Journal articles: 'Native American Wars'

1

Ericson, David F. "The United States Military, State Development, and Slavery in the Early Republic." Studies in American Political Development 31, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x17000049.

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The U.S. military was the principal agent of American state development in the seven decades between 1791 and 1861. It fought wars, removed Native Americans, built internal improvements, expedited frontier settlement, deterred slave revolts, returned fugitive slaves, and protected existing property relations. These activities promoted state development along multiple axes, increasing the administrative capacities, institutional autonomy, political legitimacy, governing authority, and coercive powers of the American state. Unfortunately, the American political development literature has largely ignored the varied ways in which the presence of slavery influenced military deployments and, in turn, state development during the pre–Civil War period.

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Harmon, Alexandra, and David Hurst Thomas. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity." Journal of American History 88, no. 2 (September 2001): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675255.

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3

Snow, D. R. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity." Ethnohistory 48, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-48-4-713.

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4

Hantman, Jeffrey L. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity." American Ethnologist 28, no. 3 (August 2001): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2001.28.3.680.

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Anderson, Jeffrey. "Spirit Wars: Native North American Religions in the Age of Nation Building." American Ethnologist 30, no. 2 (May 2003): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2003.30.2.329.

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6

Howe, Craig. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity (review)." Wicazo Sa Review 16, no. 1 (2001): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wic.2001.0008.

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Rushforth, B. "Spirit Wars: Native North American Religions in the Age of Nation Building; Native Religions and Cultures of North America." Ethnohistory 49, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-49-2-414.

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8

Winfield, Betty Houchin, and Janice Hume. "The Continuous Past: Historical Referents in Nineteenth-Century American Journalism." Journalism & Communication Monographs 9, no. 3 (September 2007): 119–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152263790700900301.

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This study examines how nineteenth-century American journalism used history. Based primarily on almost 2,000 magazine article titles, the authors found a marked increase in historical referents by 1900. Primarily used for context and placement, historical references often noted the country's origins, leaders and wars, particularly the Civil War. By connecting the present to the past, journalists highlighted an American story worth remembering during a time of nation-building, increased magazine circulation, and rise of feature stories. References to past people, events and institutions reiterated a particular national history, not only to those long settled, but also to new immigrants. Journalistic textual silences were the histories of most women, African Americans, Native Americans and immigrants. This study found historical continuity in contrast to Lipsitz and a repeated national institutional core as opposed to Wiebe. It reinforced other memory studies about contemporary usefulness of the past, and agrees with Higham's contention that the century's journalistic reports created the initial awareness of the nation's history.

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BERGMANN, WILLIAM H. "Commerce and Arms: The Federal Government, Native Americans, and the Economy of the Old Northwest, 1783–1807." Journal of Economic History 66, no. 2 (June 2006): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706250204.

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This dissertation argues that the federal government played an essential role in the shaping of the western economy. American expansion necessitated not only that land be opened up, but also that the regional economy be reorganized. Specifically, the federal government did so in three ways. First, the military wrested control of the western economy from the tribes of the Northwest Territory through warfare, both during the Indian wars of the 1790s and later during the War of 1812. Second, the federal government sponsored the construction of roads throughout the region. Finally, colonial agencies of the federal government attempted to transform the Native American economy from one focused on fur trading to one centered on sedentary commercial agriculture.

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10

Millones, Luis. "The time of the Inca: the Colonial Indians' quest." Antiquity 66, no. 250 (March 1992): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081199.

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There are many ways to contrast the formation of the Spanish Empire with the disarticulation of the New World’s indigenous societies. In any perspective, it is vital to emphasize the resistance and adaptation of the native peoples, increasing the historical veracity of accounts. And our perception of the present would be false if we assumed that the historical interpenetration of the two systems had been concluded. The America nations of today are not simply the result of western occupation, but evince through their achievements, as well as their shortcomings, the continuing encounter. This construction through negation is also the source by which we explain the social behaviour and cultural products of the American peoples – especially its high cultures, whose populations resisted more successfully the violent wars of conquest and exploitation of resources.

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Subotić, Mile. "Theophan Fan Noli: Albanian American hierarch, politician, and writer." Sabornost, no. 14 (2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sabornost2014177s.

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Metropolitan Theophan Fan Noli was a leader of the Church both in America and his native Albania. He was a pioneer in calling for a united Orthodox Church in America and in the use of English in services. Noli began his life of service in the Church in the United States organizing Albanian parishes. With the Balkan Wars and the independence of Albania, Fan Noli devoted more of his time to the cause of Albania. He was Prime Minister of Albania in 1924. After a change in political climate, Bishop Theophan was forced to leave Albania. He was able to return to the United States in 1932. Upon arriving he retired from politics and resumed his duties as bishop of the Albanian Orthodox Church in America. Bishop Noli considered his Albanian Church as a daughter of the Russian Orthodox Church in America and looked to it for the creation of a single Orthodox Church in America. He continued to lead his flock and to advocate Orthodox unity until his death in 1965.

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Brooks, J. "Custerology: The Enduring Legacy of the Indian Wars and George Armstrong Custer; Speak Like Singing: Classics of Native American Literature." American Literature 80, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-2008-024.

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Sklansky, Jeffrey. "Richard White, The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865–1896." Business History Review 92, no. 2 (2018): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680518000405.

