Journal articles: 'Native manufactures'

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Zanier, Claudio. "Silk Cultivatiom in Italy." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 4 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.1.4.41.

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Silk cultivation in Italy started in the eleventh century CE. Initially, silkworms were cultivated using only indigenous black mulberry trees. For several centuries following, manufacturers in Italian towns manufactured luxury silk fabrics utilizing only imported foreign silk threads. In the fifteenth century, however, the practice of cultivating non-native white mulberry trees made its way from China to Italy. Due to the better quality of their leaves, this facilitated the production of domestic Italian silk threads for use in the manufacture of luxury products. Rural silk cultivation then expanded sharply.

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Sommer, Christian, Niels Icken, Ismail Özden, Gerd Lutters, and Stephan Scheidegger. "Evaluation of low contrast resolution and radiation dose in abdominal CT protocols by a difference detail curve (DDC) method." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0109.

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AbstractThe use of optimised CT protocols regarding radiation exposure is a legal requirement. Since low contrast visibility is intrinsically varying within the CT slice, there is no adequate method for optimisation of dose and image quality. We developed a method to access image quality in a way that represents the situation closer to a real patient. This method is based on a novel difference detail curve (DDC) phantom with low contrast objects representing native tissue contrast and contrast media with different densities and diameters. The position of the contrast objects have been evaluated by a noise level analysis of CT slices of different manufactures. The dose – length – product can be measured within the phantom simultaneously. For all tested manu-factures and CT protocols, the noise analysis revealed a similar spatial variation of the signal -to-noise ratio (SNR). For the DDC method, contrast steps of 6 (4-8) Hounsfield Units (HU) are adequate. For the different CT units, comparable low contrast detectability is associated with remarkably varying dose levels (CTDI range from 8 to 18 mGy for native contrast and 9-16 mGy for contrast media). The novel DDC phantom is sensitive to protocol optimisations and therefore suitable for rating subtle effects caused by protocol optimisation.

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Neiburger, E. J. "Isotope Radiography of the Largest Prehistoric Copper Celt." North American Archaeologist 10, no. 1 (July 1989): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3ufj-wjbl-1xrp-njj1.

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A large 61 × 13 × 4.5 cm copper celt was found in an American Hopewell Indian mound in Ross County, Ohio. It weighs 17.7 kg and theories concerning the manner of its manufacture by technologically “primitive” prehistoric natives have been suggested. Because of its great size and density, normal X-ray analysis could not be used. This celt was analyzed (non-destructively) using Iridium 192 isotope as a gamma ray source for radiography. The radiographs show the celt was relatively solid in construction, not laminated nor cast, but manufactured by wrought working the metal.

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Yu, Lei, Lei Tao, Yinghua Zhao, Yonghong Li, Dening Pei, and Chunming Rao. "Analysis of Molecular Heterogeneity in Therapeutic IFNα2b from Different Manufacturers by LC/Q-TOF." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 3965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173965.

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Recombinant human IFNα2b (rhIFNα2b), as an important immune-related protein, has been widely used in clinic for decades. It is also at the forefront of the recent emergence of biosimilar medicines, with numerous products now available worldwide. Although with the same amino acid sequence, recombinant proteins are generally heterogeneous due to post-translational modification and chemical reactions during expression, purification, and long-term storage, which could have significant impact on the final product quality. So therapeutic rhIFNα2b must be closely monitored to ensure consistency, safety, and efficacy. In this study, we compared seven rhIFNα2b preparations from six manufacturers in China and one in America, as well as four batches of rhIFNα2b preparations from the same manufacturer, measuring IFNα2b variants and site-specific modifications using a developed LC/Q-TOF approach. Three main forms of N-terminus, cysteine, methionine, and acetylated cysteine were detected in five rhIFNα2b preparations produced in E. coli (1E~5E) and one in Pseudomonas (6P), but only the native form with N-terminal cysteine was found in rhIFNα2b preparation produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (7Y). Two samples with the lowest purity (4E and 6P), showed the highest level of acetylation at N-terminal cysteine and oxidation at methionine. The level of oxidation and deamidation varied not only between samples from different manufacturers but also between different batches of the same manufacturer. Although variable between samples from different manufacturers, the constitution of N-terminus and disulfide bonds was relatively stable between different batches, which may be a potential indicator for batch consistency. These findings provide a valid reference for the stability evaluation of the production process and final products.

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SALAZAR, JOELLE K., LAUREN J. GONSALVES, VIDYA NATARAJAN, ARLETTE SHAZER, KARL REINEKE, TANVI MHETRAS, CHINMYEE SULE, CHRISTINA K. CARSTENS, KRISTIN M. SCHILL, and MARY LOU TORTORELLO. "Population Dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Native Microflora During Manufacture and Aging of Gouda Cheese Made with Unpasteurized Milk." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-480.

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ABSTRACT Cheeses made with unpasteurized milk are a safety concern due to possible contamination with foodborne pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been implicated in several outbreaks and recalls linked to Gouda cheese made with unpasteurized milk. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations requires cheeses made with unpasteurized milk to be aged at a minimum of 1.7°C for at least 60 days before entering interstate commerce. The goal of this study was (i) to assess the population dynamics of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 during aging of Gouda cheese when the pathogens were inoculated into the unpasteurized milk used for manufacture and (ii) to compare the native microbial populations throughout manufacture and aging. Unpasteurized milk was inoculated with L. monocytogenes at 1 or 3 log CFU/mL or with E. coli O157:H7 at 1 log CFU/mL, and Gouda cheese was manufactured in laboratory-scale or pilot plant–scale settings. Cheeses were stored at 10°C for at least 90 days, and some cheeses were stored up to 163 days. Initial native microflora populations in unpasteurized milk did not differ significantly for laboratory-scale or pilot plant–scale trials, and population dynamics trended similarly throughout cheese manufacture and aging. During manufacture, approximately 81% of the total L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 populations was found in the curd samples. At an inoculation level of 1 log CFU/mL, L. monocytogenes survived in the cheese beyond 60 days in four of five trials. In contrast, E. coli O157:H7 was detected beyond 60 days in only one trial. At the higher 3-log inoculation level, the population of L. monocytogenes increased significantly from 3.96 ± 0.07 log CFU/g at the beginning of aging to 6.00 ± 0.73 log CFU/g after 150 days, corresponding to a growth rate of 0.04 ± 0.02 log CFU/g/day. The types of native microflora assessed included Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, and yeasts and molds. Generally, lactic acid and mesophilic bacterial populations remained consistent at approximately 8 to 9 log CFU/g during aging, whereas yeast and mold populations steadily increased. The data from this study will contribute to knowledge about survival of these pathogens during Gouda cheese production and will help researchers assess the risks of illness from consumption of Gouda cheese made with unpasteurized milk. HIGHLIGHTS

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Lee, Yi Ming, and Shyue Bin Chang. "Design and Implementation of Automotive Shock Absorber Performance Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.281.

