Journal articles: 'Native born'

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Peri, Giovanni, and Chad Sparber. "Task Specialization, Immigration, and Wages." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 3 (2009): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.135.

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Large inflows of less educated immigrants may reduce wages paid to comparably-educated, native-born workers. However, if less educated foreign- and native-born workers specialize in different production tasks, because of different abilities, immigration will cause natives to reallocate their task supply, thereby reducing downward wage pressure. Using occupational task-intensity data from the O*NET dataset and individual US census data, we demonstrate that foreign-born workers specialize in occupations intensive in manual-physical labor skills while natives pursue jobs more intensive in communication-language tasks. This mechanism can explain why economic analyses find only modest wage consequences of immigration for less educated native-born workers. (JEL J24, J31, J61)

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Hatton, Timothy J. "The Immigrant Assimilation Puzzle in Late Nineteenth-Centuty America." Journal of Economic History 57, no. 1 (1997): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700017915.

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Recent studies suggest that the earnings of pre-1890 immigrants grew slowly compared with those of natives and imply that these immigrants did not assimilate well into the American labor market. Using data for Michigan and California this article estimates new specifications for immigrant and native-born earnings, and finds that immigrants who arrived as children had similar earnings profiles to the native-born. Immigrants who arrived as adults suffered an initial earnings disadvantage but their earnings grew faster than those of the native-born. These results are consistent with the traditional view that pre-1890 immigrants assimilated well.

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Montazer, Shirin. "Immigration, Homeownership, and Mental Health." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312211393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221139361.

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The author examines if the association between immigration and mental health, as measured by psychological distress, is altered by homeownership status among a sample of immigrants to Toronto, Canada compared with the native-born ( n = 1,909). Adjusted multivariate results indicate lower psychological distress among foreign-born homeowners compared with native-born renters and owners and foreign-born renters. This association is due in part to greater ontological security among immigrant homeowners, compared with renters (native-born and foreign-born) and higher perceived status attainment compared with foreign-born renters. However, contrary to predictions, the lower psychological distress among foreign-born owners, compared with native-born owners, is not due to higher ontological security among this group of the foreign-born compared with their native-born counterparts.

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Roberts, David B. "Albertus Pictor: A Native-born Swede?" Konsthistorisk tidskrift/Journal of Art History 83, no. 1 (2014): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00233609.2014.885463.

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COBB-CLARK, DEBORAH A., and VINCENT A. HILDEBRAND. "The Asset Portfolios of Native-born and Foreign-born Australian Households." Economic Record 85, no. 268 (2009): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2008.00528.x.

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Hirsch, Oliver, Norbert Donner-Banzhoff, and Viktoria Bachmann. "Measurement Equivalence of Four Psychological Questionnaires in Native-Born Germans, Russian-Speaking Immigrants, and Native-Born Russians." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 24, no. 3 (2013): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659613482003.

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Owen, David. "“Native here and to the manner born”." English Text Construction 4, no. 2 (2011): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.4.2.06owe.

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In the context of academic publication, there is a need to recognise the validity and acceptability of texts written by non-native authors that, whilst eschewing formal error, may nevertheless still fail to correspond to the pragmatic expectations imposed by criteria of nativeness. In this article I describe what I take to be a form of linguistic imperialism at work in the processes of academic publication, most specifically as these refer to the manner in which the English of research reported in written format by nonnative speakers of English is treated by reviewers and editors. The article challenges the assumption that native standards of English should be the basic criteria of linguistic quality in international academic publication.Since a fundamental aim of such publication is effective diffusion of content, this paper proposes that journals be more open to variants of English that may not fully comply with the expectations of the ‘standard’ language, and it calls for language consciousness-raising on the part of all those involved in the writing/revising/publishing process with a view to insuring a fairer and less linguistically exclusive publishing scenario.

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Hao, Lingxin. "Wealth of Immigrant and Native-Born Americans." International Migration Review 38, no. 2 (2004): 518–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00208.x.

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Lowell, B. Lindsay. "The foreign born in the American healthcare workforce: Trends in this century’s first decade." Migration Letters 10, no. 2 (2013): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i2.142.

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This study describes the native and foreign born in US healthcare in the first decade of this century. Immigrant women are more likely than natives to be employed in long term care where they are most concentrated among professional practitioners and lesser skilled direct care workers. The foreign born are similar to natives in their average age, education and the dominance of women. They differ in being more likely to reside in metropolitan areas and in central cities. The foreign born earn more than natives and this appears to be both significant and inexplicable by way of differences in experience or education.