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The sprawling volumes in the long-running Oxford History of the United States series are intended to serve as comprehensive surveys for a general audience, a task at which Richard White's nearly thousand-page chronicle of the postbellum decades admirably succeeds. But the main interest of such syntheses for historians lies in their reconsideration of the master narratives that organize divergent developments at multiple levels into a cohesive account of American society as a whole in a pivotal period, constructing a framework for past scholarship and a platform for future work. The author's previous field-shaping studies of Native American history, Western history, environmental history, and business history make him well-suited to offer an overarching understanding of an era of climactic upheavals in all of these realms: the age of the last Indian wars and the extensive development of the Great Plains, the slaughter of the buffalo and the industrialization of agriculture, unprecedented class warfare, and the ascendance of big business, along with the meteoric career of Reconstruction and the violent restoration of white supremacy in the New South.

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Anastasia V., Dmitrieva. "Precedent Names of Non-native culture-bound Elements in the discourse of Russian political advertisement." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-1-32-47.

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The paper studies the cognitive and pragmatic aspect of functioning particularities of precedent names in multimodal videotexts of Russian political advertisement. The importance of investigating the meaning-making mechanisms involving precedent names as cultural signs in political discourse determines the research topicality. Special attention is devoted to the issues of actualization of extralinguistic information with the help of precedent onyms and concomitant non-verbal signs. The study raises the question of semantic diversification of precedent names in the context of Russian political advertisement. The research material involves the texts of political advertising video clips created during the presidential campaigns in Russia from 1990s to the present time. The analysis of the text corpus in compliance with the cognitive and discursive approach has allowed to determine the main concepts represented by the precedent names and characterize their role in the worldview conveyed in the studied videotexts. The research has revealed a wide range of spheres of concepts encompassing the studied precedent names, such as history, politics, geography, international conflicts and wars, art, fairy tales and cartoons, economy and mass media. Different ways of correlation of verbal and non-verbal signs that actualize precedent onyms in the studied videotexts are discovered in the research. The analysis of pragmatic impact of the text involving precedent names has unveiled certain sense transformations: the intensification of particular semantic components aimed at addressing certain pragmatic tasks. The main functions of precedent names are expressive, emotive, illustrative and pragmatic ones. The majority of precedent onyms under consideration relate to European, North American and Asian culture-bound elements. The worldview represented by these precedent names reflects political opinions of the participants in the communicative events as well as topical trends in Russian political rhetoric.

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15

Greymorning, Stephen. "Spirit Wars: Native North American Religions in the Age of Nation Building, by Ronald Niezen, London and Los Angeles: University of California Press (2000). Reviewed by Stephen Greymorning." Journal of Political Ecology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v8i1.21624.

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MADDRA, SAM A. "Ronald Niezen, Spirit Wars: Native North American Religions in the Age of Nation Building (Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 2000, $18.95). Pp. 256. ISBN 0 520 20985 0." Journal of American Studies 36, no. 3 (December 2002): 513–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875802516959.

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Peers, Laura. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity. By David Hurst Thomas. Pp. 326. (Basic Books, New York, 2000.) £17.99, ISBN 0-465-09224-1, hardback." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 4 (October 2003): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003255504.

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Miller, J. R. "Spirit Wars: Native North American Religion in the Age of Nation Building, by Ronald NiezenSpirit Wars: Native North American Religion in the Age of Nation Building, by Ronald Niezen, with contributions by Manley Begay Jr., Kim Burgess, Phyllis Fast, Valerie Long Lambert, Bernard C. Perley, and Michael Wilcox. Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 2000. xviii, 256 pp. $45.00 U.S. (cloth), $17.95 U.S. (paper." Canadian Journal of History 37, no. 2 (August 2002): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.37.2.415.

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19

Stewart, Kenneth J. "A Bombshell of a Book: Gaussen’s Theopneustia and its Influence on Subsequent Evangelical Theology." Evangelical Quarterly 75, no. 3 (April 16, 2003): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07503002.

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Louis Gaussen (1790-1863), Reformed pastor at Geneva, was a cultured upholder of Protestant orthodoxy in an age of decline and a supporter of the evangelical awakening in Geneva after the Napoleonic wars. From 1834, he taught in a shadow faculty of evangelical theology in the Swiss city. No work of Gaussen’s has had a wider influence than Theopneustia: The Bible Its Divine Origin and Entire Inspiration (Paris, 1840; Edinburgh and London 1841). This work was continuously in print for at least 130 years, with the latest American edition being issued in 1971. Yet this work rankled some reviewers from the start. Francophone reviewers questioned its theological method. Those in the United Kingdom resented his criticisms of three native evangelical theologians: Daniel Wilson, John Dick, and J. Pye Smith, who argued that only varying degrees of a plenary inspiration had been required to produce the Bible. Impatient with this (it seemed to him concessive view), Gaussen contended that inspiration had been uniformly oracular – i.e. prophetic in manner. USA reviews lionized the volume by judging it to represent historic orthodoxy. By the turn of the century, Gaussen and portions of his argument had entered the evangelical mainstream and Theopneustia had become the handbook of a rising Fundamentalist movement. But was it perhaps a Trojan horse? And has recent evangelical theology eliminated some questionable emphases it introduced?