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In Taiwan, the motor and autobike industry have a considerable extent to promote the manufacture of shock absorber tests. As it is known, using a software and equipment to process the information about the operation of a corresponding damper is necessary. In order to promote the shock absorber damping tester, to develop the Labview based shock absorber testing machine provides functions such as the hardware test, setup parameters, the measurements for test elements, the testing results display and historical consults. There are some researching steps are involved by making out the major operations and testing functions to construct the shock absorber tester and so on. The expected purpose will be attained by both training the relative process technology and getting the future development in absorber testing know-how by native manufacturers in Asian area, instead of imported machines from Japan or America.

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Bernecker, Claudia, Maria Augusta R. B. F. Lima, Catalin D. Ciubotaru, Peter Schlenke, Isabel Dorn, and Dan Cojoc. "Biomechanics of Ex Vivo-Generated Red Blood Cells Investigated by Optical Tweezers and Digital Holographic Microscopy." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030552.

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Ex vivo-generated red blood cells are a promising resource for future safe blood products, manufactured independently of voluntary blood donations. The physiological process of terminal maturation from spheroid reticulocytes to biconcave erythrocytes has not been accomplished yet. A better biomechanical characterization of cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) will be of utmost interest for manufacturer approval and therapeutic application. Here, we introduce a novel optical tweezer (OT) approach to measure the deformation and elasticity of single cells trapped away from the coverslip. To investigate membrane properties dependent on membrane lipid content, two culture conditions of cRBCs were investigated, cRBCPlasma with plasma and cRBCHPL supplemented with human platelet lysate. Biomechanical characterization of cells under optical forces proves the similar features of native RBCs and cRBCHPL, and different characteristics for cRBCPlasma. To confirm these results, we also applied a second technique, digital holographic microscopy (DHM), for cells laid on the surface. OT and DHM provided related results in terms of cell deformation and membrane fluctuations, allowing a reliable discrimination between cultured and native red blood cells. The two techniques are compared and discussed in terms of application and complementarity.

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Claps, S., G. Annicchiarico, M. A. Di Napoli, F. Paladino, D. Giorgio, L. Sepe, and R. Rossi. "Native and non native sheep breed differences in canestrato pugliese cheese quality: a resource for a sustainable pastoral system." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 34, No. 4 (September 5, 2016): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/568/2015-cjfs.

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Canestrato Pugliese is an Italian uncooked hard cheese made by the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status. In the past, it was manufactured with milk from local sheep breeds (Altamurana and Leccese) while in recent years it has almost entirely been made with milk from non-native sheep breeds (Sarda and Comisana). The aim of the study was to investigate the breed effect on the quality of Canestrato Pugliese cheese by comparing two native (Altamurana and Leccese) and two non-native (Sarda and Comisana) sheep breeds. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of CREA-ZOE (Apulia region, Southern Italy) using a flock set-up of four sheep breeds: Altamurana, Leccese, Sarda, and Comisana. All sheep fed pasture supplemented with 200 g/sheep/day concentrate at each milking. For each breed, three cheese-makings of Canestrato Pugliese were carried out for three consecutive days following the PDO technology. At two and four months of ripening, cheese was analysed for gross composition, fatty acid profile, nutritional indexes, and volatile organic compounds. Significant differences were found between breeds in the fatty acid profile and nutritional indexes (P ≤ 0.05). Canestrato Pugliese from Comisana, Leccese, and Sarda had a higher dry matter and fat content than that from Altamurana breed (P ≤ 0.05). Cheeses from Altamurana and Comisana showed a higher content of unsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids and a better omega-6/omega-3 ratio than the others (P ≤ 0.05). The best Health Promoting Index was detected in Altamurana, Comisana, and Leccese cheeses (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, sheep breed affected the content of volatile organic compounds (P ≤ 0.05). The highest value of volatile organic compounds was observed in cheeses from Leccese breed (P ≤ 0.05). The discriminant analysis performed on cheese data shows a separation between native and non-native sheep breeds. The present study reveals that the breed has an evident effect on the fatty acid and volatile organic compound profile of Canestrato Pugliese.

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Chindina, L. A., and N. M. Zinyakov. "Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098.

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This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia.

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Jarvis, Michael C. "Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2112 (December 25, 2017): 20170045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0045.

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There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibrilin situis usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads toin vivomechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology’.

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Ferrandez-Villena, Manuel, Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia, Teresa Garcia Ortuño, Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia, and Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia. "Study of the Utilisation of Almond Residues for Low-Cost Panels." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120811.

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A large amount of research is being carried out to increase the use of renewable and eco-friendly resources like plant fibres for manufacturing new products in order to reduce energy consumption and improve their environmental impact. The almond is a deciduous tree that is native to Mediterranean areas, although nowadays the United States is the world’s main almond producer. The almond fruit has three distinct parts: the inner core or flesh, the hard middle part or shell, and the outer covering of the shell, called the hull (exocarp and mesocarp). This work analyses the use of almond residues for producing eco-friendly particleboards. The ground hull of the almond has been used as a raw material, obtaining 4 different particle sizes. Eight type of board has been manufactured without using any kind of adhesive. The particle size influences some physical and mechanical properties. With particle sizes <0.25 mm it is possible to achieve greater strength in terms of modulus of rupture (MOR): 14.01 N/mm2, modulus of elasticity (MOE): 2295.32 N/mm2 and internal bonding strength (IB): 0.57 N/mm2. This study shows that it is technically possible to manufacture boards with this material without using adhesives.

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Pereira, C. I., M. I. Franco, E. O. Gomes, A. M. P. Gomes, and F. X. Malcata. "Contribution of Specific Adventitious Microorganisms toward Evolution of Sugar and Organic Acid Profiles throughout Ripening of Model Portuguese Cheeses." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 3 (June 2008): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208095475.

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Model cheeses, designed to mimic Portuguese traditional cheeses, were manufactured aseptically following a method that attempted to resemble artisanal manufacture practices: they were coagulated with either animal or plant rennet, and inoculated with defined strains of lactic acid bacteria, that had initially been recovered as major constituents of the native microflora of Serra da Estrela cheese, viz. Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera, either independently or as a mixture. The gross composition, the microbial viability, and the organic compound profile in those model cheeses were monitored, throughout a 60 day-ripening period. Microbial viability, pH, and levels of acetic and lactic acids were the physicochemical and biological parameters that experienced the most significant changes in such matrices — which were, in turn, dependent on the type of inoculum used. No synergisms emerged upon combination of the two strains, in terms of sugar uptake and organic acid release. The contribution of each adventitious bacterium — either independently or in the presence of each other, to the development of expected biochemical characteristics of model cheeses (even though to a lower extent than in actual ones) was confirmed, whereas the type of rennet used proved to be not relevant.

