Ca++ in the native molecule, the epitopes detected by these Mabs may be masked or altered by Ca++ binding. These Mabs may prove to be useful probes in the study of Ca++ binding in the native FIX molecule.
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Raykin, Julia, Alexander Rachev, Michael Zaucha, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "A Combined Theoretical-Experimental Paradigm for Studying Mechanical Conditioning of Tissue Engineered Arteries." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192746.
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There is a great unmet clinical need to develop small diameter tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBV) with low thrombogenicity and immune response, suitable mechanical properties, and a capacity to remodel to their environment [2, 3]. Development of a clinically useful small diameter TEBV will surely rely on techniques from a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from molecular and cell biology and biochemistry to material science and biomechanics. With regard to the latter, biomechanical stimuli, such as cyclic strain, have been shown to stimulate remodeling of collagen gel-derived TEBVs to greatly improve their mechanical behavior [5]. In native blood vessels, remodeling mechanisms appear to be aimed towards maintaining the local, 3-D mechanical environment (i.e., the local stresses or strains). It is becoming increasingly obvious that tissue engineered constructs also adapt to altered mechanical loading, and specific combinations of multidirectional loads appear to have a synergistic effect on the remodeling. Tissue engineered heart valve constructs exposed to cyclic flexure and shear stress, for example, exhibit a five-fold increase in production of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents compared to constructs exposed to cyclic flexure or shear stress alone [1]. A critical gap remains, however, in understanding the role of both unidirectional and multidirectional loading on TEBV remodeling. Towards this end, we have developed theoretical and experimental frameworks to study remodeling of collagen and fibrin gel-derived TEBVs.
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Shahbazi, Zahra, Horea T. Ilies¸, and Kazem Kazerounian. "Protein Molecules as Natural Nano Bio Devices: Mobility Analysis." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13021.
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Proteins are nature’s nano-robots in the form of functional molecular components of living cells. The function of these natural nano-robots often requires conformational transitions between two or more native conformations that are made possible by the intrinsic mobility of the proteins. Understanding these transitions is essential to the understanding of how proteins function, as well as to the ability to design and manipulate protein-based nano-mechanical systems [1]. Modeling protein molecules as kinematic chains provides the foundation for developing powerful approaches to the design, manipulation and fabrication of peptide based molecules and devices. Nevertheless, these models possess a high number of degrees of freedom (DOF) with considerable computational implications. On the other hand, real protein molecules appear to exhibits a much lower mobility during the folding process than what is suggested by existing kinematic models. The key contributor to the lower mobility of real proteins is the formation of Hydrogen bonds during the folding process.
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Farrell, Megan J., John Shin, and Robert L. Mauck. "Functional Consequences of Glucose and Oxygen Deprivation in Engineered MSC-Based Cartilage Constructs." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14495.
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Clinical implementation of stem cell-based cartilage repair techniques has been limited by the inability of these cells to produce cartilaginous tissue equivalent to that produced by native chondrocytes. We have recently shown that while bulk mechanical properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden constructs are lower than chondrocyte-laden constructs, MSCs can in fact produce tissue that matches or exceeds the biochemical and mechanical properties produced by chondrocytes in regions where there is maximal nutrient supply [1]. We also noted that in the central regions of constructs, where nutrient and oxygen availability is lowest (due to consumption through the construct depth), MSC viability was markedly lower than in the outer regions and drastically lower than the center of chondrocyte-laden constructs maintained similarly. These data suggest that MSCs can achieve a high anabolic functionality when they undergo chondrogenesis (via the provision of TGF-β3) and in doing so can produce tissue of equivalent or greater properties than chondrocytes. However, unlike chondrocytes, MSCs appear thrive only when they are provided with a sufficient nutrient supply. To further delineate the role of microenvironmental stressors [2, 3, 4] on MSC viability and functional capacity, we evaluated the impact of glucose and oxygen deprivation, in the presence and absence of TGF-β, during long term culture. Furthermore, since MSC isolation procedures result in a heterogeneous cell population [5,6], we investigated whether different clonal populations respond to these microenvironmental stressors in a distinct fashion.
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Kim, Minwook, Jason A. Burdick, and Robert L. Mauck. "Influence of Chondrocyte Zone on Co-Cultures With Mesenchymal Stem Cells in HA Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80859.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell type for cartilage tissue engineering in that they can undergo chondrogenesis in a variety of 3D contexts [1]. Focused efforts in MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering have recently culminated in the formation of biologic materials possessing biochemical and functional mechanical properties that match that of the native tissue [2]. These approaches generally involve the continuous or intermittent application of pro-chondrogenic growth factors during in vitro culture. For example, in one recent study, we showed robust construct maturation in MSC-seeded hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels transiently exposed to high levels of TGF-β3 [3]. Despite the promise of this approach, MSCs are a multipotent cell type and retain a predilection towards hypertrophic phenotypic conversion (i.e., bone formation) when removed from a pro-chondrogenic environment (e.g., in vivo implantation). Indeed, even in a chondrogenic environment, many MSC-based cultures express pre-hypertrophic markers, including type X collagen, MMP13, and alkaline phosphatase [4]. To address this issue, recent studies have investigated co-culture of human articular chondrocytes and MSCs in both pellet and hydrogel environments. Chondrocytes appear to enhance the initial efficiency of MSC chondrogenic conversion, as well as limit hypertrophic changes in some instances (potentially via secretion of PTHrP and/or other factors) [5–7]. While these findings are intriguing, articular cartilage has a unique depth-dependent morphology including zonal differences in chondrocyte identity. Ng et al. showed that zonal chondrocytes seeded in a bi-layered agarose hydrogel construct can recreate depth-dependent cellular and mechanical heterogeneity, suggesting that these identities are retained with transfer to 3D culture systems [8]. Further, Cheng et al. showed that differences in matrix accumulation and hypertrophy in zonal chondrocytes was controlled by bone morphogenic protein [9]. To determine whether differences in zonal chondrocyte identity influences MSC fate decisions, we evaluated functional properties and phenotypic stability in photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels using distinct, zonal chondrocyte cell fractions co-cultured with bone marrow derived MSCs.