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20

Geddes, Linda. "Tribal wars: Genetic testing divides Native Americans." New Scientist 210, no. 2817 (June 2011): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)61412-7.

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21

Hancock, Ian. "The East European Roots of Romani Nationalism." Nationalities Papers 19, no. 3 (1991): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999108408203.

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The Oxford English Dictionary defines nation as “a distinct race or people, characterized by common descent, language or history, usually organized as a separate political state and occupying a definite territory.” Nationalism in turn may be defined as a sense of identity as a people, and the efforts resulting to foster this and to obtain recognition as a distinct population, bound by common historical, cultural, linguistic, political, religious or other ties in the eyes of the larger society.While in the broadest sense the term “nation” may apply to a non-politically autonomous ethnic group consisting of only a few hundred individuals (cf. the West African or Native American use of the word as an equivalent to “tribe”), it is most often used synonymously with the notion of an actual country, the existence of an independent geographical homeland being an integral part of its interpretation. However, as the dictionary definition indicates, this is usually, and therefore by implication not invariably, a defining criterion. There have been nations of people lacking a homeland (or a homeland allowing them access or control) throughout history. The pre-1948 Jewish population, for example, or the Palestinians in the present day. Bloody wars have been fought because of the existence of nations of people lacking their own autonomous territory.It is into this latter category that the Romani nation fits and, though the efforts to secure a geographical homeland were central to the nationalist movement, especially during the 1930s and 1940s, the price paid for not having one has been heavy.

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Buckley, Michael. "Ancient collagen reveals evolutionary history of the endemic South American ‘ungulates’." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1806 (May 7, 2015): 20142671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2671.

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Since the late eighteenth century, fossils of bizarre extinct creatures have been described from the Americas, revealing a previously unimagined chapter in the history of mammals. The most bizarre of these are the ‘native’ South American ungulates thought to represent a group of mammals that evolved in relative isolation on South America, but with an uncertain affinity to any particular placental lineage. Many authors have considered them descended from Laurasian ‘condylarths’, which also includes the probable ancestors of perissodactyls and artiodactyls, whereas others have placed them either closer to the uniquely South American xenarthrans (anteaters, armadillos and sloths) or the basal afrotherians (e.g. elephants and hyraxes). These hypotheses have been debated owing to conflicting morphological characteristics and the hitherto inability to retrieve molecular information. Of the ‘native’ South American mammals, only the toxodonts and litopterns persisted until the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene. Owing to known difficulties in retrieving ancient DNA (aDNA) from specimens from warm climates, this research presents a molecular phylogeny for both Macrauchenia patachonica (Litopterna) and Toxodon platensis (Notoungulata) recovered using proteomics-based (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) sequencing analyses of bone collagen. The results place both taxa in a clade that is monophyletic with the perissodactyls, which today are represented by horses, rhinoceroses and tapirs.

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Paulet, Anne. "To Change the World: The use of American Indian Education in the Philippines." History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 2 (May 2007): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2007.00088.x.

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In a Brule Sioux legend, Iktome, the trickster, warns the various Plains tribes of the coming of the white man: “You are the Ikche-Wichasha—the plain, wild, untamed people,” he tells the Lakota, “but this man will misname you and call you by all kinds of false names. He will try to tame you, try to remake you after himself.” Iktome, in essence, describes the conflict that occurred when American Indians encountered Euro-Americans, who judged the Indians in relation to themselves and found the Indians lacking. Having already misnamed the people “Indians,” Euro-Americans proceeded to label them, among other things, “savages.” By the latter half of the nineteenth-century, such terms carried scientific meaning and seemed to propose to Americans that Native Americans, having “failed to measure up” to the standards of white society, were doomed to extinction unless they changed their ways, unless they were “remade.” And that was, indeed, the aim of American endeavors at Native American education, to remake or, in the words of Carlisle president Richard H. Pratt, “Kill the Indian in him, and save the man.” These educational efforts at restructuring Native American lifestyles were more than the culmination of the battle over definitional control; they were precedents for future American imperial expansion as the United States discovered, at the turn of the century, that “Indians” also lived overseas and that, just like those at home, they needed to be properly educated in the American way of life. The United States' experience with American Indians thus provided both justification for overseas expansion, particularly into the Philippine Islands, and an educational precedent that would enable Americans to claim that their expansion was different from European imperialism based on the American use of education to transform the cultures of their subjects and prepare them for self-government rather than continued colonial control.

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Syukrianto, Ristan Taufiq. "Within Indian wars and the Wounded Knee massacre." Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v10i1.45169.

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Besides recorded in textbooks, historical events sometimes are adopted into literary works. Rebecca Wiles’ Bury Me at Wounded Knee is one of which since it portrays the Indian Wars and the Wounded Knee Massacre on 29 December 1890. The clause Bury Me at Wounded Knee in the poem is a form of self-determination of Native Americans. This paper aims at mapping the causal relation of historical events found in the poem to examine the Native Americans’’ self-determination inside it. As the basis, the paper employs the Historicism theory and Self-Determination theory (SDT) about autonomous and controlled motivations. The results found that the Native Americans’ self-determination in the poem is an undermined one. It is built by their internal autonomous motivation of deeply rooted culture and beliefs. However, the encroachments of the U.S. government who seized their rights, acted as controlled extrinsic motivations, internalized and thwarted the intrinsic motivation so that the self-determination is undermined. It decreases in the degree from an eagerness to act and resist to merely a wish of being buried in the location where they die and think of extinction.