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Sharif, Najma R. "Occupational Attainment And The Earnings Of Native-Born And Foreign-Born Canadians." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 10 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i10.5993.

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The economic performance of immigrants has been studied primarily in terms of entry earnings and how these earnings evolve over time in the host country. The empirical analysis typically revolves around variants of an earnings function, which relates worker earnings to human capital and other individual characteristics. In this literature, the effects of occupational attainment on earnings are typically not modelled mainly because occupation is perceived as just another way of looking at earnings. However, as noted by Chiswick and Miller (2008), amongst others, occupation is the channel through which an individuals human capital translates into earnings. That is, education has both a direct impact on earnings and an indirect one operating through occupational status. Empirical findings for the US and Australia provide support for this view. Our objective in this paper is to extend this analysis to Canada, to assess how the earnings gains from human capital depend upon occupational status for both native-born and immigrant workers, and upon the length of residence of the latter in Canada. This will also shed light on the relative importance of the intra-occupational vis-a-vis inter-occupational mobility of immigrants in realizing earnings gains from education, in the short and longer term. The paper assesses these issues by looking at data drawn from the 2001 Canadian census.

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Urquia, Marcelo L., Yao Qiao, Joel G. Ray, Can Liu, and Anders Hjern. "Birth Outcomes of Foreign-Born, Native-Born, and Mixed Couples in Sweden." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 29, no. 2 (2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12179.

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Fierro, Inmaculada, José Luis Yáñez, and F. Javier Álvarez. "Differences in alcohol-related mortality between foreign-born and native-born Spaniards." International Journal of Drug Policy 21, no. 3 (2010): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.08.006.

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Elo, Irma T., Neil K. Mehta, and Cheng Huang. "Disability Among Native-born and Foreign-born Blacks in the United States." Demography 48, no. 1 (2011): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-010-0008-x.

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Albin, Björn, Katarina Hjelm, Jan Ekberg, and Sölve Elmståhl. "County Differences in Mortality among Foreign-Born Compared to Native Swedes 1970–1999." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/136581.

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Background. Regional variations in mortality and morbidity have been shown in Europe and USA. Longitudinal studies have found increased mortality, dissimilarities in mortality pattern, and differences in utilization of healthcare between foreign- and native-born Swedes. No study has been found comparing mortality among foreign-born and native-born Swedes in relation to catchment areas/counties.Methods. The aim was to describe and compare mortality among foreign-born persons and native Swedes during 1970–1999 in 24 counties in Sweden. Data from the Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare was used, and the database consisted of 723,948 persons, 361,974 foreign-born living in Sweden in 1970 and aged 16 years and above and 361,974 matched Swedish controls.Results. Latest county of residence independently explained higher mortality among foreign-born persons in all but four counties; OR varied from 1.01 to 1.29. Counties with a more rural structure showed the highest differences between foreign-born persons and native controls. Foreign-born persons had a lower mean age (1.0–4.3 years) at time of death.Conclusion. County of residence influences mortality; higher mortality is indicated among migrants than native Swedes in counties with a more rural structure. Further studies are needed to explore possible explanations.

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Silveira, Florencia, Mikaela J. Dufur, Jonathan A. Jarvis, and Kristie J. Rowley. "The Influence of Foreign-born Population on Immigrant and Native-born Students’ Academic Achievement." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311984525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119845252.

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With recent increases in international migration, some political and academic narratives argue for limiting migration because of possible negative effects on the host country. Among other outcomes, these groups argue that immigrant students have an impact on education, negatively affecting native-born students’ academic performance. The authors contextualize the relationship between immigrant status and academic achievement by considering a macro social setting: country-level foreign-born population. The authors examine achievement from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment in 41 high-income countries. The authors use within- and cross-level interactions to examine (1) the relationship between immigrant status and academic achievement, (2) the moderating effect of student socioeconomic status on achievement, and (3) how country-level foreign-born population affects both immigrant and native-born students’ performance. The findings indicate that immigrant students perform similarly to native-born students when considering other contextual factors, with socioeconomic status moderating the effect of immigrant status. Furthermore, all students, immigrant and nonimmigrant students alike, benefit academically from more immigration.

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Wang, Sharron Xuanren, and Arthur Sakamoto. "Can Higher Education Ameliorate Racial/Ethnic Disadvantage? An Analysis of the Wage Assimilation of College-Educated Hispanic Americans." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (2021): 215824402110091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211009197.