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Pareti, F. I., K. Nliya, P. J. Kostel, J. M. McPherson, T. S. Zimmerman, and Z. M. Ruggeri. "IDENTIFICATION OF A SECOND COLLAGEN-BINDING DOMAIN IN HUMAN VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642877.
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We have recently reported (Journal of Biological Chemistry 261: 15310-15315, 1986) that von Willebrand factor (vWF) possesses a collagen-binding domain localized in a reduced and alkylated tryptic fragment of apparent 52/48 kDa molecular weight extending between residues Val (449) and Lys (728) of the constituent subunit. This proteolytic fragment of vWF also contains a glycoprotein lb-binding domain and a heparin-binding domain. We have now identified a second collagen-binding domain in the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease-generated fragment I that extends from residue Gly (911) to Glu (1365). The two binding domains exhibit different interaction with collagens of different origin. The reduced and alkylated 52/48 kDa tryptic fragment was a potent inhibitor of vWF binding to equine collagen type I, but had no effect on the binding to bovine collagen type I and III. In contrast, a purified fraction containing the unreduced 52/48 kDa domain inhibited vWF binding to all types of collagen, as did anti-52/48 kDa monoclonal antibodies. Some of these antibodies, however, were more effective in inhibiting binding to equine collagen. On the other hand, fragment I markedly inhibited the binding of vWF to bovine collagen type I and III, but was less effective with equine collagen type I. Direct binding studies using 425j_qabeled fragment I demonstrated that the association constant was 5 to 10 times greater with the bovine collagens than with the equine collagen. The Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease-generated fragment III, which extends from residue Ser (1) to Glu (1365) and contains both collagen-binding domains, was the most potent inhibitor of vWF binding to all types of collagen tested. Thus, vWF has at least two collagen-binding domains. Native conformation appears to be necessary for binding of the 52/48 kDa domain to bovine collagen type I and III, but not to the equine collagen type I tested. The two domains appear to function concurrently in mediating vWF binding to collagen.
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Hutcheson, Joshua D., Joseph Chen, Larisa M. Ryzhova, and W. David Merryman. "5-HT2B Antagonism Inhibits Strain- and Cytokine-Dependent Formation of Calcific Nodules by Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80496.
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The progression of aortic valve (AV) disease is often characterized by the formation of calcific nodules on thickened AV leaflets, limiting the biomechanical function of the valve. In these cases, the association of extracellular Ca2+ with phosphates remaining in cellular debris within the decellularized scaffolds has been proposed to lead to the nucleation and growth of calcific nodules. In native tissue, calcification is thought to be a more active process involving AV interstitial cells (AVICs). AVICs have been shown to form nodule-like structures in vitro through differentiation to a phenotype with osteogenic character. Additionally, in vitro nodules are characterized by activated smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) positive AVICs and high levels of apoptosis [1–2]. Mechanical strain has also been shown to influence nodule formation in excised AV leaflets [3]. Our lab has recently developed a model system that recapitulates the formation of calcific nodules in vitro [4]. AVICs treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h prior to the addition of 15% cyclic strain in a Flexcell strain system form nodules that appear to be dependent upon the initiation of AVIC activation. These observations are consistent with previous studies that have shown that αSMA expression is required for nodule formation by AVICs in static culture, with statins shown to inhibit in vitro nodule formation [1]. However, retrospective epidemiological studies have shown that these drugs may not be as effective in preventing calcific valve disease in patients [5]. Additionally, the molecular target and relevant pathways for statins in AVICs remain largely unknown. Therefore, a therapeutically relevant target to prevent AVIC activation and subsequent nodule formation is greatly needed. In this study we investigated the ability of antagonists to 5-HT2B, a receptor known to be upstream of TGF-β1, to oppose strain- and TGF-β1-induced AVIC activation and nodule formation. We also assessed the efficacy of an antagonist to a receptor, the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), known to crosstalk with both 5-HT2B and TGF-β1 signaling in other cell types in inhibiting AVIC nodule formation. Our results indicate that 5-HT2B antagonism inhibits AVIC activation and nodule formation by blocking non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling, whereas AT1R antagonism does not inhibit these outcomes. We believe that the results of this study may indicate novel therapeutic targets to prevent the progression of AV calcification.
Reports on the topic "Nativa appar"
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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.