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McCoy, Leah P., and Jean M. Shaw. "Patchwork Quilts: Connections with Geometry, Technology and Culture." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 9, no. 1 (September 2003): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.9.1.0046.

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Patchwork quilts are an important part of American culture and history. The patchwork designs are geometric, and early American women used mathematics and artistry as they sewed warm covers for their families. The history of quilts can be traced through several cultures, including that of Native Americans, western pioneers, slaves escaping through the Underground Railroad, and immigrants from Europe and Asia. Often, students have seen quilts in their homes and are interested in exploring the patterns. Quilt making is related to family heritage, and the study of quilts may connect young students with their grandparents or family histories.

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Schlimgen, Veta. "The Invention of “Noncitizen American Nationality” and the Meanings of Colonial Subjecthood in the United States." Pacific Historical Review 89, no. 3 (2020): 317–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.3.317.

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This article contributes to histories of formal American imperialism by telling the stories of Filipinas/os and Puerto Ricans who, after 1899, became “noncitizen American nationals.” Drawing on congressional, legal, and administrative sources, the article argues that noncitizen nationality was colonial subjecthood, a status invented to prevent island peoples from becoming U.S. citizens. Filipinas/os and Puerto Ricans were not the first U.S. colonial subjects, and this article shows how the similar status of “ward” had recently come to define the relationship between the U.S. and Native Americans. The article closes with an examination of some of the rights, liberties, opportunities, and obligations that gave substance and meaning to American colonial subjecthood in the early twentieth century.

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Camuñas, Elena, and Manuel B. Crespo. "THE GENUS HOFFMANNSEGGIA CAV. (FABACEAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE), NEW FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN FLORA." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 47, no. 4 (May 13, 1999): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1999.10676785.

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Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert is a perennial herb native mostly to Central and South America, which is reported for the Iberian and European floras from material collected in the coastal, warm, and dry territories of Alicante province (southeastern Spain). This seems to be the first record of the genus and the species in Europe and the Mediterranean basin, and it is also the first extra-American record for the genus. This plant is briefly described, and chorological, ecological, biological, and phytosociological data are also presented.

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Espinosa, José Manuel. "COLOMBIA AND WORLD WAR I. THE EXPERIENCE OF A NEUTRAL LATIN AMERICAN NATION DURING THE GREAT WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1914-1921." Memorias, no. 32 (April 15, 2017): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.32.10364.

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Magliari, Michael F. "Masters, Apprentices, and Kidnappers." California History 97, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.2.2.

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Although it was admitted to the Union as a free state in 1850, labor-starved gold-rush California permitted employers to bind Native Americans as unfree leased convicts, minor custodial wards, debt peons, and, between 1860 and 1863, indentured servants or “apprentices.” As a key component of California's elaborate system of unfree Native American labor, Indian apprenticeship flourished for three years until its abolition during the Civil War in the wake of the Emancipation Proclamation. Little remembered today, much remains obscure regarding the essential details of Indian apprenticeship and the illegal slave trade that emerged to supply the considerable market demand for bound labor. This essay focuses on Humboldt County in northwestern California, where significant numbers of white residents made extensive use of Native American apprentices at the same time that many of their neighbors demanded—and began carrying out—the forced removal and outright extermination of local Indian peoples. Building on valuable data that the anthropologist Robert Heizer extracted in 1971 from the unique but now missing cache of over a hundred surviving indentures discovered in 1915 by the historian Owen C. Coy, this study offers two detailed group profiles of Humboldt County's white employers and their legally bound Native American workers. These collective portraits reveal the social, economic, and demographic compositions of frontier California's master and servant classes while simultaneously tracing both the rise and the fall of Indian apprenticeship within the violent racial context of Humboldt County during the gold rush and the Civil War.

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Weaver, Jace. "Give Me My Father's Body: The Life of Minik, the New York Eskimo, and: The Riddle of the Bones: Politics, Science, Race, and the Story of the Kennewick Man, and: Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity, and: The Settlement of the Americas: A New Prehistory (review)." Wicazo Sa Review 17, no. 2 (2002): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wic.2002.0023.

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Nesterov, Dmitriy A. "Colonial experience of intercultural interaction on the example of Indian wars of the 17th century." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202204.

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This paper discusses European and American Indian responses to intercultural murders in colonial America in the seventeenth century. The main differences between the legal traditions of European settlers and American natives are identified. The main thing among them was the lack of institutionalized structures among Indian tribes and the existence of collective responsibility for the crime when the whole clan of the offender was punished. In this historical period many Indian tribes tried to replace the principle of blood feud by the cost of various commodities, arbitrage on the part of the sachems, condolence ceremonies etc. The main problem of responses to intercultural murders was the unwillingness of the parties to agree on one common jurisdiction. In this regard, any murder involving any Indian or European had an opportunity to turn into a mass conflict or even a war. The first case was the murder of the English captain John Stone, gave rise to the beginning of the Pequot War. The second case was the murder of the Indian Christian John Sassamon. In this case the colonists first declared that they had the right to judge and condemn the Indians in accordance with the English standards of justice. All this led directly to the conflict known as the King Philips War. These intercultural murders were one of the ways to expand the territories of the European colonies and strengthening of the settlers power in the region.