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Pérez Medina Martínez, Víctor, Mario E. Abad-Javier, Alexis J. Romero-Díaz, Francisco Villaseñor-Ortega, Néstor O. Pérez, Luis F. Flores-Ortiz, and Emilio Medina-Rivero. "Comparability of a Three-Dimensional Structure in Biopharmaceuticals Using Spectroscopic Methods." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/950598.

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Protein structure depends on weak interactions and covalent bonds, like disulfide bridges, established according to the environmental conditions. Here, we present the validation of two spectroscopic methodologies for the measurement of free and unoxidized thiols, as an attribute of structural integrity, using 5,5′-dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and DyLight Maleimide (DLM) as derivatizing agents. These methods were used to compare Rituximab and Etanercept products from different manufacturers. Physicochemical comparability was demonstrated for Rituximab products as DTNB showed no statistical differences under native, denaturing, and denaturing-reducing conditions, with Student’st-testPvalues of 0.6233, 0.4022, and 0.1475, respectively. While for Etanercept products no statistical differences were observed under native (P=0.0758) and denaturing conditions (P=0.2450), denaturing-reducing conditions revealed cysteine contents of 98% and 101%, towards the theoretical value of 58, for the evaluated products from different Etanercept manufacturers. DLM supported equality between Rituximab products under native (P=0.7499) and denaturing conditions (P=0.8027), but showed statistical differences among Etanercept products under native conditions (P<0.001). DLM suggested that Infinitam has fewer exposed thiols than Enbrel, although DTNB method, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence (TCSPC), and activity (TNFαneutralization) showed no differences. Overall, this data revealed the capabilities and drawbacks of each thiol quantification technique and their correlation with protein structure.

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Pickering, Paul A. "“Irish First”: Daniel O’Connell, the Native Manufacture Campaign, and Economic Nationalism, 1840–44." Albion 32, no. 4 (2000): 598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000065650.

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The relationship between nationalism and the land, observes Philip Bull in his recent study of the Irish land question, “formed a nexus which was so strong that the one issue became effectively a metaphor for the other.” Any student of nineteenth-century Irish politics can appreciate the force of this eloquent conclusion. Nevertheless, the preoccupation with the land by contemporaries and historians alike has relegated an important strand of economic nationalism devoted to manufacturing industry to a footnote in Irish history. The fate of manufacturing industry in the aftermath of the Union of 1800 is the subject of controversy among scholars suggesting, at the very least, substantial regional and sectoral variations. Contemporaries, however, were in little doubt that Irish manufacturing industry was suffering from terminal decline, a perception that had formed a regular reprise in public comment throughout the previous century. As John O’Connell wrote in 1849 “the question of Irish manufacturing has been, for more than a century and a half, one of the chief grounds of bitterness and bickerings” between Ireland and England.

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Pickering, Paul A. ""Irish First": Daniel O'Connell, the Native Manufacture Campaign, and Economic Nationalism, 1840-44." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 32, no. 4 (2000): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053629.

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Cuthbert, Richard J., Ruchi Dave, Soumya Sunder Chakraborty, Sashi Kumar, Satya Prakash, Sachin P. Ranade, and Vibhu Prakash. "Assessing the ongoing threat from veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to Critically Endangered Gyps vultures in India." Oryx 45, no. 3 (July 2011): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000135.

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AbstractUse of the veterinary drug diclofenac is responsible for bringing three species of Gyps vultures endemic to South Asia to the brink of extinction, and the Government of India banned veterinary use of the drug in May 2006. To evaluate the effectiveness of the ban we undertook surveys of > 250 veterinary and general pharmacies in 11 Indian states from November 2007 to June 2010. Twelve different classes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were purchased from 176 pharmacies. Other than meloxicam (of negligible toxicity to vultures at likely concentrations in their food), diclofenac and ketoprofen (both toxic to vultures), little is known of the safety or toxicity of the remaining nine NSAIDs on sale. Meloxicam was the most commonly encountered drug, sold in 70% of pharmacies, but 50% of the meloxicam brands sold had paracetamol (acetaminophen) as a second ingredient. Diclofenac and ketoprofen were recorded in 36 and 29% of pharmacies, respectively, with states in western and central India having the highest prevalence of diclofenac (44–45%). Although the large number of manufacturers and availability of meloxicam is encouraging, the wide range of untested NSAIDs and continued availability of diclofenac is a major source of concern. Circumvention of the 2006 diclofenac ban is being achieved by illegally selling forms of diclofenac manufactured for human use for veterinary purposes. To provide a safer environment for vultures in South Asia we recommend reducing the size of vials of diclofenac meant for human use, to increase the costs of illegal veterinary use, and taking action against pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmacies flouting the diclofenac ban.

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Deplanche, Kevin, Richard D. Woods, Iryna P. Mikheenko, R. Elizabeth Sockett, and Lynne E. Macaskie. "Manufacture of stable palladium and gold nanoparticles on native and genetically engineered flagella scaffolds." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 101, no. 5 (December 1, 2008): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21966.

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Neiburger, E. J. "Melted Copper from the Archaic Midwest (1000 BC)." North American Archaeologist 12, no. 4 (April 1992): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qx0y-6jxa-w9nt-6xrp.

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A large lump of documented copper from the 1000 BC Riverside, Michigan, site was found to possess internal porosity and a microstructure indicative of casting and hammering as the means of manufacture. Prior to this discovery, Archaic Native American Indians were considered technologically primitive and incapable of possessing the high heat technology necessary to cast metal.

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Lammi, Mikko, Juha Piltti, Juha Prittinen, and Chengjuan Qu. "Challenges in Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage with Correct Cellular Colonization and Extracellular Matrix Assembly." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092700.

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A correct articular cartilage ultrastructure regarding its structural components and cellularity is important for appropriate performance of tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Various scaffold-based, as well as scaffold-free, culture models have been under development to manufacture functional cartilage tissue. Even decellularized tissues have been considered as a potential choice for cellular seeding and tissue fabrication. Pore size, interconnectivity, and functionalization of the scaffold architecture can be varied. Increased mechanical function requires a dense scaffold, which also easily restricts cellular access within the scaffold at seeding. High pore size enhances nutrient transport, while small pore size improves cellular interactions and scaffold resorption. In scaffold-free cultures, the cells assemble the tissue completely by themselves; in optimized cultures, they should be able to fabricate native-like tissue. Decellularized cartilage has a native ultrastructure, although it is a challenge to obtain proper cellular colonization during cell seeding. Bioprinting can, in principle, provide the tissue with correct cellularity and extracellular matrix content, although it is still an open question as to how the correct molecular interaction and structure of extracellular matrix could be achieved. These are challenges facing the ongoing efforts to manufacture optimal articular cartilage.