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Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, but quantitative research on the various components of this population has not received extensive investigation. College-educated Hispanics have been particularly neglected due to exaggerated and negative stereotypes. This present study uses data from the 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate wage attainments among college-educated Hispanics. Hispanic Americans are categorized based on their place of birth and age in which they entered the U.S. education system. Results indicate that native-born and foreign-born Hispanic women who have at least a college degree have reached approximate wage parity with comparable native-born non-Hispanic White women. By contrast, native-born Hispanic men face a 10% wage penalty relative to comparable native-born non-Hispanic White men. In addition, foreign-born Hispanic men who immigrated as adults and obtained their college degree outside of the United States face larger wage penalties that are augmented by a lack of citizenship. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

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Light, Ivan, and Angel A. Sanchez. "Immigrant Entrepreneurs in 272 SMSAs." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 4 (1987): 373–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389210.

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Utilizing data collected from the 1980 public-use sample of the U.S. Census, we examine the effect of percentage foreign born in the labor force upon aggregate self-employment rate in 272 SMSAs. Because mean self-employment among the foreign born was higher than among the native born, an increased percentage in the foreign born in a SMSA labor force caused increased aggregate self-employment. Also, as a result of renewed immigration during the 1970s, and the resulting increase in the foreign-born component of the civilian labor force, nonfarm self-employment in the United States increased about 3% above what would have been expected from a comparable “influx” of native-born workers. Depending on which method of estimation one selects, this immigration-prompted increase explains from 16% to 52% of the decade's total increase in nonfarm self-employment, a surprising reversal of nearly 10 decades of uninterrupted decrease. Rate of self-employment among immigrants had no effect upon the rate of or returns to self-employment of native-born workers in general or native blacks in particular.

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Roman, Gretchen, Daniel S. Peterson, Edward Ofori, and Meghan E. Vidt. "Upper extremity biomechanics in native and non-native signers." Work 70, no. 4 (2021): 1111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213622.

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BACKGROUND: Individuals fluent in sign language (signers) born to non-signing, non-deaf parents (non-natives) may have a greater injury risk than signers born to signing, deaf parents (natives). A comprehensive analysis of movement while signing in natives and non-natives has not been completed and could provide insight into the greater injury prevalence of non-natives. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine differences in upper extremity biomechanics between non-natives and natives. METHODS: Strength, ‘micro’ rests, muscle activation, ballistic signing, joint angle, and work envelope were captured across groups. RESULTS: Non-natives had fewer rests (p = 0.002) and greater activation (p = 0.008) in non-dominant upper trapezius. For ballistic signing, natives had greater anterior-posterior jerk (p = 0.033) and for joint angle, natives demonstrated greater wrist flexion-extension range of motion (p = 0.040). Natives also demonstrated greater maximum medial-lateral (p = 0.015), and greater minimum medial-lateral (p = 0.019) and superior-inferior (p = 0.027) positions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that natives presented with more rests and less activation, but greater ballistic tendencies, joint angle, and envelope compared to non-natives. Additional work should explore potential links between these outcomes and injury risk in signers.

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Tandon, B. B., and K. K. Tandon. "Wage Differentials Between Native and Foreign Born Canadians." Relations industrielles 32, no. 2 (2005): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028783ar.

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Friedberg, Rachel M., and Jennifer Hunt. "The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth." Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 2 (1995): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.2.23.

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The popular belief that immigrants have a large adverse impact on the wages and employment opportunities of the native-born population of the receiving country is not supported by the empirical evidence. A 10 percent increase in the fraction of immigrants in the population reduces native wages by 0-1 percent. Even those natives who are the closest substitutes with immigrant labor do not suffer significantly as a result of increased immigration. There is no evidence of economically significant reductions in native employment. The impact on natives’ per capita income growth depends crucially on the immigrants’ human capital levels.

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Amin, Shahina, and Bulent Uyar. "Pay gap between foreign-born and native-born doctors in the United States." Applied Economics 53, no. 5 (2020): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1808578.

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Jennings, Wesley G., Kristen M. Zgoba, Alex R. Piquero, and Jennifer M. Reingle. "Offending Trajectories Among Native-Born and Foreign-Born Hispanics to Late Middle Age." Sociological Inquiry 83, no. 4 (2013): 622–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soin.12017.

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Cruz, Yailet, Terry Lee Bunn, Nancy Hanner, and Svetla Slavova. "Characterization of Foreign-Born vs. Native-Born Worker Fatalities in Kentucky, 2001–2014." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 20, no. 2 (2017): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0550-3.

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Brown, Jonathan C. "Foreign and Native-Born Workers in Porfirian Mexico." American Historical Review 98, no. 3 (1993): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167551.

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Campbell, Mary E., and Molly A. Martin. "Race, Immigration, and Exogamy among the Native-born." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 2, no. 2 (2015): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649215598786.