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Vandersee, Charles. "How Rich's Sunflower and Her Family Bind a Nation." Prospects 26 (October 2001): 575–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001046.

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As Flower, As Edible Root nourishing Natives and wanderers, and as witness to the nation's work force and wars, Helianthus tuberosus repeatedly drew itself to the attention of Adrienne Rich as she drove across the country:Late summers, early autumns, you can see something that bindsthe map of this country together: the girasol, orange gold-petalledwith her black eye, laces the roadsides from Vermont to California runs the edges of orchards, chain-link fencesmilo fields and malls, schoolyards and reservationstruckstops and quarries, grazing ranges, graveyardsof veterans, graveyards of cars hulked and sunk, her tubers the jerusalem artichokethat has fed the Indians, fed the hobos, could feed us all.Is there anything in the soil, cross-country, that makes for a plant so generous? (11)Here in part IV of her impressive long poem “An Atlas of the Difficult World” (1991) Rich does not use the botanist's Latin, and she gives no further details about girasol (Jerusalem artichoke), a member of the sunflower family, all of whose varieties are native to the Americas. She (the plant) thrives everywhere, in places both mainstream and marginal, and being thus omnipresent she can feed people in all walks of life.

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CESCHIN, SIMONA, DARIO RAIMONDI, FLAMINIA MARIANI, and GIOVANNI SALERNO. "First record of the non-native flowering plant Dichondra argentea (Convolvulaceae) in southern Europe and Italy: floristic, distributive and ecological notes." Phytotaxa 456, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.1.9.

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Dichondra Forster & Forster (1776: 39) is one of the oldest genera included in the Convolvulaceae family and is estimated to include 15 species that are native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of Americas, New Zealand and Australia (Tharp & Johnston 1961, Staples et al. 2017, Delgado et al. 2018).

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Debouck, D. G. "Phaseolus beans (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae): a checklist and notes on their taxonomy and ecology." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 15, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 73–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v15.i1.1052.

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This work presents an updated list of the species belonging to the genus Phaseolus following its definition of 1978; it is the outcome of the study of eighty-six herbaria and forty-one explorations in the field in the period 1978–2019. There are currently eighty-one species, all of them native to the Americas, most of them distributed north of Panama (the genus is a migrant into South America), and half of them being known by very few records. They thrive in warm to mild temperate, seasonally dry, open forest, with rains under favorable temperature, from sea level up to 3,000 m. The recent increase in the number of recognized species is due to the endemic ones; this in combination with few unclassified specimens may indicate that the total number of species is not final yet, and that field work will be rewarding.

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Macdonald, Douglas H., Jordan C. Mcintyre, and Michael C. Livers. "Understanding the Role of Yellowstone Lake in the Prehistory of Interior Northwestern North America." North American Archaeologist 33, no. 3 (July 2012): 251–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.33.3.b.

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As North America's largest, high-elevation lake, Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, played an important role in the lifeways of Great Plains, Great Basin, and Rocky Mountains Native Americans during prehistory. Various hypotheses suggest that the lake was important during the spring for fishing, during the winter for hunting, and/or during warm months for generalized foraging. Because the lake's islands contain archaeological sites, some also have proposed that boats were utilized during prehistory at the lake. Using ethnohistoric, archaeological, and spatial data, we evaluate these suppositions about use of Yellowstone Lake. We suggest that annual use of the lake was initiated in early spring when the lake was frozen providing access to islands and continued through the summer. Lithic data and ethnohistoric research support the hypothesis that multiple ethnic groups used the lake in prehistory because it is a concentrated resource area.

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McKenna, Rebecca Tinio. "Igorot Squatters and Indian Wards: Toward an Intra-imperial History of Land Dispossession." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000683.

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AbstractThis essay considers two land disputes that took place in the first decade of U.S. rule in the Philippines and that reached the U.S. Supreme Court:Cariño v. Insular Government(1909) andReavis v. Fianza(1909). In arguing their cases, litigants were forced to reckon with the property rights regime of the former Spanish empire. In this regard, the cases affirm the import of inter-imperial frameworks for understanding colonial problems of land ownership and sovereignty. When arguing over the rightful owners of Philippine lands, parties to these cases also drew on the history and legal bases of land dispossession and settler colonialism in the American West. Further, in later decades, the arguments made in one of these cases would figure into legal conflicts over Native American lands. These cases thus suggest the value of also examining intra-imperial relationships, the emphasis of this essay. They demonstrate how histories and legal structures of settler-driven “expansion” and extra-continental colonialism informed, even constituted, each other.

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Abdullah, Abu Shahid. "Rewriting rural community and dictatorial history through magical realism in Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2015-0014.

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Abstract Márquez was greatly influenced by his grandmother’s story-telling ability, and was highly indebted to the socio-political history of Latin America, particularly Colombia. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, he wants to reconstruct the lost world of childhood by using magical realism which gives expression to the world-view of a rural people who live in isolation from modern world. By retelling the official history from the perspective of the oppressed, he reveals the fact that history is never factual and impartial but serves the interest of those who write it. Through the banana company massacre and the subsequent hide and seek over the number of dead workers, Márquez exposes the way official history becomes fabricated and distorted by authorities, and fails to provide the original occurrences. He was disgusted with the political violence and civil wars which had distraught people; he was also against capitalism, scientific and technological inventions, and so-called modernization, which are the means through which foreign culture brings corruption and brutality, dominates, exploits and oppresses the natives, and threatens the native culture and identity. By employing magical realism, he was able to recreate Colombian history to protest against the way capitalism dominated the socio-political and economic structure of the region.