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Taboada, Natalia, Carina Van Nieuwenhove, Roxana Medina, and Soledad López Alzogaray. "Improving the conjugated linoleic acid content and the sensorial characteristics of Argentinean semi-hard goat cheeses by adding cultures of native lactic acid bacteria." Mljekarstvo 69, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15567/mljekarstvo.2019.0405.

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In this study the physicochemical, microbiological, and fatty acid compositions together with the specific esterase activities of semi-hard goat cheeses made from native strains as starter and adjunct cultures were evaluated and compared against those of manufactured using commercial culture cheeses. The physicochemical composition was similar among cheeses, while the lactic acid bacteria were the predominant microbiota in all samples. The highest specific esterase activities were detected in cheeses with native strains. The fatty acid profile was significantly affected by native strains during the ripening time (60 days) since the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level increased from 0.60 to 1.03 g 100 g-1 of fatty acids, whereas cheeses with commercial starter showed a CLA content of about 0.60 g of fatty acids. In cheeses with native strains, it was detected the highest desirable fatty acids, Δ9-desaturase and CLA desaturase indexes and the lowest atherogenicity index. The native strains inoculated as starter and adjunct cultures, grew conveniently in the cheese, developed their full potential as reflected by the profile of the metabolites released during ripening and in the global sensory perception of cheeses, and contributed thus to the development of a healthier food.

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Lin, Ying Chao, Hong Yuan Li, and Wei Qing Meng. "The Investigation of Easy-Softening Alkali-Slag Wasteland Disposal by Building Artificial Mountain." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 3013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3013.

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The project used the Tanggu alkali-slag wasteland in Tianjin as a case-study of ecological restoration engineering project, researched the characteristic of alkali-slag and status of the unproductive land, manufactured the alkali slag soil to fill the low-lying-land, covered with exogenous planting soil and planted artificial vegetation which dominated by native plant which could survive easily, investigated the method of wasteland disposal by building artificial mountain of easy-softening alkali-slag.

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Calin, Mariana, Iuliana Raut, Mihaela Doni, Elvira Alexandrescu, Gabriela Macovescu, Melania Liliana Arsene, Ana Maria Gurban, Gelu Vasilescu, and Luiza Jecu. "The Potential of Keratinolytic Fungi for Biotechnological Applications in Leather Manufacture." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 3152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7506.

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Keratinophilic fungi are present in soil as decomposers of keratinous substrates, while keratinolytic fungi have the capacity to decompose native keratin, the insoluble fibrous proteins from living organism. Keratin materials, especially by-products from food industry and animal husbandry must be harnessed through innovative, non-polluting and low-cost solutions. The nonpathogenic keratinolytic fungal species produce extracellular keratinases which have many and various applications, one being in leather industry where dehairing process of skin and hides require keratinolytic activity. The present study investigates the biodegradative potential of selected keratinolytic fungal microorganisms expressed towards different types of animal skins. The ability of Fusarium sp. 1 A strain to produce keratinase with a good activity towards animal skins was confirmed. These results suggest that after further studies, Fusarium sp.1A could play an important role in processing of animal wastes.

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Michalski, Marie-Caroline, Bénédicte Camier, Jean-Yves Gassi, Valérie Briard-Bion, Nadine Leconte, Marie-Hélène Famelart, and Christelle Lopez. "Functionality of smaller vs control native milk fat globules in Emmental cheeses manufactured with adapted technologies." Food Research International 40, no. 1 (January 2007): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2006.09.011.

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Golubev, A. "Post-crisis Development of Russian agriculture." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2009): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-10-131-135.

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Possible scenarios of post-crisis development of Russian agriculture: inertial, intensive-technocratic, natural-innovative, are examined at the article. Dull imitation of the west type of agricultural production development, aimed at large-scale use of chemicals and other factors of intensification, is shown to be inappropriate. The possibility of native agriculture keeping based on technologies close to natural ways of foodstuffs` production is analyzed. The notion of rent income from products manufacture in natural conditions is introduced.

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Князев, Н. С., А. И. Малкин, and В. А. Чечеткин. "Определение электродинамических характеристик стеклонаполненных пластмасс в миллиметровом диапазоне частот." Письма в журнал технической физики 47, no. 5 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.05.50678.18610.

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The possibility of using the electrodynamic properties of glass-filled plastics measured in the low-frequency range for the design of radio-transparent shelters of devices operating in the frequency range 78-81 GHz is investigated. The experimental results of measuring samples are compared with the results of modeling. The possibility of using products made of a native manufacturer's material for radio-transparent shelter is evaluated.

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Kuzina, L., L. Kuzmina, and N. Lukin. "Starch and Sugar-containing Substances Use in the Auxiliary Ingredients Complex of Russian and Foreign Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (Comparative Analysis)." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/14.

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This article proposes a comparative analysis of the composition of auxiliary ingredients used in the Russian Federation and the European pharmaceutical industry in tablets in enteric, dispersible, modified release forms is produced. The share, forms and types of native and modified starch and sugar-containing substances used are considered.

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Owodunni, Amina Adedoja, Junidah Lamaming, Rokiah Hashim, Owolabi Folahan Abdulwahab Taiwo, Mohd Hazwan Hussin, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim, Yazmin Bustami, Othman Sulaiman, Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini, and Salim Hiziroglu. "Properties of green particleboard manufactured from coconut fiber using a potato starch based adhesive." BioResources 15, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 2279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.2279-2292.

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Particleboards were manufactured using coconut fibers (Cocos nucifera). The panels were made using different green adhesives, i.e., native potato starch, citric acid, and glutardialdehyde modified potato starch, that were applied at 10%, 12%, and 15% based on oven-dry particle weight for each green adhesive type. The properties of the panels were determined according to the Japanese industrial standard. The results showed that the panels that were bonded with the 15% citric acid-modified starch green adhesive yielded the best mechanical properties (the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bonding strength). The modified potato starch had potential as a green adhesive used for the production of particleboards from coconut fibers.

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Broman, Lars Mikael. "When antithrombin substitution strikes back." Perfusion 35, no. 1_suppl (May 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659120906770.