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Ben-Zvi, Yael. "Clinging to One Spot: Hawthorne’s Native-Born Settlers." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 52, no. 1-2 (2006): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esq.2006.0009.

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Li, Peter S. "Earning Disparities between Immigrants and Native-born Canadians*." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 37, no. 3 (2008): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.2000.tb00592.x.

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Scher, Maryonda. "Koro in a Native Born of the U.S." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 33, no. 1 (1987): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002076408703300106.

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RINEHART, NICHOLAS T. "Native Sons; Or, How “Bigger” Was Born Again." Journal of American Studies 52, no. 1 (2017): 164–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001985.

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This article reconsiders Richard Wright'sNative Sonby comparing divergences between the published novel and an earlier typeset manuscript. It argues that such revisions render protagonist Bigger Thomas an icon of global class conflict rather than a national figure of racial tension. By revealing the continuities among critical essays that bookend the writing ofNative Son, this essay also reveals how the novel's restructuring further elaborates Wright's globalism – highlighting his desire to produce work that transcended both national and racial categories. Finally, it considersNative Sonas a work of “world literature” and a model for global minoritarian discourse. By examining “translations” of the novel into postcolonial contexts, it argues that the global afterlife ofNative Sonis no departure from the localized vision of the novel, but rather the recapitulation of its explicit globalism. This article thereby challenges critical convention dividing Wright's career cleanly into two phases: his American period and later self-exile. It emphasizes rather that Wright's worldliness should be traced back through his revision ofNative Sonand earlier critical essays – ultimately finding his globalism not a late-stage development, but actually the single theme that unifies hisoeuvre.

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Osooli, Mehdi, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, and Kristina Sundquist. "Conduct Disorder in Immigrant Children and Adolescents: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (2021): 10643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010643.

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Introduction. Conduct disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by repetitive and persistent norm-breaking behavior. This study aimed to compare the risk of conduct disorder between first- and second-generation immigrant children and adolescents and their native controls. Methods. In this nationwide, open-cohort study from Sweden, participants were born 1987–2010, aged 4–16 years at baseline, and were living in the country for at least one year during the follow-up period between 2001 and 2015. The sample included 1,902,526 and 805,450 children-adolescents with native and immigrant backgrounds, respectively. Data on the conduct disorder diagnoses were retrieved through the National Patient Register. We estimated the incidence of conduct disorder and calculated adjusted Hazard Ratios. Results. Overall, the adjusted risk of conduct disorder was lower among first-generation immigrants and most second-generation immigrant groups compared with natives (both males and females). However, second-generation immigrants with a Swedish-born mother and a foreign-born father had a higher risk of conduct disorder than natives. Similar results were found for sub-diagnoses of conduct disorder. Conclusions. The higher risk of conduct disorder among second-generation immigrants with a Swedish-born mother and the lower risk among most of the other immigrant groups warrants special attention and an investigation of potential underlying mechanisms.

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King, Rosalind Berkowitz, and Kathleen Mullan Harris. "Romantic Relationships among Immigrant Adolescents." International Migration Review 41, no. 2 (2007): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00071.x.

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We examine the importance of the family and friendship group as two crucial developmental contexts for adolescent relationship experiences. We focus particularly on immigrant adolescents who make up an increasing proportion of the youth population and who come from cultural contexts with stronger family traditions than native-born adolescents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we model the characteristics associated with having romantic relationships and participating in sex-related activities within relationships for immigrant adolescents, children of immigrants and adolescents in native-born families. First generation adolescents are less likely to enter romantic relationships than adolescents in native-born families, but those who do participate engage in similar sex-related activities as native-born youth. This evidence suggests that immigrant youth who enter romantic relationships are selective of the more assimilated to native adolescent norms of heterosexual behavior. The peer group is especially important for immigrant adolescents because it provides opportunities for romantic relationship involvement.

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Martinena-Palacio, P., F. Eiroa, A. Qureshi, et al. "Prevalence of psychotic symptoms: comparation of immigrants and native- born primary care service users." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72174-5.