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Chmielewski, Jerry G., and John C. Semple. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 114. Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom (Aster pilosus Willd.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-074.

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Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom, the white heath aster, is a robust, native North American, polyploid, herbaceous perennial. Until recently the species was treated as part of Aster. Its placement in the segregate genus Symphyotrichum follows the revised generic combinations proposed for North American asters. Occurring throughout eastern North America from Nova Scotia and Maine in the northeast, southward to Georgia, west ward through southern Quebec and Ontario to Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, and Arkansas in disturbed areas such as fallow land, roadsides, dumps, quarries, arable fields, railroad beds, and embankments, the species is troublesome in the United States but a weed of minor importance in Canada. Two varieties, var. pilosum and var. pringlei are recognized. The former, the hairy variety, is weedier than the latter, the hairless variety. The species commonly occurs in fields following the first year of abandonment and may dominate in the second, or subsequent years. Control may be achieved through the application of selected herbicides. Also, even a moderate amount of grazing by herbivores such as small rodents and rabbits is sufficient to restrict growth in the species. Mildew is chronic and widespread in natural populations but typically neither kills the plants nor prevents seed production. This contribution summarizes the known biological data for the species. Key words: Symphyotrichum pilosum, Aster pilosus, white heath aster, weed biology, var. pilosum, var. pringlei

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Bordbar, Farzaneh, and Pierre Meerts. "Patterns in the alien flora of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a comparison of Asteraceae and Fabaceae." Plant Ecology and Evolution 153, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1754.

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Background and aims – This work provides the first pattern analysis of the alien flora of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), using Asteraceae and Fabaceae as a case study. Methods – Based on herbarium collections, existing databases, and literature data, a database of 38 alien species of Asteraceae and 79 alien species of Fabaceae has been assembled. Patterns in the introduction pathway, phylogeny, life form, morpho-functional traits, geographic origin, and occurrence in D.R. Congo are explored. Key results – America is the main source continent in both families, but Asia is also an important donor of Fabaceae. Taxonomic spectrum discrepancies between the alien and the native flora reflect the continent of origin. Sixty-six percent of alien Asteraceae have been accidentally introduced, most of which being annual weeds of disturbed soil. In contrast, 90% of alien Fabaceae have been deliberately introduced for forestry, agriculture, or environmental purposes, most of which being phanerophytes. Traits were compared between pairs of congeneric alien and native species. For Asteraceae, a sharp discrepancy was found in the life form spectrum (aliens: mostly therophytes; natives: phanerophytes). For Fabaceae, alien species had larger leaves and larger pods compared to their native congeners. The number of specimens in collections was positively correlated with the time since the date of first collection for both families. The Guineo-Congolian region has the highest number of alien Fabaceae, while alien Asteraceae are overrepresented in the Zambezian region.Conclusions – Contrasting patterns between alien Asteraceae and Fabaceae in the flora of D.R. Congo in terms of life forms, trait divergence compared to the native flora, and occurrence, reflect the divergent biological attributes and relations to humans of the two families. The striking discrepancies between the two families call for analyses of patterns of alien flora at family level and warn against global generalisations.

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Roy, Sophie, Jean-Pierre Simon, and François-Joseph Lapointe. "Determination of the origin of the cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in eastern North America: a total-evidence approach using RAPD DNA and DNA sequences." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-122.

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This survey attempts to establish the origin of cold-adapted populations of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) in North America using molecular techniques, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and two types of sequences: chloroplast intron (trnL (UAA)) and rDNA nuclear spacer (ITS 1). There exists many possible scenarios to explain the origin of E. crus-galli in eastern Canada (Quebec), but we dwelled on two particular hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive. The first hypothesis stipulates that the populations originated only from Europe, whereas the second implies that native subtropical and warm-temperate populations migrated from the south towards northern regions. To assess the likelihood of these hypotheses, the genetic distance matrices obtained from RAPD markers, nuclear, and chloroplastic sequences were combined and tested against the competing models. A principal coordinate analysis was used to discriminate among populations sampled from three different regions (i.e., Quebec, American east coast, and western Europe) and an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) detected a significant genetic structure among these populations (FST = 0.110, p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons further indicated that European populations were significantly different from all other populations, whereas North American populations were not different from one another. The combined sequences revealed eight different haplotypes. Six populations were characterized by unique haplotypes, while one haplotype was shared by 3 of the 12 North American populations. The last and most common haplotype was observed in 9 of the 18 populations from all three regions. The tests computed thus supported the second hypothesis suggesting that the cold-adapted populations of eastern Canada are probably derived from other North American populations rather than European populations.Key words: AMOVA, RAPD, rDNA, cpDNA, genetic variation, population structure.

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MacDonald, Ryan J., Sarah Boon, James M. Byrne, Mike D. Robinson, and Joseph B. Rasmussen. "Potential future climate effects on mountain hydrology, stream temperature, and native salmonid life history." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 2 (February 2014): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0221.