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Commercially available products used for antithrombin supplementation, for example, in extracorporeal life support, may contain latent antithrombin, a hyper-stable strongly procoagulative and anti-angiogenic residue. Latent antithrombin is associated with severe thrombosis in the critically ill. In the manufacturing process of fractionated antithrombin from plasma, heat treatment, citrate, and freeze drying speed up the transformation of native antithrombin to latent antithrombin. Manufacturers are not required to assess and report the latent antithrombin content of their products. When reported, the latent antithrombin fractions in their product range from <1% to 40% of total antithrombin compared with <3% in the healthy adult and less in children. The aims of this work were (1) to convey increased awareness to clinicians who may experience defaulted, expected effect after antithrombin supplementation in, for example, heparin anticoagulation during extracorporeal life support and (2) to urge manufacturers to assess and disclose latent antithrombin content in their products.

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Pearlstein, Ellen. "Basketmaking Guides and the Appropriation of Indigenous Basketry." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.44.1.pearlstein.

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The first quarter of the twentieth century saw Anglo entrepreneurs rapidly develop how-to books, instructional kits, and models for the manufacture of American Indian-style baskets. Purveyors appropriated styles, stitches, and tribal names, and zealously marketed such creations as more affordable than the purchase of an Indigenous basket. Books, imported materials such as raffia and rattan, and stitching methods were disseminated not only across the country and internationally, but to American Indian boarding schools, where instruction not only resulted in appropriation, but also in deculturing the Indigenous basket and Native peoples.

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Ramos-Rodriguez, David H., Sheila MacNeil, Frederik Claeyssens, and Ilida Ortega Asencio. "The Use of Microfabrication Techniques for the Design and Manufacture of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tissue Regeneration." Bioengineering 8, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8050050.

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The recapitulation of the stem cell microenvironment is an emerging area of research that has grown significantly in the last 10 to 15 years. Being able to understand the underlying mechanisms that relate stem cell behavior to the physical environment in which stem cells reside is currently a challenge that many groups are trying to unravel. Several approaches have attempted to mimic the biological components that constitute the native stem cell niche, however, this is a very intricate environment and, although promising advances have been made recently, it becomes clear that new strategies need to be explored to ensure a better understanding of the stem cell niche behavior. The second strand in stem cell niche research focuses on the use of manufacturing techniques to build simple but functional models; these models aim to mimic the physical features of the niche environment which have also been demonstrated to play a big role in directing cell responses. This second strand has involved a more engineering approach in which a wide set of microfabrication techniques have been explored in detail. This review aims to summarize the use of these microfabrication techniques and how they have approached the challenge of mimicking the native stem cell niche.

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Levine, Mary Ann. "The Fabric of Empire in a Native World: An Analysis of Trade Cloth Recovered from Eighteenth-Century Otstonwakin." American Antiquity 85, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2019.81.

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The residents of Otstonwakin, an eighteenth-century multinational Native American village in Pennsylvania, were involved in extensive trade networks that resulted in the incorporation, modification, and selective adoption of a variety of European-manufactured goods and technologies. Although Native Americans in the fur trade era like those at Otstonwakin negotiated the exchange of a wide array of commodities including alcohol, firearms, iron tools, and brass kettles, the most commonly traded commodity was cloth. Despite its role as a cornerstone commodity, colonial trade cloth has received considerably less scholarly attention than more durable objects largely because very few textiles have survived into the twenty-first century. This article reports on a rare find, a preserved European textile from Otstonwakin's burial ground recovered in the 1930s and hitherto unanalyzed. By analyzing the fabric fragments, sewing thread, and lace with metallic thread, I explore the material and social negotiation of colonial identity on the Pennsylvania frontier.

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Pisano, M. Barbara, M. Elisabetta Fadda, Maura Deplano, Arianna Corda, Maddalena Casula, and Sofia Cosentino. "Characterization of Fiore Sardo cheese manufactured with the addition of autochthonous cultures." Journal of Dairy Research 74, no. 3 (April 30, 2007): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029907002464.

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This work evaluated the effect of adjunct autochthonous cultures on the chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Fiore Sardo cheese during ripening. A total of twelve batches of cheeses were manufactured according to the technical Disciplinary of Fiore Sardo cheese, with and without different combinations of autochthonous strains isolated from the native microflora of artisanal Fiore Sardo. There were no significant differences in the cheese compositional parameters between experimental and control cheeses, but the addition of cultures led to a statistically significant decrease in pH values in experimental cheeses. The evolution of total mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms and lactic acid bacteria were significantly influenced by the addition of autochthonous cultures in most of the experimental cheeses. As for sensory characteristics, all the experimental cheeses reported significantly higher scores especially for shape, texture, interior openings, taste and aftertaste. This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of the addition of selected autochthonous cultures in accelerating the disappearance of undesirable flora and improving the typical sensory characteristics of the cheese, and confirmed the importance of ewes' milk as a source of technologically interesting strains that could be used to ensure a higher quality of artisanal cheese productions.

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Herreros, M. A., R. Arenas, M. H. Sandoval, J. M. Castro, J. M. Fresno, and M. E. Tornadijo. "Effect of addition of native cultures on characteristics of Armada cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk: A preliminary study." International Dairy Journal 17, no. 4 (April 2007): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.04.005.

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Rimondini, Lia, Federica Demarosi, Ismaela Foltran, and Nadia Quirici. "Reconstituted Extracellular Matrix Improve Osteoblastic Differentiation onto Titanium Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.584.

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Electrospinning technique is an efficient processing method to manufacture micro-and nanosized fibrous structures by electrostatic force for different applications. In biomaterial field, electrospinning technique has been successfully utilized to prepare new drug delivery materials and tissue engineering scaffolds. Fiber mats of biodegradable polymers having a diameter in the nanoto submicro-scale can be considered to mimic the nanofibrous structure of native extracellular matrix (ECM). Native extracellular matrix, constituted of proteins and polysaccharides improving cells growth in its nanofibrous porous structure, controls not only the cell phenotype, but the whole structure of the biological tissues. In the present study we investigated the effect of electrospun reconstituted collagen fibers onto metals for oral implants devices manufacturing as far as the osteoblastic differentiation potential of stem cells and cytofunctionality of osteoblasts in-vitro. The cells cultured onto titanium samples coated with ECM constituents showed faster osteoblastic differentiation and more efficient deposition of mineralized matrix in comparison with those onto uncoated substrates.

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Toh, S. K., D. G. McCulloch, J. Du Plessis, P. J. K. Paterson, A. E. Hughes, D. Jamieson, B. Rout, J. M. Long, and A. Stonham. "An Investigation of the Native Oxide of Aluminum Alloy 7475-T7651 Using XPS, AES, TEM, EELS, GDOES and RBS." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 02n03 (April 2003): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0300530x.