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IntroductionEpidemiological studies reveal higher rates of psychotic disorders among immigrants of ethnic minorities. However, the variation in prevalence of psychosis differs, and the proposed explanations and risk factors vary across the literature.Objectives1) to examine the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in a sample of immigrants and native-born in a primary care setting context2) to explore the effect that certain socio-demographic characteristics have in the difference in prevalence.AimsIt is expected that the presence of psychotic symptoms will be greater for the immigrant population than for the native-born population. Low educational level, a low socio-economic status and the presence of a physical illness will partly explain these differences.Methods3000 patients (1500 immigrants and 1500 native-born outpatients paired in age and gender) were interviewed in a primary care setting. They completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, including the psychotic disorders sections, and a questionnaire that probed demographic characteristics and physical health status.ResultsImmigrants showed significantly higher rates of psychotic symptoms than native-born patients in both sections of diagnosis: life-span psychotic symptoms only (9.8% in immigrants and 5.3% in native-born) and life span with current psychotic symptoms (7% of the immigrants and 4.8% of the native-born). Immigrants also showed a lower education level, and a lower socio-economic status. When controlling for these factors, a relationship between these factors and the symptoms was found.ConclusionsFindings are discussed in the context of culture and etiology of psychotic symptoms, and suggestions with regard to future research are made.

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Cruz, I., C. Serna, M. Rué, J. Real, L. Galván, and J. Pifarré. "Comparative exposure to antipsychotic medications in immigrant and native-born populations of a Spanish health region." European Psychiatry 27, no. 7 (2012): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.007.

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AbstractBackgroundRaised rates of psychoses among ethnic minorities have been reported. Exposure to antipsychotic medications can give information on mental illness management and ethnic-related differences.ObjectiveTo compare exposure to antipsychotic medications in immigrant and native-born populations in Spain.MethodDescriptive cross-sectional study of the dispensation of antipsychotic medications to the population aged 15 to 64 years, in a Spanish Health Region during 2008.Results1.9% of the native-born population was exposed to antipsychotic medications as compared to 0.4% of the immigrant population. Native-born women were exposed from 1.8 to 5.3 times more and native-born men from 3.6 to 6.3 times more than immigrants of the same gender. The least exposed were persons from Eastern Europe and men from sub-Saharan Africa. Active ingredients prescribed were similar between the two groups. Of the immigrant group, 15.7% were admitted to a psychiatric ward as compared to 6.4% of the native-born population. In the former, non-specific diagnoses were predominant.ConclusionsAll immigrant groups had lower exposure to antipsychotic medications, were admitted to inpatient care more often and had less specific diagnoses. Both diagnostic processes and adherence to treatment need improvement in the regional immigrant population.

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Ahmed, Bashiruddin, Andrew Roberts, Matthew Spence, Wan He, and Laquitta Walker. "THE OLDER POPULATION LIVING WITH AND PROVIDING CARE TO GRANDCHILDREN, BY NATIVITY: 2013-2017." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.992.

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Abstract The rapid growth of the older population in the United States combined with changing living arrangements, marital status, and employment, increases the importance of multi-generational ties for the well-being of families. The U.S. Census Bureau’s earlier reports on grandparents living with grandchildren mostly focused on the background characteristics of all grandparents without classifying them by nativity. This study expands on the research by presenting data for both native- and foreign-born grandparents aged 60 and older who live with and provide care to their grandchildren under 18. Data for this study come from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Among native-born grandparents living with grandchildren, the majority were females, aged 60-69, White alone, non-Hispanic or Latino, married, high school graduate or higher, had no disability, lived in a household that was owned, uninsured, not in labor force, and not in poverty. The foreign-born grandparents were similar in most characteristics except for race component and educational attainment. Key findings include: • Among total older population, 14.3 percent of the foreign-born lived with grandchildren, compared with 4.1 percent of the native-born. • Among co-resident grandparents, the native-born (36 percent) were more likely to be caregivers, compared with the foreign-born (14 percent). • The proportions of co-resident grandparents widely vary by race and Hispanic origin. • Among grandparent caregivers, over 50 percent had been responsible for grandchildren for 5 years or more, while 14 percent for less than a year. • Both native- and foreign-born grandparents show declining patterns of care-giving by age.

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Cadena, Brian C., and Brian K. Kovak. "Immigrants Equilibrate Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the Great Recession." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (2016): 257–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20140095.

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This paper demonstrates that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants' location choices respond strongly to changes in local labor demand, which helps equalize spatial differences in employment outcomes for low-skilled native workers. We leverage the substantial geographic variation in labor demand during the Great Recession to identify migration responses to local shocks and find that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants respond much more strongly than low-skilled natives. Further, Mexican mobility reduced the incidence of local demand shocks on natives, such that those living in metro areas with a substantial Mexican-born population experienced a roughly 50 percent weaker relationship between local shocks and local employment probabilities. (JEL E32, J15, J23, J24, J61, R23)

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Guo, Man, Yi Wang, and Kara Carter. "HOPELESSNESS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS: A COMPARISON OF NATIVE WHITES, NATIVE MINORITIES, AND IMMIGRANTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.047.