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Native salmonids of western North America are subject to many environmental pressures, most notably the effects of introduced species and environmental degradation. To better understand how native salmonids on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains may respond to future changes in climate, we applied a process-based approach to hydrologic and stream temperature modelling. This study demonstrates that stream thermal regimes in western Alberta, Canada, may only warm during the summer period, while colder thermal regimes during spring, fall, and winter could result from response to earlier onset of spring freshet. Model results of future climate impacts on hydrology and stream temperature are corroborated by an intercatchment comparison of stream temperature, air temperature, and hydrological conditions. Earlier fry emergence as a result of altered hydrological and thermal regimes may favour native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisii) in isolated headwater streams. Colder winter stream temperatures could result in longer incubation periods for native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and limit threatened westslope cutthroat trout habitat.

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Glawe, Dean A., Tess Barlow, and Michael E. Matheron. "First Report of Powdery Mildew of Tecoma capensis Caused by Erysiphe peruviana in North America." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0315-04-br.

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Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. (Bignoniaceae, common name: Cape honeysuckle), native to southern Africa, is grown as an ornamental plant in warm regions of the USA. The powdery mildew reported previously from T. capensis in North America was an undetermined Oidium species in Florida. The present report documents the occurrence of the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe peruviana (Syd.) U. Braun & S. Takam. on T. capensis in Arizona. Accepted for publication 4 January 2010. Published 15 March 2010.

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Strang, Cameron. "Scientific Instructions and Native American Linguistics in the Imperial United States: The Department of War's 1826 Vocabulary." Journal of the Early Republic 37, no. 3 (2017): 399–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2017.0045.

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Guo, Jia, Patrick J. Brown, Albert L. Rayburn, Carolyn J. Butts-Wilmsmeyer, Arvid Boe, and DoKyoung Lee. "Genomic Variation Shaped by Environmental and Geographical Factors in Prairie Cordgrass Natural Populations Collected across Its Native Range in the USA." Genes 12, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081240.

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Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) is a native perennial warm-season (C4) grass common in North American prairies. With its high biomass yield and abiotic stress tolerance, there is a high potential of developing prairie cordgrass for conservation practices and as a dedicated bioenergy crop for sustainable cellulosic biofuel production. However, as with many other undomesticated grass species, little information is known about the genetic diversity or population structure of prairie cordgrass natural populations as compared to their ecotypic and geographic adaptation in North America. In this study, we sampled and characterized a total of 96 prairie cordgrass natural populations with 9315 high quality SNPs from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. The natural populations were collected from putative remnant prairie sites throughout the Midwest and Eastern USA, which are the major habitats for prairie cordgrass. Partitioning of genetic variance using SNP marker data revealed significant variance among and within populations. Two potential gene pools were identified as being associated with ploidy levels, geographical separation, and climatic separation. Geographical factors such as longitude and altitude, and environmental factors such as annual temperature, annual precipitation, temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of Spring, and precipitation of the wettest month are important in affecting the intraspecific distribution of prairie cordgrass. The divergence of prairie cordgrass natural populations also provides opportunities to increase breeding value of prairie cordgrass as a bioenergy and conservation crop.

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Bray, Tamara L. "Riddle of the Bones: Politics, Science, Race, and the Story of Kennewick Man. Roger Downey 2000. Springer-Verlag, New York, xi + 202 pp. $25.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-387-98877-7. - Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity. David H. Thomas 2000. Basic Books, New York, xxxix + 326 pp. $25.00 (cloth), ISBN 0-465-09224-1." American Antiquity 66, no. 3 (July 2001): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694263.

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Saielli, Thomas M., Paul G. Schaberg, Gary J. Hawley, Joshua M. Halman, and Kendra M. Gurney. "Nut cold hardiness as a factor influencing the restoration of American chestnut in northern latitudes and high elevations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 5 (May 2012): 849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-033.

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American chestnut ( Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was functionally removed as a forest tree by chestnut blight (caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr). Hybrid-backcross breeding between blight-resistant Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima Blume) and American chestnut is used to support species restoration. However, preliminary evidence suggests that backcross material may not have the cold hardiness needed for restoration in the northern portions of the species’ range. The cold tolerance of nuts is of concern because reproductive tissues are particularly sensitive to freezing damage. We assessed nut cold tolerance for 16 American chestnut, four Chinese chestnut, and four red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) (a native competitor) sources to better assess genetic variation in nut hardiness. We found that Chinese chestnut nuts were less cold tolerant than American chestnut and red oak nuts and that American chestnut sources from the south were less cold tolerant than sources from the north, with significant differences among sources within all regions. We also assessed how sources varied among temperature zones (sources separated by average winter temperature lows at source locations). Sources from the cold temperature zone were more cold tolerant and less variable in hardiness than sources from warm and moderate zones.

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Hong, Yu, D. Creech, Wang Chuanyong, Gu Yin, and He Shanan. "SUITABLE REGIONS FOR BLUEBERRY GROWING IN CHINA." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 502D—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.502d.