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The native oxide on the rolled aerospace aluminum alloy 7475-T7651 was characterized using a variety of different techniques, including X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS), Auger Electron Spectrometry (AES), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry (EELS), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES), and Rutherford Backscattered Spectrometry (RBS). All techniques revealed that the native oxide layer is magnesium-rich and is probably a mixture of magnesium and aluminum–magnesium oxides.1 The oxide layer was found to be of nonuniform thickness due to the rolling process involved during the manufacture of this sheet alloy; this complicates analysis using techniques which have poor spatial resolution. Direct thickness measurement from cross-sectional TEM reveals an oxide thickness which varies between 125 and 500 nm. This large variation in thickness was also evident from GDOES and AES depth profiles as well as the RBS data. Both XPS and RBS also show evidence for the presence of heavy metals in the oxide.

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Lo, C. G., and E. D. Bastian. "Incorporation of Native and Denatured Whey Proteins into Cheese Curd for Manufacture of Reduced Fat, Havarti-type Cheese." Journal of Dairy Science 81, no. 1 (January 1998): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75545-6.

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37

Gómez, Juliana, Laura Villamizar, Carlos Espinel, and Alba Marina Cotes P. "Comparación de la eficacia y la productividad de tres granulovirus nativos sobre larvas de Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 10, no. 2 (November 8, 2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol10_num2_art:137.

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Tecia solanivora es una de las plagas más limitantes del cultivo de la papa, para cuyo control el uso de granulovirus constituye una alternativa promisoria. Para el control de la plaga en condiciones de almacenamiento, en Colombia se produce un bioplaguicida en polvo a base de un granulovirus aislado en Perú a partir de larvas de Phthorimaea operculella. En un trabajo previo se aislaron tres granulovirus nativos provenientes de larvas de T. solanivora de los municipios de Chocontá, Mosquera y Carmen de Carupa en el departamento de Cundinamarca, los cuales podrían estar mejor adaptados al insecto y a las condiciones ambientales del país. En el presente trabajo, los tres aislamientos de granulovirus se evaluaron mediante un bioensayo en laboratorio utilizándolos formulados y sin formular y teniendo como patrón de comparación la cepa peruana. Los virus nativos formulados presentaron eficacias entre 88% y 100%, mientras que para el aislamiento peruano se obtuvo 88%. Estos resultados fueron significativamente diferentes de los obtenidos con los aislamientos sin formular, para los cuales la eficacia estuvo entre 36% y 86% para los aislamientos nativos y, 59% para el aislamiento peruano. También se comparó la cantidad de cuerpos de inclusión (CI) producidos por miligramo de larva con cada uno de los aislamientos, entre los que no se encontraron diferencias significativas. El rendimiento promedio fue de 4,4 x 107 CI/mg de larva. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar el aislamiento nativo proveniente de Mosquera (Cundinamarca) para el futuro desarrollo de un bioplaguicida por presentar los mayores niveles de virulencia. Comparison of the efficacy and yield of three native granulovirus over Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae Tecia solanivora is one of the most limiting potato pests and the use of granulovirus constitutes a promissory alternative for its control. A biopesticide based on a granulovirus isolate from Peru is manufactured in Colombia, for controlling the pest under storage conditions. In a previous work, three native granulovirus from T. solanivora larvae from the localities of Chocontá, Mosquera and Carmen de Carupa of the Cundinamarca department were isolated. These native strains could be better adapted to both the host and the environmental conditions of the country. In the present work the three native isolates of granulovirus were evaluated formulated and unformulated under laboratory conditions by using a bioassay and were compared with the Peruvian strain. The formulated native viruses presented the highest efficacy with results between 88% and 100%, while the Peruvian isolate obtained 88%. These results were significantly different from the obtained with the unformulated virus isolates, for which the efficacy ranged between 36% and 86% for native isolates and was 59% for the Peruvian strain. The concentration of occlusion bodies (OB) produced per milligram of larva tissue was measured and no significant differences between the isolates were observed. The average yield was 4.4 x 107 OB/mg larvae. Results allowed to select the native isolate from Mosquera (Cundinamarca) for a future biopesticide development for presenting the highest virulence levels.

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38

Mavrogeni, Sophie, Dimitris Apostolou, Panayiotis Argyriou, Stella Velitsista, Lilika Papa, Stelios Efentakis, Evangelos Vernardos, Mikela Kanoupaki, George Kanoupakis, and Athanassios Manginas. "T1 and T2 Mapping in Cardiology: “Mapping the Obscure Object of Desire”." Cardiology 138, no. 4 (2017): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478901.

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The increasing use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is based on its capability to perform biventricular function assessment and tissue characterization without radiation and with high reproducibility. The use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) gave the potential of non-invasive biopsy for fibrosis quantification. However, LGE is unable to detect diffuse myocardial disease. Native T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) provide knowledge about pathologies affecting both the myocardium and interstitium that is otherwise difficult to identify. Changes of myocardial native T1 reflect cardiac diseases (acute coronary syndromes, infarction, myocarditis, and diffuse fibrosis, all with high T1) and systemic diseases such as cardiac amyloid (high T1), Anderson-Fabry disease (low T1), and siderosis (low T1). The ECV, an index generated by native and post-contrast T1 mapping, measures the cellular and extracellular interstitial matrix (ECM) compartments. This myocyte-ECM dichotomy has important implications for identifying specific therapeutic targets of great value for heart failure treatment. On the other hand, T2 mapping is superior compared with myocardial T1 and ECM for assessing the activity of myocarditis in recent-onset heart failure. Although these indices can significantly affect the clinical decision making, multicentre studies and a community-wide approach (including MRI vendors, funding, software, contrast agent manufacturers, and clinicians) are still missing.

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39

Hubbel, L., A. C. Elmore, and M. Reidmeyer. "Comparison of a native clay soil and an engineered clay used in experimental ceramic pot filter fabrication." Water Supply 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2015): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.007.

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Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) have been shown to be an effective means of household water treatment in the developing world. The filters are typically made using local labor and locally available materials including clay soils and various burn out materials used to create porosity. Artisanal approaches may be used to manufacture the filters, and there have been efforts to improve CPF performance through laboratory studies. The importation of soil to make the filters may be highly regulated and could be cost prohibitive, so some researchers use commercially available clay to fabricate experimental filters. However, such efforts typically do not include a comparison of the engineered clay to native clay soil, nor do most studies compare the performance of experimental CPFs fabricated from engineered clay to CPFs made from native clay. This study compares mineralogical and geotechnical properties of a clay soil from Rabinal, Guatemala, used to produce CPFs in that country to an engineered clay developed for use in laboratory experiments. Flowrate is the primary quality control parameter used in CPF production, and performance testing indicated that experimental CPF flowrates were not necessarily a function of clay composition. However, engineered clay could be used as a surrogate for native soil with some limitations.