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Abstract Sense of hopelessness is closely linked to poor physical/mental health and elevated suicidal risk. The aging and immigration processes put middle-aged and older immigrants at a greater risk of feeling hopeless. However, we know little about hopelessness among this population. This study asks two questions: do middle-aged and older immigrants have higher levels of hopelessness compared to native-born Whites and native-born ethnic minorities? If so, what factors contribute to such differences? Data was from the 2018 psychosocial assessment of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,534). ANOVA was used to compare levels of hopelessness among three groups of middle-aged/older adults (50 yrs+): native-born Whites (n =3,603), native-born minorities (n = 1,209), and immigrants (n = 722). Linear regressions were used to examine the association between nativity/race and hopelessness, with five sets of explanatory variables (i.e., SES, health, social support, social engagement, and neighborhood characteristics) entered in the models individually and then collectively. The findings showed that middle-aged/older immigrants had the highest levels of hopelessness, followed by native minorities, and then native Whites. Controlling for each set of the explanatory variables respectively reduced the group differences between native Whites and native ethnic minorities, but not between Whites and immigrants. When controlling for all the explanatory variables, the levels of hopelessness no longer differed significantly between immigrants and native Whites. Findings suggest that immigrants’ multiple disadvantages in personal, family, and social lives may contribute to their heightened levels of hopelessness. Interventions are sorely needed to protect against hopelessness for this population.

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Raphael, Steven, and Lucas Ronconi. "THE EFFECTS OF LABOR MARKET COMPETITION WITH IMMIGRANTS ON THE WAGES AND EMPLOYMENT OF NATIVES." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 4, no. 2 (2007): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x07070233.

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This paper provides an overview of the current debate among economists pertaining to the effects of recent immigration on the earnings and employment of native-born workers. Since much of this debate revolves around methodological differences in research design, we devote much of our effort to discussing the various strategies that researchers have used to isolate immigrant competition effects, and attempt to clarify the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy. Our overall assessment is that the central tendency of the research evidence suggests that recent immigration has had only a modest effect on the labor market prospects of native-born Americans. Some potential hypotheses that may explain this lack of a large impact are capital accumulation and the imperfect substitutability between natives and immigrants.

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Carrasco-Garrido, Pilar, Dania Rocío Díaz Rodríguez, Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Lidiane Lima Florencio, and Domingo Palacios-Ceña. "Nonmedical Use of Benzodiazepines among Immigrant and Native-Born Adolescents in Spain: National Trends and Related Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031171.

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Background: the nonmedical use of prescribed medications among adolescents has increased significantly in recent years. We aimed to identify the patterns of benzodiazepine nonmedical use and its evolution during the decade 2006–2016 among immigrant and native-born adolescent populations. Methods: we used individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2006–2016 Spanish State Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education (ESTUDES) of the school-aged population. Using logistic multivariate regression models, we estimated the independent effect of each of these variables on nonmedical use. Two models were generated: one for immigrant adolescents and one for native-born adolescents. Results: during the decade 2006–2016, 2.81% of native-born and 3.36% of immigrant adolescent students made nonmedical use of benzodiazepines. Gender and socioeconomic status were found to be related to the nonmedical use of benzodiazepines. Consumption of illegal psychoactive substances, other than marijuana, was the variable of greatest value (aOR = 6.00, 95% CI 3.89–9.27). Perceived risks and drug availability were found to be predictors for the nonmedical use of benzodiazepines in both immigrant and native-born adolescents. Conclusion: in Spain, patterns of benzodiazepine nonmedical use among immigrant and native-born adolescents are similar. The results of this study refute certain stereotypes related to consumption of substances among immigrant adolescents, identifying them as a risk group.

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Vang, Zoua M., and Yvonne Chang. "Immigrants’ Experiences of Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Unpacking the Contributions of Assimilation, Race, and Early Socialization." International Migration Review 53, no. 2 (2018): 602–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318764871.

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We examined perceptions of everyday discrimination among immigrants in Canada and in comparison to native-born Canadians using data from the 2013 Canadian Community Health Survey. We find that recent immigrants report less discrimination than native-born Canadians, ceteris paribus. Recent immigrants also report less discrimination than their fellow immigrants who had been residing in Canada for much longer durations. There were trivial differences in perceptions of everyday discrimination between native-born Canadians and midway and established immigrants, all else being equal. Additional analysis suggests that differences in age at arrival and associated early socialization experiences might explain variations in immigrants’ perceived discrimination.