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The native species of Vaccinium are distributed in both northeast and south of China but more species are in the South. Ecologically, there is a vast territory in the South with acidic soils and plenty of precipitation and warm weather. On the other hand in the northeast regions temperature in winter is usually a problem for cultivated blueberries and protection from freezing is necessary for young plantations. Based on the result of introduction of cultivars, including rabbiteye, southern highbush and lowbush blueberries, in both northern and southern parts in China during the last 2 decades authors suggested that the most prospective regions for blueberry growing could be mostly in south of China. In the between of the two regions the natural ecological conditions are not appropriate for blueberry growing but plantations under plastic film appeared relatively vigorous. 12 rabbiteye blueberry cultivars have been tested in the south and the performance of growth and fruiting are good. It is expected that the average of yield could reach about 15 t·ha–1. The quality of fruits is similar to that of the natives in North America. Up to now there are less insects and diseases damages. It seems that the regions in the south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River provide good conditions for blueberry commercial growing.

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Sharma, Sapna, and Donald A. Jackson. "Predicting smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) occurrence across North America under climate change: a comparison of statistical approaches." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-178.

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Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) is a warm-water fish species that is native to central and eastern North America. Climate change scenarios predict further extension northward of suitable habitat for smallmouth bass, which may negatively affect native fish species. We developed and compared predictive models of the distribution of bass in North America using four statistical approaches: logistic regression, classification tree, discriminant analysis, and artificial neural networks. We collected 4181 geo-referenced records of smallmouth bass occurrence and matched them with climate data. Artificial neural networks performed the best with the highest sensitivity (correctly predicting species presence) and specificity (correctly predicting absence), followed by discriminant analysis. Artificial neural networks indicated that winter air temperatures were the most important predictors of smallmouth bass occurrence, whereas the other approaches indicated that summer air temperatures were the best predictors of bass occurrence. Logistic regression and classification tree exhibited very low sensitivity, but very high specificity as a result of the large proportion of absences within the data set. Business-as-usual climate change scenarios suggest that smallmouth bass are expected to have suitable thermal habitat throughout most of Canada and the continental United States by 2100.

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Marek, S. M., I. R. Moncrief, and N. R. Walker. "First Report of Dollar Spot of Buffalograss Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Oklahoma." Plant Disease 92, no. 8 (August 2008): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-8-1249b.

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Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) is a perennial, warm-season grass native to the central plains of North America and a dominant plant over much of the shortgrass prairie ecosystem. Its prostrate growth habit and excellent drought tolerance make it a commercially promising turfgrass species, and numerous turf-type cultivars have been released. In the spring of 2007, the southern plains states experienced prolonged periods of excessive precipitation during which numerous buffalograss swards throughout north-central Oklahoma exhibited symptoms of dollar spot (1). A fungus morphologically identical to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Bennett was consistently isolated from diseased buffalograss leaves collected from three locations in Oklahoma, two from Payne County and one from Logan County. Thirty-day-old seedlings of B. dactyloides (‘Cody’ and ‘Topgun’) and Agrostis stolonifera (‘SR1020’) were inoculated by placing potato dextrose agar (PDA) plugs, colonized by mycelia of each S. homoeocarpa isolate, onto the seedlings' leaves. Sterile PDA plugs were placed on plants as controls. Leaf lesions developed after 4 days only on inoculated plants, and S. homoeocarpa was reisolated from lesions, satisfying Koch's postulates. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified from DNA extracted from cultures of the three buffalograss isolates and a bentgrass isolate using primers ITS4 and ITS5 (2) and sequenced. Sequences were similar to one another (97 to 99% identical), however, two isolates shared a 420-bp, type I intron in the 18S small subunit rDNA. A search of GenBank at NCBI found the ITS sequences were most similar to the ITS regions of other S. homoeocarpa accessions (97% identical). The ITS sequences from the four isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. EU123800–EU123803). To our knowledge, this is the first report of dollar spot on a native, warm-season grass in the United States and the disease appears to be endemic to buffalograss in Oklahoma and Kansas (N. A. Tisserat, personal communication). References: (1) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 22 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press Inc., New York, 1990.

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Bahm, Matt A., Thomas G. Barnes, and Kent C. Jensen. "Restoring Native Plant Communities in Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis)–Dominated Grasslands." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 2 (April 2011): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00047.1.

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AbstractSmooth brome (Bromus inermis) is an introduced, cool-season perennial, sod-forming grass that has been shown to invade both native cool-and warm-season grasslands throughout North America. During the fall of 2005 through spring 2007, we implemented a smooth brome removal study at five sites in eastern South Dakota. Sites were selected to represent a range of soil and environmental conditions. Seven fall herbicide treatments, five spring herbicide treatments, an untreated plot that was planted with a native seed mix, and an untreated control that received no herbicide or seed addition were applied at each location in fall 2005/spring 2006 and fall 2006/spring 2007. Based upon first-year results, three fall herbicide treatments and two spring herbicide treatments were added in fall 2006/spring 2007. Sites were seeded with a native plant mix within 2 wk following spring herbicide treatment. Smooth brome cover in untreated plots ranged from 73 to 99% at the conclusion of the study. Smooth brome cover on herbicide-treated plots ranged from 0 to 84% on 2005/2006 plots and 0 to 98% on 2006/2007 plots after three growing seasons. Native plant response varied by site and treatment, possibly due to competition from exotic weeds. Although several herbicides show promise for control of smooth brome, future response of native plants will be important in determining the proper timing and herbicide combination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Native American Wars'

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