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40

Balakrishnan, Nataraj, Sadhasivam Ganesan, Padma Rajasekaran, Lingeshwaran Rajendran, Sivaprasad Teddu, and Micheal Durairaaj. "Modified Deacetylcephalosporin C Synthase for the Biotransformation of Semisynthetic Cephalosporins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 13 (April 15, 2016): 3711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00174-16.

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ABSTRACTDeacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase synthesized byStreptomyces clavuligerus, transforms an inert methyl group of deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC) into an active hydroxyl group of deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC) during the biosynthesis of cephalosporin. It is a step which is chemically difficult to accomplish, but its development by use of an enzymatic method with DACS can facilitate a cost-effective technology for the manufacture of semisynthetic cephalosporin intermediates such as 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (7ACA) and hydroxymethyl-7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (HACA) from cephalosporin G. As the native enzyme showed negligible activity toward cephalosporin G, an unnatural and less expensive substrate analogue, directed-evolution strategies such as random, semirational, rational, and computational methods were used for systematic engineering of DACS for improved activity. In comparison to the native enzyme, several variants with improved catalytic efficiency were found. The enzyme was stable for several days and is expressed in soluble form at high levels with significantly higherkcat/Kmvalues. The efficacy and industrial scalability of one of the selected variants, CefFGOS, were demonstrated in a process showing complete bioconversion of 18 g/liter of cephalosporin G into deacetylcephalosporin G (DAG) in about 80 min and showed reproducible results at higher substrate concentrations as well. DAG could be converted completely into HACA in about 30 min by a subsequent reaction, thus facilitating scalability toward commercialization. The experimental findings with several mutants were also used to rationalize the functional conformation deduced from homology modeling, and this led to the disclosure of critical regions involved in the catalysis of DACS.IMPORTANCE7ACA and HACA serve as core intermediates for the manufacture of several semisynthetic cephalosporins. As they are expensive, a cost-effective enzyme technology for the manufacture of these intermediates is required. Deacetylcephalosporin C synthase (DACS) was identified as a candidate enzyme for the development of technology from cephalosporin G in this study. Directed-evolution strategies were employed to enhance the catalytic efficiency of deacetylcephalosporin C synthase. One of the selected mutants of deacetylcephalosporin C synthase could convert high concentrations of cephalosporin G into DAG, which subsequently could be converted into HACA completely. As cephalosporin G is inexpensive and readily available, the technology would lead to a substantial reduction in the cost for these intermediates upon commercialization.

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41

Baulo, A. V. "Evidence Relating to the Christian Missions in the Trans-Urals and Northwestern Siberia (8th to 16th centuries)." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.104-110.

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This study addresses the possible activity of early Christian missions among the Vogul (Mansi) of the Urals, Trans-Urals, and northwestern Siberia between the 8th–16th centuries. Three stages in their history are described. The fi rst (700–1000 AD) was marked by the import of southwestern Central Asian silver dishes (diskoi) reproducing biblical themes and Christian symbols. Specimens from Grigorovskoye, Anikovskoye, and from the Malaya Ob had been cast in Nestorian communities of Semirechye. The imported diskoi gave rise to the tradition of offering food to deities on metal dishes. The second stage (1200–1400 AD) began when silver plaques depicting the famous theme of icon painting (“The feat of the Martyr Demetrius of Solun defeating King Kaloyan of Bulgaria”) had been imported to the region. The third stage (15th and 16th centuries) correlates with the Russian expansion to Siberia and attempts to baptize the natives. At the ceremony, baptismal symbols such as tin plaques were given to the neophytes. Apparently, most plaques represent the biblical King David and were manufactured by Russians in the late 1400s to early 1500s. In the 16th century, plaques with the fi gure of St. George appeared in Siberia. The analysis of items showing biblical and hagiographical characters and of their distribution in northwestern Siberia suggests that Christian missions were unable to oust paganism from the region. Russian religious items were used in native rituals mostly if they represented horsemen, because these seemed to allude to the son of the Ob Ugric supreme deity Mir-Susne-Khum, also depicted as a horseman.

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42

de Almeida, Diego Henrique, Raquel Schmitt Cavalheiro, Fabiane Salles Ferro, Tiago Hendrigo de Almeida, André Luis Christoforo, Carlito Calil Junior, and Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr. "Hardness of the Schizolobium amazonicum Wood." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 2018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.2018.

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Brazil has an infinity of native species that provide wood with good properties for use in civil engineering, industries and other segments. Schizolobium amazonicum Wood is a species that is much used in Brazil to manufacture of wood based-products. Researches regarding the properties are being performed in order to rationalize their use. The aim of this research is to determine the hardness of the Schizolobium amazonicum Wood in directions parallel and normal to the grains. The tests occurred in accordance with the Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190: 1997. The average values determined were interesting hardness upon the low specific gravity presented by Schizolobium amazonicum Wood.

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43

Mihulová, M., M. Vejlupková, J. Hanušová, J. Štětina, and Z. Panovská. "Effect of modified whey proteins on texture and sensory quality of processed cheese." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 6 (November 18, 2013): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/522/2012-cjfs.

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One of the possibilities to enhance nutritional benefits of processed cheese is the incorporation of whey proteins. However, it is necessary to characterise the effect of their addition on its texture, rheology, and sensory quality. Processed cheese was manufactured from Edam cheese, low-fat fresh cheese, emulsifying salts, and water phase (drinking water, non-modified and modified reconstituted whey). Modification of whey was performed by enzymatic protein hydrolysis and additional removal of hydrophobic peptides. The texture of products was characterised by texture profile analysis, rheology by dynamic oscillation rheometry, and sensory quality by descriptive quantitative analysis. The effect of whey protein addition on the texture and rheology of cheese was dependent on protein concentration and modification. Native whey concentration in comparison with water decreased hardness and chewiness and enhanced adhesiveness of samples. Higher concentration increased hardness and chewiness and lowered adhesiveness. Modified whey compared to the native one produced softer and better chewable products. However, the sensory analysis of products did not demonstrate any differences in their hedonic quality.