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Ahmmad, Zobayer, Kim Korinek, Ming Wen, and Daniel E. Adkins. "Changes in Smoking Prevalence from Adolescence to Adulthood among Asian Americans: Evidence of Selective Acculturation across Gender." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312211481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221148154.

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It is well established that immigrant adolescents have lower smoking rates than their native-born counterparts. Although smoking rates among immigrants have been theorized to increase with U.S. acculturation, this hypothesis has seldom been tested using longitudinal data spanning multiple developmental stages. The authors address this limitation using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to model age-based smoking trajectories by gender and nativity status among Asian Americans (ages 10–33 years), adjusting for a range of control covariates. Trajectory analyses indicate that the gap between immigrants and natives generally increases as individuals age, but this process varies by gender, with immigrant women exhibiting a significantly less steep smoking growth trajectory ( b = −.011, p < .001) compared with native-born men (and all other nativity-gender combinations), whereas immigrant men show no significant smoking trajectory slope difference compared with native men. In summary, results suggest a gendered acculturation process for smoking behavior among Asian Americans.

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Smith, M. Cecil, and Thomas J. Smith. "Perceived Job Skill Limitations and Participation in Education and Training Opportunities: Differences Between US Native-Born and Non-Native-Born Individuals." Vocations and Learning 3, no. 1 (2010): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12186-009-9030-9.

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Lambert, Jason R., and Ekundayo Y. Akinlade. "Immigrant stereotypes and differential screening." Personnel Review 49, no. 4 (2019): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-06-2018-0229.

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Purpose There has been an increasing number of allegations of discrimination toward US employees and anecdotal indications of immigrant employee exploitation in the information technology sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if applicants’ work visa status causes native-born applicants to be treated differentially (less favorably) than foreign-born applicants. Design/methodology/approach A correspondence study design is used to observe differential screening processes by measuring the frequency of favorable job application responses received by foreign-born applicants compared to equally skilled native-born applicants. Findings Results from the study suggest that fictitious Asian foreign-born applicants who demonstrate the need for H-1B work visa sponsorship for employment receive significantly more favorable e-mail responses to job ads than US native-born applicants. Moreover, white native-born applicants are approximately 23 percent less likely than Asian foreign-born applicants to receive a request for an interview. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen method, the research results may lack generalizability. The hypotheses should be tested further by targeting more geographical locations, a variety of industries and using qualitative methods in future research. Practical implications The paper includes implications for hiring managers who wish to reduce their liability for employment discrimination and foreign-born job seekers wishing to manage their expectations of the recruitment process. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to empirically study how the work visa status of job seekers affects early recruitment as increasingly more anecdotal evidence of immigrant exploitation and discrimination in the technology sector is reported.

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Pudaric, S., J. Sundquist, and S. E. Johansson. "Impaired mobility and impaired working capacity among foreign born people and native born Swedes." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 52, no. 1 (1998): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.1.34.

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Dupre, Matthew E., Danan Gu, and James W. Vaupel. "Survival Differences among Native-Born and Foreign-Born Older Adults in the United States." PLoS ONE 7, no. 5 (2012): e37177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037177.

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Leshno, Ari, Lital Keinan, Menachem Moshkowitz, et al. "Sa1221 Risk of GI Tract Cancer Among European-Born Immigrants vs. Native-Born Israelis." Gastroenterology 150, no. 4 (2016): S254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(16)30915-5.

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Lin, Yu-Jung, Jeng-Yuan Chiou, Jing-Yang Huang, Pen-Hua Su, Jia-Yuh Chen, and Hao-Jan Yang. "A Comparative Prevalence of Birth Defects between Newborns of Immigrant and Native-Born Mothers in Taiwan: Ten Years of Population-Based Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312530.

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In recent years, newborns born to immigrant mothers have accounted for about 10% of the total births in Taiwan. However, little is known about whether there are differences between newborns of immigrant and native-born mothers regarding the prevalence and the possible causes of birth defects. By combining four nationwide databases and assessing all newborns between 2005 and 2014 in Taiwan as research subjects, this study determined the prevalence of birth defects stratified into nine categories (neuronal, facial, cleft, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urogenital, musculoskeletal and chromosomal abnormalities) in the newborns of immigrant mothers and native-born mothers. We found that the prevalence of any birth defects in newborns of immigrant mothers (ranging from 0.98 to 1.24%) was lower than that of native-born mothers (2.86%). Skeletomuscular system defects are the most common among newborns of women from the main immigrant countries (0.24–0.42%), while circulatory system defects were the most common among newborns of Taiwanese women (0.92%). The risks of all defects remained lower for newborns of immigrant mothers (AORs ranged from 0.37 to 0.47) after controlling for possible confounding variables. The higher rates of birth defects among newborns of native-born mothers may be attributed to an older maternal age at childbirth and a higher prevalence of diabetes than that of immigrant mothers. The findings from this study imply that the prevalence of birth defects between newborns of immigrant and native-born mothers is not similar, as evidenced by a decade of population-based data.

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Siddiq, Hafifa, and Babak Najand. "Immigration Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health in Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (2022): 15657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315657.

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The literature has established a protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators on health. However, at least in the US, these SES indicators tend to generate fewer health gains for marginalized groups including immigrants. As this literature mainly originated in the US, it is necessary to study whether these indicators similarly correlate with the health of foreign-born and native-born individuals in Europe. The current study was based on the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory and compared the effects of three SES indicators, namely parental education, own education and income, on self-rated health (SRH) of immigrant and native-born individuals. We used data from the European Social Survey 2020 (ESS 2020). Participants included 14,213 individuals who identified as either native-born (n = 9052) or foreign-born (n = 508). Education, income, and parental education were the independent variables. Self-rated health (SRH) was the outcome. Age and sex were covariates. Linear regression and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Overall, high education, income, and parental education were associated with lower odds of poor SRH. We documented a statistical interaction between immigration status and parental education, indicating a weaker inverse association between parental education and poor SRH for foreign-born than native-born individuals. The links between some but not all SES indicators vary across foreign-born and native-born individuals in Europe. Host countries seem to undervalue the parental educational attainment of foreign-born families. Future research should explore the role of time, period, cohort and country of origin as well as host country and associated policies in equalizing returns of SES indicators on the health of population subgroups. The results are important given that most studies on MDRs are developed in the US, and less is known about Europe. The results are also very important given the growing anti-immigrant sentiment and nationalist movements in Europe and the rest of the world.

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Davis, Robert C., Edna Erez, and Nancy E. Avitabile. "Immigrants and the Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Study." Violence and Victims 13, no. 1 (1998): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.1.21.

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Experts have argued that there are significant barriers to recent immigrants' use of the criminal justice system. This exploratory study, using convenience samples, is among the first to look empirically at the experiences of recent immigrant victims with the criminal justice system in the United States. Contrary to expectations, we found that immigrants reported relatively few problems unique to foreign-born persons in dealing with the police and the courts, and that their satisfaction with the justice system was comparable to levels reported in studies of native-born victims. The results suggest that although recent immigrants' expectations ofthe criminal justice system may be different from those of native born, the experiences of immigrant victims and their satisfaction with the justice system are similar in many respects to those of native-born victims.

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Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P., Giovanni Peri, and Greg C. Wright. "Immigration, Offshoring, and American Jobs." American Economic Review 103, no. 5 (2013): 1925–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.5.1925.

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Following Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) we present a model in which tasks of varying complexity are matched to workers of varying skill in order to develop and test predictions regarding the effects of immigration and offshoring on US native-born workers. We find that immigrant and native-born workers do not compete much due to the fact that they tend to perform tasks at opposite ends of the task complexity spectrum, with offshore workers performing the tasks in the middle. An effect of offshoring and a positive effect of immigration on native-born employment suggest that immigration and offshoring improve industry efficiency. (JEL J24, J41, J61, L24)

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TROVATO, FRANK, and DAVID ODYNAK. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN LIFE EXPECTANCY IN CANADA: IMMIGRANT AND NATIVE-BORN POPULATIONS." Journal of Biosocial Science 43, no. 3 (2011): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000010.

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SummaryA growing body of research often indicates that immigrant populations in Western countries enjoy a lower level of mortality in relation to their native-born host populations. In this literature, sex differences in mortality are often reported but substantive analyses of the differences are generally lacking. The present investigation looks at sex differences in life expectancy with specific reference to immigrant and Canadian-born populations in Canada during 1971 and 2001. For these two populations, sex differences in expectation of life at birth are decomposed into cause-of-death components. Immigrants in Canada have a higher life expectancy than their Canadian-born counterparts. In absolute terms, immigrant females enjoy the highest life expectancy. Inrelativeterms, however, immigrant men show a larger longevity advantage, as their expectation of life at birth exceeds that of Canadian-born men by a wider margin than do foreign-born females in relation to Canadian-born females. It is also found that immigrants have a smaller sex differential in life expectancy as compared with the Canadian born. Decomposition analysis shows this is a function of immigrants having smaller sex differences in death rates from heart disease and cancer. Factors thought to underlie these differentials between immigrants and the Canadian born are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Native born'

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