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SEO, JI-HYUN, JU-WOON LEE, YOU-SEOK LEE, SOO-YOUNG LEE, MEE-REE KIM, HONG-SUN YOOK, and MYUNG-WOO BYUN. "Change of an Egg Allergen in a White Layer Cake Containing Gamma-Irradiated Egg White." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.8.1725.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the reduction of an egg allergen in a cake containing gamma-irradiated egg white. A white layer cake was manufactured by a commercial formula with 10- or 20-kGy–irradiated egg white. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with immunoglobulin (Ig) E from egg-allergic patients and with rabbit anti-ovalbumin IgG were used to identify and quantify ovalbumin (OVA) in the samples. Concentrations of native OVA detected by IgE and IgG in the control were 432.88 and 375.46 μg/g sample, respectively. However, native OVA in samples with 10- and 20-kGy–irradiated egg white was detected at low concentrations (14.27 and 8.78 μg/g, respectively) by IgE (P < 0.05); IgG recognized OVA more often in 10- and 20-kGy samples than in controls. Conformational cleavage of OVA by irradiation could explain the IgG result. The results appear to suggest that irradiating egg white might reduce its allergenicity, which could be used in the production of baked goods of reduced allergenicity.

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Slater, Eamonn. "Contested Terrain: Differing Interpretations of Co. Wicklow's Landscape." Irish Journal of Sociology 3, no. 1 (May 1993): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359300300102.

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This paper looks at how Irish landscape was interpreted in the mid 1800s, when modern tourism in Ireland began. It attempts to discover the ideological structures present in this appreciation of Irish landscape, and it does so in relation with the Hall's description of Co. Wicklow landscape. It argues that there are two ‘socially constructed’ ways to read Irish landscape, the picturesque and the oral interpretations, which create senses of detachment and attachment respectively to the local terrain. It explores in this context how the picturesque corresponds to the way an outsider wishes to gaze upon a landscape, either as a colonialising landlord or as a tourist. Although the picturesque excludes human work from its vision, it was manufactured in the demesnes of the landlord class according to compositional techniques. But the ideological structure of the beautiful aspect of the picturesque excludes the native people who actually live in the landscape, because they are seen as a source of disharmony. The native gaze, on the contrary, creates a sense of attachment to the local place.

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46

Twigg, Laurie. "Fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation: can it reduce the impact of exotic mammals on wildlife conservation?" Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 4 (2011): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110299.

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THERE is no doubt that fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation (also known as poison peas) has had a profound effect on the evolution and persistence of Western Australian biota. Most of these plants belong to the genus Gastrolobium, and most are found in the south-west corner of Western Australia (Gardner and Bennetts 1956; Aplin 1971; Twigg and King 1991). The toxic principle of these plants, fluoroacetate, is also manufactured synthetically as 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) for Australiawide control of vertebrate pests, such as rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, foxes Vulpes vulpes, wild dogs Canis lupus familiaris and feral Pigs Sus scrofa (Twigg and King 1991). Because of their co-evolution with fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation, many native animals in Western Australia have developed varying levels of tolerance to this highly toxic compound. In contrast, introduced mammals are generally highly sensitive to fluoroacetate. Although it is not a prerequisite for safe and effective pest control programmes with 1080, the toxicity differential between native and introduced animals provides an additional “safety net” when using 1080 products in Western Australia.

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Strayer, David L., Joel M. Cooper, Madeleine M. McCarty, Douglas J. Getty, Camille L. Wheatley, Conner J. Motzkus, Rachel M. Goethe, Francesco Biondi, and William J. Horrey. "Visual and Cognitive Demands of CarPlay, Android Auto, and Five Native Infotainment Systems." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 8 (April 5, 2019): 1371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819836575.

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Objective: The present research compared and contrasted the workload associated with using in-vehicle information systems commonly available in five different automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with that of CarPlay and Android Auto when used in the same vehicles. Background: A growing trend is to provide access to portable smartphone-based systems (e.g., CarPlay and Android Auto) that support an expansion of various in-vehicle infotainment system features and functions. Method/Results: The study involved on-road testing of 24 participants in each configuration of five vehicles crossed with the three different infotainment systems: the embedded portion of the native OEM systems, CarPlay, and Android Auto. Our analysis found that workload was significantly greater for the embedded portion of the native OEM systems than for CarPlay and Android Auto. The strengths and weaknesses of each CarPlay and Android Auto traded off in such a way that the overall demand associated with using the two systems did not differ. Conclusion: CarPlay and Android Auto provided more functionality and resulted in lower levels of workload than the embedded portion of the native OEM infotainment systems. Application: Potential applications of this research include refinements to CarPlay and Android Auto to address variations in workload as a function of task type, the modality of interaction, and OEM implementation of the system.

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Kim, Jae-Woo, Dong-Seong Kim, Seung-Hwan Kim, and Sang-Moon Shin. "Design and Implementation Scheme of QSFP28 Optical Transceiver for Long-Reach Transmission Using PAM4 Modulation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062803.

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A quad, small form-factor pluggable 28 Gbps optical transceiver design scheme is proposed. It is capable of transmitting 50 Gbps of data up to a distance of 40 km using modulation signals with a level-four pulse-amplitude. The proposed scheme is designed using a combination of electro-absorption-modulated lasers, transmitter optical sub-assembly, low-cost positive-intrinsic-native photodiodes, and receiver optical sub-assembly to achieve standard performance and low cost. Moreover, the hardware and firmware design schemes to implement the optical transceiver are presented. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the performance of the manufactured optical transceiver, thereby confirming its applicability to real industrial sites.

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Yong, P., M. Paterson-Beedle, W. Liu, Z. Zhang, D. A. Beauregard, M. L. Johns, and Lynne E. Macaskie. "A Study of Biofilm and Non-Line-of-Sight Bio-Hydroxyapatite Coatings Using a Serratia sp." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.741.

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This study describes biofilm formation as a non line-of-sight coating method on support materials such as polyurethane foam, porous glass, polypropylene (PP) and titanium alloy, using a Serratia sp., which can manufacture extracellular nanoscale scaffolded hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals via enzymatic cleavage of glycerol 2-phosphate (G2P) in the presence of CaCl2. Various microscopies and non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging were used to visualize the biofilm coating on the support surface. A novel micromanipulation technique was used to estimate the adhesive strength of native and HA-mineralized biofilms. The biofilm with HA was up to forty times stronger than that without HA. A coating of nano-HA (> 80 m) onto a biofilm-Ti disc was achieved.

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Переверзева and E. Pereverzeva. "History of Expansion and Usage of Oil-Plants." Primary Education 4, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19007.

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The article considers the materials about the oil-plants, transplanted from the native habitat and cultivated in local soil for practical purposes. The attention is paid to the plants that form the basis of modern oil-plant manufacture, which home country is the Old and the New World. The article is in aid of teacher. It contains the information, which helps to form knowledge of primary schoolchildren about genesis and history of oil-plants delivery — the source of vegetable oil. The article gives also the information about the role of oil-plants in the good balanced nutrition of the person, especially of children and teenagers. The author considers also the questions of ecological education.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Native manufactures'

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